广东省深圳市2023-2024学年高二上学期期中英语试题（含答案）

广东省深圳市2023-2024学年高二上学期期中英语试题姓名：__________班级：__________考号：__________题号一二三四五六七总分评分一、第一部分阅读理解，第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读理解TheYoungScholarsProgramTheUniversityofMaryland'sYoungScholarsProgramisaperfectsummercampforacademicallytalentedteenagerswhowanttoearncollegecredits,pursueacademicinterestsordiscovercollegelifeattheUniversityofMaryland.Theprogramischallengingandmeaningful.Studentshavetheopportunitytoshowthattheycanbesuccessfulinauniversityenvironment.TheActivitiesDuringthreeweeksofexploration,teenspreviewtheuniversityexperience,studywithstudentswhosharesimilarinterestsandcommunicatewiththebestteachersoftheUniversityofMarylandinadynamicandchallengingclassroomenvironment.StudentscanhavetripstonearbyWashington,D.C.andenjoymovienightsandactivitiesatthestudentunion.Workshopsandseminarsfeaturingspeakersinacademicfieldsfurtherenrichthelearningexperience.TheCoursesTheYoungScholarsProgramofferscollegecoursesthatareatthecuttingedgeoftheory,thoughtandtechnology.ClassesgenerallymeeteverydayfromMondaytoFriday.TheprogramisagreatintroductiontotheUniversityofMaryland.ParticipantscanbenefitfromtheUniversityofMaryland'svastresources,includinglibraries,computersandinstructionallabs.TheRewardsUponprogramcompletion,teenswillgohomewithbetterpreparationsforthecollegeexperience—bothacademicallyandsocially.Inaddition,studentsearnthreecollegecreditsthatposttotheUniversityofMarylandtranscript(成绩单).TheApplicationTheapplicationprocessincludessubmissionoftheapplication,highschooltranscriptandaletterofrecommendation.Ages:14-18Mailingaddress:TheUniversityofMarylandCollegeParkFormoreinformation,call3014057762.1．WhichisNOTtrueabouttheprogramaccordingtoparagraph1?A．Itisintendedforcollegestudents.B．Itcanoffercollegecreditsforteens.C．It'sworthparticipating.D．Itcanletteensexperiencecollegelifeinadvance.2．Whatcanteensdoduringthreeweeksoftheprogram?A．TheycanlearnfromthebeststudentsoftheUniversityofMarylandB．TheycanjointhestudentunionoftheUniversityofMaryland.C．Theycanattendameetingforacademicdiscussion.D．Theycanattendclasseseveryday.3．Ifyouwanttoapplyfortheprogram,youneed____.A．previewtheuniversityenvironmentaheadoftimeB．takeaparttimejobintheuniversity'slibraryC．submithighschooltranscriptD．call3014057762tocontacttheuniversityfirst.阅读理解ABritishwoman,Dr.Mantri,growingupinIndiastartedtonoticehisson,Dhruv,wasstrugglingwithsimplearithmeticwhenhewasinfifth-grade.Afternoticingthis,shestartedemployinganabacus（算盘）tohelphersonvisuallycomprehendmathematics."Iwouldaskhimsomethinglike35minus13andhecouldn'tdoit."saidDhruv'smomDr.Mantri."Idecidedtochangethewayhelookedatnumbers,"shesaid."Anabacusisatriedandtestedmethod,andtheEgyptiansusedthemforbuildingthepyramid."Injustsixdayshestartedtoshowprogresswiththeabacusandwouldgoontobecomeawhizzkidwithnumbers,withevenhisclassmates'parentsreachingoutforhelp.Sheneverthoughtshewouldteachhersonusinganabacus,whichsheusedasachildinIndiaanditwasalwayshelpful.Withinsixdaysshestartedtonoticeadifferenceandseeresults.Sodramaticwastheturnaroundthatschoolstaffaskedhimtoperformwiththeabacusatanassembly,wheresomeparentsevencametoaskforadviceonusingitfortheirkids.ITspecialistDr.Mantrisaidthehumbleabacuscanbeusedforcalculationsintothetrillionsandkidsenjoylearningonitbecauseit'slikeagame."Itbecomesaplayingtoolforyoungerchildren,foritfeelslikeagame.Ithinkthesuccesscomesbecausechildrencantouchandfeelanabacusandvisualizethem."Sheadded.Bytheageof12,Dhruvwasgivingonlinecybersecurityseminarsandisnowpursuingacareerindatascienceandanalytics.Dhruvhasnowlandedanapprenticeship（实习）ataninternationalfirm.Duringthefour-yearapprenticeship,hewillspendonedayaweekstudyingDataScienceandArtificialIntelligenceatGlasgowCaledonianUniversity."HeissoconfidentnowandIamsoproud,"shesaid,withDhruvadding"Idon'tthinkmyteacherswouldhaveguessedthatIwouldbefollowingacareerindatascienceatthattime."4．WhydidDhruvhavedifficultyinlearningmathematics?A．Hewasfacedwithlanguagebarrier.B．Hedidn'tfindaproperway.C．Hesufferedfromeyesightproblems.D．Helackedacademicsupportfromthefamily.5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"whizz"inparagraph2mean?A．Careful. B．Diligent. C．Outstanding. D．Struggling.6．Whydokidslikelearningonabacusaccordingtothetext?A．Theyfinditappealing. B．Theycancalculatefaster.C．Theyenjoyplayinggames. D．Theyareeagerforsuccess.7．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．DhruvwasaddictedtotheInternetat12.B．Dhruvisteachingdatascienceandanalyticsnow.C．Dhruvisafull-timestudentatGlasgowCaledonianUniversity,D．Dhruv'scareerchoicewasbeyondhisteacher'sexpectation.阅读理解InMay2012,Australia'sMacquarieDictionaryandtheMcCannAdvertisingAgencygatheredagroupoflanguageexpertstonameaphenomenoncommonintheageofthesmartphone.Theycalledthephenomenon"phubbing",anddefineditas"theactofsnubbing(无视)someoneinasocialsettingbylookingatyourphoneinsteadofpayingattention."It'snottheusualwaywordsbegintoexist.Amonthlater,thefirstexampleofphubbinginamajornewspaperappearedinalettertotheeditorofTheAge,publishedinMelbourne.Sincethen,thewordhasappearedinvariousmediatheworldover.PhubbinghasyettobefullyadoptedintheU.S.,butwehavecollectedsomeevidenceofitinuse.On29September2015,JamesA.RobertswroteintheHuffiningtonPost,"Inthepresentcase,phubbingisacombinationofthewordsphoneandsnubbing.Tobephubbedistobesnubbedbysomeoneusingtheircellphonewhileinyourcompany.The‘phubb'couldbeaninterruptionofyourconversationwithsomeonewhenheorsheusestheircellphoneorisdistractedbyit(stealglanceswhentheythinkyou'renotlooking)insteadofpayingattentiontoyou.Maybeworse,you'vebeenphubbedifsomeoneusedtheircellphoneinsteadofcommunicatingwithyouwhilestayingclosetoyou.Oh,theshame."Themeaningandvariousformsofthewordhaveyettosettleout.Isitphubbingifyou'restaringatyourtabletinsteadofyourphone?Isthesingularnoun(andthebaseformoftheverb)spelledphubb,asintheexampleabove,orphub,asinsomeothersources?Thesearethesortsofquestionswe'llneedanswerstobeforewe'rereadytoconsiderphubbinganditsrelationsforentry.Inthemeanwhile,youcanofcourseusephubbingifyoufeeltheneed.Itseemswealldothesedays.8．