新高考英语二轮复习题型专练21 记叙文体类完形填空(原卷版)

高考英语二轮复习题型专练（新高考）21记叙文体类完形填空【命题意图】完形填空是语言知识运用的第一节，共20小题，每小题1.5分。在一篇约250词的短文中留出20个空白，要求考生从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项，使补全后的短文意思通顺，前后连贯，结构完整。【考试方向】全国卷对完形填空的考查，近几年来一直以记叙文和夹叙夹议文为主，以说明文和议论文为辅。从选材到试题的设置都呈现出＂稳中有变＂的特点：1.题材相对稳定：文章的选材都是中学生熟悉的话题，能够传递正能量，弘扬社会主义核心价值观，读后能给考生带来心灵的启迪。且文章大多原汁原味，语言地道，注重思想性和教育性，具有积极的教育意义，体现出了课程标准中对培养学生的情感、态度和价值观的要求。2.文章短小精悍：完形填空的文章长度一般为250词左右，结构完整，脉络清晰，难度适中，全文设置20个空格，要求考生根据文章的整体内容，从层次结构和上下文的逻辑关系方面选择符合文章情节的选项，很少涉及纯语法知识试题。3.稳定中有变化：近几年高考完形填空在选项的设置上，打破了传统的四个选项类别一致的命题规律。如2019年浙江卷第41题和45题四个选项中两个动词短语，两个为动词；2015年全国卷Ⅰ的第44题的四个选项中，有两个以-ly结尾的副词，另外两个副词为outside和by；2016年全国卷Ⅰ的第52题的四个选项中设置了三个形容词和一个副词，第47题和第54题的四个选项均由两个动词及两个动词词组构成，第59题把两个动词及两个介词短语设置为一组选项。此外，2016年增加了对代词的考查，考生备考时需要注意。【试题解析】记叙文一直受高考完形填空命题者的青睐，在高考完形填空题材中占有相当大的比重。这是因为其有人物、情节发展等线索可循，内容情节深刻，常涉及人物心理活动的细致描写，篇章与语句的结构变化丰富多彩。这种类型的试题，更能考查考生根据文章的整体内容选择符合文章情节的答案，可以充分体现考生对事物的应变能力。仔细研读近几年高考完形填空我们不难发现，记叙文是出现频率最高的一类文体，多以记人和叙事为主。具体地说，它是借助叙述、描写等手段记叙社会中的人物和事件发展过程，用以表现作者的态度和观点。记叙文多以人的思想和行为为中心，以时间或空间的变化为线索，按事件的发生、发展和结束来展开叙述。研读记叙型完形填空，可看出以下趋势：1.首句完整，线索清楚一般作者在第一句话就交代了人物的姓名、身份、业绩或事件发生的时间、地点，然后再介绍事件的发生、发展，最后得出结果。2.叙述灵活，侧重语境。文章以叙述为主，人物间对话较少，绝大部分篇章是作者在描述事件，较少加入作者的观点或评论。因此，常会出现态度与观点的跳跃变换，或语气上的差异。这增加了情景的迷惑性和干扰性，从而突出了对语境的依赖，实现了在理解上下文的基础上，通过语境，辨析词语，作出选择。3.实词为主，虚词为辅。高考记叙型完形填空，篇章不长，一般在200～280个词左右，始终紧扣话题中心，形成一个主题连续体。选项一般为同一词类或同一范畴。重点集中于动词、名词、形容词或副词等实词上，介词、连词、冠词等虚词的考查相对较少。实词为主，虚词为辅，更能体现在语境中考查英语运用能力这一思路。【得分要点】在记叙文类完形填空的解题过程中，除了需要具备扎实的语言知识之外，还需要一套过硬的解题方法和技巧，很明显，如果掌握了正确的解题思路，就会起到事半功倍的效果，从而大幅度提高正确率。1.读透首句，掌握主旨重视首句，明确短文话题，了解篇章结构，预测全文内容。绝大多数记叙文的作者都会用一句话点明人物的姓名、身份或事件发生的时间、地点，然后再逐渐深入介绍事件的发生、发展，最后得出结论，所以读透句首对学生了解全文至关重要，这就是我们理解文章内在联系的＂突破口＂。2.跳空速读全文，掌握中心速读全文要求一气呵成，跳过空格，快速阅读，领会大意，把握中心。重点了解记叙文的要素，如：时间、地点、人物和事件等，从整体上把握文章的叙述顺序和结构主线。3.身临其境，故事重构采取换位思考的方式，假设自己就是故事的主人公，在此情此景下，模拟故事的情景，体会人物的心情，推理故事的发展，体验作者的心情以及观点和态度等，这样才能对故事或事件有一个贴切的把握，才能选出符合语境的选项。同时要注意文化背景知识和生活常识。4.关注末段，注意感想最后一段通常是作者的有感而发、心理体验或经验教训等。要注意结合语境选用合适的形容词、副词、动词或名词等。5.浏览全文，复查核定根据记叙文的线索，考生一定要进行回查，仔细推敲，校正全文，使故事恢复原貌。检查要点是：（1）语意是否前后一致；（2）上下文是否通顺连贯，内容是否完整；（3）所选词汇是否符合语法、句法结构；（4）文化背景和生活常识是否合理。【真题再现】【2020·新高考全国卷I（山东）】阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。MolaigrewupinatinyvillageinIndia.Thevillagelaynearsomewetlandswhichbecamehissecond21.Helearnedthevalueandbeautyof22therefromaveryyoungage.Whenhewas16,Molaibegantonoticesomething____23____happeningaroundhishome.Afloodhadhittheareaearlierthatyearandthe____24____itcausedhaddrivenawayanumberofbirds.