初中英语语法讲解与练习名词

学习必备欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载1.1名词复数的规则变化情况构成方法读音例词一般情况加-s清辅音后读/s/map-maps浊辅音和元音后读/z/bag-bags/car-cars以s,sh,ch,x等结尾加-es读/iz/bus-buses/watch-watches以ce,se,ze,等结尾加-s读/iz/license-licenses以辅音字母+y结尾变y为i再加es读/z/baby---babies1.2其它名词复数的规则变化▲1）以y结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s变复数。例如：twoMarystheHenrysmonkey---monkeysholiday---holidays2）以o结尾的名词，变复数时：a.加s，如：photo---photospiano---pianosradio---radioszoo---zoos；b.加es，如：potato--potatoestomato--tomatoesc.上述a和b两种方法均可，如zero---zeros/zeroes。3）以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时：a.加s，如：belief---beliefsroof---roofssafe---safesgulf---gulfs；b.去f,fe加ves，如：half---halvesknife---knivesleaf---leaveswolf---wolveswife---wiveslife---livesthief---thieves；c.上述a和b两种方法均可，如handkerchief:handkerchiefs/handkerchieves。1.3名词复数的不规则变化1）child---childrenfoot---feettooth---teethmouse---miceman---menwoman---women注意：由一个词加man或woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-women，如anEnglishman，twoEnglishmen。但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是theBowmans。2）单复同形，如deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese，li，jin，yuan，twoli，threemu，fourjin等。但除人民币的元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如：adollar,twodollars;ameter,twometers。3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。例如：peoplepolicecattle等本身就是复数，不能说apeople，apolice，acattle，但可以说aperson，apoliceman，aheadofcattle,theEnglish，theBritish，theFrench，theChinese，theJapanese，theSwiss等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用，如TheChineseareindustriesandbrave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。4）以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：a.maths，politics，physics等学科名词，一般是不可数名词，为单数。b.news为不可数名词。c.theUnitedStates，theUnitedNations应视为单数。TheUnitedNationswasorganizedin1945.联合国是1945年组建起来的。d.以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。例如："TheArabianNights"isaveryinterestingstory-book.《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣的故事书。5）表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses（眼镜）trousers,clothes等，若表达具体数目，要借助数量词pair（对，双）;suit（套）;apairofglasses;twopairsoftrousers等。6）另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼。1.4不同国籍人的单复数国籍总称（谓语用复数）单数复数中国人theChineseaChinesetwoChinese瑞士人theSwissaSwisstwoSwiss澳大利亚人theAustraliansanAustraliantwoAustralians俄国人theRussiansaRussiantwoRussians意大利人theItaliansanItaliantwoItalians希腊人theGreekaGreektwoGreeks法国人theFrenchaFrenchmantwoFrenchmen日本人theJapaneseaJapanesetwoJapanese美国人theAmericansanAmericantwoAmericans印度人theIndiansanIndiantwoIndians加拿大人theCanadiansaCanadiantwoCanadians德国人theGermansaGermanstwoGermans英国人theEnglishanEnglishmantwoEnglishmen瑞典人theSwedishaSwedetwoSwedes【练习题】一、写出下列名词的复数形式1、orange2、class3、monkey4、piano5、child6、shelf7、bed8、country9、family10、toy11、foot12、radio13、photo14、tomato15、woman16、knife17、sheep18、ship19、dish20、mouse21、tooth22、leaf______二、选择填空()1．Icanseethree________inthezoo.Amonkeys

BmonkeyesCmonkey()2.Thepighasfour______.A.footB.feetC.foots

()3.Mytwobrothersareboth______.A.policemanB.policemansC.policemen

()4.Icanseeten_____inthepicture.A.sheepB.dogC.pig

()5.The_____hasthree______.A.boys,watchesB.boy,watchC.boy,watches

()6.Canyousee_______ontheplate?A.bread

B.breads

C.breades()7.Thegirloftenbrushesher_____beforeshegoestobed.A.toothB.toothsC.teeth

()8.MrBlackoftendrinksome_________.A.milk

B.milks

C.milkes()9.Therearesome_____onthefloor.A.childB.waterC.books

()10..Lucywillshowussomenew____ofhers.