WhatdoesParagraph1mainlytalkaboutphubbing?A．Itsusage. B．Itsbirth.C．Itsinfluence. D．Itsdefinition.9．WhatmayphubbingprobablyleadtoaccordingtoJamesA.Roberts?A．Obviousembarrassmentinlife.B．Heavyrelianceoncellphones.C．Completeignorancebyyourfriends.D．Permanentbreakupofrelationship.10．Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraphaboutthewordphubb?A．Itarousesheatedarguments. B．Itprovestobesettled.C．It'snotincludedinadictionary. D．It'snotdifficulttounderstand.11．Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．WherePhubbingLeadsUs?B．WhyPhubbingRuinsOurLife?C．WhatMakesPhubbingCommonlySeen?D．HowPhoneSnubbingBecomesPhubbing?阅读理解Whatmakespeoplesospecial?Tooluse,self-consciousness,language,andculturearehighonthelist,butinfactallofthesecharacteristicscanbefoundelsewhereintheanimalkingdom.Humansandapesarecloserelatives,soitisperhapsnotsurprisingthatchimpanzeesusetoolsorthatgorillashaveasenseoffairplay,evenrejectingcarrots(whichtheynormallyaccept)whentheyseetheirneighborsgettinggrapes.Butthequalitiesthatweoftenthinkofasuniquelyhumanexistnotjustonland,butintheoceanaswell.Amongtheinvertebrates(无脊椎动物),octopuses(八爪鱼)areknownfortheirintelligence,evenexhibitingevidenceofplayfulness,tooluse,andpersonality.Buttheseskilledpredatorslivealoneandconsequentlylackculture.Dolphins,ontheotherhand,arelarge-brained,long-living,social-group-basedpredators,anditisherethatwefindthegreatestsimilaritytohuman-likecultureandawareness.Culturedependsontheabilityofanimalstopassonthingstheyhavelearnedtoothers.Manyanimalshavecultureinthissense,butwhatsetsdolphinsapartiswhattheypasson.Somebottlenosedolphinsholdspongesintheirmouthsthattheyuseastoolstosweepforfishhidingontheoceanfloor.Thisabilityishandeddownthroughgenerations(especiallyinfemales),withsomefamilies—grandmother,mother,anddaughter—allfeedinginthishighlyspecializedway.Anothercharacteristicthatdolphinssharewithhumansistheirabilitytorecognizethemselvesinamirror.Whenfacingamirror,mostanimalsbehaveasthoughtheyareinteractingwithanotherindividual.Eveninhumans,theabilitytorecognizethattheimageinamirrorisoneselfdoesnotoccurbeforetheageof18months.Dolphinsnotonlyrecognizethemselves,butifablackmarkisputonthebodyofadolphin,itwillspendextratimeatthemirrortolookatthemark.12．Theexampleofgorillasrejectingcarrotsshowsthey____.A．arenoteasytofoolB．preferfruittovegetablesC．haveaspecialtasteforfoodD．haveanawarenessofequality13．Whatdooctopuseslackcomparedwithdolphins?A．Socialinteraction. B．Intelligence.C．Toolusingability. D．Fun-lovingspirits.14．Whatmakesdolphinculturespecial?A．Theytendtohuntingroups.B．Theirhuntingskillsarepasseddown.C．Theirlearningenvironmentisfavourable.D．Theirfamiliesaretypicallyfemale-controlled.15．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．Dolphinsenjoylookingattheirownreflectioninthemirror.B．