____25____,thenumberofsnakeshaddeclinedaswell.He____26____thatitwasbecausethereweren’tenoughtreestoprotectthemfromthe27.Thesolution,ofcourse,wastoplanttreessotheanimalscouldseek28duringthedaytime.Heturnedtothe29departmentforhelpbutwastoldthatnothingwouldgrowthere.However,Molaiwentlookingonhisownand30anearbyislandwherehebegantoplanttrees.31youngplantsinthedryseasonwas32foraloneboy.Molaibuiltatthe33ofeachsapling(幼树)abambooplatform,whereheplacedearthenpotswithsmallholesto34rainwater.Thewaterwouldthendrip(滴落)ontheplantsbelow.Molai__35_____toplanttreesforthenext37years.Hiseffortshaveresultedin1,360acresofnaturally-grownlandthathasbecomehometomanyplantsandanimals.21.A.dream B.job C.home D.choice22.A.nature B.youth C.culture D.knowledge23.A.precious B.interesting C.disturbing D.awkward24.A.waste B.tension C.pain D.damage25.A.Besides B.However C.Therefore D.Otherwise26.A.agreed B.realized C.remembered D.predicted27.A.noise B.heat C.disease D.dust28.A.directions B.partners C.help D.shelter29.A.labor B.police C.forest D.finance30.A.rebuilt B.discovered C.left D.managed31.A.Decorating B.Observing C.Watering D.Guarding32.A.tough B.illegal C.fantastic D.beneficial33.A.back B.top C.foot D.side34.A.cooldown B.keepoff C.purify D.collect35.A.returned B.learned C.failed D.continued【答案】21.C22.A23.C24.D25.A26.B27.B28.D29.C30.B31.C32.A33.B34.D35.D【解析】这是一篇记叙文。Molai在印度的一个小村庄长大。16岁的时候，一场洪水导致他的家园遭受巨大损失。树木的缺乏导致这些动物失去了遮蔽物，很多鸟儿离开，蛇类数量减少。Molai决定改变这一切，他经过努力，在附近找到了一个小岛，开始种树。在30多年的时间里，他的努力使1360英亩的天然土地成为许多动植物的家园。21.考查名词词义辨析。句意:这个村庄位于一些湿地附近，那里成了他的第二个家。A.dream梦想；B.job工作；C.home家；D.choice选择。根据空前的second可知，他出生的村庄是他的家，村庄附近的一些”湿地”成为了他的第二个”家”。故选C。22.考查名词词义辨析。句意:他从小就在那里了解到了大自然的价值和美丽。A.nature自然；B.youth青春，年轻；C.culture文化；D.knowledge知识。湿地展现了”大自然”的价值和美。故选A。23.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:16岁时，Molai开始注意到他的家周围发生了一些令人不安的事情。A.precious宝贵的；B.interesting有趣的；C.disturbing令人不安的，引起烦恼的；D.awkward尴尬的，笨拙的。该段后半部分提到:洪水侵袭，很多鸟儿离开，蛇的数量减少。这些情况都不正常，令人不安。故选C。24.考查名词词义辨析。句意:那年早些时候，一场洪水袭击了这个地区，洪水造成损害赶走了很多鸟类。A.waste废物；B.tension紧张；C.pain疼痛，痛苦；D.damage损害，伤害。洪水侵袭这个地区，它会”损害”庄稼、树木，这些都会导致鸟儿们离开。故选D。25.考查副词词义辨析。句意:此外，蛇的数量也减少了。A.Besides此外，另外；B.However但是；C.Therefore因此；D.Otherwise否则。根据aswell可知，洪水不仅导致很多鸟儿离开。而且，它还导致蛇的数量减少。故选A。26.考查动词词义辨析。句意:他意识到这是因为没有足够的树来保护它们免受炎热的影响。A.agreed同意；B.realized意识到；C.remembered记住，记起；D.predicted预测。Molai”意识到”鸟儿离开、蛇类减少是因为没有足够的树木。故选B。27.考查名词词义辨析。句意:他意识到这是因为没有足够的树来保护它们免受炎热的影响。A.noise噪音；B.heat热；C.disease疾病；D.dust尘土。根据常识可知，树木可以提供阴凉，从而保护鸟类和蛇类免受炎热的影响。故选B。28.考查名词词义辨析。句意:当然，解决的办法是种树，这样动物们就可以在白天寻找栖身之处。A.directions方向；B.partners伙伴，合作伙伴；C.help帮助；D.shelter遮蔽，庇护，遮蔽物。树木可以给动物们提供”遮蔽”。故选D。29.考查名词词义辨析。句意:他向森林部门求助，但被告知那里什么也不长。A.labor劳动；B.police警察；C.forest森林；D.finance财政，金融。根据前一句中的”Thesolution,ofcourse,wastoplanttrees”可知，Molai想要种树，所以他应该向”森林”部门求助。