新高考英语一轮复习练习考向64 七选五之复现 替代 逻辑和连贯与试题解答(原卷版)

考向64七选五复现、替代、逻辑和连贯与试题解答策略1核心词复现法【考法再现】1.2020·全国卷Ⅲ·片段体裁：说明文主题语境：人与社会—风俗________Somepeopleregisteralistofthingstheywantorneedfortheirnewhomeatalocalstoreorstores.Somecommonthingspeoplewillputonagiftregistryincludekitchentoolslikeknivesandthingslikecurtains.Evenifthereisn'taregistry,agoodhousewarminggiftissomethingtodecoratethenewhousewith,likeapieceofartoraplant.A.Thisisn'tusualthough.B.Itistraditionaltobringagifttoahousewarmingparty.C.Youcanalsobringfoodordrinkstosharewiththeotherguests.D.Ifyou'reluckyenoughtoreceivegifts,keeptheminasafeplace.E.Italsogivespeopleachancetoseewhatthenewhomelookslike.F.Thebesthousewarmingpartiesencourageoldfriendstogettogether.G.Thiswassothatthepersoncouldkeeptheirhomewarmforthewinter.答案与解析B根据空后第二句中的关键词“agiftregistry”和空后第三句中的“agoodhousewarminggift”可知，该段介绍的是与礼物相关的内容。故正确选项应含有与housewarming和gift相关的词汇，锁定选项B和D。又该段列举了参加聚会所带的礼物，如厨房工具、窗帘、艺术品或绿植。这些都和参加乔迁聚会带礼物有关，故B项“带礼物去参加乔迁聚会是一种传统”概括了本段内容，引出下文，故选B。【策略微点】技巧依据介绍段落主旨时，常会有核心词的复现，但不是词语的简单重复，而是核心词以同义词、近义词或不同词性的词等形式出现。在做题时，注意选项中出现的与原文意思相同、相近或相反的词汇。【策略图解】核心词复现法策略2代词指代法【考法再现】2.2020·全国卷Ⅲ·片段体裁：说明文主题语境：人与社会—风俗Housewarmingpartiesgettheirnamefromthefactthatalongtimeagopeoplewouldactuallybringfirewoodtoanewhomeasagift.________Nowmosthomeshavecentralheatinganddon'tusefirestokeepwarm.A.Thisisn'tusualthough.B.Itistraditionaltobringagifttoahousewarmingparty.C.Youcanalsobringfoodordrinkstosharewiththeotherguests.D.Ifyou'reluckyenoughtoreceivegifts,keeptheminasafeplace.E.Italsogivespeopleachancetoseewhatthenewhomelookslike.F.Thebesthousewarmingpartiesencourageoldfriendstogettogether.G.Thiswassothatthepersoncouldkeeptheirhomewarmforthewinter.答案与解析G代词指代法解题。上句介绍了乔迁聚会名称的由来，根据“bringfirewoodtoanewhomeasagift”可知，人们会带柴火作为礼物，本空应承接上文说明带柴火的目的和作用：取暖。G项“这样人们就可以在冬天的时候保持家里温暖”符合语境。选项G中的this指代上一句中提到的“bringfirewood”。3.2019·全国卷Ⅱ·片段体裁：说明文主题语境：人与自我—认识自我、完善自我Youalsoneedtojudgethequalityanddepthofyourmotivation.Thisisquiteimportant,becauseitisdirectlyrelatedtoyourcommitment.Therearetimeswhenyourheartisnotinyourwork.__①__So,slowdownandthinkwhatyoureallywanttodoatthatmoment.Clarity(清晰)ofthoughtscanhelpyoumoveforward.Anotherwayofsettingrealisticgoalsistoanalyzeyourshortandlongtermobjectives,keepinginmindyourbeliefs,valuesandstrengths.Rememberthatgoalsareflexible.__②__Theyalsoneedtobemeasurable.Youmustkeepthesepointsinmindwhilesettingyourgoals.A.Thiscanaffectyourwork.B.Sohowshouldyoumotivateyourself?C.However,thisshouldnotdiscourageyou.D.Sowhyshouldwetrytosetspecificgoals?E.Theycanchangeaccordingtocircumstances.F.Motivationiswhatyouneedmosttodoagoodjob.G.Withoutmotivation,youcanneithersetagoalnorreachit.答案与解析①A根据空前一句尤其是该句中的yourwork这一关键信息可推断，A项“这会影响到你的工作”符合语境，且A项中的指示代词This指代前文内容，此外，空后一句“So,slowdownandthink...”