2025版高考英语一轮复习第3部分人与自然主题群2环境保护主题语境2人类生存社会发展与环境的关系教师用书教案

PAGE主题语境(二)人类生存、社会发展与环境的关系阅读理解A(2024·全国Ⅲ·D)Wearetheproductsofevolution，andnotjustevolutionthatoccurredbillionsofyearsago.Asscientistslookdeeperintoourgenes(基因)，theyarefindingexamplesofhumanevolutioninjustthepastfewthousandyears.PeopleinEthiopianhighlandshaveadaptedtolivingathighaltitudes.Cattle­raisingpeopleinEastAfricaandnorthernEuropehavegainedamutation(突变)thathelpsthemdigestmilkasadults.OnThursdayinanarticlepublishedinCell，ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindofadaptation—nottoairortofood，buttotheocean.Agroupofsea­dwellingpeopleinSoutheastAsiahaveevolvedintobetterdivers.TheBajau，asthesepeopleareknown，numberinthehundredsofthousandsinIndonesia，MalaysiaandthePhilippines.Theyhavetraditionallylivedonhouseboats;inrecenttimes，they'vealsobuilthousesonstilts(支柱)incoastalwaters.“Theyaresimplyastrangertotheland，”saidRodneyC．Jubilado，aUniversityofHawaiiresearcherwhostudiestheBajau.Dr.JubiladofirstmettheBajauwhilegrowinguponSamalIslandinthePhilippines.Theymadealivingasdivers，spearfishingorharvestingshellfish.“Weweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwatermuchlongerthanuslocalislanders，”Dr.Jubiladosaid.“Icouldseethemactuallywalkingunderthesea.”In2015,MelissaIlardo,thenagraduatestudentingeneticsattheUniversityofCopenhagen,heardabouttheBajau.Shewonderedifcenturiesofdivingcouldhaveledtotheevolutionofphysicalcharacteristicsthatmadethetaskeasierforthem.“Itseemedliketheperfectchancefornaturalselectiontoactonapopulation，”saidDr.Ilardo.ShealsosaidtherewerelikelyanumberofothergenesthathelptheBajaudive.【语篇解读】探讨发觉居住在东南亚的巴瑶族人为了更好地生存，进化成了更好的潜水者。1．WhatdoestheauthorwanttotellusbytheexamplesinParagraph1?A．Environmentaladaptationofcattleraisers.B．Newknowledgeofhumanevolution.C．Recentfindingsofhumanorigin.D．Significanceoffoodselection.B[细微环节理解题。依据第一段中的“theyarefindingexamplesofhumanevolutioninjustthepastfewthousandyears”可以推断，作者举例主要是为了告知读者人类进化的新学问，故选B。]2．WheredotheBajaubuildtheirhouses?A．Invalleys. B．Nearrivers.C．Onthebeach. D．Offthecoast.D[细微环节理解题。依据其次段中的“Theyhavetraditionallylivedonhouseboats；inrecenttimes，they'vealsobuilthousesonstilts(支柱)incoastalwaters.”可知，巴瑶族人主要居住在沿海地区，故D项正确。]3．WhywastheyoungJubiladoastonishedattheBajau?A．Theycouldwalkonstiltsallday.B．Theyhadasuperbwayoffishing.C．Theycouldstaylongunderwater.D．Theylivedonbothlandandwater.C[细微环节理解题。依据第三段中的“Weweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwatermuchlongerthanuslocalislanders”可知，年轻的Jubilado对巴瑶族人惊异不已的地方在于他们可以在水下待很长的时间，故选C。]4．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．BodiesRemodeledforaLifeatSeaB．Highlanders'SurvivalSkillsC．BasicMethodsofGeneticResearchD．TheWorld'sBestDiversA[标题归纳题。本文是一篇探讨报道，依据其次段的探讨结果“ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindofadaptation—nottoairortofood，buttotheocean”可知，本文主要讲解并描述了巴瑶族人为了更好地适应海上的生活，身体结构发生了变更，所以A项适合作本文的标题。]