话题阅读03航天航空-2022年中考英语阅读理解

备战2022年中考英语话题阅读专项训练专题04航天航空(解析版)¤话题01¤话题01 中国最大，最强大的火箭——长征五号¤话题02 国际空间站的详细介绍¤话题03 国际空间站的详细介绍¤话题04 “天问一号”火星探测器¤话题05 宇航员在太空中的日常生活¤话题06 全国第一个火星探测器——祝融¤话题07 美国航天航空局将在2024年把第一位女性航天员送到月球的计划¤话题08 中国的空间计划¤话题09 “毅力”号火星车成功登陆火星¤话题10 中国建成自己的北斗卫星导航系统

Passage1（2020·浙江·瑞安市安阳实验中学九年级开学考试）December27,2019wasanexcitingdayforChinesepeople.China’sbiggestandmostpowerfulrocket,theLongMarch5,wassuccessfullylaunchedinHainanonthatday.The57metertallrocketisthetallestandstrongestrocketinChina.SincetheLongMarch5ismuchbiggerthanothersintheLongMarchrockets,ithasbeennicknamed“Chubby5”,accordingtoChinaDaily.Therocketisabletocarrythingsweighingupto25,000kilogramstheweightof16midsizecars,ChinaDailynoted.Thispayloadisabout2.5timesgreaterthananyotherChineserocket.TheLongMarch5isthethirdmostpowerfulrocketintheworld.OurChinesescientistsarereallyproudofit.DuringtheDecemberlaunch,theLongMarch5successfullysenttheShijian20thsatellite,China’slargestandheaviesthomemadesatellite,intospace.Inadditiontosendingthesatelliteintospace,thelaunchalsotestedseveralprojectsthatwereusedtoimprovetherocket’sbasicskills.ItalsotestedthekeyprojectthatwillbeusedtotaketheChange5probetothemoon,accordingtotheChinaNationalSpaceCenter.Inthefuture,theLongMarch5willbeusedforChina’sfifthlunarexpedition,aswellastoplacepartsofChina’sspacestationintospace.“In2021,wewillusetheLongMarch5tolaunchtheChange’s5probetothemoonandalsosendaspecialprobetoMars,”saidWangXiaojun,theprojectmanageroftheLongMarch5.1．WhatdoweknowabouttheLongMarch5?A．Itwaslaunchedatthestartof2019. B．ItwaslaunchedinXichang.C．Itisthetallestrocketintheworld. D．ItisthebiggestLongMarchrocket.2．WhatisthepayloadoftheLongMarch5?A．It’smorethan2,500kilograms. B．It’sthreetimesgreaterthanothers’.C．It’supto25,000kilograms. D．It’stheweightof16midsizebuses.3．ScientistsusedtheLongMarch5launchto________.A．improvethesatellite’sbasicskills B．haveChina’sfifthlunarexpeditionC．sendaspecialprobetothemoon D．sendChina’sheaviesthomemadesatelliteintospace4．Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A．HowChina’sspacestationwillbebuilt.B．WhentheLongMarch5willbesendtotheMars.C．WhattheLongMarch5willbeusedforinthefuture.D．WhythescientistswillsendtheLongMarch5tothemoon.【答案】1．D2．C3．D4．C【分析】这篇短文主要讲述了中国最大，最强大的火箭——长征五号。1．细节理解题。根据文中“China’sbiggestandmostpowerfulrocket,theLongMarch5,wassuccessfullylaunchedinHainanonthatday.”可知，它是最大的长征火箭。故选D。2．细节理解题。根据文中“Therocketisabletocarrythingsweighingupto25,000kilogramstheweightof16midsizecars,ChinaDailynoted.”可知，高达25000公斤。故选C。3．细节理解题。根据文中“DuringtheDecemberlaunch,theLongMarch5successfullysenttheShijian20thsatellite,China’slargestandheaviesthomemadesatellite,intospace.”可知，科学家们利用长征5号将中国最重的自制卫星送入太空。故选D。4．段落大意题。根据最后一段“Inthefuture,theLongMarch5willbeusedforChina’sfifthlunarexpedition,aswellastoplacepartsofChina’sspacestationintospace…”可知，最后一段主要讲述了长征5号未来的用途。