专题10句子的种类-2024年中考英语真题题源解密（原卷版）

专题10句子的种类江苏中考英语对句子的种类的考查集中在单项选择题、填空题。考查重点包括疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。本专题目的在于帮助学生梳理三种句子的用法，以帮助同学们高效复习。考点考向考法/命题角度句子的种类疑问句特殊疑问句祈使句祈使句的肯定句和否定句感叹句how和what引导的感叹句►考向一疑问句1．（2023·江苏淮安）—MrWu,________canIkeeptheguitar?—Forfivedays.A．howoften B．howsoon C．howlong D．howmuch【答案】C【详解】句意：——吴先生，这把吉他我能保存多久？——五天。考查特殊疑问句。howoften多久一次；howsoon多久之后；howlong多长时间；howmuch多少钱。根据“Forfivedays”可知此处询问时间段，疑问词用howlong。故选C。2．（2023·江苏南通）—Excuseme,________istheGengsuTheatrefromthishotel?—It’sabouttenminutesifyoutakeataxi.A．howfar B．howlong C．howsoon D．howmuch【答案】A【详解】句意：——对不起，庚戌剧院离这家旅馆有多远？——如果你坐出租车大约需要十分钟。考查特殊疑问句。howfar多远；howlong多长时间；howsoon多久之后；howmuch多少钱。根据“It’sabouttenminutesifyoutakeataxi.”可知此处询问距离，疑问词用howfar。故选A。3．（2023·江苏无锡）________isyourhometown?Ican’tfinditanywhereonthemap.A．What B．Which C．When D．Where【答案】D【详解】句意：你的家乡在哪里？我在地图上找不到它。考查特殊疑问句。What什么；Which哪一个；When什么时候；Where哪里。根据“Ican’tfinditanywhereonthemap.”可知，此处指询问家乡的位置，应用where提问。故选D。4．（2022·江苏淮安）—________doyouvisityourgrandparents,Simon?—Twiceamonth.A．Howoften B．Howsoon C．Howlong D．Howmuch【答案】A【详解】句意：——西蒙，你多久去看一次你的祖父母？——一个月两次。考查特殊疑问句。Howoften多长时间一次；Howsoon还要多久；Howlong多长；Howmuch多少。根据“Twiceamonth”可知，对频率副词提问，howoften符合句意，故选A。特殊疑问句1．疑问词什么是疑问词：疑问词就是用来提出问题的词语,如what,how。常见的疑问词有：人物：who谁whose谁的时间：when什么时候whattime几点whatday星期几地点：where哪里事件：what什么whatcolor什么颜色whatnumber多少号选择：which哪一个方法：how怎么，怎么样原因：why为什么其他：howmany多少howmuch多少钱howold多大howoften多少次，多久howabout什么怎么样howfar多远通过以上疑问词，对时间，地点，人物，事件等特定条件进行提问。2、运用：疑问词通常位于句首，放在be动词和其他动词的前面。如：whoishe?他是谁？Whatdoeshehave?他有什么？Whatcolorisyourpen?你的笔是什么颜色？Whereareyou?你在哪儿？Whosebookisthis?这是谁的书？►考向二祈使句5．（2020·江苏徐州）Givemeachance,________Iwillgiveyouawonderfulsurprise.A．or B．and C．but D．so【答案】B【详解】句意：给我一次机会，我会给你一个巨大的惊喜。考查连词。or否则；and和；but但是；so因此。此处是“祈使句+and+陈述句”的结构，表示按照前一句那样做会产生的肯定的结果，此处用连词and表示“给我一次机会，我会给你一个巨大的惊喜”。故选B。6．（2022上·江苏宿迁·九年级统考期中）TakeaphonewithGPS,________youmaybelikeablindmaninthebigdesert.A．as B．so C．and D．or【答案】D【详解】句意：带一部带GPS的，否则你可能就像沙漠中的盲人。考查连词辨析。as当，因为；so所以；and然后；or否则。根据“TakeaphonewithGPS...youmaybelikeablindmaninthebigdesert.”可知是句型“祈使句，or/and+句子”此处表达“带一部带GPS的，否则你可能就像沙漠中的盲人。”故选D。祈使句祈使句用法详解：1.Do型（即：动词原形+宾语+其他成分）Pleasehaveaseathere.请这边坐。有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下，动词可省略。