故选C。30,考查动词词义辨析。句意:然而，Molai自己去看了看，发现了附近的一个岛屿，他开始在那里种树。A.rebuilt重建；B.discovered发现；C.left离开；D.managed设法做成。根据前面的”lookingonhisown”可知，他自己去看，那么接下来就应该是他”发现”了一个小岛。故选B。31.考查动词词义辨析。句意:对一个孤独的男孩来说，在旱季给幼苗浇水是很困难的。A.Decorating装饰；B.Observing观察到；C.Watering浇水；D.Guarding守卫。该段后半部分叙述的是Molai想尽办法收集水的努力。再结合该句中的”thedryseason”可知，在旱季给幼苗”浇水”很难。故选C。32.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:对一个孤独的男孩来说，在旱季给幼苗浇水是很困难的。A.tough困难的；B.illegal非法的；C.fantastic极好的；D.beneficial有益的。根据该段后半部分的叙述可知，Molai想尽办法收集雨水，由此推知，旱季缺水，给幼苗浇水很”难”。故选A。33.考查名词词义辨析。句意:Molai在每棵树苗的顶端都搭建了一个竹子平台，在那里他放置了带有小洞的陶罐来收集雨水。A.back背部；B.top顶端；C.foot脚；D.side一边，一侧。根据该段最后一句”Thewaterwouldthendripontheplantsbelow”可知，水滴在下面的植物上。由此推知，竹子平台应该在每棵树苗的”顶端”。故选B。34.考查动词(短语)辨析。句意:Molai在每棵树苗的顶端都搭建了一个竹子平台，在那里他放置了带有小洞的陶罐来收集雨水。A.cooldown冷却下来；B.keepoff与……保持距离；C.purify净化，使纯净；D.collect收集。根据常识可知，陶罐是用来盛水的。由此可知，他将陶罐放到竹子平台上”收集”雨水。故选D。35.考查动词词义辨析。句意:在接下来的37年里，Molai继续种树。A.returned返回；B.learned学会；C.failed失败；D.continued继续。根据后一句可知，他的努力使1360英亩的天然土地成为许多动植物的家园。由此推知，在接下来的37年里，他”继续”种树。故选D。【题型演练】1WhenJimGrantspottedblacksmokecomingoutofabuildingonhiswaytowork,he1hiscartocall911.Thenhe2aU-turn,circlingbacktotakeanotherlook.Pullinguptothebuilding,Grantsawflames（火焰）shootingoutofasecond-floorwindow.Notseeingorhearinganyfireengines3.Grantrushedtoaside4andranupthestairs.Onthesecondfloor,he5everyapartmentdoor."Getout!"Grantshouted,Noone6andheassumedthatpeoplehadalready7.Reachingtheendofthehallway,though,Grant8ahalf-opendoor.Hekickeditwideopen,findinga9womaninawheelchairwithalittleboyandatinybaby."Let's10!"hescreamed.Thewomanlookedathiminconfusionandsaidsomethingaboutchangingherclothes.Grantdidn'twait,clutching（抓牢）thebabytohischestand11theboyalongside,Grantrandownthehallway.Whenhewas12outside,theonly13insightwasapoliceman.Granttoldhimaboutthe14andtheyrushedintothesmokybuilding.Thankstothem,afamilywassavedfromthefire.Grantandthepolicemanwerehonoredfortheir15.1.A.drove B.stopped C.reached D.abandoned2.A.saw B.made C.missed D.crossed3.A.burning B.leaving C.approaching D.waiting4.A.entrance B.road C.building D.window5.A.locked B.kicked C.counted D.repaired6.A.agreed B.cared C.responded D.understood7.A.arrived B.returned C.hidden D.escaped8.A.skipped B.closed C.noticed D.remembered9.A.frightened B.curious C.patient D.grateful10.A.turnback B.goup C.getout D.liedown11.A.following B.dragging C.examining D.passing12.A.safely B.secretly C.suddenly D.previously13.A.witness B.guide C.service D.help14.A.woman B.door C.car D.baby15.A.wisdom B.generosity C.honesty