2024-2025学年高中英语Unit4NATURALDISASTERS4.1ReadingandThinking课时同步练习含解析新人教版必修第一册

Unit4NATURALDISASTERS4.1ReadingandThinking一.基础巩固I．单词拼法1.Alocalgovernment-fundedcompanywasresponsibleforbuildingtheplantanditalsobuiltallthesupportingfacilities（设施）likeroads,waterande________supply.2.Seasonaldroughtsarecausingmoreandmored________,threateningthesustainabledevelopmentandpeople'swell-beingintheregion.3.In2024,theMekongRiverexperienceditslowestwaterlevelsincerecordsbeganbecauseofd__________.4.GaosaidthatChinahashadnointentionto"rocktheboat"and/ord________theglobalorder.5.Thelittlemistaker_________hischanceofgettingthejob.6.Shedecidedtob_________thesecretdeepwithinherself.7.Peoplewhohavejustrisenoutofpovertycanfallintopovertyagainduetonaturald_____,illnessesorotherproblems.8.Ratesofextremepovertycouldrisetoa___________morethan1billionpeopleduetothepandemicintheworld.9.Thissummer,manyplacesinChinahavebeendamagedbyf___________causedbyheavyrains,withmorethan63millionpeopleaffectednationwide.10.Intherescuemissionin2008WenchuanEarthquake,ChenLusearchedforandr___________thoseinneed,dragginginjuredlegsandcarryingequipmentweighingover30kilograms.II.单句语法填空1.The___________(injure)weresenttothenearesthospitalrightawayaftertheaccident.2.Wewererescued______thesinkingshipbyapassingboat.3.Thebigfirecausedgreatdamage___________thebuildingbuiltlastyear.4.Whathetolduswasa___________story，whichmadeusall___________.(shock)5.Whenthecomet（彗星）getsclosertothesun,theenergyofthesunheatsthecomet,andgasanddust___________(eruption)fromthesurfaceofthecomet,formingahugedusttail,usuallyinyellow.6.Hewastryingtosavethegirl_______(trap)intheburninghouse.7.Iwassoweakthatevenstandingupwas_______effort.8._________(bury)himselfinthenewspaper，hedidn’tnoticewhatwashappening.9.Heusedto___________(suffer)fromthenoisecausedbygarbagetrucksaswellasbadsmells.10.Chinahighlyappreciatesthe___________(tire)effortsbytheWHO.III.短语填空inruins，insteadof，falldown，cometoanend，digout，inshock，blowaway，asusual,betrappedin,asif/asthough1.Whentheyoungman_______________thebuilding，hefeltveryhelpless.2.Yearsoffightinghasleftthecity____________(ruin)；itwouldtakealotofmoneytorebuildit.3.Theboywalkedslowly__________hehadhurthisleg.4.Cheerup！Theworldisnot_______________!5.Thesheltermight____________ifitrainsmoreheavily.6.___________beingannoyed，heseemedquitepleased.7.Iam30yearsold,soIoftentalkwithmycustomersabout_______________Thirty(apopularTVseriesinChina)8.Thesurvivorswere_______________，wonderinghowlongthedisasterwouldlast.9.Thatdayhewenttoworkoutinthegym____________.10.ItwasreportedthatanAmericancouplehad_______________alotofgoldcoinsfromtheirownyard.=4\*ROMANIV.翻译1.井壁上出现了许多深裂缝。_________________________________________________2鸡甚至连猪都太惊慌而不能吃东西,狗也不情愿进楼里。__________________________________________________________________________________________________3.仿佛世界末日即将来临！_________________________________________________4.在这次地震中死亡或严峻受伤的人数达到40多万。_________________________________________________5.地震刚刚过去，部队派出了15万名战士奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。__________________________________________________________________________________________________=5\*ROMANV.依据课文填空SeveraldaysbeforeJuly28,1976，manystrangethingshappenedinTangshan.Theyweresignsforanearthquake.Butpeople1.livedtheredidn’tthinkmuchofthat.At3∶42amthatday，theearthbegan2.________(shake)，3.destroyedalmostallthecityinfifteenterribleseconds.Peoplewere4.____shock.Laterthatafternoon,5.bigearthquakeshookthecityagain.Even6.(many)buildingsfelldown.Verysoonthearmysentalotofsoldierstohelp，andteamswereorganizedtodigoutthe7.(trap)andtoburythedead.Manypeople,8.(include)nursesanddoctors，cametorescuethosewhoweretrappedundertheruins.Slowly，things9.(improve)andthecitybegantobreatheagain.Withthegovernment’ssupportandthelocalpeople’stireless10.(effort)，anewTangshanwasbuiltupontheearthquakeruins.Itprovesthatintimesofdisaster，peoplemustunify.二、拓展提升Ⅰ.