B(2024·天津5月卷·C)Transporthasalottoanswerforwhenitcomestoharmingtheplanet.Whilecarsandtrainsaremovingtowardsgreener，electricpower，emissionsfromairtravelareexpectedtoincreasemassivelyby2050.Ifwewantbiggreenskysolutions，weneedblueskythinking.Fortunately，there'splentyofthathappeningrightnow，particularlytheshort­haulflightspoweredbybatteries.HarbourAiristhelargestseaplaneairlineinNorthAmerica，flying30,000commercialflightsin40seaplaneseachyear.Significantly，allHarbourAirrouteslastlessthan30minutes，makingitperfectlyfitforelectricengines.“Asanairline，we'recurrentlyintheprocessofturningallourplanesintoelectricairplanes，”saysCEOGregMcDougall.Tomakethishappen，theairlinehaspartneredupwithMagniXtocreatetheworld'sfirstcommercialflightwithanelectricengine.Makingtheskieselectricisn'tjustgoodfortheenvironment;italsomakessoundfinancialsense：asmallaircraftuses$400onconventionalfuelfora100­mileflight，whileanelectriconecosts$8—12forthesamedistance，andthat'sbeforeyoufactorinthehighermaintenancecostsofatraditionalengine.There'salsotheaddedbonusthatelectricplanesarejustmuchmorepleasanttoflyin.Noloudenginenoise，nosmelloffuel，justenvironmentallyfriendlypeaceandquiet.Whiletherehasbeenrealprogressinthee­planeindustry，thetechnicalchallengesthatremainarekeepingeveryone'sfeetfirmlyontheground.Abattery，evenalithiumone，onlyprovides250watt­hoursperkilogram;comparethistoliquidfuel，whichhasaspecificenergyof11,890watt­hoursperkilogram.Carryingadequatebatteries，however，wouldmaketheplanetooheavytogetofftheground.Inaircraft，whereeverybitofweightcounts，thiscan'tjustbeignored.Thetransition(过渡)fromgastoelectricintheautomobileindustryhasbeenmadeeasierbyhybrids—vehiclespoweredbybothfuelandelectricity.Manybelievethesamepatterncouldbefollowedintheair.Fuelconsumptioncouldbereducedastheelectriccomponentisswitchedonatkeypartsofthejourney，especiallyontake­offandlanding.It'scertainlyanexcitingtimeforelectricflying.WithcompanieslikeHarbourAirtakingthelead，battery­poweredplanes，especiallyonshort­hauljourneys，aresettobecomearealityinthenextfewyears.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，讲解并描述了在空运中，尤其是在短途空运中运用电能作为能量来源的可能性、好处、存在的挑战以及解决方法。5．AccordingtoPara.1，whatishappeninginairtransport?A．Newexplorationsoftheskyarebeinglaunched.B．Pollutioncausedbybatteriesisbeingcontrolled.C．Effortsarebeingmadetomakeairtravelgreener.D．Demandforshort­haulflightsisincreasingmassively.C[细微环节理解题。依据第一段最终一句“Fortunately，there'splentyofthathappeningrightnow，particularlytheshort­haulflightspoweredbybatteries.”可知，幸运的是，人们正在构思解决空运产生的环境污染的方法，如由电池供应动力的短程航班，即现在人们正在努力让空中旅行变得更加环保，故C项正确。]6．WhyisHarbourAirfitforelectricflights?A．Itrunsshortroutes.B．Ithasastrongpartner.C．Itsplanescanlandonthesea.D．Ithasplaneswithpowerfulengines.A[细微环节理解题。依据其次段中的“Significantly，allHarbourAirrouteslastlessthan30minutes，makingitperfectlyfitforelectricengines.”可知，HarbourAir适合运用电能供应动力的飞机的缘由是它全部航线的航行时间都不超过30分钟，换句话说就是航线短，故A项正确。]7．Theexpression“addedbonus”referstothefactthatelectricplanes________.A．givepassengersmorepleasantviewsB．bringairlinesmorefinancialbenefitsC．offermoreenjoyableflyingexperiencesD．costlessinmaintenancethantraditionalonesC[词义揣测题。依据第三段中的“There'salsotheaddedbonusthatelectricplanesarejustmuchmorepleasanttoflyin.Noloudenginenoise，nosmelloffuel，justenvironmentallyfriendlypeaceandquiet.”