提出了应对方法，因此设空处应是提到空前一句产生的影响。故选A项。②E根据空前一句“Rememberthatgoalsareflexible.”并结合选项可知，E项与此处语义一致。E项中的changeaccordingtocircumstances是对flexible一词的解释，且E项中的指示代词They特指前文的goals，同时与空后一句“Theyalsoneedtobemeasurable.”中的They相呼应。故选E项。【策略微点】技巧依据英语文章中代词出现的频率很高，代词可以用来指代前面提及的名词(短语)或句子，可借助这一线索准确解题。【策略图解】代词指代法策略3逻辑关系法【考法再现】4.2020·全国卷Ⅱ·片段体裁：说明文主题语境：人与社会—社会交往Thereisalsothematteroftone(语气).Whohasn'treceivedanemailsoannoyingthatitruinedanentireday?________.Emojicanhelpcommunicationfeelfriendlier,andevenaseriousnotecanbesoftenedwithanencouragingsmile.A.MessageswithemojisfeelmoreconversationalB.EvenaformalemailcanseemcoldandunfriendlyC.SendingsmilingfacestocolleaguesmayseemstrangeD.ThepopularityoftheseplatformsisspreadinggloballyE.GivingemployeesthetoolsenablesthemtocommunicatehonestlyF.StudiesshowthatfriendliercommunicationleadstoahappierworkplaceG.Aneasywaytobringallworkgenerationstogetheriswithachatplatform答案与解析B核心词和逻辑关系法解题。该段通过正反两方面的对比，介绍沟通中的语气问题。空前一句“Whohasn'treceivedanemailsoannoyingthatitruinedanentireday？”说明电子邮件带来的负面情绪；下一句从正面介绍表情符号的积极作用。结合前后正反对比的语境和设空前一句中的关键词“anemail”和空后一句中的关键词“aseriousnote”可知，正确选项应与电子邮件的负面作用相关，故B项“即使是一封正式的电子邮件也会显得冷淡和不友好”进一步讲述电子邮件的负面作用，故选B。even顺承上一句并加强了语气。【策略微点】技巧依据一个段落中总有一些衔接过渡词或并列连词，如however,therefore,thus,accordingly,yet,besides,still等和and,but,so,notonly...butalso...,neither...nor...等。【策略图解】逻辑关系法策略4相似结构线索法【考法再现】5.2020·全国卷Ⅱ·片段体裁：说明文主题语境：人与社会—社会交往________，andemojicancontributedirectlytothatpositiveoutcome.Andwhenyouremployeesbeginaddingsmilingemojistotheirbusinesscommunication,you'llknowyouhavesucceededinimprovingyourworkculture.A.MessageswithemojisfeelmoreconversationalB.EvenaformalemailcanseemcoldandunfriendlyC.SendingsmilingfacestocolleaguesmayseemstrangeD.ThepopularityoftheseplatformsisspreadinggloballyE.GivingemployeesthetoolsenablesthemtocommunicatehonestlyF.StudiesshowthatfriendliercommunicationleadstoahappierworkplaceG.Aneasywaytobringallworkgenerationstogetheriswithachatplatform答案与解析F根据空后的“andemojicancontributedirectlytothatpositiveoutcome”中的连词and(并且)可知，此处是并列句，根据and后的关键词“thatpositiveoutcome”和该段第二句中的关键词“youremployees”“businesscommunication”和“workculture”可知，正确选项应与表情符号对工作场所的好处相关。故选项F“研究表明，更友好的沟通会带来更快乐的工作场所”符合语境。“ahappierworkplace”与关键词“thatpositiveoutcome”呼应。6.2019·全国卷Ⅱ·片段体裁：说明文主题语境：人与自我—认识自我、完善自我________Morethanthat,howshouldyoustaymotivatedtoachievethegoal?First,youneedtoevaluateyourself,yourvalues,yourstrengths,yourweaknesses,yourachievements,yourdesires,etc.Onlythenshouldyousetyourgoals.A.Thiscanaffectyourwork.B.Sohowshouldyoumotivateyourself?C.However,thisshouldnotdiscourageyou.D.Sowhyshouldwetrytosetspecificgoals?E.Theycanchangeaccordingtocircumstances.F.Motivationiswhatyouneedmosttodoagoodjob.G.Withoutmotivation,youcanneithersetagoalnorreachit.