新视野大学英语第四册第8单元听力答案

Uint8

ILBasicListeningPractice

1.Script

M：Scentistsclaimtheworldpopulationhas99.5%ofthesameDNA.

W:Butthisdoesn'ttellusthereisnosuchthingasrace.

Q:WhatistrueoftheDNAofdifferenceraces?

2.Script

W:Withtheadventofthegeneticmapweknowwhereeverythingis,butdoweknow

wheretogowithit?

M:Yourmapseemstodifferlargelyfrommygeographicalmap!

Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?

3.Script

M:Asyouknow,ithastakenmillionsofyearsofevolutionandnaturalselectionto

getuswherewearetoday.

W:Yes,butnowthatwehavegeneticengineering,weseemtohavedecidedthatwe

wanttobeGod.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?

4.Script

M:Ithinktheresearchintocloningwillleadusintodangers,fillinguswithfalse

hopesofperfection.

W:It'stoolatetoturnbacktheclock.We'lljusthavetodependoncommonsenseto

solveuncommonproblems.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

5.Script

W:InAmerica,manyprisonersarehavingtheircasesreviewed,andsomehaveeven

beenfreedthroughDNAtesting.

M:Exceptfortheoneswhosedeathsentencehasalreadybeencarriedout.

Q:WhatcanwelearnaboutDNAtestingfromthedialog?

Keys:1.B2.C3.D4.A5.C

III.ListeningIn

Task1:StemCellResearch

Script

Gregory:TheRepublicanpartyinAmericaisopposingstemcellresearch.Ifindit

hardtobelievethatinthisdayandage,someonewoulddothat.

Lillian:Stemcellresearchsoundsprettyimpressive,Tiladmit.Butjustwhatisit?

Gregory:Well,astemcellisaspecialtypeofcell.Itisageneralcellthat,whenit

devides,canbecomeanyspecifictypeofcell.

Lillian:Youmean,astemcellcanbecomeaheartcell?Orabrainorakidneycell?

Gregory:Thafsaboutit.Stemcellsareapartofthebody'smaintenanceandrepair

system.Whentheydivide,theycanbecomeanycelltype.

Lillian:1guesstherewouldbesometremendousmedicaladvantagesinthatsortof

research.

Gregory:You'vesaidamouthful.Recently,scientistswereabletohelpamanwho

lostajawboneforcancer.Theyrecreatedbonematerialforhisjawfromstem

cells.Whatitmeansisthatsincethenewbonewascreatedoutofthe

person'sowncells,therewasnoproblemwithrejectionbecausetheDNA

wasthesame.

Lillian:Ibetthepersonwasdelighted.Whywouldanyoneopposethatsortof

research?Itwouldseemtohaveendlesspotentialtobenefitthehumanrace.

Gregory:Iagree,buttherearepeoplewhothinkweshouldnotinterferewithnature

andmanipulate“whatisnatural”.

Lillian:It'seasiertoholdsuchanarrowviewifyou'renotinapositiontoneedthe

benefitsoftheresearch.Ifyou'remissingajawbonebecauseofcancer,you

probablysupporttheresearch.

1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

2.Whoisagainststemcellresearch?

3.Whatisspecialaboutastemcell?

4.Whencanastemcellbecomeanothercelltype?

5.Accordingtothepassage,whydosomepeopleopposestemcellresearch?

Keys:l.B2.A3.A4.A5.D

Task2:TheImprovementofRice

Script

Scientistsnowknowalotmoreaboutagrainthatpeoplehaveeatenfortenthousand

years.(SI)Researchteamsaroundtheworldhavecompletedamapofthe(S2)genes

ofrices.Thefindingsappearedlastweekinthe(S3)journalNature.

Theaimistospeeduptheimprovementofrice.Thescientists(S4)warnthatthe

kindsofriceplantsusednowhavereachedthelimitoftheir(S5)productivity.Yet

worldriceproductionmust(S6)growbyanestimated30percentinthenexttwentyto

meetdemand.By2025,asmanyas4.6billionpeoplewilldependonricefor(S7)

survival.Thereisalotofpressureonbreederstoimprovethecrop,andtherice

genomeisavaluabletooltodothat.(S8)Plantbreedershavealreadyused

preliminaryinformationfromthericegenometocreateexperimentalstrainsofrice

thatbetterresistcoldandpests.

