2024-2025学年新教材高中英语课时素养评价十三Unit5WorkingtheLandReadingandThinking含解析新人教版选择性必修第一册

PAGE十三Unit5ReadingandThinkingⅠ.单句语法填空1.IhavefourchildrenandIcontinually(continue)learnnewthingsfromthem.2.Theherointhenovelisaselfishbusinessmanwhosewholeeffortandlifearedevotedtoearningmoremoney.3.Weareworkingontheassumption(assume)thateveryoneinvitedwillturnup.4.Mikefoundachallenging(challenge)jobasacomputerprogrammerinabigcompany.5.Hehasbeenwiththecompanysinceitscreation(create)in1989.6.Allvarieties(variety)ofgoodsfordailyuseareavailable.7.OnceYuanLongpingenvisionedriceplantsastallassorghum.8.Moststudentshavetolookforjobsafteruniversitygraduation(graduate).9.Ittakespatiencetoeducate(educate)children.

10.Hewilltryhisbesttohelpthembymeansofhisconventional(convention)medicalknowledge.Ⅱ.选词填空domesticfarmingcelebrityestimateconvinceshortagesolutiongenerateadvanceleisure1.Joannahasfinallymadeittothefirstrankofcelebrityafter25yearsasanactress.2.Poorpreparationandshortageofequipmentaccountedfortheirfailureofclimbingtothetopofthemountain.3.Thefirsthybridricewasusedforfarmingin1974.4.Itisestimatedthatabout1,000peopleattendedthecitymarathon.5.Womenarestillthemainvictimsofdomesticviolence.6.Asolutiontoaproblemordifficultsituationisawayofdealingwithitsothatthedifficultyisremoved.7.I’mnotgoingtobelieveitmyself,nevermindconvinceanyoneelse.8.Thecompany,NewEnglandElectric,burnscoaltogeneratepower.9.IliketogotothecinemawhenIhaveleisuretime.10.Thegentleman,despitehisadvancedyears,helpedKathrynbacktoherseat.Ⅲ.依据提示翻译句子1.袁隆平,被誉为“杂交水稻之父”,是中国最闻名的科学家之一。(knowas)YuanLongping,(whois)knownas“thefatherofhybridrice”,isoneofChina’smostfamousscientists.

2.袁隆平的父母希望他从事科学或医学事业。(wantsb.todo)YuanLongping’sparentswantedhimtopursueacareerinscienceormedicine.

3.1953年毕业后,他担当探讨员。(afterdoing)Aftergraduatingin1953,heworkedasaresearcher.

4.袁隆平的创新不仅帮助养活了中国,还帮助养活了很多其他依靠大米的国家,如印度和越南。(notjust...but)YuanLongping’sinnovationhashelpedfeednotjustChina,butmanyothercountriesthatdependonriceaswell,suchasIndiaandVietnam.

5.应当有一个你可以向他寻求任何建议的人。(therebe)Thereshouldbesomeonetowhomyoucanturnforanyadvice.