可知，“thatelectricplanesarejustmuchmorepleasanttoflyin”是同位语从句，说明说明“addedbonus”的内容，而电动飞机飞行时没有发动机的噪音，没有燃油的气味，只有宁静，这使人们能够获得更加愉悦的飞行体验，故C项正确。]8．Whatmightbethebiggestchallengeofelectricflying?A．Toimprovethegroundservicefore­planes.B．Tofindqualifiedtechniciansforthee­planeindustry.C．Tocalculatetheenergyneededtopowere­planes.D．Tobalancepowerandweightofbatteriesine­planes.D[推理推断题。依据第四段中的“Carryingadequatebatteries，however，wouldmaketheplanetooheavytogetofftheground.Inaircraft，whereeverybitofweightcounts，thiscan'tjustbeignored.”可知，假如携带足够的电池，飞机就会过重而无法起飞，由此可知，平衡电池重量与电量是电力飞行面临的最大挑战，故D项正确。]9．Whatcouldbedoneduringthetransitionfromgastoelectricinairflight?A．Toproducenewelectriccomponents.B．Toincreasebatteryconsumption.C．Tousemixed­powertechnology.D．Toexpandthelandingfield.C[细微环节理解题。依据倒数其次段可知，很多人认为，燃料和电力同时供能这种模式，即混合型供能技术可以运用在空运中，故C项正确。]10．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheprospectofelectricflying?A．Short­sighted. B．Wait­and­see.C．Optimistic. D．Skeptical.C[观点看法题。依据最终一段的内容可知，作者认为电力飞行，尤其是短途旅行中的电力飞行确定会在接下来的几年中成为现实。由此推知，作者对电力飞行持乐观看法，故C项正确。]C(2024·全国卷Ⅱ·C)Whenyouweretryingtofigureoutwhattobuyfortheenvironmentalistonyourholidaylist，furprobablydidn'tcrossyourmind.Butsomeecologistsandfashion(时装)enthusiastsaretryingtobringbackthemarketforfurmadefromnutria(海狸鼠)．UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhaveshowcasednutriafurmadeintoclothesindifferentstyles.“Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguilt­freefur—unlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear，”saysCreeMcCree，projectdirectorofRighteousFur.ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5atail.SomeofthefurendsupinthefashionshowsliketheoneinBrooklynlastmonth.NutriawerebroughttherefromArgentinabyfurfarmersandletgointothewild.“Theecosystemdowntherecan'thandlethisnon­nativespecies(物种)．It'sdestroyingtheenvironment.It'sthemorus，”saysMichaelMassimi，anexpertinthisfield.Thefurtradekeptnutriaincheckfordecades，butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s，thecat­sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.BiologistEdmondMoutonrunsthenutriacontrolprogramforLouisiana.Hesaysit'snoteasytoconvincepeoplethatnutriafurisgreen，buthehasnodoubtaboutit.Huntersbringinmorethan300,000nutriatailsayear，sopartofMouton'sjobthesedaysistryingtopromotefur.Thenthere'sRighteousFuranditsunusualfashions.ModelPaigeMorgansays，“Togivepeopleaguilt­freeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem—Ithinkthat'sgoingtobeamassivething，atleasthereinNewYork.”DesignerJenniferAndersonadmitsittookherawhiletocomearoundtotheopinionthatusingnutriafurforhercreationsismorallyacceptable.She'stryingtocomeupwithalabeltoattachtonutriafashionstoshowitiseco­friendly.【语篇解读】本文介绍了海狸鼠破坏了生态系统，穿海狸鼠皮毛制成的衣服并不会对环境造成威逼，而且人们也不会有负罪感。11．WhatisthepurposeofthefashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklyn?A．Topromoteguilt­freefur.B．Toexpandthefashionmarket.C．Tointroduceanewbrand.D．Tocelebrateawinterholiday.A[细微环节理解题。