Theresearchersalsosayriceisanexcellentchoiceforgeneticmappingand

engineering.Ricegeneshaveonlyabout390millionchemicalbases.Thatmaight

soundlikealot.Butothermajorfoodgrainshavethousandsofmillions.(S9)The

newmapcouldbetterexplainmorethanjustrice.Ricesharesacommonancestor

withothercerealcrops.Becausericeisthefirstcerealcroptobefullyanalyzed,

researchersexpectthatsufficientknowledgeofitsgeneticinformationwillrevealthe

heredityofmorecomplexgrains,includingcorn,wheatandbarley.

(S10)Whilesignificantprogresshasbeenmadeintheanalysisofthericeqenome,the

mappingofhumanNenesisalsomakingheadway.Whenscientistscanidentifyand

manipulategenesthatcausecertaindiseases,mankindwillcurethemeasily.The

humangeneticmapmayhelpuscontrolaperson'sheight,weight,appearanceand

evenlengthoflife.

Task3:TheFirstClonedCat

Script

Intheage-oldbattleofcatsanddogs,scoreoneforthecats.ResearchersatTexas

A&MUniversityrecentlyannouncedthattheyhavesuccessfullyclonedacatname

Rainbow-thefirstpetevercloned-afterseveralyearsofunsuccessfuleffortsto

cloneadognameMissy.

Theork,financedbyacompanyhopingtoprovidepet-cloningservicestowealthy

owners,addscatstoagrowinglistofsuccessfullyclonedanimalsthatincludespigs,

sheep,cattleandmice.

Thesuccessdemonstratescloningisatechnologythatcouldbetransferredtoother

animalfamiliesaswell.Theaccomplishmentmayprovidenewtoolsforstudying

diseasessuchascats'AIDS,avaluableresearchmodelforAIDSinhumans.

Researchintoanimalcloningremainsanimportantscientificalternativeuntilthe

issueofhumancloningissettled.Andthatseemsunliklyintheimmediatefuture,for

itinvolvesreligiousandmoralprinciples.Thereare,forexample,groupsthatinsistno

oneshouldbeallowedtotakeontheroleofGodtheCreator.

Tocreateclonedcatembryosfortheexperiment,researcherstransferredDNAfrom

adultcatcellsintoeggcellsstrippedoftheirowngeneticinformation.Outof82

attemptswithclonedembryos,oneattemptresultedinafailedpregnancy,andanother

yieldedakittennamedCC,deliveredfromasurrogatemotheronDecember22.The

kitten'snamerefersto"CarbonCopy”and"Copycat”,thenameofthecloning

project.

Cloningattemptswithdogshaveprovenunsuccessfulinpartbecause

dogs^eproductivecyclesaremorecomplicated.

ThetechniquemayalsoworkwithendangeredcatssuchastheAfricanwildcat,

fishingcatandblackfbotedcat.

Ironically,theincreasedknowledgeofcatreproductionmaybestbesuitedfor

developingcatcontraceptivestocontroltheU.S.catpopulation.

1.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

1.WhatdidresearchersatTexasA&MUniversityrecentlyannounce?

2.WhichanimalsareNOTmentionedinthepassageashavingbeencloned?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whyishumancloningunlikelytohappeninthenear

future?

4.Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutthepregnancyandbirthincatcloning?

Keys:l.A2.B3.C4.B5.C

IV.SpeakingOut

MODEL1Whyarepeopleprotestingagainst

geneticallymodifiedfoods?

Susan:Withsomanypeoplesufferingfrommalnutritionaroundtheworld,whyare

peopleprotestingagainstgeneticallymodifiedfoods?

Chris:Somepeopleareprotestingaboutgeneticallymodifiedfoods,butevenmore

peopleareprotestingthefactthatprocessedfoodscontainingthese

ingredientsaren'tlabeled.

Susan:Butwhyshouldtheybelabeled?

Chris:Noteveryoneissurethatgeneticallymodifiedfoodsaresafe.Theywanttobe

certainthatbiotechfoodshavethesmecompositionasornanicfoods.

Susan:Buttherearemoreurgentproblemsinthisworld.Manypeoplearedyingof

starvation.

Chris:Butthosewhoaren'tstarvingmaywantgeneticallymodifiedfoodstobe

labeledsotheyknowwhatfoodstheyshouldanddshouldn'teat.