Ⅰ.阅读理解ASeawaterricetestyieldholdspromiseforharshlandsByMaoWeihuaandZhengCaixionginUrumuqi|chinadaily.com.cn|Updated:2024-11-1917:01Theseawaterrice,developedbyagriculturalscientistYuanLongpingandhisteam,achievedatheoreticalyieldof546.74kilogramspermu(0.07hectares)inapaddyinYopurgacounty,XinjiangUygurautonomousregion.Thefigurewasannouncedafterastrictandpublicevaluationlastmonthbyaproductiontestingexpertgroup,whichconsistedoffourrenownedriceexperts.YuanLongping’sresearchteam,whichstartedplantingriceinthesaline-alkalifieldin2024,expandedtheirexperimentalricefieldtomorethan20hectaresthisyearinthecounty,locatednearChina’slargestdesert,theTaklimakan.Thericeoutputfromtheexperimentalricefieldindicatedthatthesaline-alkalilandcanbetransformedintogoodricefieldsinthreetofiveyears,saidWangQi,anexpertwithYuanLongping’sresearchteam.Thetrialplottogrowtheseawaterriceisofaheavysaline-alkalinature,withsalinitycomingtomorethan17per1,000partsandthepHvaluereachingover8.0,buttheseawaterricehastheeffectofimprovingthesoilandreducingthesaline-alkalicontent,Wangsaid.【文章大意】本文是一篇摘自《中国日报》的新闻报道,主要介绍了袁隆平和他的探讨团队研发的“海水稻”胜利通过专家测试。1.Whoreportedthenews?A.WangQi.B.YuanLongping.C.YuanLongping’sresearchteam.D.MaoWeihuaandZhengCaixiong.【解析】选D。细微环节理解题。本文是新闻报道,依据标题下面的斜体字部分可知,介绍新闻稿来源,由《中国日报》记者毛卫华和郑彩雄报道。本题考查学生的“看”的实力,要求学生学会在网页、报刊上搜寻所需信息。2.What’stheadvantageofseawaterrice?A.Itachievedayieldof546.74kgperhectare.B.Itcanbeplantedinthesaline-alkalifield.C.Itdoesn’tneedsomuchsunlight.D.Itcanbeplantedeverywhere.【解析】选B。细微环节理解题。第一段提到海水稻的理论产量达到546.74kilogramspermu,而不是perhectare,因此A项错误,C和D文中未提到,第三段提到海水稻的试验就是在saline-alkalifield进行的,第四段也有提及。3.WhendidtheseawaterricebegintobeplantedinXinjiangbyYuanLongpingandhisteam?A.Lastmonth. B.In2024.C.InNovember,2024. D.InOctober.【解析】选B。细微环节理解题。依据第三段中的第一句YuanLongping’sresearchteam,whichstartedplantingriceinthesaline-alkalifieldin2024...可知,海水稻是在2024年起先试验种植的。4.Wheredoesthispassageprobablycomefrom?A.Aguidebook. B.ATVprogram.C.Awebsite. D.Atextbook.【解析】选C。文章出处题。依据Updated:2024-11-1917:01可知,本文是2024-11-1917:01上传更新的,因此可推断文章很可能来自一个网站。BEverysummer,myfamilyandIvisitourrelativesinIndiaandwheneverwetravel,myparentsalwaysremindmetodrinkonlybottledorboiledwater.OnoneofmytripstoIndia,Isawchildrendrinkingwaterfromtheroadside.Iwastroubledtolearnthatmillionsofpeople,mostofthemchildrenindevelopingcountries,dieeachyearbecauseofwaterrelateddiseases.LivingintheUS,Iamluckytobeabletoturnonthetapandgetpotablewater(饮用水),whileonesixthoftheworld’spopulationlacksaccesstocleanwater.Thisyear,IenteredtheDiscoveryEducation3MYoungScientistChallenge.InlateJune,IlearnedthatIwasselectedasoneofthetop10nationalfinalistsofthisfamousmiddleschoolsciencecompetition.Overthesummer,IworkedwithDr.JimJonza,myScientistmentor(导师)from3M,anddevelopedasystemthatusessolarenergytopurifywater.Myinventionisgreenandcost-effective,andIamlookingforwardtoimplementingthisinplacesthatareaffectedbyharmfulwaterpollution.InOctober,myfamilyandIflewto3MHeadquartersinStPaul,Minnesota,wherethefinaleventwastobeheld.Forthelastchallenge,eachofushadtopresenttheinventionwehadbeenworkingonoverthesummer.Thefirstplacewinnerwouldwin$25,000,atriptoCostaRica,andthetitleofAmerica’sTopYoungScientist.Attheawardsceremony,allofuswaitedanxiouslyuntiloneofthejudges,DannyForester,startedannouncing“ThewinneroftheDiscoveryEducationAsAmerica’sTopYoungScientist,Iwasgivenanopportunitytoshowmyinventiononnationaltelevisionanddeliverseveralpresentations.OneofthemostimportantthingsIhavelearnedisthatcommunicationandteamworkarekeytosuccess.【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。讲解并描述了作者通过一次去印度的经验,发觉人们缺乏清洁水,就此得到启发回国后与JimJonza博士合作,开发了一个利用太阳能的净水系统。5.WhydoestheauthormentionhervisitstoIndia?A.ToexpresshergreatloveforIndia.B.Toshowtheproblemofuncleanwater.C.Toexplaintheimportanceofrelatives.D.Tocompareeasternandwesterncultures.【解析】选B。推理推断题。依据第一段最终一句可知,每年有数百万人死于与水有关的疾病,其中大多数是发展中国家的儿童。由此可以推断出,作者提到自己去印度的经验是为了说明人们缺乏清洁水的问题,故选B。6.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“implementing”inParagraph2?A.Researching. B.Changing.C.Finishing. D.Using.【解析】选D。词义揣测题。依据Myinventionisgreenandcosteffective可知,作者的独创很环保、高效且节约成本,因此作者期盼将它应用到受有害的水影响的地区。故划线词implementing是“应用”的意思。7.HowdidtheaudiencereactasForesteropenedthepaperwiththewinner’sname?A.Theyappearedcalm.B.Theyletoutshoutsofjoy.C.Theysatquietly.D.Theydroppedpinstotheauthor.【解析】选C。细微环节理解题。依据第三段最终一句可知,Forester宣布获奖时全部观众都屏住呼吸,你甚至可以听到大头针落地的声音。由此可知观众都特别宁静地坐着,故选C。8.Howisthetextmainlyorganized?A.Inorderoftime.B.Inorderofcomplexity(困难性).C.Inorderofplace.D.Inorderofimportance.【解析】选A。推理推断题。依据全文可知,作者主要按时间依次回顾了自己在发觉教化3M青年科学家挑战赛中夺冠的经验,故选A。【阅读多维训练】依据本篇阅读理解填空(1)Myinventionisgreenandcost-effective,andIamlookingforwardtoimplementingthisinplacesthatareaffectedbyharmfulwaterpollution.分析:本句是一个并列复合句,由and连接。其次个并列分句中包含由that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词places。译文:我的独创是绿色的,低成本效益高,我期盼着能在受有害的水污染影响的地方应用它。(2)OneofthemostimportantthingsIhavelearnedisthatcommunicationandteamworkarekeytosuccess.分析:本句为复合句。Ihavelearned为省略that的定语从句,修饰先行词Oneofthemostimportantthings;主句中包含that引导的表语从句。译文:我学到的最重要的事情之一就是沟通和团队合作是胜利的关键。Ⅱ.阅读填句(2024·潍坊高二检测)Garlicisoneofthemostcommoncookingingredientsaroundtheworld.ManydishesinEurope,Africa,AsiaandtheAmericasusethisstrong-flavoredvegetable.Garlicissimilartootherbulb-shapedplants,includingonions,chives,leeksandscallions.Butgarlicisspecial.1Medicinalgarlicisthroughouttime.