故选C。Passage2（2021·福建·龙岩市新罗区教师进修学校九年级期末）MostpeoplehaveaplacetocallhomeonEarth.Whataboutinouterspace?TheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)becameourfirst“home”inspacein2000.Itweleditsfirstcrewthatyear,paving(铺设)thewayfor20yearsoffutureresearch.“Youjusthavethisimpressionthatwe’reallcitizens(公民)ofnotacountry,butoftheplanet,”formerNASAastronautScottKellytoldNationalGeographicaboutworkinginISS.“We’reallinthisthingcalledhumanity(人类)together.”Overthepast20years,theISShasmainlybeenusedasasciencelab,hosting241peoplefrom19countries,accordingtoNASA．Theyhavegoneonspacewalks,doneresearchonhowspaceaffectsthehumanbody,andevengrownplantsinspace.Thestation’sdevelopmenthasalsobenefited(有益于)peopleonEarth.Forexample,thestation’swaterpurification(净化)technologyhasbeenusedinpoorareastoprovidecleandrinkingwater.Thestationalsohelpstowarnusofnaturaldisasters(灾难),suchasearthquakes.However,afterbeingourhomeinspaceforover7,000days,thestationisstartingtogetold.Ithasleaked(泄漏)airafewtimes.Scientiststhinkthatthestationcankeepworkinguntil2024.Afterthat,scientistswillbringitdowntoEarth.ItisbelievedthatEarth’satmosphere(大气)willburnupmostofthestation.Otherdebris(残骸)willfallintothePacificOcean.Inthefuture,spacewillbehometomorestationsliketheISS.NASAisbuildingaspacestationthatissmallerthantheISSnearthemoon.Also,Chinawillhaveitsownspacestationupandrunningin2022.5．WhatdoweknowfromwhatScottKellysaid?A．AstronautsseetheISSastheirhome.B．AnyonecangototheISS.C．Allofhumanityhassomethinginmon.D．Astronauts’livesontheISSaredifficult.6．WhathavetheastronautsdonewhileontheISS?a.Goneonspacewalks.b.Learnedhowspaceaffectsthehumanbody.c.Grownplants.d.Providedcleanwaterforpoorareas.e.Stoppedearthquakes.A．abc B．abd C．ade D．bde7．Paragraph4explains________.A．whatpeopleontheISShavedoneB．howtheISShashelpedhumansonEarthC．whohasvisitedtheISSovertheyearsD．howpeopleliveontheISS8．WhatwillhappentotheISS?A．ThewholestationwillfallintothePacificOcean.B．ItwillbebroughtbacktoEarth.C．Itwillbeleftinouterspaceforever.D．Itwillburnupinspace.9．Fromthelastparagraph,weknowthat________.A．buildingaspacestationtakesalongtimeB．itwillbeeasiertogotospaceinthefutureC．ChinawillsendastronautstotheISSD．wewillbuildmorespacestations【答案】5．C6．A7．B8．B9．D【解析】本文是一篇说明文，对国际空间站进行了详细介绍。5．推理判断题。根据“Youjusthavethisimpressionthatwe’reallcitizensofnotacountry,butoftheplanet…We’reallinthisthingcalledhumanitytogether.”可知，ScottKelly想要表达所有的人类都有共同之处。故选C。6．细节理解题。根据“Theyhavegoneonspacewalks,doneresearchonhowspaceaffectsthehumanbody,andevengrownplantsinspace.”可知，他们进行太空行走，研究太空如何影响人体，甚至在太空中种植植物。故选A。7．段落大意题。分析第四段内容可知，本段举例说明国际空间站是如何帮助地球上的人类的，故选B。8．细节理解题。根据“Afterthat,scientistswillbringitdowntoEarth.”可知，国际空间站将被带回地球。故选B。9．推理判断题。根据最后一段内容，尤其是“Inthefuture,spacewillbehometomorestationsliketheISS.”可知，未来我们将建造更多的空间站，故选D。