SAT语法Improving Sentences部分详解

SAT语法ImprovingSentences部分详解1.简洁原则because比becauseof，awareof，considering；主动>被动；直接>间接；动词〉名词。例：Anitalikedtowatchtelevision,ofwhichshefoundthescienceprogramsespeciallyfascinating.(A)television,ofwhichshefoundthescienceprogramsespeciallyfascinating(B)television;shefoundthescienceprogramsespeciallyfascinating(C)television,anditwasespeciallythescienceprogramsthatwereoffascination(D)television;thefascinationofthescienceprogramsespecially(E)television,especiallyfascinatingtoherweretheprograms2.runon句型SVO，SVO两个句子相连：SVO，conjSVO或者SVO；SVO副词和介词不能连接两个句子：SVO，advSVO或者SVO，prepSVOadv：①以ly结尾的词；②词根判断法；③however,thus,hence,then,also,even练习：SVO,thusSVO.SVO,howeverSVO.SVO,butSVO.SVO,althoughSVO.SVO;thereforeSVO.SVO;butSVO.SVO;althoughSVO.例：Sincesome(A)peopleareconvincedthat(B)dowsing,amethodoffindingundergroundwaterwithaY-shapedstick,iseffective,butotherscondemntheprocedureas(C)meresuperstition(D).Noerror(E)（P602.24）1,Manystudentsworkafterschoolandonweekends,consequentlytheydonothavemuchtimefordoingtheirhomework.A,weekends,consequentlytheydonothaveB,weekends,theydonothaveC,weekends,asaconsequencetheydonothaveD,weekends,thereforetheydonothaveE,weekends;consequently,theydonothave2.Eventheplay’smostminorcharactersworktogetherwithextraordinaryskill,theirinterplaycreatesamovingtheatricalexperience.A,theirinterplaycreatesamovingtheatricalexperience.B,amovingtheatricalexperienceiscreatedbytheirinterplayC,andtheirinterplaycreatesamovingtheatricalexperience.D,andamovingtheatricalexperiencebeingthecreationoftheirinterplayE,withtheirinterplaytheycreateamovingtheatricalexperience.3.逻辑主语Logicsubjectdoing/done···，SVO.adj./adv.，SVO4.having，being自杀词：在句子中充当时态的组成部分。正确：放在句首大写。例：Havingbeenavictimofmaliciousrumors,Helenpurposelyavoidedgossips.（P954.3）(A)Havingbeenavictimofmaliciousrumors(B)Herbeingavictimofmaliciousrumors(C)Herhavingbeenvictimizedbymaliciousrumors(D)Becausebeingavictimofmaliciousrumors(E)Becausehavingbeenavictimofmaliciousrumors5.时态tense6.单复数singular&plural5、6常常合在一起考，从动词开始划线7.平行结构parallelstructure①doing,doing,anddoing/名词，名词，and名词②两者之间的平行例：Mostdriversknownotonlythatexcessivespeedingonhighwayswastesgasoline,butalsothatitisdangerous.（P678.13）(A)knownotonlythatexcessivespeedingonhighwayswastes(B)knowthatexcessivespeedingonhighwayscouldbewastefulof(C)areknowledgeablethatexcessivespeedingonhighwaysnotonlywastes(D)haveknownthatexcessivespeedingonhighwayswastesnotonly(E)knowthatexcessivespeedingonhighwaysnotonlybyitselfcanwaste③同类相比较8.固定用法sothat，justas…so，hadhardly…when，nosooner…than，…not…anymore…例：ThenewregulationshavesocomplicatedtheprocessofformulatingaschoolbudgettowherenooneontheBoardofEducationiseagertoundertakethetask.（P430.6）(A)budgettowhere(B)budget,therefore(C)budget,even(D)budgetas(E)budgetthat例：JustasIrelandhasproducedmanyfamouswritersandtheNetherlandsonabundanceoffamouspainters,soFinlandhasprovidedalargenumberoffamousarchitects.（P775.10）(A)soFinlandhasprovidedalargenumberoffamousarchitects(B)Finlandprovidesfamousarchitects,andbylargenumbers(C)Finland’scontributionistoprovidedfamousarchitectsinalargenumber(D)andsothen,forFinland,alargenumberoffamousarchitectsisprovided(E)andlikethemFinlandhasprovidedalargenumberoffamousarchitects例：NosoonerhadAndreadelSartotraveledtoFrancetoworkfortheFrenchkingbuthiswifepersuadedhimtoreturntoItaly.