依据其次段中的“UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhaveshowcasednutriafur”及“Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguilt­freefur...everyyear”可知，时装秀的意图是推销无罪恶感的皮毛草交易。故选A。]12．Whyarescientistsconcernedaboutnutria?A．Nutriadamagetheecosystemseriously.B．Nutriaareanendangeredspecies.C．Nutriahurtlocalcat­sizedanimals.D．Nutriaareillegallyhunted.A[细微环节理解题。依据其次段中的“thenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear”以及第四段中的“Theecosystem...It'sdestroyingtheenvironment.”可知，因为海狸鼠破坏湿地进而破坏了环境，所以科学家对它们很担忧。故选A。]13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“collapsed”inParagraph5probablymean?A．Boomed. B．Becamemature.C．Remainedstable. D．Crashed.D[词义揣测题。依据画线词前的“Thefurtradekeptnutriaincheckfordecades”可知，几十年来，毛皮贸易使海狸鼠(的数量)处于限制之下。依据画线词后的“thecat­sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy”可知，这种像猫大小的动物疯狂地繁殖。由此可推知，20世纪80年头末海狸鼠市场瘫痪了。collapse的意思应是“崩溃”，故选D。]14．WhatcanweinferaboutwearingfurinNewYorkaccordingtoMorgan?A．It'sformal. B．It'srisky.C．It'sharmful. D．It'straditional.B[推理推断题。依据最终一段中的“Togivepeopleaguilt­freeoption...amassivething，atleasthereinNewYork.”可知，在纽约，穿毛皮衣服具有风险性。故选B。]阅读七选五(2024·浙江1月卷)Let'stakeaminutetothinkaboutthewaterweuse.Thehumanbodyis60%waterandweneedtodrinklotsofwatertobehealthy.Whenwearethirstywejustgotothekitchenandfillaglasswithcleanwater.1Forexample，farmers，whoproducethefoodweeat，usewatertomaketheplantsgrow.WhenweturnonalightorswitchonaTVoracomputerweuseenergyandweneedwatertoproducethisenergy.Thetruthisthatweareluckyenoughtohavecleanwaterwheneverwewant，butthisisnotthecaseformanypeoplearoundtheworld.2That'saroundonein10peopleintheworld.Ifwedrinkdirtywater，wecancatchdiseasesfromthebacteriaandbecomeill.Everyyearover500,000childrendiefromdiarrhoea(腹泻)fromdirtywater.That'saround1,400childreneveryday！Also，insomecountrieschildrenwalkmanykilometreseverydaytogetwater.3Therefore，theydon'thavetimetolearnhowtoreadorwriteanddon'tgetaneducation.4Onthisdayeveryyear，countriesaroundtheworldholdeventstoeducatepeopleabouttheproblemsofdirtywaterandthatcleanwaterissomethingthateveryoneshouldhavearoundtheworld.AtoneschoolintheUK，childrenbetweentheagesof10and15walk6kmwithsixlitresofwater.5Peoplegivethemmoneytodothisandallthemoneyhelpsgetcleanwatertoasmanypeopleaspossiblearoundtheworld.A．Weusewaterindirectlytoo.B．Everysysteminourbodydependsonwatertofunction.C．Itistoinspirepeopletolearnmoreaboutwater­relatedproblems.D．Ifchildrenwalkmanyhoursadaytogetwater，theycan'tgotoschool.E．Didyouknowthataround750millionpeopledonothavecleanwatertodrink?F．In1993theUnitedNationsdecidedthatMarch22ndistheWorldDayforWater.G．Inthisway，theyknowhowitfeelstowalkalongdistancecarryingheavybottles.【语篇解读】本文是说明文，主要介绍了水的重要性。当前世界上很多人喝不到干净的水，我们要珍惜水资源。1．A[结合上文的“Thehumanbodyis60%waterandweneedtodrinklotsofwater”和下文的“usewatertomaketheplantsgrow”“weneedwatertoproducethisenergy”可知，第一段讲解并描述了人类干脆用水，而其次段讲解并描述了人类间接用水，故选A项。]2．E[结合下文的“That'saroundonein10peopleintheworld.Ifwedrinkdirtywater”可知，此处讲解并描述世界上还有很多人缺少干净的饮用水，而这与E项中的“donothavecleanwatertodrink”信息一样。特殊要留意选项中及下文的关键词“people”的呼应和选项中及上文的“cleanwater”的呼应。]3．