阅读理解ATheearthquakeisoneofthemostcommonnaturaldisasters.Itmaycausegreatdamage.Soitiswisetolearnsomesimplesafetytipstoprotectyourselforyourfamilymembers.Fragileitemslikethosemadeofglassareeasilybrokenandshouldusuallybeplacedonalowersurface，nearthegroundinsteadofplacingthemonthecupboardshigherup.Neverplacethemnearyourbed，sofasandotherfurniturewhereyouwouldbesittingorlyingdown.Whenthereisastrongmovement，thesepieceswillfallonthefloordirectlyandnotonyou.Thereisastrongchanceofshortcircuits(短路)andfireduringanearthquake.Makesureyouturnoffelectricalconnectionsandgasimmediatelywhenanearthquakehappens.Duringanearthquake，liebeneathanobjectthatisnoteasilydamaged.Donotgonearobjectsthatcoulddirectlyfallonyou.Neverusetheelevatortogodown.Stayinsideuntiltheshakingstopsanditissafetogooutside.Researchhasshownthatmostinjurieshappenwhenpeopleinsidebuildingstrytogoout.Usethestaircasesatalltimes.Ifyouareoutdoors，donottakeshelterunderatree，streetlights，electricpolesortallbuildings.Ifyouaredriving，stopyourcarandstayinasafeplace.Donotparkyourcarunderatreeoranytallobject.Iftrappedindebris(瓦砾堆)，coveryourmouthwithahandkerchieforclothing.Taponapipeorthewallsothatrescuerscanfindyou.Useawhistleifoneisavailable.Nevershoutforhelp.Shoutingcancauseyoutobreatheindangerousamountsofdust.Donotlightamatchbecauseyoumayburnyourself.Donotmoveaboutorkickupdust.1.Thepurposeofthepassageistotellreaders.A.thedamagecausedbyearthquakesB.therescueworkafterearthquakesC.howtopreventearthquakesD.whattodoaboutearthquakes2.Theunderlinedword“Fragile”inParagraph2probablymeans“”.A.EasilyfoundB.EasilybrokenC.Expensive D.Heavy3.Duringtheearthquake，peopleareadvisedto.A.gooutofthebuildingatonceB.drivetoasafeplacequicklyC.takeshelterunderatreeD.turnoffelectricityandgasimmediatelyBLiFangbohadanewcompanionwhilefightingfloodsthisyear－adrone.Ashedroveaboatthroughthewateronrescueoperations,thedrone（无人驾驶飞机）wasflyingoverheadinasupportingrole."Thedroneisabletogetintodangerouszonesquicklyanddetectwhetherthereisanyonetrappedandwhethertherescuerouteissafeornot,"saidLi,adroneoperatorfromtheWuhuinAnhuiprovince.Inadditiontodrones,aseriesoftechnologieshavebeenappliedinfightingfloodsthisyearinAnhui,whichhassavedtimeandenergy.YeMingdong,whohasbeenworkingatthefrontlineoffloodcontrolanddroughtreliefforyearsinDangtucounty,Ma'anshancity,hasseenthedifferencenewtechnologieshavemadewhilefightingfloodsthissummer."Inthepast,telephoneswouldkeepringingasfloodcontrolstafffromthetownshipsandvillagescalledtoaskaboutthereal-timeprecipitation（降雨量)andwaterlevels.Butthisyear,theautomaticmonitoringandreportingsystemhashelpedgatherkeydataattheriversandlakegates,"saidYe,deputydirectorofthecounty'sfloodcontrolanddroughtreliefoffice.Thesystem,firstappliedduringthefloodseasonin2024,gathersandtransmitsstatisticseveryfiveminutes,whichmakesreal-timestatisticsavailableontheinternet.Thereisalsoawallofscreenswithsignalsfrom70high-resolutioncamerasattheoffice,whichoffersreal-timeviewsoflevees（防洪堤）alongtheYangtzeRiver,high-risksectionsandimportantgatesinthecounty."Wealsohaveahelmetwithacameraattachedtoit,whichcantransmitreal-timeimagesfromrescuesitestoheadquarterstohelpdirecttherescuework,"Yesaid.ThismonitoringnetworkispartofChina'seffortstoapplybigdataandartificialintelligenceinfloodcontrol.AccordingtoLiuZhiyu,anofficialwiththeMinistryofWaterResources,ittakesonly10to15minutestogatherprecipitationandwaterleveldatafromallthe120,000flood-forecastingstationsacrossthecountry.Statisticsareconsideredkeyforfloodcontrol."Abundantinformationontheprecipitationandwaterlevelsontheupperandlowerreachesandthesurroundingareasisnecessaryforfightingfloods,"Yesaid.1.What’sthedronecandohelpLiintherescue?A.detecttrappedpersonsB.driveaboatC.flyoverheadD.fightfloods2.Whichpartisnotincludedintheautomaticmonitoringandreportingsystem?A.wallofscreensB.70high-resolutioncamerasalongtheYangtzeRiverC.ahelmetwithacameraattachedtoitD.adrone3.Whatcanyouinferfromthepassage?A.adronecanhelprescuepeoplewhendisasterhappens.B.theautomaticmonitoringandreportingsystemisaspecialnetworksystemusedforrecuinginthefloodsC.Statisticsareconsideredkeyforfloodcontrol.D.bigdataandartificialintelligencehastakenanimportantpartinfloodcontrol=3\*ROMAN=2\*ROMANII.完形填空Theearthquakewasoverandthecitywasinruins.Ihadnochoicebuttowalkhomeasallthe