D.courage2Iworkasawaiteratarestaurant.Lastnightanelderlycouplecameintotherestaurantandmyco-worker1them.Weusuallydoourowntables,butbecausewewereso2lastnightthatwehelpedeachotherout.Thentheelderlycouple3tomethattheywerereadytoorder.Thehusbandbeganorderinganditwasveryclearthathehada4disorder.Icouldtellthewifehadtoldherhusbandverycomplexlywhatshewanted,asawayforhimto5ordering.Ittookawhileforhimtoorder,andinthemeantimeshewassittingthereandshelookedsoproudand6despiteherhusband’simmensestammering(结巴).Honestly,thewholethingjusthadastronginfluenceonme.Itwasbeautifulandjustmademethatahugepartof8isacceptance,toleranceandsupport.Shecouldhavemadetheorderandmadethingsalot9forherhusbandandavoidedthe10fromothertables,butshedidn’t.Instead,she11himandwasproudtoseehim12theorder.Thiswholethingremindedmethatlifeis13forallofus.IassumedthesewealthypeoplehadeverythinggoingwellforthemandI’msuretheydo,butitjustremindedmethatallofushaveour14.Iinitiallytooktheir15ofwantingtoorderasbeingrude,butIthinktheysignaleditbecausehereallywantedtogettheorderright.1.A.comforted B.seated C.asked D.ignored2.A.cautious B.anxious C.late D.busy3.A.signaled B.pointed C.adjusted D.appealed4.A.hearing B.mind C.speech D.sleep5.A.consider B.enjoy C.imagine D.practice6.A.awkward B.content C.upset D.curious7.A.realize B.expect C.wonder D.admit8.A.love B.praise C.reward D.dream9.A.clearer B.slower C.safer D.easier10.A.congratulations B.cheers C.wishes D.stares11.A.protected B.supported C.evaluated D.urged12.A.complete B.accept C.take D.obey13.A.valuable B.difficult C.unfair D.peaceful14.A.strengths B.problems C.fears D.mistakes15.A.command B.opinion C.gesture D.purpose3IntheThaicityofKhonKaenadogkeptwaitingaroundacrossroad1hewaswaitingforhisowner.Manycitizensbelievedthedoghadbeen2.Somewarm-heartedcitizensbroughthimfoodandwater.3themwasamiddle-agedladynamedRolwhocame4.Oneday,areporter5thedogandRolwhocameto6somefood.ThenthereportersharedthestoryaboutthedogandRolonsocialmedia.Thepostwentviralandthephotosgotshared7times.Andthephotosreachedtheeyesofthedog’s8owner,AuntieNoi.Shefeltheart-brokenforhaving9herbeloveddogduringacartrip.Whenshelearnedthathehadbeenwaitingforherinthesame10forthelastfouryears，herheartmelted.AuntieNoitoldherdaughterto11hertowherethedogwaswaiting.Whenshegotoutofthecarandcalledhisname,BonBon,thedogstartedwiggling(扭动)histailandcametoher，butwhenshetriedtotakehim12withher,hewas13tofollow.Shedidn’twantto14thedogtocomewithhersosheagreedtoleavehimwithhisnewmaster.15,sheandherdaughterwillcometovisithimregularly.1.A.because B.although C.asif D.until2.A.caught B.abandoned C.kept D.involved3.A.With B.Under C.Between