八年级上册语法专题之

八年级上册语法专题之——形容词副词的比较级与最高级形容词分为三种等级:原级,比较级与最高级。一、形容词的原级及用法◆形容词的原级(形容词本来面目不作变化)1.可以修饰原级的词:very、quite、enough(“足够”,用在形容词后)soprettytoohowrather(相当)(not)as…as(“(不)像…一样”,同级比较)notso…as(“不像…一样”,同级比较)]二、形容词比较级最高级变化规则②以字母e结尾的词只加r或st③重读闭音节双写辅音字母再加er或estbig—bigger—biggesthot—hotter—hottestwet—wetter—wettestthin—thinner—thinnestred—redder—reddestfat—fatter—fattestsad—sadder—saddest④以辅音字母+y结尾的词把y变i再加er或est

easy—easier—easiestearly—earlier—earliestfunny—funnier—funniesthappy—happier—happiestheavy—heavier—heaviestdirty—dirtier—dirtiest⑤多音节词、部分双音节词(特别是ful结尾及v.+ed/ing构成的形容词)及个别单音节词(fun)在前面加more或mostinterestingimportantdifficultexcitiedtiredcarefulpopularexpensiveboringfun⑥不规则变化old——older——oldest(年龄大的,与than连用)old—elder—eldest(“年长的”,只作定语不与than连用)far——farther——farthest(距离远)far——further——furthest(除距离外,还指程度上更进一步的)★★口诀：合二为一共三对,“坏、病”、“两多”并“两好”；一分为二有两个，一是“远来”、二是“老”；还有一词含双义，只记“少”来不记“小”。◆副词比较级和最高级的变化规则大致与此相同三、比较级用法1.表示两者之间进行比较,“更…”2.可以修饰比较级的词:much=alot(…得多)alittle=abit(…一点点)even(甚至)far(远远…)any(丝毫,稍微,用于否定和疑问句中)3.比较级标志:thanor4.形容词比较级句式:①A+be+形容词的比较级+than+B.(A比B…)②Which/Who+be+形容词比较级,AorB?(哪个/谁更…,A还是B？)5.副词比较级句式:①A＋实义动词＋副词的比较级＋thanB.(A…得比B…)②Which/Who+实义动词三单,AorB?(哪个/谁…得更…,A还是B？)6.比较级特殊用法:①the+比较级+ofthetwo…——“两者中较…的”他是两个男孩中较高的。He’sthetallerofthetwoboys.②“比较级+and+比较级”或“moreandmore+多音节词”——“越来越…”他越来越高。He’stallerandtaller.③The+比较级…,the+比较级…——“越…,越…”你越快乐就越美丽。Thehappieryouare,themorebeautifulyouare.④not+比较级+than…——“不如…,不比…”no+比较级+than…——“一样都不…”Youarenottallerthanme.你不比我高。Youarenotallerthanme.你和我一样都不高。⑤比较级+thananyother+sig.+in+同一范围——“比同一范围中其他任何一个更…”比较级+thanany+sig.+in+非同一范围——“比非同一范围中任何一个更…”She’snicerthananyothergirlinherclass.她比班里其他任何一个女孩都漂亮。(主语本身就在比较范围之中,因此是在同一范围就主语与其他任何一个比较)She’snicerthananygirlinhersister’sclass.她比她妹妹班里任何一个女孩都漂亮。(主语不在该较范围之中,因此主语可以与该范围内任何一个作比较)◆该用法虽然出现了in所引导的比较范围但是仍要用比较级,此成为用比较级表示最高级,实质是最高级。四、最高级用法1.表示三者或三者以上的比较,“最…”2.形容词最高级前必须加the,副词前的the可以省略。3.最高级标志:inofor4.句式:①the+最高级+(n.)+in+比较范围我是我们班最聪明的。I’mthecleverestinourclass.②the+最高级+(n.)+of+同类事物这本书是所有书中最有趣的。Thebookisthemostinterestingofallthebooks.③Which/Who+v.(单数)+最高级,A,BorC?Jay,Will和JJ谁最收欢迎？Whoisthemostpopular,Jay,WillorJJ?比较级的基本用法及常用句型结构（1）含义：两个人或事物之间的比较（2）标志词：than（比）★★①可以修饰比较级的副词：much（…得多）a

