专题06重点语法知识梳理一（原卷版）-2021-2022学年七年级英语上学期期末考点大串讲（牛津上海版）

专题03重点语法知识梳理一目录TOC\o"12"\h\uGrammar1：形容词与副词的比较级及最高级 1【活学活用1】 4Grammar2：一般过去时 7【活学活用2】 8Grammar3：反身代词的用法 11【活学活用3】 13Grammar4：一般现在时&一般疑问句 17【活学活用4】 18Grammar5：表示方位的介词和介词词组 23【活学活用5】 24Grammar1：形容词与副词的比较级及最高级1.形容词与副词的比较级以及最高级：规则变化（1）一般情况下，单音节或双音节的形容词（或副词）比较级＋er，最高级＋est

clever－cleverer－cleverest,few－fewer－fewest,small－smaller－smallest等

（2）以e结尾的词，比较级＋r，最高级＋st即可

nice－nicer－nicest,cute－cuter－cutest,large－larger－largest

（3）以辅音字母＋y结尾的变y为i＋er或est

easy－easier－easiest,happy－happier－happiest,再如：early,busy,heavy,dirty,lazy.也如此

（4）重读闭音节的词，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加er或est构成比较级和最高级。

fat－fatter－fattest,thin－thinner－thinnest,hot－hotter－hottest,red－redder－reddest

wet－wetter－wettest,big－bigger－biggest

（5）以ful结尾的形容词，在原级前加上more或most构成比较级或最高级。helpfulmorehelpful—mosthelpfuluseful—moreuseful—mostusefulcareful－morecareful－themostcareful(6)多音节的形容词和副词，在原级前加上more或most构成比较级和最高级。beautiful－morebeautiful－themostbeautiful,delicious,popular,important,interesting,expensive等.