Dolphinsareasintelligentasatypical18-month-oldhumanbaby.C．Dolphinsaregenerallyregardedasthemostadvancednon-humanspecies.D．Dolphins'abilitytorecognizetheirownreflectionisahigher-ordermentalskill.二、第一部分阅读理解，第二节任务型阅读（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。In2013,digitalmediaconsultantBaratundeThurstonlaunchedanexperiment.Hedecidedtodisconnectfromhisonlinelifefortwenty-fivedays:noFacebook,noTwitter,notevene-mail.Heneededthebreak.16．Itdidn'ttakehimlongtoadjusttoadisconnectedlife.Bytheendofthatfirstweek,hewaslessstressedaboutnotknowingnewthings.17．HeenjoyedfoodwithoutTwitteringtheexperience.Buttheendcametoosoon.Afterthetwenty-fivedays.hehadtorestorehisonlinepresence.HisexperimentsummarizestwoimportantpointsaboutourrelationshipwithsocialnetworkslikeFacebookandTwitter.Thefirstpointisthatweincreasinglyrecognizethatthesetoolsfragment(碎裂)ourtimeandreduceourabilitytoconcentrate.18．Buttheproblemisespeciallyseriousifyou'reattemptingtoimproveyourabilitytoworkdeeply.Tofightbackagainstthesedistractions,ThurstonfelthisonlyoptionwastoquittheInternetaltogether.ButtheproblemisthatnooneismeanttoactuallyfollowThurston'slead.19．Thatistoacceptourcurrentdistractedstateasunavoidable.ThisbringsmetothesecondpointsummarizedbyThurston'sstory:itdidn'ttakehimlongoncetheexperimentendedtoslidebackintothefragmentedstatewherehebegan.Thisruleproposesathirdoption:acceptingthatthesetoolsmightbevitaltoyoursuccessandhappiness,butmeanwhileacceptingthatmostpeopleshouldbeusingfewersuchtools.Iwon'taskyou,inotherwords,toquittheInternetaltogetherlikeThurstondid.20．Thereisamiddleground,andifyou'retodevelopadeepworkhabit,youmustfighttogetthere.A.Hestruckupconversationswithstrangers.B.Itisarealproblemformanydifferentpeople.C."Iwasburntout,fried,anddone,"heexplained.D.Thisrealityaccountsfortheremainingalternative.E.Hehadtoreturntotheonlineworldwithbookstomarket.F.ButI'llaskyoutorejectthestateofhighlydistractedconnectedness.G.Fortunately,youwillbreakthehabitofsurfingtheInternetgradually.三、第二部分语言应用，第一节完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Iwasneververyneat.Yet,whenIarrivedatcollege,myroommatedidn'tseemtoappreciatemy21．.Iamnotsurewhythey22．ustogether.Kimwasextremelyorganized.She23．everythingandeachitemsheownedhaditsplace.Wewerealwayshavingahardtimewitheachother.ShewouldbemadatmydirtyclothesandIwould24．washingpowderheadaches.ShewouldpushmyclothingovertoonesideandIwouldlayoneofmybooksonher25．desk.However,itallcametoanendonelateeveningandIdidn'tevenknowwhywehadbothreturnedtoeachother's26．.Whenthephonerang,shepickeditupandIcouldtellfromherendoftheconversationthatherfatherwas27．ill.Whenshehungup,shequicklycrawledunderhercoversandIcouldhearherquiet28．.ThoughIdidn'tmeanforittohappen,1couldfeelthewarmfeelingsof29．risingupinmyheart.Itwassomethingnogirlshould30．alone.Whattodo?IsmiledasIgottheidea.Slowly,1begantoclearupmysideoftheroom.Itookbackthe31．Ihadsetonherdesk.Igotso32．