Susan:Youknow,Iheardofageneticallymodifiedfishthatgrewtobetentimesits

normalsize.

Chris:Thatsuresoundsabnormal.

Susan:Yeah,itdoessoundabitstrange,butthatfishcouldfeedtentimesasmany

people,

Chris:You'reright;geneticallymodifiedfoodmighthelpsolveworldhunger.ButI

thinkwehavearighttoknowwhatweareeating.

MODEL2Doyouthinkthecloningofhumans

shouldbeforbiddenbylaw?

Script

Susan:AfterthecloningofDollythesheep,Ithinkhumancloningisnext.

John:Whoa.Ihavesomereservationsaboutit.Therearestllmanyscientific

problems

tosolvebeforehumancloningstarts.

Susan:There'saneasierway.TheClonaidCompanysaysthey'veclonedhumans.

John:Oh,myGod!Theseguysclaimaliensfromanotherplanettaughtthemhuman

cloning.

Susan:Awomangavethemhalfamilliondollarstocloneherdeaddaughter.

John:Clearlythatwomandoesn'tknowmuchaboutcloning.Howriskyitis!

Susan:Iknowit'sinefficient.Ittook276triestoproduceDolly.Butwhyisitrisky?

John:Clonedanimalsgrowabno门nallylargeandaqeunaatuiallyfast.

Susan:Inotherwords,thatwomanmaynotbehappywithhercloneddaughter.

John:Thentherearetheemotions.Nooneknowsifcloningdamagesthemind.

Susan:Doyouthinkthecloningofhumansshouldbeforbiddenbylaw?

John:Tomymind,thecloningofhumanorgansshouldn'tbeorohabited.Itmayhelp

solvemedicalproblems.

Susan:Iseeyourpoint:cloningshouldbeceRulatedifit'stobenefithumanity.

MODEL3Isitinterferingwithnature?

Script

Nora:Somereligiousgroupsareopposedtogeneticresearch.Theybelieveit's

interferingwithnature.

John:Iknow.Butnaturecanbeprettyhard・nosedtoo,soweoftenneedtointerfere

withher—webuilddamstocontrolflooding.

Nora:There'remanydiseasesthatareapartofnature,andtheycausepeopleagreat

dealofmisery:canceranddiabetes,forexample.

John:Abetterunderstandingofthegeneticcodethatcontrolsourbodywouldbea

.realhelpincurinemanydiseases.

Nora:Theprojecttomapthehumangeneticcode...what'sthatcalled?

John:Thegenomeproject.Asyousay,ithastremendouspromisetomakeourlives

better-justintheability【oidentifyandcorrectgenetically・causeddiseases

likeAlzheimer's.

Nora:Somadiseaseslikecancerarealsobelievedtohaveageneticswitch.

John:That'sright,andonceresearchersidentifytheswitch,perhapstheycanturnoff

cancerorAlzheimer's.

Nora:Peoplearealsoconcernedthatsciencewillenableustodeterminesuch

qualitiesasintelligenceandheight.

John:Youknowit'sgoingtohappen-it'sjustamatterofwhen.

Nora:ImagineifeveryonewasacombinatinnofYaoMingandAlbertEinstein.

John:Butwhaliftheygetitwrong,andyouwindupwithYaoMing'sknowledgeof

nuclearphysicsandAlbertEinstein'sheight?

Nora:Allthosereligiousgroupswouldsaythatitservedyouright.

NowYourTurn

Taskl

SAMPLEDIALOG

Jane:Somecountriesaresufferingfromcropfailureandfamine,butwhydothey

refusegeneticallymodifiedcropsandfoods?

Bob:AndmanyEuropeansinsistthatprocessedfoodscontainingGMingredientsbe

labeled.

Jane:Whyshouldtheybelabeled?

Bob:Noteveryoneissurethatgeneticallymodifiedfoodsaresafe.Theywantto

certainthatbiotechfoodshavethesamecompositionastraditionalfoods.

Jane:Buttherearemoreurgentproblemsinthisworld.Manypeoplearedyingof

famine.

Bob:Butthosewhoaren'thungrymaywantallgeneticallymodifiedproductstobe

labeledsotheyknowexactlywhatthey'reeating.