little(一点儿)a

lot（…得多）a

bit(一点儿)far（…得多）even(甚至)

still(仍然)rather(更)

eg:Lesson

One

is

much

easier

than

Lesson

Two.第一课比第二课容易得多。

Tom

looks

alittleyounger

than

before.汤姆比以前年轻一点。

She

drives

still

more

carefully

than

her

husband.她开车仍然比她丈夫还认真。

②比较级常用的句型结构

★考点1.“A+比较级+than+B”表示:“A比B…”eg:Tom

is

taller

than

Kate.汤姆比凯特高。

I

get

up

earlier

than

my

mother

every

morning.我每天早晨起床比我妈妈还早。★考点2.“A+比较级+than+any

other+单数名词”，表示：“A比其他任何一个都……”，（含义是:同一范围内比较，甲最……”。）

eg:The

Yangtze

River

is

longer

than

any

other

river

in

China.

=The

Yangtze

River

is

the

longest

river

in

China.长江是中国最长的河流。【注意：加other(其它的)，其功用为避免和本身做比较。The

Yangtze

Riveris

longer

than

any

river

in

Japan.长江比日本的任何一条河都长。】★考点3.““比较级+and+比较级”,表示:“越来越……”。

eg:He

is

getting

taller

and

taller.他变得越来越高了。

Thestorybecamemoreandmoreinteresting.这故事变得越来越有趣了。He

does

his

homework

more

and

more

carefully.他做作业越来越认真了。【注：多音节形容词或副词表示“越来越…”用：more

and

more

+adj/adv原级】★考点4.““the+比较级，the+比较级”,表示:“越……，越……”。

eg:Themore,thebetter.越多越好。Themoreweget,thehappierwe'llbe.我们得到越多就越快乐。★考点5.““特殊疑问词+比较级，AorB？”

eg:Which

is

bigger，the

earth

or

the

moon？哪一个大，地球还是月球？

Who

draws

better，Jenny

or

Danny？谁画得比较好，詹妮还是丹尼？★考点6.”of+the+比较范围，…+the+比较级…”eg:OfthetwoAustralianstudents,Mashais________one.在两个澳大利亚人当中，玛莎比较高。最高级的基本用法及常用句型结构（1）用法：三者或三者以上的人或事物之间的比较。①in+短语（在…之中）（2）标志词：②of+短语（在…当中）

考点①.主语+the+最高级+in/of短语”表示:“……是……中最……的”。

eg:Tom

is

the

tallest

in

his

class./of

all

the

students.汤姆是他们班上/所有学生当中最高的。This

apple

is

the

biggest

of

the

five.这个苹果是五个当中最大的。

I

jump

(the)

farthest

in

my

class.我是我们班跳得最远的。【注：形容词的最高级前通常加定冠词the,副词的最高级前定冠词the通常可以省略】考点②“主语+be+oneofthe+形容词最高级+复数名词，表示：“…是…中最…之一”。eg:Beijing

is

one

of

the

largest

cities

in

China.北京是中国最大城市之一。

考点③.“特殊疑问词+the+最高级+甲，乙，or丙？”用于三者及以上的比较。

eg:Which

country

is

the

largest，China，Brazil

or

Canada？哪一个国家最大，中国，巴西还是加拿大？Which

season

do

you

like

(the)

best，spring，summer

or

autumn？你最喜欢哪一个季节，春天，夏天还是秋天？【注意：两者之间用比较级；三者(或以上)用最高级】形容词、副词的原级比较（1）用法：两者就同一事物进行比较。肯定句：as+形容词原形+as表示：与......一样（2）句型结构否定句：notso/as+形容词原形as表示：......不如......eg:Sheisastallashersister.（她和她姐姐一样高。）Herunsnotso/asfastashisclassmates.（他跑得不如他的同学们快。）一、单项选择1.Ifeeltired,soIwanttogotobed____tonight.A.earlyB.earlierC.lateD.later2.Thefoodofourcountryis___thanthatofwesterncountries.A.rathergoodthanB.muchbetterthanC.morebetterthanD.sogoosas3.Theiceinthelakeisas____asitwasbefore.A.thinB.thinnerC.thinnestDthethinnest4.Whois_____runningstarinyourschool?A.famousB.morefamousC.themostfamousD.lessfamous5.—Whichseasondoyoulike_____?—Summer.A.goodB.wellC.thebetterD.best6.Lucy’spenis___nicerthanyours.A.tooB.moreC.quiteD.alittle7.—Isyourbrotherasoutgoingasyou?—No,he’saquietboy.Heis________.A.lessoutgoingthanmeB.notsocalmasIC.moreoutgoingthanmeD.asoutgoingasI8.—Howareyoutoday?—Much____.A.goodB.wellC.betterD.thebest9.Tom’scardisnewerthan____.A.ourB.herC.myD.his10.___ismorebeautifulthanroses.A.NootherflowerB.NoanotherflowerC.NototherflowerD.Notallflowers11.Marystudiesharder______inherclass.