1

hadstoppedasaresultofthequake.OnmywayhomeI

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anoldladyatabakeryshopgivingoutfreebread，whichmademyheart

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.Amanwasholdingasignsaying，“Pleaseuseour

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.”Hewas

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hishouseforpeopletogototherestroom.Myfriend，

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wantedtobeofhelptoothers，stoodinthecoldwithasign“Ifyoudon’t

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amotorcycle，I’llbegladtodriveyouhome.”AndthenIsawhimpickupanoldmananddrivehimallthewaytoafarawayplace!ThenextdayIdrovetohavemycar

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.Therewasnotenough

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nowandmanygasstationswereeitherclosedorhavevery

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lines.Igotworried，sinceIwas

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fifteencars.Finally，whenmy

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came，themansmiledandsaid，“

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thissituation，weareonlygiving$30worthgasperperson.Isthatalright？”“

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.It’snicethatweareallableto

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，”Isaid.Hissmilegavemesomuchcomfort.AttheescapecenterIsawaman

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whenpeoplebroughtfoodtohim.Itwasthefirsttimeinthreedaysthatfoodhadbeenbroughttotheircenter.However，afterhecleanedupthetears，hisnext

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surprisedme.“Iamvery

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thatweareprovidedwithfood.Butpeopleinthecitynexttoushaven’t

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anyfoodatall.Pleasegotothatcenteraswell.”Hearingthat，Irealizedtherewasabrightfutureontheothersideofthis

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.1.A.life B.businessC.rescue D.traffic2.A.noticed B.missedC.ignored D.caught3.A.kind B.brokenC.warm D.empty4.A.hotel B.toiletC.hospital D.house5.A.opening B.sellingC.repairing D.building6.A.who B.whomC.which D.he7.A.buy B.careC.matter D.mind8.A.usedupB.takenupC.filledupD.washedaway9.A.gas B.informationC.food D.water10.A.direct B.fineC.long D.thin11.A.behind B.betweenC.among D.beneath12.A.time B.turnC.duty D.decision13.A.ExceptforB.TogetherwithC.InsteadofD.Becauseof14.A.NotatallB.OfcourseC.NowayD.Nevermind15.A.share B.offerC.learn D.choose16.A.crying B.eatingC.smilingD.singing17.A.ways B.rolesC.words D.promises18.A.sure B.gratefulC.surprised D.proud19.A.boughtB.wastedC.preparedD.received20.A.disasterB.chanceC.cityD.center=3\*ROMANIII.短文填空AsfarasIknow，theheavystormwasoneoftheworst1.

(event)ofthecity.Ithitthewesternpartofthecitylastnight.Thewindspeedreachedeightykilometersperhour.Thestormcausedseriousdamage2.

atleasttwohundredhomes.Agreatnumberoffamilies3.

(be)lefthomelessaftertheroofsofthehouseswereblownaway.Scenesofthedisastercouldbeseeneverywhere，whichmadepeople4.

(frighten).InMainStreet，thecityparkwasfloodedcompletely.Manycars5.

(destroy)completelybyfloodwater.Onecarownerwithoutfullinsuranceburstout6.

(cry).Somecarswerecarriedacrosstheparkingareaanddumped(倾斜)intostorm-waterdrains.Inanotherblock，atreefellonabus7.

wastakingsomefootballplayerstoagame.8.

(luck)，nooneinthebusgot9.