Passage3（2021·江苏镇江·二模）Chinesespaceexplorationmadegreatachievementsin2020,withthemostimportanteventbeingtheChang’e5mission(任务).TheChang’e5wasChina’sfirstsample(样本)returnmission.Ittravelledinspacefor23daysandandbroughtback1.7kgoflunarrockandsoilsamplestoEarth.Thiswastheworld'sfirstlunarreturnmissionsince1976andmadeChinathethirdcountrytopletealunarreturnmissionaftertheUnitedStatesandtheformerSovietUnion.Asthecountry’smostdifficultmissionyet,Change’s5markedamajorstepforwardforChina’sspaceexploration.Thelunarsampleshavebeensenttolaboratoriesforresearchthatwillimproveunderstandingofthestate,temperature,andmaterialcontentofthemoon.Someofthesampleswillbeputondisplayinthescienceandtechnologymuseumtoencouragescientificinterest.“Thiswillgreatlyencouragepeople,especiallyyoungpeople,tostudyandexploretheworldsbeyondEarth,”aplanetaryscientistattheChinaUniversityofGeosciencesinWuhansaid.Chinaalsoviewsthemissionaspartofmankind’sexplorationofthemoonasawhole.TheChange’5landingareawasverydeliberatelychosen.TheMonsRumkerarea,whichhadneverbeensampledbefore,isgeologically(地质学上)youngerthanthesamplingareasoftheUSandSovietmissions.Scientistsbelievethenewsamplescouldhelpfillagap(空白)inunderstandingthemoon’svolcanic(火山的)activityandevolution(演变).Chinahaspromisedtoshareitssamplewithscientistsfromothercountries.Someforeignscientistshaveshowninterest.Lunarexplorationisnotforbusinesspurposes,butforthepurposeofinternationalscientificresearch.Mankindwillexplorethemoontogether,aslargeexplorationprojectswillrequireinternationalcooperation(合作)inthefuture.Chinawillplayaleadshiproleintheinternationalscientificmunity.10．WhatdoestheunderlinedwordinParagraph6mean?A．easily B．carefully C．rapidly D．pletely11．Thesamplesfromthemooncanbeusedinmanyways,except________.A．researchinthelaboratories B．sharewithscientistsfromothercountriesC．dobusinesswithforeigncountries D．displayinscienceandtechnologymuseums12．Accordingtothepassage,whatcanweknowabouttheChang’e5mission?A．Itwastheworld’sfirstlunarreturnmission.B．Itmadeacontributiontomankind’sspaceexploration.C．Itwaspletedwiththehelpofsomeothercountries.D．ItslandingareawasnotasgoodastheUSA’sandSoviet’s.13．Whatcanbeinferred(推断)fromthepassage?A．Spaceexplorationisthemostimportantscientificfield.B．Wearesuretomakeachievementsifweworktogether.C．Thenewsamplescouldhelpscientistsunderstandtheearthbetter.D．Thesuccessfuleventmightencouragemorepeopletostudyscience.【答案】10．B11．C12．B13．D【解析】本文是新闻报道，介绍了嫦娥五号样本返回任务及其重要意义。10．词句猜测题。根据下文“TheMonsRumkerarea,whichhadneverbeensampledbefore,isgeologicallyyoungerthanthesamplingareasoftheUSandSovietmissions.Scientistsbelievethenewsamplescouldhelpfillagapinunderstandingthemoon’svolcanicactivityandevolution”，可知选择5号着陆区域是经过慎重论证的；carefully符合语境，故选B。11．细节理解题。根据3/4/7自然段“Thelunarsampleshavebeensenttolaboratoriesforresearch…Someofthesampleswillbeputondisplayinthescience…Chinahaspromisedtoshareitssamplewithscientistsfromothercountries”，结合“Lunarexplorationisnotforbusinesspurposes”，可知不会用于和外国做生意，故选C。12．推理判断题。根据第五段“Chinaalsoviewsthemissionaspartofmankind’sexplorationofthemoonasawhole”，可知嫦娥五号任务为人类的太空探索作出了贡献，故选B。13．推理判断题。根据第四段“Thiswillgreatlyencouragepeople,especiallyyoungpeople,tostudyandexploretheworldsbeyondEarth”，可推知会鼓励更多的人学习并研究科学，故选D。Passage4（2021·贵州毕节·中考真题）TianwenIisChina’sfirstMarsprobe（火星探测器）.Wheredoesthenameefrom?DoyoustillrememberQuYuan,afamouspoetinancientChina?Helovedhismotherlandverymuch.Hislongpoem“HeavenlyQuestions（天问）”expressesthecontinualhardworkandthegreatspiritoftheChinesenationtoscience.ThatiswhyTianwenIwasofficiallynamed,whichisquiteculturalandbeautiful.OnJuly14,2020.TianwenIarrivedattheWenchangSpaceLaunchSite（发射站）inHainanProvince.ThespaceprobeTianwenIbasedoff（发射升空）at12:41p.m.onJuly23,2020,carryingaLongMarch5carrierrocket（长征5号运载火箭）.IttookTianwenIaboutsevenmonthstotraveltoMars.TheChina’sMarsrover（火星车）,Zhurongmovedfromislandingplatform（平台）ontothesurfaceoftheRedPlanetat10:40a.m.onMay15th,2021,startingisexploration（探险旅程）aroundthelandingsite.The240kilogramrobotwassentintotheskytosurveyMars’landforms,geographysituation,andsomethingaboutwater,ice,environmentandotherphysicalfields.BeforeTianwenI,nocountryhadevertriedtosendanorbiter（运行器）,alanderandaroverinonesingleexpedition（考察）toMars.14．WhichcountryisTianwenIMarsprobefrom?A．China. B．America. C．Canada. D．Japan.15．WhywasthefirstMarsprobeheregiventhename,TianwenI?A．BecauseofabookwrittenbyLiBai. B．BecauseofapoemwrittenbyQuYuan.C．Becauseofafamousscientist. D．Becauseofawellknownengineer.16．WhenwasTianwenIsentintothespace?A．OnJune23,2020. B．OnJune24,2020C．OnJuly23,2020. D．OnJuly24,2020.17．HowlongdidittakeTianwenItotraveltoMars?A．About3months. B．About5months.C．About7months D．About9months.18．WhatdoestheMarsrover,ZhurongsurveyonMars?A．Landformsandgeographysituation. B．Somethingaboutwater,iceandenvironment.C．Otherphysicalfields. D．Alloftheabove.【答案】14．A15．B16．C17．C18．D【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述的是中国“天问一号”火星探测器的相关内容，介绍中国在空间技术发展上外空探索所取得的成就。14．细节理解题。根据“TianwenIisChina’sfirstMarsprobe（火星探测器）.”可知，天问一号是中国首个火星探测器，故选A。15．细节理解题。根据“Wheredoesthenameefrom?DoyoustillrememberQuYuan,afamouspoetinancientChina?Helovedhismotherlandverymuch.Hislongpoem“HeavenlyQuestions（天问）”expressesthecontinualhardworkandthegreatspiritoftheChinesenationtoscience.”可知，“天问”这个名字来自屈原的长诗《天问》，故选B。16．细节理解题。根据“ThespaceprobeTianwenIbasedoff（发射升空）at12:41p.m.onJuly23,2020,carryingaLongMarch5carrierrocket（长征5号运载火箭）.”可知，2020年7月23日12时41分，航天探测器“天问一号”搭载长征五号运载火箭升空。故选C。17．细节理解题。根据“IttookTianwenIaboutsevenmonthstotraveltoMars.”可知，天问一号花了7个月的时间到达火星。故选C。18．细节理解题。根据“The240kilogramrobotwassentintotheskytosurveyMars’landforms,geographysituation,andsomethingaboutwater,ice,environmentandotherphysicalfields.”可知，它被用来调查火星的地形、地理状况，以及水、冰、环境和其他物理领域。