答案与解析B设空处后一句是个问句，由此可知，设空处也应是一个问句，故将答案锁定在B项和D项之间。B项中的howshouldyou...与空后一句中的howshouldyou...在结构上和语义上均保持一致，而D项中的why与后文内容无关。故选B项。【策略微点】技巧依据阅读七选五的体裁大多是说明文，常采用总分或总分总形式，第一段说明事物的主题，下面几段从不同角度说明问题，最后总结，各段之间多是平行关系。在文章句式的使用上，多出现相似句型。有时候设空是句子的某一部分，所以可以借助相似句型和句子结构解题。【策略图解】相似结构线索法【检测训练】1Basically,aphoneinterviewisthefirststepinthehiringprocess,asitgivestheemployeraglanceofyourbackground,personality,andoverallfitfortheposition.1.1.TellMeAboutYourselfMoreoftenthannot,aninterviewerwillbeginwith“tellmeaboutyourself.”2.Youdon'twanttosoundtoorehearsed,butputtingdownafewnotesonyourbackgroundcanhelpmakethisamucheasierquestiontorespondto.2.PrepareforBehavioralQuestions3.Whiletheyaren'talwaysaskedonaphoneinterview,theycantelltheinterviewerabitmoreaboutyourpersonalitywithouthavingtomeetyouinperson.Thesequestions,suchas"teilmeaboutatimeyoudemonstratedleadership"arefairlycommon,andalsoeasytoprepareforinadvance.Takeafewminutestowritedownbulletpointsonatimeyouwerealeaderorovercameadifficulty.4.Therefore,writingdownafewideasinadvancecanonlyhelpgetthosecreativejuicesflowingforwhensomeunexpectedquestionsareasked.3.PreparetoExplainEmploymentGapsSomeindividualshaveemploymentgapsintheirresume.Formost,thisrelatestocollegeandschoolbreaks,etc.5.Thinkingaboutthesegapsbeforehandgivesyoutheadvantageintermsofbeingpreparedforthelineofquestioning.Rememberthataphoneinterviewmaybethemostimportantpart,asit'sgoingtosolidifyagoodfirstimpressionthatwillhelpcarryyouthroughouttherestoftheprocess.A.Behavioralquestionsarehuge.B.However,thesegapsshouldbeavoidedifpossible.C.Youneverknowwhattypeofquestionwillbeasked.D.Thesequestionsneedyoutodescribeyourpreparationforthetargetjob.E.Butsometimesthismeansexplainingthemtoavoidmakingyoulookbad.F.Preparingforitrequiresyoutodescribeyourgoalsthatmatchtheposition.G.Withthatinmind,youcanpreparesomewell-thought-outanswersforthecommonlyaskedquestions.2Twothievescametoahousetostealsomething.Theydugaholeinthewallofthehouse.Oneofthemcrawledintothehousewhiletheotherwaitedoutside.Therelivedmanymiceinthehouse.6..“Look!Incomesone,”shesaidtothemaninthehouse.Thethiefwassofrightenedthathehurriedlycrawledoutofthehouseandsaidtotheonewaitingoutside,“ShefoundmewhenIwasjustin.”Butthethiefoutsidedidn’tbelievehim,sohesaid,“Letustwotrytocrawlintothehousetogether.”7.Thewomansawthemiceandshouted,“Incometwo.Catchthem!”8.Theystartedrunningawayatonce.Thetwothieveswantedtomakeitclearwhethertheyhadbeenfoundornotthenightbefore.Thenextdaytheyactedasmensellingsweetpotatoesandcamebeforethehouse.Themanandthewomanwereploughinginthefields.9..Shesawtwomensellingsweetpotatoesandwantedtobuysome.10.Atthetimethemancouldn’twaitforheranylongerinthefieldsandheranbackfromthefieldstohurryherup.Thewomanshowedthesweetpotatoestothemanandsaid,“Howtheylooklikethetwooflastnight!”Themansaid,“Iaskedyoutofetcharope,whydon’tyouhurryforit?”Thetwothievesranawayveryquicklywithouttheirsweetpotatoes.A.Thewomaninthemoonlightsawamousecrawlintothehouse.B.Thereinbrokeandthewomancamehomeforarope.C.Themiceescapedquickly.D.Thetwothieveswereterriblyfrightened.E.Atthattimetwomicehappenedtocrawlintothehousetoo.F.Shepickedouttwowhichlookedlikemice.G.Thetwomenhelpedtocatchtheropeforthewoman.3BeforetheSecondWorldWar,everyoneeverywhererodetheirbicycles—andthenwiththedawnofthe1950stheautomobilekilledthecyclingculture.Inthe1960sCopenhagenwasverypollutedandcrowdedwithcars.Ittookthecityplannersandpoliticiansalongtimetoreclaim(恢复)thestreetsofCopenhagen.11.RushhourinCopenhageniswhen45%ofthepopulationtravelbybicycletotheirplacesofworkorstudyeachday.12.ItlooksverydifferenttherethaninmyhomecountryofCanada—wherethereisaverylowpercentageofthepopulationwhoridebicycles.TheenvironmentalconcernisaminorpartofwhatencouragespeopletocycleinCopenhagen.13.IstherealinkagetocyclingandwhyCopenhagenisoftenrankedthehappiestcityontheplanet?TheDanishdon’thavebigmonuments,theyhaveHansChristianAndersen’s“LittleMermaid(美人鱼),”whichislife-size.Thiscapturesthespiritofthecity;laidback,practicalandresponsible.Theirmonumentsarebigwindturbines(发电机).14.Therearemanyotherrenewableenergies.Wejustneedtolookaroundmothernature’splayground.Treesbringrain.Whentheyswayinthewind,theypurifytheair.15.Whentheleavesdroptotheground,theyhelpthesoilbecomefertilebutholdtheirshapeforalongtime—nomatterhowharditrains.Whenyoucutdowntreesforbuilding,forfarming,thelandandriversdryup.ThespringsasGodmadethemaregone,asiseverylivingthingfoundthatrequireswatertosurvive.A.Nowbikesoutnumbercars.B.Wehaveenergyavailablefromthewind.C.Forthem,it’ssimplyabetterqualityoflife.D.Theyremovethecarbondioxidefromouroxygen.E.Ittakesmorethangeographytogetpeoplecycling.F.Thisisthecoolestbikeprojectintheworldrightnow.G.CyclinginCopenhagenisanimportantmeansoftravel.4Fordecades,doctorshavewarnedpatientsthattoomuchsaltcanbebadfortheheart.Heartattackhaslongbeenconsideredagrown-upproblem.16.Eatingtoomuchsaltyfoodwhenyou'reyoungcanleadtohealthproblemslater.Saltismadeupoftwoelements:sodiumandchlorine伟内禾口氯）.Dietaryguidelinesrecommendthatadultsandkidsaged9-13shouldn'tconsumemorethanaboutateaspoonofsodiumdaily.17.Thisworriesdoctorsbecausetoomuchsodiumresultsinthebodyproducingmoreblood.Topumptheextrablood,thehearthastoworkharder.Thiscausesariseinbloodpressure一-ameasurementofhowstressedtheheartis.Highbloodpressureoftenleadstoheartdisease.Akidwithhighbloodpressureismorelikelytobecomeagrown-upwithhighbloodpressure