(injure).Itwaspleasingthatthestormwasfinallyat10.

endafterdoingextremedamage.=4\*ROMANIV.写作假如你是高三学生赵刚，你与一名叫王林的灾区孤儿结对子赐予帮助。为了和他成为挚友，并在学习上赐予他肯定的帮助，请给他写一封信，信的内容包括：1.你个人的基本状况(年龄，爱好，特长，志向);2.向他介绍你的学习阅历(至少两条);3.欢迎他到学校学习参观。留意：1.词数100词左右;2.文章的开头和结尾已经给出;DearWangLin,It’sreallymypleasuretomakefriendswithyou.I’m…________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.Lookingforwardtoyourletter.Bestwishes.Yours,ZhaoGangARMYLIFETranslatedbyXuYuanchongCloudsonfrontierhavedarkenedmountainscladinsnow;ARMYLIFETranslatedbyXuYuanchongCloudsonfrontierhavedarkenedmountainscladinsnow;ThetownwithGateofJadestandsfaraway,forlorn.Wewillnotleavethedeserttillwebeatthefoe,Althoughinwarourgoldenarmourbeoutworn.从军行王昌龄青海长云暗雪山，古城遥望玉门关。黄沙百战穿金甲，不破楼兰终不还。答案：一.基础巩固I．单词拼法1.electricity2.damage3.drought4.destroy5.ruined6.bury7.disasters8.affect9.floods10.rescuedII.单句语法填空1.injured2.from3.to4.shocking,shocked5.erupt6.trapped7.an8.Burying9.suffer10.tirelessIII.短语填空1.wastrappedin2.inruins3.asif/though4ingtoanend5.falldown6.Insteadof7.NothingBut8.inshock9.asusual10.dugout=4\*ROMANIV.翻译1.Thereweredeepcracksthat

appeared

in

the

well

walls.2.Chickensandevenpigswere

too

nervous

to

eat，anddogsrefused

to

go

inside

buildings.3Itseemedasiftheworldwere

coming

to

an

end!4.Thenumberofpeoplewho

were

killed

or

badly

injuredinthequakewasmorethan400,000.5.Soonafterthequakes,thearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshantodigoutthosewho

were

trapped

and

to

bury

the

dead.=5\*ROMANV.依据课文填空1.who/that,2.to

shake,3.which,4.in,5.another,6.more,7.trapped,8.including,9.improved,10.Efforts二、拓展提升Ⅰ.阅读理解A语篇解读:本文介绍了在地震来临时，如何做才能把损害降到最低。1.答案D解析写作意图题。依据第一段最终一句可知，本文主要介绍在地震来临时的一些平安方面的建议，告知读者该怎么做。故选D。2.答案B解析词义揣测题。依据画线词后面的“likethosemadeofglassareeasilybroken”可知，fragile意为“易碎的”。故选B。3.答案D解析细微环节理解题。依据第三段最终一句“Makesureyouturnoffelectricalconnectionsandgasimmediatelywhenanearthquakehappens.”可知，在地震发生时，要确保马上关掉电源和液化气。故选D。B篇阅读理解1.答案A解析从文章第三段“Thedroneisabletogetintodangerouszonesquicklyanddetectwhetherthereisanyonetrappedandwhethertherescuerouteissafeornot……”，可知无人飞被用来探测被困人员和可行道路。故答案为A。2.答案D解析从文章第八段可知“theautomaticmonitoringandreportingsystem”总检测报告系统包括视频墙和从黄河、高危部位、重点部位高辨别率摄像头传来的“汛情”。所以这个系统包括A、B从第九段“Wealsohaveahelmetwithacameraattachedtoit”可知，“我们”头顶有带有摄像头的头盔。所以这个系统包括C。故答案为D。3.这是一道有关文章整体理解的题目，A、B是细微环节题。“infer”题要从文章基本信息做出新的理解，就是“Ifyouinferthatsomethingisthecase,youdecidethatitistrueonthebasisofinformationthatyoualreadyhave.”C是文章原句，没有“infer”一下。答案D是基于文章的“进一步理解”。故答案为D。=3\*ROMAN=2\*ROMANII.完形填空语篇解读：作者所生活的城市遭遇了地震。许多人的无私救济让作者感到暖和，而一些难民的举动也让作者感到这个城市会有光明的将来。1.答案D解析依据上下文可知，地震使得交通瘫痪，作者只能步行回家。traffic交通，故选D。2.答案A解析作者在回家的路上留意到一位老太太在给大家分发免费的面包。notice留意到，故选A。3.答案C解析一位老太太在给大家分发免费面包，这个场景使作者内心感到暖和。warm暖和的，故选C。4.答案D解析依据后面的“hishouseforpeopletogototherestroom”可知，这个人让大家运用自己的房屋，给大家供应便利。故选D。5.答案A解析此处指那个人打开自己的房屋给人们供应便利。open打开，故选A。6.答案A解析本句是非限制性定语从句，先行词是myfriend，关系词在定语从句中作主语。故选A。7.答案D解析在寒冷的天气里乘坐摩托车是很冷的，所以此句句意为“假如您不介意乘坐摩托车的话，我会特别乐意把您送回家”。mind介意，故选D。8.答案C解析依据下文可知，作者去加油站给汽车加油。useup用完，耗尽；takeup占据，从事；fillup充溢；washaway冲走，忘却。故选C。9.答案A解析依据后面的“manygasstationswereeitherclosed...Igotworried”可知，许多加油站没有足够的汽油了。gas汽油，故选A。