（P676.4）(A)buthiswifepersuadedhimtoreturn(B)buthiswifehadhimpersuadedintoreturning(C)thanhewaspersuadedbyhiswifethathewillreturn(D)buthewaspersuadedbyhiswifeintoreturning(E)thanhiswifepersuadedhimtoreturn例：ChaplinwillnotberememberedforespousingradicalcausesanymorethantheywillrememberWayneforendorsingconservativepoliticalcandidates.（P677.6）(A)anymorethantheywillrememberWayne(B)aswillWaynenotberemembered(C)anymorethanWaynewillbeenremember(D)justastheywillnotrememberWayne(E)nomorethanWaynewillberemembered9.双主语NSVO/N,SVO/N,S,VO。例：TheBasquelanguage,possiblyoneofEurope’soldest,whoseoriginsarehotlydebated.（P863.10）(A)TheBasquelanguage,possiblyoneofEurope’soldest,whoseoriginsarehotlydebated.(B)TheBasquelanguage,possiblyoneofEurope’soldest,itsoriginsarehotlydebated.(C)PossiblyoneofEurope’soldestlanguages,theoriginsofBasquearehotlydebated.(D)TheoriginsoftheBasquelanguage,possiblyoneofEurope’soldest,arehotlydebated.(E)BasqueishotlydebatedasalanguagewhoseoriginsarepossiblyEurope’soldest.10.同位语优先主语，…，VO1.ThecomethasrecentlychangeddirectiontowardJupiter,whichisleadingscientiststowonderaboutthecompositionoftheobject.(A)whichisleadingscientiststowonderabout(B)thisdevelopmentleadingscientiststowonderabout(C)andwithitscientists’wonderof(D)adevelopmentleadingscientiststowonderabout(E)thisleadingscientiststowonderon2.Therare-earthmetaldysprosium,beingamemberofthelanthanideseries,andisingroupIIIboftheperiodictable.(A)dysprosium,beingamemberofthelanthanideseries,andisingroupIIIboftheperiodictable(B)dysprosiumisamemberofthelanthanideseries,itisingroupIIIboftheperiodictable(C)dysprosium,amemberofthelanthanideseries,isingroupIIIboftheperiodictable(D)dysprosiumisingroupIIIboftheperiodictablebeingamemberofthelanthanideseries(E)dysprosium,tobeamemberofthelanthanideseries,isingroupIIIboftheperiodictable3.Bythetimeshewastwenty-one,JaneAustenhadbegunwritinganovelwhichsheinitiallytitledFirstImpressionsandwhichshelatercalledPrideandPrejudice,thisisabookthatmanyfansconsiderherbestwork.(A)thisisabookthatmanyfansconsiderherbestwork(B)sincemanyfansconsiderthisherbestwork(C)thebestworkthatmanyfansconsideredittobe(D)abookthatmanyfansconsiderherbestwork(E)itisconsideredbymanyfansasherbestwork4.Atonlyfour-feet-eightinchesandninety-fourpounds,asmallframebeingnecessaryforagymnast,MaryLouRettoncapturedtheheartsoftheAmericanpeopleandwonagoldmedalinthe1984OlympicGames.(A)asmallframebeingnecessaryforagymnast(B)havingasmallframenecessaryforagymnast(C)beingsmallframenecessaryforagymnast(D)asmallframenecessaryforagymnast(E)becausehersmallframeisnecessarilyforgymnasts11．代词pronoun（it,they,their,which,that）①singular&plural；②不能pro-verb,per-sentence；例：Duringthelabordispute,barrelsofpotatoeswereemptiedacrossthehighway,andtheytherebyblockedittoalltraffic.