A.photoB.photosC.photoes

()11.Idranktwo______.A.bottlesofwaterB.bottleofwaterC.bottlesofwaters()12.Thecateatstwo_____lastnight.A.mousesB.miceC.mouse

()13.Ineedapenandsome_____.A.books

B.deskC.chair()14、Thereonthewall.Theyareverybeautiful.A.arephotoesB.arephotosC.isaphotoD.isphotos()15.Theresomeintheriver.A.is,fishB.are,fishsC.is,fishsD.are,fish()16.Theretwointhebox.A.iswatchB.arewatchesC.arewatchD.iswatches()17.Weshouldcleantwiceaday.A.ourtoothB.ourtoothsC.teethD.ourteeth()18.Our_____roomisnearthereadingroom.A.teacherB.teacher’sC.teachers()19.Tom

and

Jim

are

___.A:friends

B:friend

C:brother

D:sister

()20.How

many_____do

they

have?

A:picture

B:

pictures

C:a

picture三、用所给的单词的复数的正确形式填空：1>Therearethree______(chair)intheclassroom.2>These_______(tomato)arered.3>Mybrotherlooksaftertwo______(baby)4>Myfatherlikestoeat_______(potato).5>Chinese______(people)liketoeatnoodles.6>Ihavealotof______(toy)inmybedroom.7>Ihelpmymotherwash______(dish)inthekitchen.8>Ihavetwo______(pencil-box).9>Therearesome______(bus)inthestreet.10>Peterhaseight_____(foot).11>Lindahasthree_______(tooth).12>Therearesome______(child)inthegarden.13>Myuncleandfatherare_____(man).14>TomandKingare_____(boy).名词的所有格名词的所有格是表示名词之间的所有关系,有两种表示形式,一种是在名词后+'s；另一种是用of,表示"……的"。1.(1)一般词的所有格,直接在词尾+'s。eg.Mr.Mott'srobot,children'sclothes

(2)以s结尾的名词所有格只在词尾+'

eg.teachers'books

(3)两人共有的物体,则在第二个名词后+'s;如果分别是两人所有,则在每个名词后面+'s。eg.LucyandLily'sroom.(指两人共住一个房间)

MrsGreen'sandMrsBrown'sson.(指两人各自的儿子)

(4)表示某具体场所时,所有格后面的名词可省略

eg.thedoctor's(office)

Mr.White's2.(1)没有生命的事物一般用of短语来表示所属关系。

eg.thewalloftheclassroom，apictureofthebedroom，

(2)名词的的定语较长时,有生命的事物也可用of短语表示。

eg.alongstoryofa50-year-oldman(4)

双重所有格

eg.afriendofhis,

thebignoseofTom's(5)

有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的东西的名词，也可以加's来构成所有格。eg.tenminutes'walk,today'snewspaper例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！1.Theygotmuch_____fromthosenewbooks.

A.ideas

B.photos

C.news

D.stories

解析:much是用来修饰不可数名词的,ABD三个选项均是可是名词的复数形式,C项为不可数名词,因此选C.2.Ihavetwo_______andthreebottlesof_________here.

A.orange,orange

B.oranges,oranges

C.oranges,orange

D.orange,oranges解析:orange有两种含义,一种可数名词橘子,另一种是不可数名词橘汁,此题第一空应填可数名词,第二空填不可数名词,因此选C。3.EveryeveningMr.Kingtakesa_________to

hishome.

A.25minutes'walk

B.25minute'swalk

C.25minutewalk

D.25minuteswalk解析:句中的minute应该用其复数的所有格形式,只+',而不能+s,因此选A。4.Anold_______wantstoseeyou.

A.people

B.person

C.thepeople

D.theperson解析:person与people都有"人"的意思,但用法不同."一个人"用"aperson","两个人"用"twopersons";people泛指"人们"是集合名词,表示复数,thepeople指"人民",apeople指"一个民族".应选B。5.Helpyourselfto__________.

A.chickensandapples

B.chickensandapple

C.chickenandapple

D.chickenandapples解析:chicken可用作可数名词指小鸡,用作不可数名词指鸡肉,根据词题意应理解为鸡肉;apple为可数名词,故应+s,因此选D。6.Oh,dear.Iforgotthetwo_________.