D[结合上文提到的“Also，insomecountrieschildrenwalkmanykilometreseverydaytogetwater”和下文的“Therefore，theydon'thavetimetolearnhowtoreadorwriteanddon'tgetaneducation”可知，在一些国家，孩子们为了取水须要花费大量的时间，因此不能上学。故选D项。要留意选项中的children和getwater与上文的呼应，以及选项中的school与下文的“readorwrite”和“getaneducation”的呼应。]4．F[依据下文的“Onthisdayeveryyear，countriesaroundtheworldholdeventstoeducatepeople”可知，下文详细提到了每年这一天人们要做的事情，这是F项的进一步拓展，由此答案选F项。]5．G[结合上文的“childrenbetweentheagesof10and15walk6kmwithsixlitresofwater”可知，这所学校的孩子要体验取水的艰辛，10－15岁的孩子要提着6升水走6千米，这与选项G中的“walkalongdistancecarryingheavybottles”相符。要留意选项中的Inthisway“通过这种方式”，是对上文的延长。故答案为G项。]Ⅰ.写出所给单词的汉语意思1．evolutionn．发展，进化2．genen．基因3．adaptv．调整，适应4．altituden．海拔5．northernadj.北方的6．traditionallyadv.传统上地7．coastaladj.海岸的8．batteryn．电池9．maintenancen．维护10．specificadj.明确的11．adequateadj.足够的12．transitionn．过渡，转变13．enthusiastn．爱好者，狂热者14．collapsev．倒塌，崩溃15．multiplyv．乘，大量繁殖16．doubtn．怀疑17．massiveadj.巨大的18．thirstyadj.渴的19．truthn．事实Ⅱ.依据所给汉语写出英文单词1．digestv．消化，汲取2．actuallyadv.事实上3．increasev．增加4．progressn．进步5．ignorev．忽视6．nativen．当地人7．diseasen．疾病8．thereforeadv.因此Ⅲ.依据所给提示写出派生单词1．selectvt.选择；选择→selectionn．选择2．enginen．引擎→engineern．工程师3．electricityn．电→electricaladj.电的4．promotev．促进，提升→promotionn．提升，晋升5．guiltn．内疚；犯罪→guiltyadj.内疚的Ⅳ.依据所给汉语写出惯用习语1．when_it_comes_to当谈到，就……而言2．take_the_lead领先3．let_go放开，释放4．keep_in_check约束5．come_up_with提出，想到[即时演练]单句语法填空1．Thecompanyhas_evolved(evolve)intoamajorchemicalmanufacturer.2．Thesupplieswere_transported(transport)tothelocalpeopleimmediatelytheearthquakehappened.3．Totellyouthetruth，I'mgratefulforyourhelpingmemakemydreamcometrue.(true)4．Hehadapleasant，liltingnorthern(north)accent.5．Youhavetoanswereveryquestionasspecifically(specific)aspossiblewhenthepolicecome.6．Thefestivalistraditionally(tradition)heldinMay.7．ThePresidentisdeeplyconcernedaboutthisissue.8．Drinkwheneveryoufeelthirsty(thirst)duringexercise.9．Payattentiontoyouremotionalenergyandkeepitincheckespeciallyinpublic.Ⅰ.熟词生义(写出句中黑体词的汉语意思)1．Whenyouweretryingtofigureoutwhattobuyfortheenvironmentalistonyourholidaylist,furprobablydidn'tcrossyourmind.出现在脑海中2．NutriawerebroughttherefromArgentinabyfurfarmersandletgointothewild.放生3．DesignerJenniferAndersonadmitsittookherawhiletocomearoundtotheopinionthatusingnutriafurforhercreationsismorallyacceptable.一段时间Ⅱ.似易实难(将句中黑体词部分译成汉语)1．TheBajau,asthesepeopleareknown，numberinthehundredsofthousandsinIndonesia,MalaysiaandthePhilippines.[译文]这些人被称为“巴瑶人”，在印度尼西亚、马来西亚和菲律宾有数十万人。2．Transporthasalottoanswerforwhenitcomestoharmingtheplanet.[译文]当谈到对地球的危害，运输业负有很大责任。Ⅲ.困难晦涩(分析句子结构并译成汉语)1．Shewonderedifcenturiesofdivingcouldhaveledtotheevolutionofphysicalcharacteristicsthatmadethetaskeasierforthem.[分析]本句是复合句。shewondered是主句，if引导宾语从句，表示“是否”，从句主语是centuriesofdiving，谓语部分是couldhaveledto...，that引导定语从句修饰先行词physicalcharacteristics，that在从句中作made的主语。[译文]她想知道数百年的潜水生活是否引起了身体特征的进化，从而使他们的潜水变得更简洁。2．Makingtheskieselectricisn'tjustgoodfortheenvironment;italsomakessoundfinancialsense:asmallaircraftuses$400onconventionalfuelfora100­mileflight,whileanelectriconecosts$8—12forthesamedistance,andthat'sbeforeyoufactorinthehighermaintenancecostsofatraditionalengine.