少数单音节词也是这样,如：

pleased－morepleased－themostpleased;tired－moretried－themosttired

不规则变化：原级比较级最高级many/muchmoremostgood/wellbetterbestbad/ill/badlyworseworstlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest注意：1）farther,further都可以表示距离，时间上的“更远”，但是表示“更进一步”时只能用further.We’dbettergetfurtherinformation.我们最好能得到更进一步的信息。2)older,oldest用于比较年龄的大小。older,eldest用于表示家庭成员间的长幼关系。He’solderthanI.他比我年龄大。LiQiangismyelderbrother.李强是我的哥哥。2．形容词和副词比较级和最高级的用法：1)同级比较：as+形容词或副词原级+asA与B一样HespeaksEnglishaswellasanAmerican.他英语说得和美国人一样好。2）notas/so+形容词或副词原级+asA不及B…Thereisnotas/somuchsnowhereasinTianjing.这儿下雪不如天津多。3）形容词或副词比较级+thanA比B…Thisdressismoreexpensivethanthatone.这条裙子比那条贵。4）比较级+and+比较级越来越。。。Winterising.It’sgettingcolderandcolder.冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。Ourcitywillbeemoreandmorebeautiful.我们的城市将变得越来越美丽。5）the+形容词或副词的最高级+比较范围（三者或三者以上）最。。。Hishorseruns(the)mostslowlyofthethreehorses.这三匹马中他的马跑得最慢。6）oneof+the+形容词最高级+名词复数+比较范围最。。。之一TheNileisoneofthelongestriversintheworld.尼罗河是世界上最长的河之一。7)the+adj./adv（比较级）+of+n.表示“两者中较。。。的”Sheistheprettierofthetwosisters.她是两姐妹中较漂亮的一个。Thisropeisthelongerofthetwo.这条绳子是这两条中较长的一条。3．比较程度的表示：1)某些副词和短语常用在形容词或副词比较级前表示比较的程度，如：much，even，still，far,alittile，alot,abit等。Shefeltillyesterday.Andshegotevenworsetoday.她昨天病了，今天情况更差。2)表示度量的词组也可以用来表示比较程度。HeisonlyayearolderthanI．他只比我大一岁。3)序数词常用在形容词最高级前表示程度。Chinaisthethirdlargestcountryintheworld.中国是世界上第三大的国家。4．比较级中应该注意的问题：1)只有同类事物才能进行比较。Hiscarisbetterthanmine.他的车比我的好。Thebooksinourlibraryaremorethanthoseinyours.我们图书馆里的书比你们的多。（比你们学校图书馆里的书多）2)被比较的事物中不能包括本身。Dickransfasterthananyotherstudentinhisclass．迪克跑得比班上任何一个学生快。(迪克是班上学生之一)还可以说：Dickrunsfasterthananyoftheotherstudentsinhisclass.(中国在欧洲之外)Lindaplaysbasketballbetterthananyboyinherclass.琳达篮球打得比班上任何一个男孩好。(琳达是女孩)【活学活用1】1)选出正确的答案1.Thispencilis___________thanthatone.A.longestB.longC.longerD.aslong2.Ithinkscienceis____________thanlanguage.Whatdoyouthink?A.importantB.moreimportantC.muchimportantD.mostimportant3.Whojumped_________ofthetwoboys?A.higherB.highC.morehighD.highest2)用所给词的适当形式填空1.Simonis________(good)atEnglishthanAmy.2.Thebluecaris_____________________(expensive)ofall.3.Sheis___________(busy)inmyfamily.4.Ithinkhikingis_____________(interesting)thandiving.5.Heworks_________(hard)thanIdo.3)完成句子1.我比他高。Iam______________________he.2.这朵花比那朵花美。Thisfloweris_________________________________thatone.3.他是所有人当中做得最差的。Hedid______________________ofall.4.六个女孩中，她吃了最少的牛肉。Ofthesixgirls,sheate______________________beef.5.Lucy是我最好的朋友。Lucyis______________________friend.4)比较级句型的拓展1.Theearthismuch___________(big)thanthemoon.2.Iamtootiredtogoany___________(far).Whynothavearest?3.Theproblemisalittle___________(different)thantheotherone.4.上海比江苏任何一个城市都大。Shanghaiislargerthan____________inJiangsu.Amy比她班里的任何一个同学都苗条。Amyisslimmerthan____________________inherclass.5)1.Myfatheris_________________(healthy)ofmyparents.2.Lucyis________________(clever)ofthetwins.6)1.你吃的蔬菜越多，你将越健康。______________vegetablesyoueat,______________youwillbe.2.你做得锻炼越少，你就越胖。______________exerciseyoutake,____________youwillbe.7)1.天气变得越来越热Theweathergets________________.2.这个女孩变得越来越仔细。Thegirlbees______________________Grammar2：一般过去时1.一般过去时：★一般过去时的构成：一般过去时用动词的过去式表示，动词的过去式有规则与不规则两种。规则动词的过去式在动词原形后加ed,不规则动词的过去式需另加记忆。动词过去式的变化方式：情况及变化例词一般情况，在动词原形后加edwork→worked,answer→answered,open→opened,play→played以不发音的e结尾的词，加dlive→lived,move→moved以辅音字母+y结尾的词，变y为i,再加edtry→tried,cry→cried,study→studied以辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，双写该辅音字母，再加edstop→stopped,plan→planned★一般过去时的用法：★表示在过去某个特定的时间发生的动作或存在的状态★表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态★表示在过去连续发生一系列动作【注意】若要表示“真理”或一件事情的“事实”等概念时，通常不用一般过去时，而使用一般现在时。【活学活用2】1．Iusedto________outalot,butnowI’musedto________athome.A．eat,cooking B．eating,cook C．eating,cooking2．WhichofthefollowingisRIGHT?A．Heisusedtolivethere. B．Sheislisteningtomusicat8o’clocklastnight.C．Ihaveborrowedthebookfromthelibraryfortwoweeks. D．Kidsunder18arenotallowedtodrive.3．ThefamousNBAbasketballplayerIwaslookingforwardto_________thegameatlast.weallfeltexcited.A．appears B．appearing C．appeared4．Mymother________whenshewasayounggirl.A．keepadiary B．keepsadiary C．keptadiary D．iskeepingadiary5．XiaoFei________tobeshy,didn’the?A．uses B．used C．useful D．using6．WhenI________ten,I________thispictureinapark.A．am;taked B．am;take C．were;taked D．was;took7．Hedidn’t________todo________.A．want;something B．want;anything C．wanted;anything D．wanted;anything8．Everyoneinmyclass________abagwithsomefoodlastFriday.A．take B．takes C．taking D．took9．Tina________thesciencemuseumwithherclassmatelastweekend.A．