故选D。Passage5（2021·四川眉山·中考真题）Haveyoueverimaginedthelifeinspace?Thefollowingwillshowyoutheastronauts’dailylife.●EatinginspaceIfyougocampingformorethanaweekwithsomefriends,youwillmakesureyouhaveplentyoffoodsandkeepthemproperly.Attheendofyourcampingtrip,youwoulddealwithyourrubbishproperlybeforetheridehome.Astronautsalmostdothesamethingwhentheygotospace.Preparationchangeswiththefoodtype.Somefoodscanbeeatenintheirnaturalforms,suchaschocolatecakesandfruits.Otherfoodsrequireaddingwater,suchascheese.Ofcourse,anovenisprovidedatthespacestationtoheatthefood.Buttherearenofridges,sospacefoodmustbekeptproperly.●SleepinginspaceAfteralongdayatwork,nothingisbetterthanagoodnight’ssleep!Justlikeontheearth,inspaceastronautsgotobedatacertaintime,thengetupandprepareforworkagain.Whengoingtosleep,theyhavetoattachthemselves,sotheydon’tfloat(漂浮)aroundorhittheirbodiesagainstsomething.Theyusuallyusesleepingbagslocatedinsmallcrewcabins(乘员舱).Eachcrewcabinisjustbigenoughforoneperson.Generally,astronautshaveaneighthoursleepeachdaywhentheyfinishtheirtask.●DoingsportsinspaceExerciseisanimportantpartofeveryastronaut’sdailylifetopreventmuscleloss(肌肉萎缩).Usually,astronautsexercisetwohourseveryday.Lifting200poundsontheearthmaybealotofwork.Butliftingthatsameobjectinspacewouldbemucheasier.Thatmeansthethingsforexerciseneedtobespeciallydesigned,soastronautscanreceivetheexerciseneeded.Livinginspaceisnotjustallworkandnoplay.Astronautshavefun,too.Theyliketolookoutthewindowandplaywiththeirfood.Funplaysanimportantroleinthequalityoftheirlife.19．Thewriterstartstoexplaineatinginspaceby________.A．tellingastory B．askingaquestion C．givinganexample D．paringtwofacts20．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“attach”inParagraph4mean?A．Tie. B．Hide. C．Catch. D．Carry.21．Itismucheasierforpeople________inspacethanontheearth.A．tofallasleep B．toliftheavythings C．topreventmuscleloss D．toeatcoldfood22．Inwhichpartofanewspapercanwereadthepassage?A．CULTURE. B．SOCIETY. C．SCIENCE. D．HISTORY.【答案】19．C20．A21．B22．C【解析】文章主要介绍了宇航员在太空中的日常生活。19．篇章结构题。根据“Ifyougocampingformorethanaweekwithsomefriends,youwillmakesureyouhaveplentyoffoodsandkeepthemproperly.”可知作者通过一个例子来解释在太空吃东西。故选C。20．词义猜测题。根据“sotheydon’tfloataroundorhittheirbodiesagainstsomething”可知为了不到处漂浮或撞倒东西，睡觉时应该把自己系在某些地方，attach意为“系上”。故选A。21．细节理解题。根据“Lifting200poundsontheearthmaybealotofwork.Butliftingthatsameobjectinspacewouldbemucheasier.”可知人们在太空中举起重物比在地球上容易得多。故选B。22．推理判断题。文章主要介绍了宇航员在太空中的日常生活。我们能在报纸的科学栏读到这篇文章。故选C。Passage6（2021·重庆·中考真题）Chinahasnamedthenation’sfirstMarsrover（火星车）ZhuRong.Forallofus,ZhuRongisawellsuitedname.InanancientChinesestory,ZhuRonghadthefaceofamanandthebodyofananimal.Hrodeontwodragons.WhenhehadabigfightwithGongGong,thegodofwater,ZhuRongwon.Butafterthefight,thehumanworldcameintopletedarkness.Thenhebroughtfirefromheaven（天国）totheworld.