[分析]本句是两个并列分句，中间用分号(；)连接。前面分句是简洁句，主语是makingtheskieselectric。后边分句也是简洁句，谓语部分是makessoundfinancialsense。冒号后面是说明说明，这部分是while连接的两个并列分句，在while后面的分句中，又加入了一个由and连接的并列句。句中sound是形容词，表示“合理的，明智的”；factor是动词，表示“作为因素考虑进来”。[译文]运用电动飞机不只是对环境有利，而且在节约财政支出上也颇有意义。同样飞行一百英里，一架传统燃油小型飞机花费400美元，而一架电动飞机只需8—12美元，而且这还没有考虑传统飞机发动机维护的昂扬费用。3．Togivepeopleaguilt­freeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem—Ithinkthat'sgoingtobeamassivething,atleasthereinNewYork.[分析]本句破折号前面不是完整句子，可以理解为破折号后that所指代的内容。破折号前半句中的that引导同位语从句，说明说明前面的option。破折号后的that是一般代词，不是从句引导词。[译文]给人们一个无内疚感的选择，他们可以穿皮草，没有人会朝他们泼油漆——我觉得这会是一件大事，至少在纽约是这样的。4．Onthisdayeveryyear,countriesaroundtheworldholdeventstoeducatepeopleabouttheproblemsofdirtywaterandthatcleanwaterissomethingthateveryoneshouldhavearoundtheworld.[分析]本句是复合句。主句主谓结构为countriesholdevents，toeducatepeople是不定式结构作目的状语，在目的状语中，第一个that引导educate的宾语从句，that不作成分。其次个that引导定语从句修饰先行词something，作shouldhave的宾语。[译文]每年的这一天，世界各地都举办活动，宣扬污水带来的问题，告知人们全世界每一个人都应当饮用干净的水。1．occurvi.发生；出现(1)occurto出现在(2)occurrencen．发生(的事情)agoodideaoccurredtome我想到一个好办法itoccurredtomethat...我想到……afrequentoccurrence常常发生的事[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Yearsago，acriticaleventoccurred(occur)inmylifethatwouldchangeitforever.②Itneveroccurredtoherto_ask(ask)foranyonewhenshewasintrouble.[实力提升]——完成句子他想起他应该向老师寻求帮助。It_occurred_to_him_thatheshouldturntohisteacherforhelp.2．adaptvt.使适应；改编(1)adaptto适应adaptoneselfto(＝adjustoneselfto)使自己适应……(2)adapt...from...依据……改编……adapt...for...改编……为……用(3)adaptableadj.能适应的；可修改的adaptationn．适应；改编；改写本adaptmyselftolifeinthecity使自己适应城市生活adapttotheenvironment适应环境anoveladaptedfortelevision改编成电视剧的小说anewfilmadaptedfromanovelbyJaneAusten依据简·奥斯汀的一部小说改编的新电影[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Thegoodthingaboutchildrenisthattheyadaptveryeasilytonewenvironments.②Iholdthefirmbeliefthatshewilldealwiththechangesverywell,becausesheisveryadaptable(adapt)．③Mike,MaryandIhadadiscussionabouttheadaptation(adapt)oftheclassicliteratureyesterday.[实力提升]——完成句子/句式升级①一般表达：Theculturemade_it_difficult_for_him_to_adapt_to_(使得他很难适应)thenewenvironmentabroad.②高级表达：It_was_the_culture_that_made_it_difficult_for_him_to_adapt_to_the_new_environment_abroad.(强调句)3．unless除非(1)unless是连词，相当于ifnot,意为“除非，假如不”，引导的是一个条件状语从句。(2)unless引导的条件状语从句常用一般现在时表示将来意义，主句多用一般将来时。(3)在unless引导的条件状语从句中，假如主句、从句的主语一样，且从句中有be动词，可省略从句中的主语和be动词。[金句推送]You'llfailtheexamunlessyoustudyhard.除非你努力学习，否则你考试会不及格。unlessfullycoveredinthickclothes除非全身穿着厚衣服unlessotherwisespecified除非另有说明[基础练习]——单句语法填空①(2024·江苏卷)Unless_youcansleepwell,youwilllosetheabilitytofocus,planandstaymotivatedafteroneortwonights.②Allthephotographsinthebook,unlessstated(state)otherwise,datefromthe1950s.[实力提升]——完成句子/句式升级除非被邀请，否则我不会参与明天举办的聚会。①一般表达：Iwon'tattendthepartytobeheldtomorrowunless_I'm_invited.②高级表达：Iwon'tattendthepartytobeheldtomorrowunless_invited.(省略句)4．concernedadj.关切的；担忧的；有关的(1)beconcernedabout/for关切；挂念beconcernedwith/in与……有关；参与；牵涉asfaras...beconcerned就……而言(2)concernn．&v.关切；担忧show/expressconcernabout/for对……表示关切/担忧(3)concerningprep.