A.asanyoneB.thananyothergirlC.thantheotherD.thananyone二、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空1.Heis3timesas_____(old)asme.2.I’mtootiredtogoany_________.(far)3.Whois_____,LilyorLucy?4.Tomisthe_______(heavy)ofthethree.5.Tomisthe_______ofthetwoboys.6.Russiais_______(large)thananyothercountryintheworld.7.Hiscomputeristhe_______________(expensive)ofall.8.Youarepretty___________(beautiful).9.Thebookis____________(useful)thanthatone.10.Who’sthe_________(healthy),you,heorshe?11.How______(small)theshirtis!Iwanta________(big)one.12.Youhave_______(short)and______(curly)hairthanSusan.13.Isthisstreetalot______(noisy)thanthatone?14.Ifeelmuch_____________(excited)now.15.Soccerisbecoming_____and_______________(popalar)inChina.16.Mysisterdoesn’twriteas_____(good)asIdo.17.The______(much)youpractice,the______(good)yourEnglishwillbe.18.Nootheranimalis_______(scary)thanasnake.19.Mathisless________(difficult)thanEnglish.20.Whata_______(funny)boy!21.You’re_______(bad)atsportsthanme.22.It’sthethird_______(long)riverinChina形容词、副词（原级、比较级和最高级）练习A部分I用适当形式填空：1.Bobis_________(young)thanFredbut___________(tall)thanFred.2.YingTianisnotas___________(tall)asYongXian.3.Almostallthestudents'facesarethesamebutLiDeminglooks_______(fat)thanbeforetheholidays,4.Whichis_________(heavy),ahenorachicken?5.--How_________(tall)isSally?--She's1.55metres________(tall).WhataboutXiaoling?She'sonly1.40metres_____(tall).Sheismuch___(short)thanSally.Sheisalsothe___(short)girlintheclass.6.Heis_____(bad)atlearningmaths.Heismuch_____(bad)atChineseandheisthe_______(bad)atEnglish.7.AnniesaysSallyisthe________(kind)personintheworld.8.Heisoneofthe_________(friendly)peopleintheclass,Ithink.9.Adictionaryismuch_________(expensive)thanastory-book.10.Anorangeisalittle______(big)thananapple,butmuch________(small)thanawatermelon.11.TheChangjiangRiveristhe_______(long)riverinChina.12.Sueisalittle________(beautiful)thanhersister.13.Myroomisnotas_________(big)asmybrother's.14.--Howdifficultisphysics?--I'mnotsure.--Isit________(difficult)thanmaths?--Idon’tthinkso.15.Annieplaysthepianovery_____(well).Sueplaysit___(well)thanAnnie.AndSallyplaysitthe____(well).16.Saturdayismy_________(busy)dayinaweek.17.Hermotherisgetting____________(fat)and________(fat).18.Ithinkit’stooexpensive.I’dlikea_____________(cheap)one.19.Hecomestoschoolmuch____________(early)thanI.20.Thisbookisnotas_____________(interesting)asthatone.21.Yourclassroomis__________(wide)and_________(bright)thanours.22.Practiseas__________(much)asyoucan.23.The________(much),the____________(good).24.NowadaysEnglishis_________(important)thananyothersubject,1think.25.Mostofthestudentsthinkalionismuch________(dangerous)thanabearanditisthe______(dangerous)animalintheworld.II改错：1.HeisastallerasIam.2.Sheisalittlethinerthanshelooks.3.Bobisheavierthananyotherboysintheclass.4.Thegirlsstudythebetterthantheboy.5.ItisoneofthemostinterestingbookthanIhaveeverread.6.HesaysMaryismostfriendliestpersonintheclass.7.Whichcityismo