inmyworkthatIdidn'tevennoticeKimhadcomeoutfromunderthecovers.Shewaswatchingmyeverymove,hertearsdriedandherexpressiononeof33．.WhenIwasfinallydone,Iwentandsatattheendofherbed.Herhandwaswarmasit34．overtograspmine.IlookedupintoKim'seyesandshesmiledatme.KimandIstayedroommatesfortherestofthatyear.Wedidn'talwaysseeeyetoeye,butwelearnedthe35．tolivingtogether:givingin,cleaningupandholdingon.21．A．untidiness B．dignity C．privilege D．capability22．A．persuaded B．stuck C．limited D．recorded23．A．recognized B．acquired C．simplified D．labeled24．A．puzzleabout B．inquireaboutC．complainabout D．jokeabout25．A．newly-furnished B．neatly-arrangedC．fully-occupied D．well-designed26．A．annoyance B．companyC．responsibility D．absence27．A．deadly B．slightly C．moderately D．gradually28．A．breathing B．murmuring C．warning D．sobbing29．A．forgivenessB,anxiety B．understandingC．comfort 30．A．sortout B．comeacrossC．switchoff D．gothrough31．A．book B．sock C．clothing D．pencil32．A．absorbed B．relieved C．overwhelmed D．deserted33．A．disappointment B．nervousnessC．disbelief D．frustration34．A．knocked B．reached C．swept D．got35．A．aim B．agreement C．objection D．key四、第二部分语言应用，第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Thecombinationofmusicandstudyhaslongbeen36．sourceofdisagreementbetweenadultsandchildren.Parentsandteachersalikemaintainthat37．(silent)isimportantwhenlearning,whereasyoungstersinsistthat38．(they)favouritesoundshelpthemconcentrate.Nowastudyshowsthatthe39．(grown-up)havebeenrightallalong.PsychologistsinFloridatestedhowfaststudentswroteessays40．andwithoutmusicinthebackground.They41．(find)thatthesoundsslowedprogressdownbyaboutsixtywordsperhour."Thisdemonstrates42．(clear)thatitisdifficulttocopewithlisteningandwritingatthesametime,"saidDr.Sarah.Shealsocametotheconclusion43．itisamyththatinstrumentalmusicislessdisturbingthansongs."Alltypesofmusichadthesameeffect,"shesaidinherreport."One'sabilitytopayattentionandwritefluentlyislikely44．(disturb)bybothsongsandinstrumentalmusic."sheadded.Dr.Sarahclaimedtheresearchdemonstratedthattheideathatmusiccouldimproveperformancewaswrong."Writinganessayisacomplextask.You45．(recall)informationandputtingitinorder.Butwhatisparticularlyworryingisthatmoreandmoreteenagersarestudyinginfrontofthetelevision."五、第三部分基础知识，第一节用所给词汇的正确形式填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）46．Havinganextrabathroomwasatfirstal(奢侈品),butafterwehadchildrenitbecameanecessity.47．Nothinginlifeismoreexcitingandr(值得做的)thanthesuddenflashofinsightthatleavesyouachangedperson;notonlychanged,butchangedforthebetter.48．Justasweneedlearntoswimbypracticingswimming,it'swidelya(承认)thatwemasterEnglishbypracticingit.49．Therobotisnotmeanttohavegreatintelligence,butitismeanttohaves(充足的)intelligencetodoboring,repetitive,ordangeroustasksthathumanswouldprefernottodo.50．Ourdefeatwasexpectedbutitisdisappointingn(尽管如此).51．Customerservicerepresentativesaretrainedtohandlee(遭遇)withangrycustomers.52．Theoneswhohadbeenl(贴标签)giftedaschildrenhadlowerpsychologicalwell-beingandfeltliketheirliveshaddisappointedeveryone'sexpectations.53．