Thisway,please.=Gothisway,please.请这边走。2.Be型（即：Be+表语（名词或形容词）+其它成分）Beagoodboy!要做一个好孩子！3.Let型（即：Let+宾语+动词原形+其它成分）Letmehelpyou.让我来帮你。否定结构：Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加don't。Don'tforgeme!不要忘记我！Don'tbelateforschool!上学不要迟到!Let型的否定式有两种：（Don't+Let+宾语+动词原形+其它成分）Don'tlethimgo.别让他走。（Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其它成分）Lethimnotgo.别让他走。4.NO开头，用来表示禁止性的祈使句。Nosmoking!禁止吸烟Nofishing!禁止钓鱼Noparking!禁止停车5.祈使句+or/and+简单句=if引导的条件状语从句Hurryup,orwewillmissthetrain.=Ifwedon’thurryup,wewillmissthetrain.►考向二感叹句7．（2023·江苏淮安）TheC919,China’sselfmadelargeplane,isnowinuse.________excitingthenewsis!A．How B．Howan C．What D．Whatan【答案】A【详解】句意：C919是中国自制的大型飞机，目前正在使用中。这个消息多么令人兴奋啊！考查感叹句。句子是感叹句，中心词是形容词exciting，用结构howadj.+主谓。故选A。8．（2023·江苏南通）________itwastoseethemainsightsoftheworldintheWorldPark!A．Howamazingday B．HowanamazingdayC．Whatamazingday D．Whatanamazingday【答案】D【详解】句意：在世界公园里看到世界的主要景点是多么美妙的一天啊！考查感叹句。句子是感叹句，中心词是可数名词单数day，用感叹句结构：Whata/anadj.n.+主谓。故选D。9．（2023·江苏宿迁）—Chinawonallthegoldmedalsatthe2023WorldTableTennisChampionships.—______excitingnews!A．Whata B．Howa C．How D．What【答案】D【详解】句意：——中国包揽了2023年世乒赛的所有金牌。——多么令人兴奋的消息啊！考查感叹句，感叹句的中心词news是不可数名词，此处用“What+形容词+不可数名词”结构。故选D。感叹句一般说来，感叹句是由what或how开头的，它有两个类型，六种句式。掌握了它的搭配，即掌握了感叹句的重点。1.用what引导的感叹句。有三种句式，此时，what为形容词，用作定语，修饰它后面的名词或名词词组（即感叹部分是名词性短语）。1）.What+a/an+形容词＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！e.g.:Whatafinedayitis！多么好的天气啊！（辅音音素前用a）Whatanoldbuildingthatis！那是一栋多么破旧的楼房啊（元音音素前用an）2）.What+形容词＋可数名词复数形式＋主语＋谓语！e.g.:Whatgoodteacherstheyare！他们是多么好的老师啊！Whatbeautifulflowerstheseare！这些是多么美丽的花啊！3).What+形容词＋不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！e.g.:Whatthickicewearehavinghere！我们这儿的冰多厚啊！Whatroundbreaditis！这是一块多么圆的面包啊！2.用how开头的感叹句。有三种句式，此时，how是副词，用作状语，修饰后面的形容词、副词或动词。4).How＋形容词＋主语＋谓语！（即谓语动词是连系动词）e.g.:Howhotitistoday！今天天气多热啊！Howbeautifultheflowersare！这些花多么美丽啊！5).How＋副词＋主语＋谓语！e.g.:Howhardheworks！他工作多么努力啊！Howwellshesings！她歌唱得多好啊！6).How+主语＋谓语！（即谓语动词是行为动词）e.g.:Howshedances！她跳舞跳得多好啊！★注意：what和how引起的感叹句，在口语中常可以省略主语、谓语或其它句子成分。e.g.:Howcold（itis）!Whatagoodgirl!Whatdeliciousfish!【易错警示】判断用what/how的方法：1、去掉主语、谓语和其他句子成分，看剩下来的最后一个词，如果是名词用what,如果是形容词或副词用how.2.如果剩下来的词为可数名词单数，则用whata/an（元音因素前用an）,不可数名词或名词复数则不用冠词。A疑问句10．（2023·江苏镇江·统考一模）—________canthisrobotread?