关于parents'concernfortheirchildren父母对子女的关爱expressconcernabout/over/fortherisingunemployment对不断上升的失业率表示担忧feel/beconcernedabouthersafety对她的平安感到担忧thejobconcernedwithcomputer与计算机有关的工作allindividualsconcerned全部相关人员[基础练习]——单句语法填空①(2024·全国卷Ⅱ)Itdoespointoutthatmanyparentsstilllimitelectronicreading,mainlyduetoconcernsabout/forincreasedscreentime.②Concerned(concern)aboutthehealthofherson,Mrs.Jacksonwenttotheschooltovisithimeveryweek.③Iamwritingtoseeifitispossibleforyoutoprovidemewithinformationconcerning(concern)thewayoflearningEnglish.④Asweallknow,parentsfocustheirattentionontheirchildren'sstudy,becauseitisconcernedwiththeirfuture.[实力提升]——词汇升级一般表达：Inmyopinion,youcanhaveabetterunderstandingoftheSpringFestivalthroughtheactivities.高级表达：_As_far_as_I_am_concerned，youcanhaveabetterunderstandingoftheSpringFestivalthroughtheactivities.1．Carryingadequatebatteries,however,wouldmaketheplanetooheavytogetofftheground.但是，携带足够电池，会使飞机过重而无法飞离地面。[句型公式]句中too...todosth.意为“太……而不能做某事”，是一个表示否定意义的句型。“too...to...”不同搭配下的不同含义：(1)某些形容词与“too...to...”句型连用时，too(＝very)表示确定的意义。这些形容词多为表示情感的词，如glad，pleased，surprised，delighted，happy，easy，willing，ready，eager，anxious等。(2)当在too前加上only,but,all,simply，quite或just时，“too...to”结构表示确定意义，此时too带有赞许的感情色调。(3)“too...to...”结构和never,not等否定副词连用时，表示确定意义，意为“无论……也不过分；越……越好”。[金句推送]Heisstilltooyoungtoknowthehardshipoflife.他年龄太小，还不懂得生活的艰辛。[基础练习]——单句语法填空①(2024·北京卷)Studentsshouldhaveaproperattitudetowardscollegebeforethinkingaboutwhichcollegetoattend,andit'snevertooearlyto_make(make)necessarypreparationsforahealthyandmeaningfulcollegeexperience.②Youcan'tbetoocarefultodoyourhomework.③Youcanneverbecarefulenoughto_deal(deal)withtheproblem.[实力提升]——一句多译玛丽学习太专注了，以至于没有听到外面的嘈杂声。①Marywastoo_absorbed_in_her_study_to_hearthenoiseoutside.(too...to...)②Marywasso_absorbed_in_her_study_that_she_couldn't_hearthenoiseoutside.(so...that...)2．DesignerJenniferAndersonadmitsittookherawhiletocomearoundtotheopinionthatusingnutriafurforhercreationsismorallyacceptable.设计师JenniferAnderson承认，她过了一段时间才接受了这个观点：运用海狸鼠皮来创作在道义上是可以接受的。[句型公式]Ittakes(sb.)sometimetodosth.意为“(某人)花费时间做某事”，it在句中为形式主语，后面的不定式短语todosth.是句子的真正主语。此外，take还表示“须要”。(1)sb.spendsometimeonsth./(in)doingsth.某人花费多少时间做某事(2)sb.spendsomemoneyonsth./(in)doingsth.某人花多少钱买某物/做某事(3)sb.paysb.somemoneyforsth.某人为某事/物付给某人多少钱[金句推送](2024·天津卷)Ittookhimalongtimetoacquiretheskillsheneededtobecomeagooddancer.他花了很长时间才获得成为一名好的舞蹈家所须要的技能。[基础练习]——单句语法填空①(2024·全国卷Ⅲ)Ittookafewyouthfulanddaringbusinessmento_get(get)theballrolling.②(2024·浙江卷)Amonthbeforetheevent,Ispenthoursworking(work)outascheduleoutliningmygoalsandpracticalsteps.③Thewatchwasverygood,andhepaid20percentdownforit.[实力提升]——一句多译公园很拥挤，因此我们花了一段时间才找到一个合适的场地。①Theparkwasverycrowded,soittook_us_some_time_to_findanavailablesite.(take)②Theparkwasverycrowded,sowespent_some_time_(in)_findinganavailablesite.(spend)夯基固本·学问落实Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空1．Theprogramcountsthenumberofoccurrences(occurrence)ofanyword，withinthetext.2．Ihave_spent(spend)100dollarsonbookssofar.3．Thetestrecordstheelectrical(electricity)activityofthebrain.4．