visit B．tovisit C．visits D．visited10．—Couldyoutellme________?—Twohoursago.A．whenyoufinishyourwork B．whenyoufinishedyourwork C．whendidyoufinishyourworkGrammar3：反身代词的用法反身代词的用法1）形式人称单数复数第一人称myselfourselves第二人称yourselfyourselves第三人称himself/herself/itselfthemselves2)作用反身代词在句中可以用作宾语、表语、主语的同位语、宾语的同位语。作同位语时表示“本人，自己”。Youshouldaskthestudentsthemselves.你应该问一问学生们自己。3)反身代词构成的惯用词组enjoyoneself玩得很高兴saytooneself自言自语byoneself独自的2.现在完成时态1)结构：have/has+动词的过去分词（肯定句）have/hasnot+动词的过去分词（否定句）have/has+动词的过去分词？（疑问句）过去分词的构成：规则动词（在动词后加ed），不规则动词（详见不规则动词表）。2)现在完成时态用来表示已经发生或完成的动作或状态，常与already,just,yet连用。Theyhavejustboughtanewhouse.他们刚买了间新房子。Thepatienthasn'teatenanythingyet.这个病人还没有吃过任何东西。HaveyoubeentotheGreatWall?你去过长城吗？3)现在完成时态可以表示持续到现在的动作或状态，常与时间状语since,for连用(since+时间点；for+时间段)，或者用于Howlong…？句型中，表示持续的时间。WehavelearnedEnglishsinceweweresix.我们自从6岁起就学习英语了。Mr.Lihasbeenanengineerforover20years．李先生成为工程师有20多年了。Howlonghavethefilmbeenon?电影放多久了？Forabout15minutes.大概有15分钟。注意：在现在完成时态中瞬间动词不能与“for+时间段”或“since+时间点”连用，瞬间动词必须转化为持续性动词。Hergrandmahasdiedfortenyears.(X)Hergrandmahasbeendeadfortenyears.(√)4)常用的瞬间动词转换为持续性动词表瞬间动词持续性动词瞬间动词e,reach,arrive,getto,joinbein,staydiebedeadopenbeopenclosebecloseleavebeawaybuyhaveborrow,lendkeepbee,turn,getbebegin,startbeongooutbeoutfallillbeillcatchacoldhaveacold【活学活用3】1．—Whydoyoulikelisteningtomusic?—BecauseIcanrelax________whenIfeeltired.A．yourself B．herself C．himself D．myself2．—Weshouldn’tworryaboutMary.—Youareright.Sheis________tolookafter________.A．enoughbig;her B．bigenough;herselfC．enoughold;her D．oldenough;herself3．—Whatdidyoubuyfor________lastDoubleElevenDay（双十一节）?—Nothing.Ionlyboughtsomethingformyparents.A．yourself B．myself C．himself4．—Nomatterwhathappens,justlove________andlovethepeoplearoundyou.—Ireallyagreewithyou.A．yourself B．your C．you5．Jimandhissisterareoldenoughtolookafter_______.A．himself B．herself C．themselves D．ourselves6．—HowdoyoulearnEnglishandFrench?—MrsLiteaches________EnglishandIlearnFrenchby________.A．me;me B．my;me C．me;myself D．my;myself7．—OurfirstEnglishclassstartedwithintroducing________.—Sodid________.A．us;we B．ourselves;we C．us;ours D．ourselves;ours8．—Jimplaysbasketballsowell!Whotaught________?—Helearntitby________.A．him;him B．him;himself C．himself;himself9．Hecan’trepairthemodelship________.Canyouhelp________?10．Thegirlcalledhermotherforhelpbecauseshecouldn’tsolvetheproblemby________.A．herself B．himself C．yourself D．themselvesGrammar4：一般现在时&一般疑问句1．一般现在时一般现在时表示经常、反复发生的动作，或一般情况下所存在的状态。它常和always、often、usually、everyday、sometimes等时间状语连用。一般现在时的用法：表示经常﹑反复发生的动作，现存的习惯或状态。常与often、always、usually、everyday、sometimes、never、onceaday、seldom等时间状语连用。Hegoestoworkeveryday.他每天都上班。MikeisanAmerican.迈克是一个美国人。表示客观事实或普遍真理。TheEarthgoesaroundthesun.地球绕着太阳转。Waterboilsat100℃.水在100摄氏度时沸腾。在连词when,before,if,assoonas,until等引导的时间和条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时表示将来的动作。IwillcallyouassoonasIarrive.我一到就会给你打。IfIfeelbetter,Iwillgowithyoutomorrow.明天如果我感觉好些的话，我会和你一起去。2．一般疑问句一般疑问句又称作“Yes/Noquestion”，常用来询问一件事情或一种情况是否属实。一般疑问句的结构是：be+主语+其他成分Isheinterestedinsports?他对体育感兴趣吗？Yes，heis．是的。他感兴趣。助动词+主语+动词+其他成分Doeshewearauniformatwork?他工作时穿制服吗？Yes．hedoes．是的，他穿制服的。HaveyoubeentoJapanyet?你去过日本了吗？No，Ihaven't．不，我没有。【活学活用4】1．Myphysicsteachertoldusthatlight_______fasterthansound.A．travels B．totravel C．traveling D．traveled2．Chinaisacountrywith_________populationintheworld.Aboutonefifthoftheworld’spopulation_________inChina.A．themost,is B．thelargest,are C．thelargest,is D．themost,are3．—DoesJack________aTVathome?—Yes,heoften________footballgamesonTV.A．has;watch B．have;watches C．has;watches D．have;watch4．—Theweatherreportsaysthatit________tomorrowinmostpartsofHarbincity.—Ifit________,theschoolsportsmeetingwillbeputoff.A．willrain;willrain B．willrain;rains C．rains;willrain5．—It’ssaidthatthisregion(区域)inFrance________someofthebestwine.Wouldyouliketotraveltheresomeday?—Sure,winesaremyfavorite.A．process B．products C．produces6．Thejacket________gowellwithyourpants.A．is B．isn’t C．does D．doesn’t7．—MustIfinishhomeworktoday?—No,you________.A．must B．can’t C．don’thave D．needn’t8．—________Jim________smallhands?—No,hehasbigones.A．Do;have B．Do;has C．Does;has D．Does;have9．—________yourmotherfreeattheweekend?—No.She________haslotsofworktodo.A．Does;always B．Is;always C．Does;seldom D．Is;seldom10．—Aretheseyour________?—Yes,________are.A．sisters;these B．sister;they C．sister;these D．sisters;they11．—Arethereanygirlsontheplayground?—________.Therearesomeboysonit.A．No,therearen’t B．Yes,thereare C．Yes,itis D．No,thereisn’tGrammar5：表示方位的介