—Itcanreadabookinfiveminutes.A．Howfar B．Howfast C．Howlong D．Howoften11．（2023·江苏宿迁·校联考三模）—________willthe19thAsianGamesHangzhoubeheld?—Itwillbeheldinaboutfourmonthsandtheopeningceremonyison23rdSeptember.A．Howfar B．Howlong C．Howsoon D．Howoften12．（2023·江苏南京·统考二模）—Doyouknow________NanjingMuseumis?—It’sabout130,000squaremetersinsize.A．howfar B．howmuch C．howmany D．howlarge13．（2023·江苏南京·校考一模）—________doesAwakeningofInsectsusuallylast?—ProbablyfromMarch5toMarch6.A．Howlong B．Howsoon C．Howoften D．Howmuch14．（2023·江苏扬州·校考二模）—I’mreallyworriedaboutthegiantpandaYaYa.______isshegoingnow?—Thingsarechangingforthebetter.ShewillreturntoChinasoon.A．What B．Where C．Why D．How15．（2023·江苏连云港·连云港市新海实验中学校考三模）—________isitfromyourhometoschool?—Aboutfifteenminutes’walk.A．Howoften B．Howfar C．Howmany D．Howmuch16．（2023·江苏盐城·校考二模）—Canyoutellme________Beijing?—Twice.A．howmanytimesyouhavebeento B．howsoonyou’llgotoC．howlongyouhavebeenin D．howoftenyougoto17．（2023·江苏宿迁·统考三模）—________domoreandmorepeopleliketobevolunteers?—Toimprovetheirmunityandtheworldaroundthem.A．What B．Why C．How D．Where18．（2023·江苏南通·统考二模）—________didyouruncleleaveforthecapitalofDenmark?—Letmesee.He________fornearly2months.A．When;hasleft B．Howlong;hasbeenawayC．Howlong;hasleft D．When;hasbeenaway19．（2023·江苏淮安·统考二模）—________doyougohikingwithJohn?—EverySunday.A．Howlong B．Howmuch C．Howmany D．Howoften20．（2023·江苏扬州·统考二模）—________homeworkdoyouhaveeveryday?—Abouttwohours.A．Howlong B．Howoften C．Howmany D．Howmuch21．（2023·江苏南京·统考二模）—______canwedotosupportourschoolfootballteam?—Wecanputuppostersandinvitemorestudentstocheerforthem.A．How B．What C．Why D．When22．（2023·江苏扬州·统考二模）—I’mreallyworriedaboutthegiantpandaYaYa.________isshegoingnow?—Thingsarechangingforthebetter.ShehasreturnedtoChina.A．What B．How C．Why D．Where23．（2023·江苏淮安·校联考二模）—________isyourfather?—Heisanengineerandheworksinafactory.A．Who B．What C．Which D．Whose24．（2023·江苏徐州·统考二模）—________canyouskiprope,Linda?—Over200timesinaminute.A．Howsoon B．Howfar C．Howfast D．Howlong25．（2023·江苏苏州·统考二模）Thepolicejustwondered________thewitnessknewaboutthemurder.A．howsoon B．howmany C．howoften D．howmuch26．（2023·江苏扬州·统考二模）—________willyouleaveforcamping?—Thisweekend.Everythingisreadyforthepicnic.A．When B．Where C．How D．WhyB祈使句27．（2023·江苏南通·统考二模）Tommy,________playbasketballinthestreetnexttime.Youmaygethitbyacar.A．do B．don’t C．doesn’t D．mustn’t28．（2023·江苏淮安·统考二模）—Bequick,________wewillmissthebeginningofthefilm.—Don’tworry.Thefilmwillstarthalfanhourlater.A．and B．but C．so D．or29．（2023·江苏徐州·统考二模）—Learningtoloveislikelearningtowalk.