Thenonprofitorganizationprovidesaccuratefiguresanda(分析),butopposesuseofthedeathpenalty.54．ThefitnessappcouldtakeintoaccountmylunchandthenumberofstepsI'vewalkedtot(定做)aworkoutforme.55．Thecompany'sc(承诺)toprovidingqualityatareasonablepricehasbeenvitaltoitssuccess.56．Itisgenerallybelievedthatthenewvirusspeededthet(传输)ofthedisease.57．Theresidentsliveseparatelybutsharebiga(电器)suchaswashingmachinesandcars.58．Ifyou'rewalkingdowntherightpathandyou'rewillingtokeepwalking,e(最后)you'llmakeprogress.59．There'snowaythroughthecentreoftowninav(车辆)——it'sforpedestriansonly.60．Themainreasonforpickingorangeisthatthishueisoneofthemostv(看得见的)forsearchandrescue,includingsearescue.六、第三部分基础知识，第二节选词填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）根据句意，从所给词组中挑选合适的一项并用其正确形式完成句子，其中有两个选项为多余选项carryon;providefor;onthebasisof;inthissenseresultin;liveoff;appealto;cometopowerrunout;keepintouchwith;wearandtear;tosomeextent61．Milkteahasbecomeapopulardrink,alotofyoungpeople.62．Onecanneverdenythefactthatweallsufferfromsuchhumanweaknessesasidleness,moodiness,jealousyandvanity.63．,evolutionjustmeanschange,andnoonecandenythatthesechangesarehappening.64．Insteadmyfathertaughtmewhatheknew:thatbeingamanwasaboutsacrificeanddoingwhateveryoucantotakecareofandyourfamily.65．EmperorKangXitookaseriesofmeasurestodevelopthenation'seconomyafter.66．Itisdangeroustojudgefirstimpressions.67．Whenyouhavedifficultiesinyourlife,remembertokeepcalmand,andyouwillsucceedintheend.68．Researchersfindthatdietshighinfiberandlowinrefinedgrains,meatandsugarslessweightgain.69．Socialmediahasmadeitmucheasiertooldfriendsandacquaintances.70．Thoughheisthirty,heisstillhisparents.Heshouldbecomemoreself-reliant.七、第四部分应用文写作（满分15分）71．在学校刚举办的科技创新设计大赛中，你设计的一款老人智能陪护机器人荣获一等奖。请以"MyIntelligentRobotfortheElderly"为题写一篇英语课堂前的一分钟汇报，内容包括：1．设计目的；2．功能介绍；3．你的期望。注意：写作词数应为80左右。

答案解析部分【答案】1．A2．C3．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了马里兰大学的青年学者计划的相关信息。

【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、推理判断题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。1．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"TheUniversityofMaryland'sYoungScholarsProgramisaperfectsummercampforacademicallytalentedteenagerswhowanttoearncollegecredits,pursueacademicinterestsordiscovercollegelifeattheUniversityofMaryland."马里兰大学的青年学者计划是一个完美的夏令营，适合那些想在马里兰大学获得大学学分、追求学术兴趣或探索大学生活的有学术天赋的青少年。可知，该计划针对的是想在马里兰大学学习的青少年，而不是大学生，所以A项错误。故选A。2．考查推理判断。根据TheActivities部分中的"Duringthreeweeksofexploration,teenspreviewtheuniversityexperience,studywithstudentswhosharesimilarinterestsandcommunicatewiththebestteachersoftheUniversityofMarylandinadynamicandchallengingclassroomenvironment."在为期三周的探索中，青少年们在充满活力和挑战的课堂环境中预览大学经历，与有相似兴趣的学生一起学习，并与马里兰大学最好的老师交流。可知，青少年们可以与老师进行交流，并与有相似兴趣的学生一起学习，可推知，青少年们可以参加有关学术讨论的会议。故选C。3．考查细节理解。根据TheApplication部分中的"Theapplicationprocessincludessubmission(提交)oftheapplication,highschooltranscriptandaletterofrecommendation."申请程序包括提交申请、高中成绩单和推荐信。