Unit 4 Breaking Boundaries Using language 课件高中英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第二册

Unit4BreakingboundariesWatchthevideoandlearnaboutthesubjectItinEnglish.It,asapronoun,canbearealsubjectwithanexplicitantecedent.Butsometimes,ithelpschangethepositionofthesubjectforemphasis.itExamples:It'srainingoutside.Itisimportanttobrushyourteethfromtimetotime.Itfeelsstrangeseeingyouforthefirsttimeintenyears.Lookatthesentencesfromtheinterviewandanswerthequestions.Whatdoes“it”refertoinsentences(a)and(c)?“It”refersto“nottotakeanychances”insentence(a).“It”refersto“torememberthatEboladoesn’trespectnationalboundaries”insentence(c).Whatisthedifferencebetweenthesentencesineachgroup?Whydoestheauthorchoosetousesentences(a)and(c)insteadof(b)and(d)?Thefirstsentencesineachgroupuse“it”asanemptysubjectatthebeginningofthesentences.Itasanemptysubject—it作形式主语当主语部分相对于谓语部分而言太长时，常把主语部分移到句尾，在主语的位置放上it。it没有具体的意义,仅用于使句子显得平稳，不头重脚轻。it作形式主语时常代替三种语法结构：不定式(短语)、v-ing(短语)和从句。

1.it代替不定式(短语)作形式主语it代替不定式(短语)作形式主语的常见句型:It+be+形容词+(for/ofsb.)todosthIt+be+名词+todosth.Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.It'suptosb.todosth.

ItisdifficultforaforeignertolearnChinese. 外国人学习汉语不容易。(It作形式主语，代替不定式复合结构foraforeignertoleamnChinese.)Itiseveryone'sdutytoobeythelaw. 遵守法律是每个人的义务(It作形式主语，代替不定式短语toobeythelaw)辨析："It+be+形容词+forsb.todosth."与'It+be+形容词+ofsb.todosth."如果形容词描述的是人的品质、品格,介词用of;如果形容词描述不定式所表示动作的特征,介词用for。It'simportantforustolearnEnglishwell.学好英语对我们来说很重要。It‘skindofyoutohelpme.感谢你帮助我。2.it代替v-ing(短语)作形式主语it代替v-ing(短语)作形式主语的情况远不及it代替不定式（短语）作形式主语那么普遍。常见句型：It+be+no

good/no

use/useless/awaste/+v-ing(短语)。Itisnogood/usehavingacarifyoucan'tdrive.如果你不会开车,有车也没用。(It作形式主语,代替v-ing短语havingacar)ItisawasteoftimewatchingTV.看电视是浪费时间。(It作形式主语,代替v-ing短语watchingTV)3.it代替从句作形式主语it所替代的从句可以用that引导，也可以用whether/if、连接代词或连接副词引导。Itwasclearthattheyhadnodesireforpeace.显然他们并不想要和平。(It作形式主语,代替从句thattheyhadnodesireforpeace)Itisdoubtfulwhethershewillbeabletocome.她能否来还很难说。(It作形式主语,代替从句whethershewillbeabletocome)4.it作形式主语的常见句型(1)

Itisapity/ashame/afact/anhonour/goodnews/nowonder/a

wonder/...that...。Itisapitythattheengineercan'tcome.可惜工程师不能来。Itisawonderthathecontinuestogamblewhenhealwaysloses!令人惊讶的是他一直输还一直赌。(Itis)Nowonder(that)youarelate.难怪你来晚了4.it作形式主语的常见句型(2)

Itis+形容词(strange

/natural/surprising

/obvious

/true

/fortunate

/wonderful

/funny/possible/impossible/likely/unlikely/clear/unusual/certain/important/...)+that...Itiscertainthathewillwin.他一定会取胜。Itisimportantthatweshouldlearnfromeachotherandhelpeachother.互相学习和互相帮助很重要。Itislikelythathewillringmetonight.他今晚可能给我打电话。4.it作形式主语的常见句型(3)Ithappened/turnedout/suddenlystruckme/occurredtome/.../that...IthappenedthatIwasn’ttherethatday.恰好那天我不在那里。ItsuddenlyoccurredtomethatIknewhowtosolvethatproblem.我忽然想起我知道怎样解决那个问题。4.it作形式主语的常见句型(4)It+be+过去分词(said

/reported

/announced

/decided/expected

/hoped

/known

/believed...)