—Yes.Stepoutbravely________you’llfindit’snotsodifficult.A．or B．and C．but D．so30．（2023·江苏徐州·统考二模）_____inwhatyouwant,andAItoolscancreatepicturesinminutes.A．Typing B．Totype C．Type D．Typed31．（2023·江苏南通·统考一模）Whenfacedwithahotpotato,simply________calmandyouwillfindoutthewaytosolveit.A．staying B．stay C．tostay D．stayed32．（2022·江苏南通·模拟预测）—I’mworriedabouttheseniorschoolentranceexam.—Workhardandbeconfident,________yourdreamwilletrue.A．and B．or C．but D．so33．（2022·江苏镇江·统考二模）Don’tjumptoconclusions,________youmaymakeamistake.A．and B．so C．but D．or34．（2022·江苏扬州·统考二模）________waystogetonwellwithyourclassmates,oryouwillmakeyourselflonely.A．Found B．Tofind C．Finding D．Find35．（2022·江苏常州·校考一模）—Jim,________mycat’stail.Youwillhurther.—Sorry.Ithoughtshemightenjoyit.A．notpull B．doesn’tpull C．nottopull D．don’tpull36．（2022·江苏南通·统考一模）_________ontheicon,andyoucansendyourorder.A．Toclick B．Clicking C．Click D．Clicked37．（2022·江苏徐州·统考一模）Linda,________theweatherforecastbeforeyougoonatrip.A．checks B．check C．checking D．tocheckC感叹句38．（2023·江苏宿迁·校联考一模）—Steve,didyoutryBeijingDuckduringyourvisittoBeijing?—Sure.________deliciousfood!A．Whata B．Howa C．What D．How39．（2023·江苏宿迁·统考二模）—________nicemusic!Itmakesmefeelrelaxed.—Yes.Listeningtosoftmusiccanmakeyoufeelbetter.A．What B．Whata C．How D．Howa40．（2023·江苏宿迁·校联考三模）________informationwecangetfromtheInternet!Thankstotheexcellentwebsite.A．Whatuseful B．Whatauseful C．Howuseful D．Howuseless41．（2023·江苏扬州·校考三模）—________greatprogressyou’vemadeintheexam!Congratulations!—Thankyou!A．What B．Whata C．How D．Howa42．（2023·江苏南通·校考三模）—Doyouknowwhosangthefamoussongattheconcertlastnight?—It’sDawafromTibet.______realgifthehasformusic!A．What B．Whata C．How D．Howa43．（2023·江苏扬州·校考一模）—ManycitiesinChinaarenowofferingteenagegirlsfreeHPVvaccines(疫苗).—________greatfuntheirparentshavehearingofthenews!A．What B．Whata C．How D．Howa44．（2023·江苏南京·统考二模）________freshideatheseyoungpeoplehave!I’veneverheardaboutamorecreativeone.A．How B．Howa C．What D．Whata45．（2023·江苏南京·南师附中树人学校校考三模）What________amazingprogresshe’smadewiththehelpofhisteacher!A．a B．an C．the D．/46．（2023·江苏南京·统考二模）—________beautifulflowersweenjoyedattheNanjingInternationalPlumBlossomFestival!—Yes,Icouldn’tstoptakingphotosthere.A．Howa B．How C．Whata D．What47．（2023·江苏南通·统考二模）________helpfulsuggestionshegaveus!Wesolvedtheproblemwithherhelpeasily.A．How B．What C．Howa D．Whata48．（2023·江苏宿迁·统考三模）—________wonderfuldinner!Youaresuchabrilliantcook.—Iamverygladyoulikethefood!A．Howa B．Whata C．How D．What49．（2023·江苏宿迁·统考二模）—China’sfirstfemalepilotsfortheJ11Bfig