D.Among4.A.regularly B.gradually C.suddenly D.slightly5.A.interviewed B.photographed C.drew D.dressed6.A.falloff B.fallover C.dropto D.dropoff7.A.hundred B.hundreds C.hundredof D.hundredsof8.A.elder B.former C.new D.young9.A.lost B.separated C.found D.failed10.A.platform B.spot C.stage D.screen11.A.walk B.follow C.march D.drive12.A.family B.home C.school D.factory13.A.lucky B.unlucky C.willing D.unwilling14.A.agree B.allow C.force D.control15.A.However B.Moreover C.Therefore D.Likewise4MuhammadYunus,aprofessorofeconomicsinChittagongUniversity,isthefounderofGrameenBank.Hisbank1peopletoborrowsmallamountsofmoneytostartbusiness.Heandthebankwere2awardedtheNobelPeacePrizefortheireffortstohelpbringmillionsofpeople,especiallywomen,outof3.Duringhisvisittothepoorest4inthevillageofJobranearhisuniversity,Yunusmetawomanwhomadebamboostools.To5herbusinessgoing,shehadtotakeoutusuriousloanstobuythebamboo.Hewentaroundthevillageandfound42womenwhowereinthesame6.Hemadealoanof$27fromhisown7tothewomen,andtoldthemtopayitback8theycould.Yunusbelievedthatifgiventhechancethepoorwould9theborrowedmoney,andmicrocreditcouldbeagoodbusinessmodel.Hegotallthemoneyback,andthenhewenttoother10anddidthesamething.Theofficialbanksdidn'twanttogetinvolvedinwhathewasdoing,soYunus11tostarthisownbank.ByJuly2007,theGrameenBankhad12$6.38billionto7.4millionborrowers.ThesuccessofGrameenBankhas13similareffortsinmanycountriesthroughoutthedevelopingworld,andeveninrichnationsliketheUSA.Morethan94%ofGrameenloanshavegoneto14,whosufferfrompovertyandwhoaremore15thanmentodevotetheirearningstotheirfamilies.1.A.agrees B.allows C.attracts D.wishes2.A.hopefully B.actually C.luckily D.jointly3.A.balance B.loss C.poverty D.home4.A.households B.students C.teachers D.children5.A.keep B.catch C.run D.find6.A.dream B.situation C.business D.place7.A.tuition B.school C.bank D.pocket8.A.while B.if C.whenever D.as9.A.save B.afford C.earn D.repay10.A.cities B.villages C.workshops D.countries11.A.managed B.turned C.chanced D.offered12.A.collected B.given C.issued D.donated13.A.appreciated B.inspired C.appealed D.made14.A.families B.people C.women D.villagers15.A.miserable B.difficult C.fortunate D.likely5Kipp'sbeenworkingasaUPSdeliverymanfor28years.He1whathedoes.“It'snotmerelyajob.It'sanextensionofmylife,”hesays.WiththeCOVID-19keepingsomanyathome,thedemandfor2hasskyrocketed,givingKippopportunitiestomakeevenstrongerrelationshipswiththoseonhisroute.Kippmakesfrequent3atthehomeofMax,a14-year-oldboywithautism(自闭症)who4thevisitsfromKippandseesKippashishero.Forseveralyears,Maxhasalways5forHalloweena