ResearchersattheMemorialSloan-KetteringCancerCenterandCornellUniversitystudiedthemedicinaluseofgarlicthroughouthistory.TheyfoundreferencestogarlicinancienttextsfromEgypt,Greece,Rome,Chinaand2

TheoriginalOlympicathletesinGreeceategarlictoimprovetheirperformance.3

WorkerswhobuiltthepyramidsinEgyptategarlic.Infact,thisisathemethroughoutearlyhistory—workerseatgarlictoincreasetheirstrength.4Theshortansweristhatgarliccreatesagascalledhydrogensulfide.

Atfirst,hydrogensulfidedoesnotseemveryhealthy.Infact,itistoxicandflammable.Itsmellslikerotteneggs.5Hydrogensulfiderelaxesbloodvessels.Relaxingbloodvessels,inturn,allowsmoreoxygentotraveltothebody’sorgans.Itlowershighbloodpressureandprotectsthebodyagainstcardiovasculardisease.“Cardio”relatestotheheartand“vascular”relatestobloodvessels.SomeresearchersinChinahavegonesofarastocallhydrogensulfidethekeytoalongerlife.Andanotherstudyfoundthateatinganappleorlettuceaftereatinggarliccutsdownonthestronggarlicsmellonone’sbreath.

A.Butwhyisgarlicsuchahealthyfood?B.Butitdoesanimportantjobinourbodies.C.TheancientRomansfedgarlictothesoldiersandsailors.D.Forcenturies,peoplehaveusedgarlicnotonlyforcooking,butalsoformedicine.E.Forexample,inancientGreeceandRome,peopleconsideredgarlicanaidtostrengthandendurance.F.Also,togetthefulleffectofgarlic’shealthbenefits,donotaddittofoodorcookwithitimmediately.G.Scientistshavereportedthatthisoldergarlichasevenmorepropertiesthataregoodforourbodiesthanfreshgarlic.【文章大意】本文介绍了大蒜的历史及各种用途。大蒜能让人增加体能,促使血管舒张,增加血管的通透性。1.【解析】选D。依据下文的关键词语Medicinalgarlic可知D项符合语境,即“很多世纪以来,人们不仅把大蒜用于烹饪,而且还入药”。2.【解析】选E。依据前面句子中的关键词语Greece。Rome和E项中的inancientGreeceandRome可知,E项符合语境。3.【解析】选C。依据前面的句子“最初的希腊奥林匹克运动员食用大蒜以便提高他们的表现”,可知C项符合语境,即“古罗马人让士兵和海员食用大蒜”。误会分析:很简单误选G项。误认为上文提到大蒜的作用,接下来会接着写科学家的发觉,但是下文中并没有提到更陈旧的大蒜比簇新的大蒜有更多的对身体有益的特性,故G项不符合语境。4.【解析】选A。依据后面的句子Theshortansweristhatgarliccreatesagascalledhydrogensulfide可知,此处应是疑问句,故选A。5.【解析】选B。依据前后句子的内容可知大蒜具有刺激性气味,但大蒜具有舒张血管的作用。故B项符合语境。Ⅲ.完形填空Bend,asmalltowninOregon,iscalled“mooncountry”.Beforetheastronautsever1ittothemoon,theytrainedinBend.WhenJimIrwincametoBendfor2,hemadefriendswithFloydWatson,a(n)3resident,whowasthebuildinginspectorforthecity.Fiveyearslater,Irwinwas4fortheApollo15moonlanding.

WhenthenewsthathisoldfriendwouldgotothemooncametoWatson’s5,hechoseapieceoflavarock(火山岩)nearDevil’sLake,6itinpaper.ThenhepostedittoIrwinwithaletterwherehe7himandmadearequest,“Iamsendingyoua8pieceofCentralOregonlava,whichIhopeyouwillbeableto9tothemoonforme.”Offwenttheletter,andWatsonthought10ofit.Afewmonthslater,onJuly26,1971,Irwin11tothemoonwithDavidScottandAlfredWorden.

Andafewweeksaftertheir12,WatsongotanunexpectedletterfromIrwin.“Ididcarryyourpieceoflavatothemoonandleftitthere,”Irwinwrote—andenclosed(附上)a13ofit,withthesmallpieceofOregonlava14withanarrowandthewords”Oregonlavaonthemoon!”ForWatsontheletterandthepicturewere15.And,ofcourse,heneverlookedatthemoonthesamewayagain.

【文章大意】本文为一篇记叙文。宇航员JimIrwin在美国俄勒冈州Bend小镇接受登月训练时,结交了一位当地好友FloydWatson。当Watson听说Irwin被选为“阿波罗15号”登月宇航员时,他希望好友把一小块取自Bend小镇湖边的火山岩放到月球上。Irwin的确把这块火山岩送上了月球,并拍照留念。1.A.did B.madeC.took D.grasped【解析】选B。在宇航员胜利登上月球之前,他们在Bend接受训练。makeit为固定短语,意为“获得胜利”,符合句意。2.A.adventure B.researchC.amusement D.practice【解析】选D。依据上文中的“Beforetheastronautsever______ittothemoon,theytrainedinBend.”及下文中的“Irwinwas______fortheApollo15moonlanding...Irwin______tothemoonwithDavidScottandAlfredWorden.”可知,JimIrwin是一名宇航员,来到Bend接受登月训练。practice意为“练习,训练”,符合句意。

3.A.local B.aggressiveC.gifted D.academic【解析】选A。依据下文中的“whowasthebuildinginspectorforthecity”可以推断FloydWatson是当地(local)居民。4.A.carriedout B.pickedoutC.ruledout D.checkedout【解析】选B。五年后,Irwin被选中实行“阿波罗15号”登月安排。pickout意为“细心选择”,符合句意。carryout“执行,实施”;ruleout“解除”;