（P599.4）(A)highway,andtheytherebyblockedittoalltraffic(B)highwayandtherebyblockingittoalltraffic(C)highway,bywhichalltrafficwasthereforeblocked(D)highway,andthereforethishadalltrafficblocked(E)highway,therebyblockingalltraffic③不能pro-none;④ambiguoususage;⑤一个句子有两个同样的指代，成立前提是必须指代同一内容――plague原则例：Thelawyersrepresentingtheparking-lotoperatorsassertedastothedefensibilityoftheirpracticesaslegalandethical.（P615.6）(A)astothedefensibilityoftheirpracticesaslegalandethical(B)astotheirpracticesandtheirdefensibilityonlegalandethicalgrounds(C)thattheirpractices,thatistheoperators,aredefensibleinlegaltermsaswellasethics(D)thatinregardstodefensibilitytheirpracticesarelegallyandethicallydefensible(E)thatthepracticesoftheoperatorsarelegallyandethicallydefensible12.S，…，V＋O错误用法：S,...,doing+OS,...,which/that+OS,...,and+v.+OS,...,he/she+v.+O例：Theproblemofwaterpollution,frequentlycompoundedincertainareasbecausethetreatmentandreleaseofindustrialwastesarenotadequatelyregulated.（P954.2）(A)pollution,frequentlycompoundedincertainareasbecause(B)pollution,frequentlycompoundedincertainareasand(C)pollution,frequentlycompoundedincertainareaswhen(D)pollutionisfrequentlycompoundedincertainareaswhere(E)pollutionisfrequentlycompoundedincertainareasand13.S+V+O；S+V+O→S+V+O；it+V+Oit只能指代上一句话的主语。S+V+O，which…S+V+O，ving/ved…例：Conners,apublishingandmediaservicescompany,isacquiringDispatchEducation,itmanufacturesschooluniforms.（P599.2）(A)DispatchEducation,itmanufactures(B)DispatchEducation,whichmanufactures(C)DispatchEducation,manufacturing(D)DispatchEducation,itismanufacturing(E)DispatchEducation,forthemanufacturingof例：Manycommunitiesinmystateareformingneighborhoodwatchprograms,foritwilldetercriminals.（P739.10）(A)programs,foritwilldeter(B)programs,inwhichitwilldeter(C)programsthatwilldeter(D)programsforthedeterrenceof(E)programsbeingabletodeter例：Itishardforsomeyoungpeopletobelievethatwomenwereatonetimenotadmittedtosomecolleges,buttheyhavesincebecomecoeducational.（P802.8）(A)colleges,buttheyhavesincebecomecoeducational(B)colleges,buttheyarenowcoeducational(C)colleges,andhavesincebecomecoeducational(D)collegesthathavesincebecomecoeducational(E)colleges,sincebecomingcoeducational例：WhenCatherinetheGreathadamagnificentdinnerserviceofSevresporcelainmadeforher,shewasscandalizedbyitsgreatcost,whichbecamethesubjectofprolongedcontroversy.（P987.8）(A)whichbecame(B)soitwastobe(C)witharesultthatitwasdestinedtobecome(D)thereforebecoming(E)consequentlyitwouldbecome排三剩二时口诀：有A选A，无A选短。定语从句>分词短语>平行句14.thereason…bethat①thereason…bethat②thereason…because例：Themainreasonsstudentsgiveforfailingtoparticipateinthepoliticalprocessisthattheyhavedemandingassignmentsandworkatpart-timejobs.（P600.6）(A)isthattheyhavedemandingassignmentsandworkat(B)aredemandingassignmentsandtheyworkat(C)arethattheyhavedemandingassignmentsandthattheyworkat(D)ishavingdemandingassignmentsandhavingtoworkat(E)aredemandingassignments,inadditiontoworkingat例：Thechestnut,liketheoak,iscalledanimmortaltree,thereasonisthatthetruckandrootsremainaliveevenafterthetreehasbeenfelled.