Successfulbusinessesarehighlyadaptable(adapt)toeconomicchange.5．Thesebuildingsarepartofournational(native)heritage.Ⅱ.在空白处填入一个适当的词1．Thesuccessofthesystemisnotindoubt.2．He'signorantaboutmoderntechnology.3．Itisnevertoolatetoreformulateyourgoals.4．Don'thesitatetoaskifyouhaveanyqueriesorconcernsabouthealthcare.5．Hecouldn'tcomeupwithananswer.强技提能·学问应用Ⅰ.阅读七选五(2024·重庆八中等3月检测)Whenitcomestogreenbuildings，wetendtothinkofnewones—thekindofhigh­tech，solar­paneledmasterpiecesthatmakethecoversofarchitecturemagazines.1Theyarethewitnessofthecountry.Anditwouldbeincrediblywastefultotearthemalldownandreplacethemwithgreenerversions.2What'smore，itwouldtakeanaverageof65yearsforthereducedcarbonemissionsfromanewenergy­efficienthometomakeupfortheresourceslostbydestroyinganoldone.3ButthereisanunavoidablefactthatnearlyhalfofU．S.carbonemissionscomefromheating，coolingandpoweringthoseagedhouses.“Yourcan'tdealwithclimatechangewithoutdealingwithexistingbuildings，”saysRichardMoe，thepresidentoftheNationalTrust.Withsomeexceptions，theoldesthomestendtobetheleastenergy­efficient.4Housesbuiltbefore1939useabout50%moreenergypersquarefootthanthosebuiltafter2000.5HistoriconeslikeLincoln'sCottagecanbetransformedthroughefficiencyupgrades.Theycannotonlyhelpprotectpropertyownersfromrisingpowercosts；theycansavetheearth.A．Buthowtochangetheirconditions?B．ButtheU．S.hasmorethan100millionexistinghomes.C．Someeffectivemeasuresshouldbetakenbythegovernment.D．Sosomepeoplesaythatthegreenestwayistomaintainoldones.E．Fortunately，somerelativelysimplechangescangreenolderhomes.F．Vastenergyandresourceswentintotheconstructionofthosehouses.G．Themaincauseisthecracksthatexpandovertimeandletoutsideairin.【语篇解读】本文为说明文。美国现有超过1亿套住房，大量的能源和资源被用于建立这些房屋，而重建一个节能的新居子所削减的碳排放平均须要65年才能弥补因破坏旧房子而损失的资源。文章分析了这些老房子不节能的缘由以及解决方案。1．B[过渡句。上文谈到了绿色建筑，下文主要说明白美国住房存在的问题，由此可知，上下文内容构成转折关系。下文中代词They与B选项中“100millionexistinghomes”呼应。]2．F[细微环节句。依据上文“Anditwouldbeincrediblywastefultotearthemalldownandreplacethemwithgreenerversions.”可知，假如把它们都拆了，换成更环保的房屋，那就太奢侈了。由此可知，本句是在说明这些现有的房屋投入了大量能源和资源，不应当干脆拆除它们换成更环保的房屋。这与F选项“大量的能源和资源被用于建立那些房屋”呼应。]3．D[细微环节句。依据上文可知，一个节能的新居子所削减的碳排放平均须要65年才能弥补因破坏旧房子而损失的资源。由此推断有些人会认为最环保的方法就是修理这些旧的房子。]4．G[过渡句。上文提到除了一些例外，最古老的房子往往是最不节能的。由此推断本句应当承接上文说明老房子不节能的缘由。这与G选项“主要缘由是随着时间的推移，裂缝会扩大，会让外面的空气进来”一样。]5．E[过渡句。下文提到像林肯小屋这样的历史建筑可以通过提高能效来改造。由此可知，本段是在说明改造这些旧房子的方案，即通过一些变更来让这些老房子变得更加环保节能，这与E选项“幸运的是，一些相对简洁的变更就可以绿化老房子”一样。]Ⅱ.语法填空DietshavechangedinChina—andsotoohasitstopcrop.Since2011，thecountry1.________(grow)morecornthanrice.Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentover2.________past25years,whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.Atasteformeatis3.________(actual)behindthechange：Animportantpartofitscornisusedtofeedchickens，pigs，andcattle.Anotherreasonforcorn'srise：Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice4.________(improve)waterquality.Cornuseslesswater5.________riceandcreateslessfertilizer(化肥)run­off.Thisswitchhasdecreased6.________(pollute)inthecountry'smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople.AccordingtotheWorldBank，Chinaaccou