可知，要申请该项目需要提交申请、高中成绩单和推荐信。故选C。【答案】4．B5．C6．A7．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一位英国女性Mantri用算盘帮助不擅长数学的儿子取得进步的故事。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。4．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"Afternoticingthis,shestartedemployinganabacus(算盘)tohelphersonvisuallycomprehendmathematics."注意到这一点后，她开始用算盘来帮助儿子直观地理解数学；以及第二段中的"Injustsixdayshestartedtoshowprogresswiththeabacusandwouldgoontobecomeawhizzkidwithnumbers"在短短6天里，他开始在算盘方面取得进步，并成为了数字方面的能手。可知，Dhruv五年级时在算术方面很吃力，他的妈妈用算盘来帮助他直观地理解数学，他取得了很大进步，因此一开始Dhruv在学习算术方面有困难是因为他没有找到合适的方法。故选B。5．考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的"Injustsixdayshestartedtoshowprogresswiththeabacus"在短短6天里，他开始在算盘方面取得进步；以及"withevenhisclassmates'parentsreachingoutforhelp"甚至他同学的父母都向他求助。可知，此处指Dhruv在使用算盘后成为了数字方面的能手，whizz意为"优秀的，出色的"。故选C。6．考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段"ITspecialistDr.Mantrisaidthehumbleabacuscanbeusedforcalculationsintothetrillionsandkidsenjoylearningonitbecauseit'slikeagame.‘Itbecomesaplayingtoolforyoungerchildren,foritfeelslikeagame.Ithinkthesuccesscomesbecausechildrencantouchandfeelanabacusandvisualizethem.'Sheadded."IT专家Mantri博士说，简单的算盘可以用来计算万亿，孩子们喜欢学习它，因为它就像一个游戏。‘对于年幼的孩子来说，它变成了一个游戏工具，因为它感觉像一个游戏。我认为成功的原因在于孩子们可以触摸和感觉算盘，并将其形象化。'她补充道。可知，孩子喜欢用算盘学习是因为它就像一个游戏，对孩子来说有吸引力。故选A。7．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"Idon'tthinkmyteacherswouldhaveguessedthatIwouldbefollowingacareerindatascienceatthattime."我认为我的老师当时不会想到我会从事数据科学的职业。可知，Dhruv的职业选择超出了老师的预期。故选D。【答案】8．B9．A10．C11．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了phubbing这个新词的诞生。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和标题归纳三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。8．考查段落大意。根据第一段"InMay2012,Australia'sMacquarieDictionaryandtheMcCannAdvertisingAgencygatheredagroupoflanguageexpertstonameaphenomenoncommonintheageofthesmartphone.Theycalledthephenomenon‘phubbing',anddefineditas‘theactofsnubbing(无视)someoneinasocialsettingbylookingatyourphoneinsteadofpayingattention.'It'snottheusualwaywordsbegintoexist."2012年5月，澳大利亚麦格理词典和麦肯广告公司召集了一组语言专家，为智能手机时代常见的一种现象命名。他们称这种现象为"phubbing"，并将其定义为"在社交场合看手机而不注意的怠慢行为"。这不是文字存在的常见方式。可知，这一段主要讲述如何产生了"phubbing"这个词，以及它的意思，所以是讲这个词的诞生。故选B。9．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"Tobephubbedistobesnubbedbysomeoneusingtheircellphonewhileinyourcompany.The‘phubb'couldbeaninterruptionofyourconversationwithsomeonewhenheorsheusestheircellphoneorisdistractedbyit(stealglanceswhentheythinkyou'renotlooking)insteadofpayingattentiontoyou.Maybeworse,you'vebeenphubbedifsomeoneusedtheircellphoneinsteadofcommunicatingwithyouwhilestayingclosetoyou.Oh,theshame.""被"phubbed"是指在陪同你的时候，那些人一直在用他们的手机，而你被人冷落。"phubb"可能是当某人使用他或她的手机或被手机分心(在他们认为你没有注意的时候偷看他们)而不是注意你时，打断你们的谈话。也许更糟糕的是，如果有人在靠近你的时候使用手机而不和你交流，你一直被冷落。哦，真丢人。可知，"phubbing"可能会导致你被玩手机的朋友们忽视而感到丢人。故选A。10．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"Thesearethesortsofquestionswe'llneedanswerstobeforewe'rereadytoconsiderphubbinganditsrelationsforentry."