+

that...Itissaidthatnothinghasbeendoneaboutit.据说至今对此没采取任何措施。Itisknownthatheisoneofthebestteachersinourschool.大家都知道他是我们学校最好的教师之一。4.it作形式主语的常见句型(5)Itdoesn'tmatter+that/what/where/whether/...Itdoesn'tmatterwhetherhecomesornot.他来还是不来都没关系。Itdoesn'tmatterwhereyouarefrom.你来自哪里都没关系。Vocabulary1.

belikelyto表示"有可能……"的句型还有:Itispossible(forsb.)todosth.Itispossiblethat...lItisprobablethat...练习：Ifyouarenoteatingproperly,it___________________________(你可能会感到更多压力).islikelythatyouwillfeelmorepressureVocabulary2.

rathernot...butrather.不是……,而是…ratherthan而不是wouldrather宁愿rathertoo相当wouldratherdo...thando..宁愿做……也不愿做……练习：Insuchacoldday,

I________________________________(宁愿待在家里也不想出去).wouldratherstayathomethangooutVocabulary3.rewardingreward

n.

回报，奖赏;赏金v.酬谢，报答，奖赏inrewardfor...

作为对……的回报rewardsb.for(doing)sth.

因…而奖赏/报答某人练习：Whenaskedforhisviewsabouthisteachingjob,Philipsaidhefounditvery_______________________(有趣又有益).interestingandrewardingRewritetheunderlinedpartsusingitasanemptysubject.itisnolongerquitesodifficultforwomenandminoritiestogetrolesinAmericanfilmandtelevision.itisnowamorerealistichopeforminorityactorstobecomealeadingactorinHollywood.Rewritetheunderlinedpartsusingitasanemptysubject.itismorecommonthanbeforeforwomentowriteanddirectHollywoodfilms.itisseenasacceptablebyfilmstudiostocastwhiteactorsasAsiancharacters.Describethecityusingtheinformationprovidedanditasanemptysubject.Beijing•notasurprisingthing/studentsseedifferentskin

coloursinthesameclass•possible/peoplehearmanydifferentlanguagesand

dialects•easy/peoplefindproductsfromallovertheworld•notdifficult/foreignerssettledownandfindajob•acommonthing/peoplefromdifferentcountrieswork

inthesamecompanyDescribethecityusingtheinformationprovidedanditasanemptysubject.Itisnotasurprisingthingforstudentstoseedifferentskincolorsinthesameclass.Itispossibleforpeopletohearmanydifferentlanguagesanddialects.Itiseasyforpeopletofindproductsfromallovertheworld.Itisnotdifficultforforeignerstosettledownandfindajob.Itisacommonthingforpeoplefromdifferentcountriestoworkinthesamecompany.Describeoneofthecitiesusingitasanemptysubjectwhereappropriate.Doonlineresearchifnecessary.•Toronto•Shanghai•London•Sydney ...Readthepassageandanswerthequestions.Payattentiontotheexpressionsinbold.Nowadays,peopleallovertheworldarebecomingmoreandmoreconnected,asiftheworldweregettingsmaller—asifwewerelivingina“globalvillage”.Technologyislargelyresponsibleforbringingpeopletogether.Channelsofcommunication,suchasthemobilephoneandtheInternet,havemadeitpossibletospeakinstantlywithsomeoneontheothersideoftheplanet,enablingustoformcloseconnectionswithpeopleofcompletelydifferentcultures.Thetelevision,meanwhile,isawindowontheworld,givingusquickandeasyaccesstootherculturesandlifestyles.Culturalexchangehelpsustobemoreinclusiveandtoovercomecultureshock.Butinclusivenessdoesn’tmeanthatourcultureswillmergeintooneanother.Rather,it’saboutcountriesandpeoplemakingajointefforttocometogethertocreateamoreharmoniousandunderstandingworld,sothatwecanallenjoythemutualbenefits.Readthepassageandanswerthequestions.Payattentiontotheexpressionsinbold.Itdescribesthephenomenonofthe“globalvillage”asrelatedtothepromotionoftechnologicaland

culturalexchange.1Whatphenomenondoesthepassagedescribe?2Whateffectdoestechnologyhaveonculturalexchange?Technologyenablesustoformcloseconnections