（P955.6）(A)tree,thereasonisthatthetruckandrootsremain(B)tree,whichhasatruckandrootsthatareremaining(C)tree,thetruckofwhichandtherootsremain(D)treebecauseitstruckandrootsremain(E)tree,whosetrunkandrootsareremaining例：Thereasonforthecontinuedpopularityofcountry-westernperformersisthatitdrawsonexperiencewithwhichalmosteveryonecanidentify（P955.10）(A)thatitdrawson(B)thattheirmusicdrawson(C)becausethemusicdrawson(D)becauseofthemdrawingfrom(E)theywilldrawfrom1.Rogerhadjustwalkedintohisofficeandthatwaswhenhewastoldthathisplanhadfinallybeenapproved.andthatwaswhenhewastoldandthenhelearnedwhenitwaslearnedbyhimandthentheytoldhimwhenhelearn2.Burdenedwiththreepiecesofluggageandapairofskis,Sarah’ssearchforabaggagecartwasdesperate.Sarah’ssearchforabaggagecartwasdesperateSarah’sdesperatesearchwasforabaggagecartabaggagecartwaswhatSarahdesperatelysearchedforabaggagecartforwhichSarahdesperatelysearchedSarahsearcheddesperatelyforabaggagecart例：Ofallthestatesrepresentedattheconference,thegovernorofMissouriwastheonlyonetopresentplansforenforcingthenewregulations.（P740.14）(A)thegovernorofMissouriwastheonlyonetopresent(B)makingthegovernorfromMissouritheonlyonetopresent(C)Missouri’sgovernoronlypresented(D)Missouri’sgovernorpresentedtheonly(E)Missouriwastheonlyonewhosegovernorpresented3.Karen,James,andSamwerehikingwhen,stumblingoverarock,hefelldownasteepembankment.when,stumblingoverarock,hefelldownasteepembankmentandthenhefelldownasteepembankmentafterhestumbledoverarockwhenSamfelldownasteepembankmentafterstumblingoverarockwhenSamfelldownasteepembankment,sincehestumbledoverarockand,sincehestumbledoverarock,hefelldownasteepembankment4.Byattractingnewindustrywhentheoldfactoryclosed,thecouncilkepttheeconomyofthetownfromcollapsing,thiswasadisastermanyworkershadfeared.thiswasadisastermanyworkershadfearedbecausemanyworkershadfearedadisastertthefearmanyworkershadwouldbeadisasteradisasterthatmanyworkershadfeareditwasfearedbymanyworkersasadisaster5.Ahealthyeconomycanbemeasurednotonlybythegrowthofbusinessbutithasapsychologicaleffectonpeople.ithasaaswellinthealsobythealsotheinthewayofhavinga6.Today’spoliticalcandidatesmayreachwideaudiencesbyappearingontelevision,butold-fashionedbarnstormingstillhasvaluebecauseitallowstheelectoratetomeetcandidatesfacetoface.television,butold-fashionedbarnstormingstillhasvaluebecauseitallowstelevision,butold-fashionedbarnstormingstillwouldhavevaluebecauseofallowingtelevision;however,thereisstillvalueinold-fashionedbarnstormingbyallowingtelevision,old-fashionedbarnstormingstillhavingvaluebecauseitallowstelevision,whenold-fashionedbarnstormingstillhasvalueinallowing7.Linguisticresearchoftenrequiresfieldworkwheretheycanstudyandrecordthespokendialectsofaregion.wheretheythroughwhichtheyandthelinguistduringwhichthelinguistwhichthey8.Theprimatologisthasarguedthatsustainedobservationofafewanimalsprovidesbetterbehavioraldatathandoesintermittentobservationofmanyvidesbetterbehavioraldatathandoesintermittentobservationofmanyanimalsprovidesbetterbehavioraldatathanmanyanimalsareobservedintermittentlyprovidingbetterbehavioraldatathandoesintermittentobservationofmanyanimalsdoprovidebetterbehavioraldatathanintermittentobservationofmanyanimalsdoincontrasttointermittentobservationofmanyanimals,providesbetterbehavioraldata例：Ofthefollowing,whichisthebestversionoftheunderlinedportionofsentence