在我们准备考虑phubbing和它的相关为词条之前，我们需要回答这些问题。可知，这个词成为词条之前还有许多问题要处理，因此推断的这个词还没有被收录入字典。故选C。11．考查标题归纳。根据第一段"InMay2012,Australia'sMacquarieDictionaryandtheMcCannAdvertisingAgencygatheredagroupoflanguageexpertstonameaphenomenoncommonintheageofthesmartphone.Theycalledthephenomenon‘phubbing',anddefineditas‘theactofsnubbing(无视)someoneinasocialsettingbylookingatyourphoneinsteadofpayingattention.'It'snottheusualwaywordsbegintoexist."2012年5月，澳大利亚麦格理词典和麦肯广告公司召集了一组语言专家，为智能手机时代常见的一种现象命名。他们称这种现象为"phubbing"，并将其定义为"在社交场合看手机而不注意的怠慢行为"。这不是文字存在的常见方式；以及最后一段中的"Themeaningandvariousformsofthewordhaveyettosettleout."这个词的意思和各种形式还没有确定。可知，整篇文章都是围绕phubbing这个词来讨论的，从它的诞生，适用范围，到还没有确定的意思和各种形式。"PhoneSnubbing是如何变成Phubbing的？"适合做文章的标题，故选D。【答案】12．D13．A14．B15．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了是什么让人类如此特别?工具使用、自我意识、语言和文化都排在前列，但事实上，所有这些特征都可以在动物王国的其他地方找到，并以海豚为例，说明了海豚文化和海豚的心智技能。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。12．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"Humansandapesarecloserelatives,soitisperhapsnotsurprisingthatchimpanzeesusetoolsorthatgorillashaveasenseoffairplay,evenrejectingcarrots(whichtheynormallyaccept)whentheyseetheirneighborsgettinggrapes."人类和猿类是近亲，所以黑猩猩会使用工具或者大猩猩有公平竞争的意识也就不足为奇了，当它们看到自己的邻居拿葡萄时，它们甚至会拒绝胡萝卜(它们通常会接受)。可知大猩猩拒绝胡萝卜的例子表明它们有平等意识。故选D。13．考查细节理解。根据第二段"Amongtheinvertebrates(无脊椎动物),octopuses(八爪鱼)areknownfortheirintelligence,evenexhibitingevidenceofplayfulness,tooluse,andpersonality.Buttheseskilledpredatorslivealoneandconsequentlylackculture.Dolphins,ontheotherhand,arelarge-brained,long-living,social-group-basedpredators,anditisherethatwefindthegreatestsimilaritytohuman-likecultureandawareness."在无脊椎动物中，章鱼以它们的智力而闻名，甚至显示出顽皮、使用工具和个性的证据。但这些熟练的捕食者独自生活，因此缺乏文化。另一方面，海豚是脑容量大、寿命长、以社会群体为基础的掠食者，正是在这里，我们发现了它们与类人文化和意识的最大相似之处。可知和海豚相比，章鱼缺少社会互动。故选A。14．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"Manyanimalshavecultureinthissense,butwhatsetsdolphinsapartiswhattheypasson.Somebottlenosedolphinsholdspongesintheirmouthsthattheyuseastoolstosweepforfishhidingontheoceanfloor.Thisabilityishandeddownthroughgenerations(especiallyinfemales),withsomefamilies-grandmother,mother,anddaughter-allfeedinginthishighlyspecializedway."从这个意义上说，许多动物都有文化，但让海豚与众不同的是它们传承的文化。一些宽吻海豚嘴里衔着海绵，它们用海绵作为工具来清扫躲藏在海底的鱼类。这种能力代代相传(尤其是雌性)，一些家庭——祖母、母亲和女儿——都以这种高度专门化的方式喂养。可知让海豚文化如此特别的是它们的狩猎技巧代代相传。故选B。15．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"Dolphinsnotonlyrecognizethemselves,butifablackmarkisputonthebodyofadolphin,itwillspendextratimeatthemirrortolookatthemark."海豚不仅能认出自己，而且如果海豚身上有一个黑色的标记，它会花额外的时间在镜子前看这个标记。可推知海豚识别自己倒影的能力是一种更高阶的心智技能。故选D。【答案】16．C；17．A；18．B；19．D；20．F【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了数字媒体顾问BaratundeThurston25天不上网的实验，这个实验总结出社交媒体分散我们的时间且使我们集中注意力的能力下降，作者最后建议适度使用媒体社交工具。

【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇科研类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。16．根据空前"Hedecidedtodisconnectfromhisonlinelifefortwenty-fivedays:noFacebook,noT