withpeopleofcompletelydifferentculturesandgives

usquickandeasy

accesstootherculturesand

lifestyles.CompletetheletterwiththecorrectformoftheexpressionsinActivity5.DearEditor,YourarticleaboutlivinginaglobalvillagereallystruckachordwithmebecauseI’vejustreturnedfromateachingprojectinCambodiaandThailand.Ihadbeenworriedaboutthe1______________,butfortunatelytheothervolunteersandlocalteacherswerereallywelcoming.Wewereableto2_____________________________eachotheraswellasourstudents.Throughout,wemade3_______________tomakeourclassesasuccess,sothatwecouldallenjoythe4______________ofworkingwelltogether.Itwasrewardingtoseehowourworkhelped5_____________________fromdifferentcultures.BeforeIwent,TVandtheInternetweremy6______________________,butbeingthereinpersonwasevenbetter.Ithinktheexperiencehastaughtmeto7_____________________andIcan’twaittodoitalloveragain.PaulcultureshockformcloseconnectionswithajointeffortmutualbenefitsbringpeopletogetherwindowontheworldbemoreinclusiveDoActivity7.Listentotheconversationandchoosethemainidea.MoreandmoreforeignwordsandexpressionsareenteringtheEnglishlanguage,especiallythoseaboutfood.ChinesefoodispopularintheUK,andmanyChinesewordsand

expressionsareenteringEnglishdictionariesasaresult.Interculturalcommunicationisincreasing,andpeopleallovertheworldhaveabetterunderstandingofeachother.Worldsportsarebringingpeopletogetherinthesamewaythatfoodis.Activity8Listenagainandcompletethetable.regionalwordsaremakingitwontonthefoodwenowfindinshopsandrestaurants/thefoodwebuyandeatallkindsoffoodalotofotherrestaurants/alotofchoicesItalian,FrenchandJapaneserestaurantsusechopsticksconnectingpeoplepeopleinBritaineatingChinesefoodpizzawhilewatchingthesamegameActivity9Completetheboxeswiththeexpressionsfromtheconversation.Really?That'sinteresting.Isitreally?Itisreallyamazing...Ialsofinditinterestingtosee...Nowonderitisn'tasurprisetosee...Itisnotunusualtofind...Activity10Workinpairs.Talkaboutanotherphenomenonoftheglobalvillageusingtheexpressionsinthissection.Nowthinkaboutanydifficultiesyouencounteredduringyourdiscussionandwhatyoudidtoovercomethem.Nowadays,peopleallovertheworldarebecomingmoreandmoreconnected,asiftheworldweregettingsmaller—asifwewerelivingina"globalvilage”.asif引导从句的用法as

if

意为"似乎,好像",可以引导方式状语从句和表语从句。其意义和用法与as

though的相同。

asif

引导从句的用法(1)

引导方式状语从句。Heopenedhismouthasifhewouldsaysomething.他张开嘴似乎要说什么。(2)

引导表语从句,常置于系动词look，seem,sound,feel,smell等之后。Listentothethunder!

Itseemsasifitisgoingtorain.听雷声!似乎要下雨了。(3)

as

if/though引|导的方式状语从句有时可用省略形式:asif/though+形容词/不定式/v-ing/v-ed/介词短语/名词。Shestoodatthedoorasif

(shewas)

waitingforsomeone.她站在门口,好像在等谁似的。(4)

as

if/though引导的从句的语气：①如果从句所表示的情况有明显的依据或实现的可能性较大,那么从句就用陈述语气;②如果从句所表示的情况没有依据,只是一种假设、愿望、推测等,那么从句常用虚拟语气。具体虚拟情况:虚拟情况从句谓语形式例句虚拟现在did(be动词一般用were)Hetalksasif/thoughhekneweverythingaboutit.他说起话来就好像对此事了如指掌。虚拟过去haddoneHewentonworkingasif/thoughnothinghadhappened.他继续工作,仿佛什么都没有发生。虚拟将来would/might/coulddoItseemsasif/thoughthemeetingwouldneverend.会议似乎永远也开不完。Rather,it'saboutcountriesandpeoplemakingajointefforttocometogethertocreateamoreharmoniousandunderstandingworld,sothatwecanallenjoythemutualbenefits.sothat引导状语从句的用法(1)

so

that引导目的状语从句,意为"以便,为了",这时从句中常有may，might,can，could，would等情态动词。Weshouldhaveaheart-to-hearttalkwithourparentssothatwecanunderstandeach

otherbetter.我们应该与父母倾心交谈,以便我们更好地了解彼此。(2)

sothat引导结果状语从句,意为"因此,所以",主、从句可用逗号隔开。Hewasverylovelysothatwelikehimverymuch.他非常可爱,因此我们都非常喜欢他。

(1)

so...that..表示"如此……以至于……",so后面通常接形容词或副词,that引导结果状语从句。ThisstoryissointerestingthatIwanttoreaditagain.这个故事非常有趣,我想再读一遍。HewalkedsoquicklythatIcouldn'tcatchupwithhim.他走得太快了,我跟不上他。(2)

inorderthat(为了,以便)也可以引导目的状语从句,有时可与sothat互换,so

that不用于句首,而inorderthat可以用于句首。Inorderthatwecanfinishthetaskontime,wewill