Jane:Youknow,I'veheardofaGMfishthatwastentimeslargerthananormalfish.

Bob:Thatreallysoundsabnormal.

Jane:Somefamine-strickenpeopleareafraidGMcropswilloverpowerandeliminate

theirnativecrops.

Bob:Soundsalarming.

Jane:Yeah,butGMfoodscanfeedmanypeople.

Bob:You'reright;theycouldsolvetheproblemofstarvationintheworld.ButIthink

wehavearighttoknowwhatweareeating.GMfoodshouldbelabeled.

V.LefsTalk

Script

Correspondent:IntheU.S.whatpercentageofpeoplesupportbiotechcrops?Anddo

thosewhosupportbiotechcropsalsoeatbiotechfoods?What

percentageoffoodonthemarkethasgeneticallymodified

ingredients?

Professor:U.S.consumershavebeenexposedtoaveryeffective

anti-biotechnologypropagandacampaignforthelastfewyears,but

accordingtopolls,over70%supportbiotechnology.Forexample,in

arecentreferenduminOregon,votersrejectedaproposaltorequire

speciallabelsonallproductscontainingbiotechingredientsbyan

overwhelming73%to27%.That'sprobablybecauseconsumers

knowthatwehaveaneffectiveadministrativesystem.Manymay

alsoknowthat70-80%oftheprocessedfoodproductson

supermarketshelvescontainoneormoreingredientsfrombiotech

crops.AllAmericanseatbiotechfoodsunlesstheydeliberatelyseek

outproductsthatarelabeledotherwise.Evidencesuggeststhatthis

islessthan5%ofconsumers.

Correspondent:Chinesescientistshaveusedbiotechnologytocreateanewtypeof

tomato,whichcontainsthevaccineagainsthepatitisB.What'syour

takeonthis?

Professor:It'sagreatexampleofhowthistechnologycanbeusedtosavelives,

easepainandsufferingandimprovethehumancondition.Howcan

anyonebeopposedtothat?Myonlyhopeisthattheclinicaltrialsof

thisnewtomatogowell,andthatitisquicklydeliveredto

health-careproviderswhowilluseittovaccinatepeopleagainst

hepatitis.Bytheway,pleasenotethatIdothinkthatsuchnew

pharmaceuticalfoodsneedtobehandledasmedicinesby

professionalsandnotasconventionalfoods.Youwillneversee

thesetomatoesinthesupermarket.Inasense,thetomatoplantis

justbeingusedtomanufactureavaccineinaverysafeand

economicalmanner.

U.S.Consumer'sattitudetoOver70%ofU.S.consumerssupport

Biotechbiotechnnloqy.

InarecentreferenduminOregon,votersrejected

Examplesaproposaltorequirespeciallabelsonallproducts

ccntaininRbiotechinnredientsbyan

overwhelming73%to27%.

ChineseProgressinBiotechChinesescientistshaveusedbiotechnologyto

createanewlypeoftomato,whichcontainsthe

vaccineagainsthepatitisB.

SignificanceoftheProgressThistechnologycanbeusedtosavelives,eas。

painandsufferingandimprovethehuman

ccnditicm.

Idothinkthatsuchnewpharmaceuticalfoods

TheProfessor'sAdviceneedtobehandledasmedicinesbyprofessionals

andnotaaconventionalfoods.

VI.FurtherListeningandSpeaking

Taskl:Confidentenoughtocontrolyourfate?

Script

Somepeoplearebornwiththebeliefthattheyaremastersoftheirownlives.Others

feeltheyareatthemercyoffate.Newresearchshowsthatpartofthosefeelingsarein

thegenes.

Psychologistshavelongknownthatpeopleconfidentintheirabilitytocontroltheir

fatesaremoreHkelytoadjustwelltogrowingoldthanthosewhofeeltheydrifton

thecurrentsoffate.

TworesearcherswhoquestionedhundredsofSwedishtwinsreportthatsuch

confidence,orlackofit,ispartlygeneticandpartlydrawnfromexperience.

Theyalsofoundthatthebeliefinblindluck-aconvictionthatchanceplaysabig

roleinlife—issomethinglearnedinlifeandhasnothingtodowithheredity.

TheresearchwasconductedbyNancyPedersen,aprofessorofpsychologyatthe

UniversityofSouthernCaliforniainLosAngeles.Theresultswererecentlypublished

intheUnitedStatesintheJournalofGerontology.