.18.Britishresearchersrecentlyfoundthatkidswhoeatlesssaltalsodrinkfewersugarysoftdrinks.Drinkingfewerfizzy（碳酸）drinksmakeskidslesslikelytogainweight,becomeobeseanddevelophighbloodpressure.19.ArecentstudyfoundthatagrowingnumberofkidsintheUSaresufferingfromkidneystones（肾结石）.Thispainfulconditionusuallyaffectspeopleagedover40.Now,kidsasyoungasfivearegettingit.Cuttingdownonsaltcanbehard,butyoucanretrainyourselftopreferlesssaltyfood.Thebestwaytoreducetheamountofsodiumyoueatistomakechangesgradually.20.Switchtofreshfoodsinsteadofcannedandbottledversions.Andgoeasyonthecondiments（调味品）.Youmightalsowanttostartreadingnutritionlabels.Youmaybesurprisedtolearnthatthereare1,150mgofsodiuminadoublecheeseburger,andover2,000mginmanyfrozenmeals.A.Saltisn'ttheonlycauseofdiseases.B.TheaverageAmericaneatstwicethisamount.C.Saltcanaffectmorethanjustyourheartandweight.D.Reducingsaltmightalsohelpstopchildhoodobesity.E.Butnewresearchsuggeststhatsaltisstartingtoaffectchildren.F.Startbyaddinghalfasmuchsalttoyourdinnerasyounormallydo.G.Cuttingdownonsaltnowcanloweraperson'sriskofheartdisease.5Studyingforexamslonghoursorrepeatedexposuretoastressfulsituationmayleadtoburnout(过度劳累).Sufferingfromburnoutcanresultinareductioninourcreativityandproductivity.21.Herearesometipsthatmayhelpyou.Increaseyourel-efficacy(自我效能).Thismeansyoushouldbelieveinyourabilitytocompleteataskathand.Itcanhelpyouformafeelingthatthetaskisachievableandlesstiring.Aneffectivewayistofollowaself-efficacymodel.22.Hecanhaveapositiveeffectonyouandmakeyouremainoptimisticandconfidentinyourabilities.23.Noteveryonehascreativeaspectstotheirjobs,andtherefore,weneedtofindotherapproachestoshowingourselves.Wecouldpaint,writeortakepartinlocaltheater.Allofthesemayhelpgetusoutoftheextremestressthatmayexistinourworkinglife.Lookafteryourselfandyoursurroundings.Theconsequenceisthatyouaresurroundedbyacleanerandmorepositiveenvironment.24.Haveapositivementalattitudetowardseverythingyoudo,andyou'llfeelthetaskislessstressful.Youmayfeelmorecompetentaswell.Scheduleregularsocialactivities.Rememberwhenyouusedtospendtimewithfriends?Youwereactiveandyouhadfunwhenyouwatchedmoviesandatemealstogether.Youcanregainsomeofthatenjoyableexperiencebyschedulingregularactivities.25.A.Findwaystoexpressourcreativesides.B.Burnout,however,isn'talwayseasytospot.C.Whatcanwedotoavoidthebadeffectsofburnout?D.Acyclingwithyourpartnereverydaywilldojustfine.E.Thisinturnmakesyouhavehealthyandpositivethoughts.F.Worriedthatyouareexperiencingburnoutbutunsureofthesymptoms?G.Simplyobserveafriendorcolleagueaccomplishsomethingmeaningful.6Yourdentisthasprobablybeentellingyoutoflossforyears.26.36%ofAmericanswouldratherdosomethingunpleasant,likecleanthetoilet,thanputstringbetweentheirteeth.That’swhymanycheeredatanewsreportthatflossingmightnotbenecessary.TheAssociatedPressreviewed25studiesandconcludedthatflossingdidn’thaveprovenhealthbenefits.Shouldyouthrowawayyourfloss?Notsofast.27.Onereviewof12studiesfoundthatpeoplewhobrushedandflossedregularlywerelesslikelytohavebleedinggums.28.Gumdisease,leftuntreated,canleadtoshrinkinggumsandtoothloss.Itisalsolinkedtoheartdisease,andmanyotherhealthconditions.“Yourmouthisamirrorfortherestofyourbody,’expertssay.29.Somethinkmorebacterialeftinyourmouthendupinyourbloodstream,wheretheymaycontributetoinflammationinotherareas,likeyourheart.Whatexpertsdoknowisthatpeoplewhodon’thavegumdiseasearelesslikelytohavehealthproblemslikeheartdisease.Infact,manydentistssaythereasontheyrecommendflossingisn’tbecauseofresearch.30.“Inmypractice,it’sclearthatpeoplewhoflossdailyhavehealthiergumsandkeeptheirteethlonger,”adentistsays.Ittakeslessthanaminute,andthere’sliterallynodownsidetodoingit.Butifyouskipit,soonerorlateryou—andyourdentist—willnoticeadifference.A.Manydentalexpertsaren’tonboard.B.Therearealsomanybenefitsinflossing.C.Theyhadlowerlevelsofgumdisease,too.D.Ifyou’verefusedtodoso,you’renotalone.E.Instead,it’sbecauseofwhattheyseeintheirpatients.F.Ittakessevenormoreyearstotrainaprofessionaldentist.G.Theconnectionbetweengumdiseaseandhealthisn’tentirelyclear.7Manyofusliketodineoutandtreatourselvestodeliciousfood.Weareusedtochoosingheartyfat-filleddishesandsugar-chargeddesserts,whicharenoteasilycookedathome.31.AccordingtoEconomicDaily,low-calorie,low-fatandhigh-fibermealshavebecomepopularinChina’srestaurantsandonlinedeliveryplatforms.32.Accordingtoareportreleasedbyamajoronlinefooddeliveryplatform,thenumberoflightmealsorderedonlinealsorose75percentfromthepreviousyear.Havingalightmeal,however,doesn’tmeaneatingonlyvegetables.Differentfromthemeat-freelifestyle,atypicallightdishavoidsoily,saltyandspicyfood.33.Healthynutrientsarethethemeofthelightmeal.Thesedishesareusefulforkeepinghealthyandcontrollingyourweight.34.Dinersseeitas“agreatwaytoavoidbloating(变胖),’’wrotetheTelegraph.Thesechangesineatingbehaviorareconnectedtodeeperchangesinhowpeoplethinkaboutfood,saysWalterWillett,chairofthenutritiondepartmentattheHarvardT.ChanSchoolofPublicHealth,US.“Dietquality,notquantity,isimportantforbothweightcontrolandlong-termwell-being,”WilletttoldTheNewYorkTimes.Sonexttimeyouhaveapartywithfriends,tryalightmeal.35.A.Solightmealshaveapromisingfuture.B.Peopletendtochoosethefoodthatsuittheirtaste.C.Itwillsatisfynotonlyyourstomachsbutmaybealsoyourhearts.D.Therecentriseoflightmeals,however,givesdinersasmarterchoice.E.Thecountrysawarapidexpansionofrestaurantsspecializinginlightmeals.F.Instead,itcontainsthingslikeboiled