A.room'snumber

B.rooms'number

C.roomnumbers

D.rooms'numbers解析:roomnumber房间号码.room可直接用作定语修饰后面的名词.类似的还有myphsicsteacher,

twobusdrivers等.

应选C。7.ShehasbeeninTianjinfortenyears.Tianjinhasbecomehersecond_________.

A.family

B.house

C.home

D.room解析:family指的是家庭或是家庭成员;house指的是房子(住所);room指的是房间;而home指的是家,因此选C.8.________motherscouldn'tgotothemeeting,becausetheyhavegonetoShanghai.

A.MaryandPeter's

B.MaryandPeter

C.Mary'sandPeter

D.Mary'sandPeter's解析:此句中"mothers"是复数,表示两个人各自的母亲,因此应选D。9.LiLeihasbeento__________manytimesthismonth.

A.heruncle

B.heruncle's

C.heruncles

D.aunt's解析:此句意为"李雷这个去她舅舅家多次".表示具体场所时,可省去所有格后面的名词.因此选B。10.Heisasuccessasaleaderbuthehasn't________inteaching.

A.manyexperiences

B.muchexperience

C.anexperience

D.alotexperience解析:experience

作"经验"讲时是不可数名词,作"经历"讲时是可数名词.本句中应理解为"经验",因此是不可数名词,排除AC.又因alotof,lotsof,plentyof只用于肯定句,不用于否定句,因此选B。11.Aclassmateof_________washeretenminutesago.

A.you

B.your

C.yoursister

D.yoursister's解析:此题考查名词的双重所有格.应选D。12.Agroupof_________aretalkingwithtwo___________.

A.Frenchmen,Germans

B.Germans,Frenchmans

C.Frenchmans,Germen

D.Germen,Frenchmen解析:

Frenchman是复合词,其复数形式为Frenchmen;German的复数为直接在单词末尾+S,应选A.13.Theteam________

havingameeting.

A.is

B.are

C.am

D.be解析:team是一个集合名词,即可表示复数意义(指整个小组),也可指小组中的成员(表示复数),此题意为后者,因此选B。14."Wouldyoulike_________?"

"________,please."A.drink,Threecoffees

B.acupofdrink,CoffeesC.adrink,Acoffee

D.adrink,Threecupsofcoffees解析:drink和coffee是不可数名词,可以用…of来表示数量,eg,threecupsofcoffee,当前面加a时,则表示"一杯"．因此选C。15.TheGreatWallwasmadenotonlyby_______,butalsothefleshandbloodof________men.

A.earthandstone,millionsof

B.earthsandstones,millions

C.theearthandstone,millionof

D.theearthsandstones,millions解析：earth是不可数名词，因此删除BD,数以百万的应为millionsof.因此选A。【练习与巩固】选择最佳答案：1．Lastnight,therewasafoodaccident.The_______wereill,butno_______werelost.A.child,lives

B.children,life

C.children,lives

D.child,life2.---Thisisaphotoof_________whentheywereyoung.

---OK,howhappytheybothlooked!

A.myfatherandmother

B.mymotherandfather's

C.mymother'sandfather's

D.myfather'sandmymother3.Thenewstudentisin__________,GradeTwo.

A.ClassThird

B.ThirdClass

C.ClassThree

D.Threeclass4.TodayisSeptember10th.It's__________Day.Let'sgoandbuysomeflowersforourteachers.

A.Teachers

B.Teachers'

C.theTeachers'

D.Teacher's5.Themarketisn'tfarfromhere.It'sonly_________bicycleride.

A.halfanhours'

B.halfanhour's

C.halfanhour

D.anhourandahalf6.---Whatwouldyouliketodrink,girls?

---_________,please.

A.Twocupofcoffee

B.Twocupsofcoffe

C.Twocupsofcoffee

D.Twocupsofcoffees7.DuringChristmas,peoplegettogetherandsingChristmassongsfor_________.

A.fun

B.wishes

C.interest

D.thanks8.Some_________areflyingkitesneartheriver.

A.child

B.boy

C.boys

D.childs9.Aftertheexam,we'llhave________holiday.