Peoplewhoareconfidentoftheirabilitytocontroltheirliveshavean''internallocus

ofcontrol”,andhaveabetterchanceofbeingwelladjustedintheiroldage,said

Pedersen.An"externallocusofcontrol”,believingthatoutsideforcesdeterminethe

courseoflife,hasbeenlinkedtodepressioninlatteryears,shesaid.

“Wearetryingtounderstandwhatmakespeopledifferent.Whatmakessomepeople

ageslowlyandothershaveamoredifficultshesaid.

Thestudyshowedthatwhilepeoplehaveaninborntendencytowardindependence

andself-confidence,about70percentofthispersonalitytraitisaffectedbyaperson's

environmentandlifetimeexperiences.

Pedersen?sstudies,withvariouscollaborators,investigatetheagingprocessby

comparingsetsoftwins,mostofwhomwereseparatedatanearlyage.

Thesubjectsweredrawnfromalistfirstcompiledabout30yearsago,registeringall

twinsborninSwedensince1886.Thecompletelist,whichwasextendedin1971,has

95,000setsoftwins.

1.Whichofthefollowingisconcernedwithblindluck?

2.Whichofthefollowingisrelatedtoanexternallocusofcontrol?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whatistrueofone'sinborntendencytowards

self-confidence?

4.WhatsubjectsweremostlyusedinPedersen'sstudies?

5.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

Keys:l.A2.B3.C4.C5.D

Task2:Isitmoraltoclonehumans?

Script

Laura:Didyouhearaboutthatpeculiarcultthatclaimedtohavecreatedtheworld9s

firsthumanclone?

Ian:Yeah,Idid!Theyalsosaidthatitwasaliensthatcreatedlifeonearthover

25,000yearsago.Whataretheyon?

Laura:Iknow!Itwassoobviouslyjustpartofanelaboratehoaxtobringpublicityto

theircrazymovement.ButIdon'tthinkthetruthcanbefaroff.Scientistshave

beenworkingonitforyears.

Ian:Sure,butmostscientistsareworkingoncloninghumancellsorbodyparts

thatcanbeusedtorepairorreplacedamagedorgans.Notcompletehuman

beings!That'sjustsciencefiction!

Laura:Well,thesciencemayseemtobeveryadvanced,buttheideaisnotanewone.

InAJourneytotheWest,SunWu-kung,theMonkeyKing,canclonehimself

fromthehairsonhishead.Hejustplucksafewhairs,chewsthemabit,and

whenhespitsthemout,theychangeintoreplicasofhim!

Ian:Really?Nowthatwouldbecool!Youcouldsendyourclonetoschoolwhile

youwenttothecinema,andthenitcoulddoyourhomework!Wow!Nowthat

Ithinkofit,itwouldbekindoffuntohaveaclone!

Laura:Youwouldsaythat!Don'tyouthinkit'sslightlyimmoral?Imean,it'sjust

likehavingaslave.Doesn'ttheclonedeservealifeofhisown?

Ian:Sure,buthumanbeingsmustlearntostrikeabalancebetweenthewelfareof

apatientandofaclone.

Keys:l.T2.T3.F4.F5.T

Task3:ADrunkard'sArgument

Script

Here'sdrunkard'sargumentinfavorofheavydrinking.

Wewouldlearnmoreabouthumanbihaviorifwepaidcloserattentiontothelawsat

workintheanimalkingdom.

“Onlythefittestsurvive^^isalawthatisapparenteverywhereinthenaturalworld.

Humanbeingscouldcertainlybenefitfromaclosestudyofhowthislawoperates

among,forexample,thewildbuffalo.

Aherdofbuffalomovesonlyasfastastheslowestbuffalo.Whentheherdishunted,

itistheslowestandweakestanimalsatthebackthatarekilledfirst.Thisisnatural

selection,anditisgoodfortheherd.Thegeneralspeedandhealthofthegroupkeeps

improvingwithregularkillingoftheweakermemebers.

Thesameprocessofsurvivalofthefittestistobeobservedbylookingcloselyatthe

humanbrain,whichcanoperateonlyasfastastheslowestbraincells.Excessive

consumptionofalcohol,asweallknow,killsbrainc