A.twoweeks

B.two-weeks

C.twoweeks'

D.twoweek's10.Theyarethose_________bags.Pleaseputthemonthebus.

A.visitor

B.visitors

C.visitor's

D.visitors'11.---Howmanyworkersarethereinyourfactory?

---Therearetwo___________.

A.hundreds

B.hundred

C.hundredof

D.hundredsof12.---Whatdoyouthinkofthe_______theMoonlightSonatabyBeethoven?

---Itsoundsreallywonderful.

A.subject

B.music

C.book

D.animal13.Thereisnotenough_________inthecornerforthefridge.

A.place

B.room

C.field

D.ground14._________comesfromsheepandsomepeoplelikeeatingitA.Wool

B.Pork

C.Mutton

D.Milk15.Ifyoudon'ttakemore________,you'llgetfat.A.medicine

B.lessons

C.photos

D.exercise16.Myschoolisabouttwenty________walkfromhere.

A.minute

B.minutes'

C.minutes's

D.minutes17.Mum,Ihave_______totellyou!

A.agoodnews

B.somegoodnews

C.somegoodnewes

D.muchgoodnews18.Whichisthe________tothepostoffice?

A.street

B.way

C.road

D.address19.Istayedat________lastSunday.

A.myuncles

B.myuncles'

C.myuncle's

D.myuncle'sfamily20.Maths________noteasytolearn.

A.are

B.is

C.am

D.were1-5

CBCBB

6-10CACCD

11-15ABBCD

16-20BBBCBI.名词所有格练习.__________________________(李明的父母)workinabighospital.Thisis__________________________________(我妹妹的语文书)__________________________________(双胞胎的卧室)areverynice.______________________________(王平和王明的父亲)isahotelmanager.Isthis___________________________________(你的好朋友的钢笔)?Theyare___________________________________(Peter和Sam的老师).___________________________(教师节)isonSeptember10th.___________________________________(学生们的桌椅)areverynew.Weareveryhappyon____________________________________(儿童节).Heisin_________________________________(老师的办公室)now.Pleaseopen______________________________________(教室的门).____________________________(赵敏的鞋)arewhite._________________________________(林红和张蔚的学校)isbigandnew.________________________________(John和Sally的母亲)areAmerican._____________________________(刘伟的妻子的朋友)isfromGuangzhou.______________________________(Tony哥哥的电脑)isbroken.It’s_____________________________(妇女节)onMarch8th.Arethese________________________________________(男生们的书包)?Thatis_______________________________________(Tom和李雷的教室).______________________________________(我父亲的和她父亲的朋友)arefromBeijing.II.名词复数形式和数词的练习.Thereare_________________________________(58个学生)inourclass.Thereare________________________________(65个班级)inourschool.Ihave____________________________(13本书)inmyschoolbag.Arethere_______________________________(73套桌椅)inthisclassroom.There’re______________________________(27个男生)and_______________________________(31个女生)inmyclass.Thereare__________________________________(15台电脑)inthatroom.Mygrandmais_______________________________(82岁).Thereare________________________________(44位女老师)inherschool.Thereare__________________________(94位男医生)inthatbighospital,Icansee__________________________________(几只鸟)inthetree.______________________________(多少幅画)arethereinyoubedroom?Ihave________________________________(3本字典).Canyousee________________________________(一些风筝)inthesky?Ourschoolhas_________________________________(2个图书馆).Thereare___________________________________(12个月)inayear.Paul’sfatheris_____________________________________(57岁).Thereare______________________________(13辆公共汽车)onthestreet.Wecansee__________________________________(18个妇女)overthere.Thereare___________________________________(22个孩子)intheroom.Icansee____________________________________(六杯茶)onthetable.III.用some和any填空.Ihave_____________goodfriendsinmyclass.Isthere____________waterinthebottle?Doyouhave____________________money?Theydon’thave______________timetogothere.Thereare________________cakesonthetable.Idon’thave__________________milkforbreakfast.Doeshehave______________brothersorsisters?Therearen’t_____________picturesonthewall.CanIask____________________questions?Arethere________flowersinyouclassroom?No,therearen’t_________.Wehave____________apples,butwedon’thave____________pears.Isthere__________orangejuic