“ZhuRongisregardedastheearliestgodoffireintraditionalChineseculture,”aspaceofficialsaid.“ThefirstMarsroverwasnamedZhuRong.Thenamesymbolizes（象征）lightandhopeforspaceexploration（探索）inourcountry,andmeanstoguidehumanstocontinueexploration.”Afterleavingtheearthlastsummer,ZhuRongcircledMarsforseveralmonthsandlandedonitinMay.Inrecentyears,ourcountryhassentuptheworld’sfirstquantumsatellite（量子卫星）,andChang’e4hasmadeasoftlandingonthemoon.Wehavemadegreatprogressinspacetechnologyandwillsoonstartbuildingourownspacestation.23．WhatZhuRongbroughtfromheaventotheworldwas________.A．fire B．wars C．water D．animals24．ForChina’sspaceexploration,thenameZhuRongsymbolizes________.A．abigfight B．pletedarkness C．lightandhope D．Chineseculture25．Theunderlinedword“it”inthelastparagraphrefersto“________”.A．theearth B．Mars C．themoon D．thesun26．Accordingtothepassage,wecaninferthat________.A．ZhuRongisabadpersoninanancientChinesestoryB．ChinahasmadegreatprogressinspacetechnologyC．thewriterisproudofChina’sspacetechnologyD．theofficialdoesn’tlikethenameZhuRong【答案】23．A24．C25．B26．C【解析】本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍全国第一个火星探测器——祝融。23．细节理解题。根据“Thenhebroughtfirefromheaven（天国）totheworld.”可知，祝融把火从天国带到人间，故选A。24．细节理解题。根据“Thenamesymbolizes（象征）lightandhopeforspaceexploration（探索）inourcountry,andmeanstoguidehumanstocontinueexploration.”可知，这个名字象征着我国太空探索的光明和希望，意味着引导人类继续探索，故选C。25．推理判断题。分析“Afterleavingtheearthlastsummer,ZhuRongcircledMarsforseveralmonthsandlandedonitinMay.”可知，在去年夏天离开地球后，祝融绕火星飞行了几个月，并于5月在火星上着陆。此处it指的是“火星”，故选B。26．推理判断题。根据“Wehavemadegreatprogressinspacetechnologyandwillsoonstartbuildingourownspacestation.”可知，我们在太空技术上取得了巨大进步，不久将开始建设我们自己的空间站，所以作者为中国的航天技术感到自豪，故选C。Passage7（2021·江苏高邮·二模）Inthelastcentury,aseriesofmissionshavebeencarriedouttoexplorethemoon.Amongthem,NASA’sApollo11missionsucceededinlandingthefirsthumansonthemoononJuly20,1969.Yearslater,NASAannounceditsArtemisprogram.NamedaftertheGreekgoddess,theprogramwillsendhumanstothemoonbytheyear2024.Andthistime,themoonwillweleitsfirstfemaleastronaut.Upuntilnow,only12people,allmale,haveeverwalkedonthemoon.“ThelastpersonwalkedontheMoonin1972,MBettina,”NASAmunicationsdirectorsaid.“Nowomanhaseverwalkedonthelunarsurface.”ButtheArtemisprogramwillchangethis.Womenhavebeeninvolvedinspaceprojectsandmadevaluablecontributions.In1963,astronautTereshkovafromtheSovietUnion（苏联）becamethefirstwomantoenterspace.However,theprogresstowardwomen’saccesstospaceprogramshasbeenslow.Astronautshadtobetestpilotswithacertainamountofexperience.Thiswasaproblemasthefieldwascontrolledbymalesatthetime.Infact,thegenderbias（性别歧视）seemedtoexist（存在）intheearlyspaceprograms,TheNewYorkTimesreported.In1962,NASAwrotetoalittlegirlwhowantedtobeanastronaut.Thelettersaid,“Wehavenopresentplanstoemploywomenonspaceflightsbecauseofthedegreeofscientificandflighttraining,andthephysicalcharacteristics,whicharerequired.”Womenhaveindeedmadeprogressinthisparticulararea,andhaveadvantagesovertheirmaleworkmates.Womentendtobesmaller,whichmeanstheyuselessoxygenandtakeuplessspaceinsmallspacecraft.Also,womenusuallyhavegreateremotionalawarenessandmunicationskillsthatmakethembettersuitedtolongspaceflights.Despitechallenges,womenhaveshownthattheyaremorethancapableofjoiningthatexcellentgroupofmenwhohavegonetothemoon.Andthiswilltrulybearemarkablemomentinhistory.27．WhatisspecialabouttheArtemisprogram?A．ItisnamedaftertheAmericangoddess.B．Itwilltakethefirstfemaleastronauttothemoon.C．Thespacecraftwillstayonthemoonforlongertime.D．Twelveastronautswilljointheprogrambytheyear2024.28．Accordingtothepassage,whatadvantagesdofemaleastronautshave?①Usinglessoxygeninspace.②Takinguplessspaceinspacecraft.③Havingbetterphysicalcharacteristics.④Havingbettermunicationskills.A．①②③ B．①②④ C．②③④ D．①③④29．FromNASA’slettertothelittlegirl,wecanknowthat________.A．thegenderbiasexistedintheearlyspaceprogramsB．womenwerenotsuitableforthehardflighttrainingC．thelittlegirlwastooyoungtojointhespaceprogramsD．NASAplannedtoemploywomenastronautsinthefuture30．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?A．Thefirstfemaleastronaut B．ThegenderbiasinspaceprogramsC．ThenewNASAmissions D．Thecontributionswomenmakeforspace【答案】27．B28．B29．A30．B【解析】本文是一篇说明文。介绍美国航天航空局将在2024年把第一位女性航天员送到月球的计划，主要介绍了历史上关于太空计划中存在女性性别偏见的情况以及女性在这一领域的优势。27．细节理解题。根据“Andthistime,themoonwillweleitsfirstfemaleastronaut.”可知，特别之处在于这一次，月球将迎来首位女宇航员。故选B。28．细节理解题。根据“Womentendtobesmaller,whichmeanstheyuselessoxygenandtakeuplessspaceinsmallspacecraft.Also,womenusuallyhavegreateremotionalawarenessandmunicationskillsthatmakethembettersuitedtolongspaceflights.”可知，女性往往体型较小，这意味着她们在小型宇宙飞船中使用的氧气更少，占用的空间也更小；此外，女性通常有更强的情感意识和沟通技巧，这使她们更适合长途飞行。所以女宇航员的优势在于①②④，故选B。29．推理判断题。根据“Wehavenopresentplanstoemploywomenonspaceflightsbecauseofthedegreeofscientificandflighttraining,andthephysicalcharacteristics,whicharerequired.”可知，由于科学和飞行训练的程度以及所需要的身体特征，我们目前没有在太空飞行中雇用妇女的计划。这是太空计划中存在的女性性别偏见，故选A。30．最佳标题题。本文介绍美国航天航空局将在2024年把第一位女性航天员送到月球的计划，主要介绍了历史上关于太空计划中存在女性性别偏见的情况以及女性在这一领域的优势。选项B“太空项目中的性别偏见”符合主题，故选B。Passage8（2021·广东·连州市教育局教研室二模）Chinaisplanningtocarryoutmorethan40rocketlaunches(火箭发射)in2021,thehighestevertotal,asitcontinuestoexpanditsambitionsinspace.TheplannedlaunchesincludethecoremoduleofChina’sfirstspacestation,accordingtotheChinaAerospaceScienceandTechnologyCorporation(CAST)’s(中国航天科技集团公司）officialWeChataccount.Before2007,Chinahadnevercarriedoutmorethan10launchesayear.Butsincethenithasrapidgrowth,carryingout152launchesoverthelastfiveyears—morethananyothercountry.“China’smannedspacestationprojectwillenteracriticalstage,andwillbethetoppriorityofthespaceprogrammethroughouttheyear,”CASTsaidinJanuary,2021.ItplanstolaunchthecoremoduleoftheTiangongSpaceStationinspringandaimstopletetheconstructionbytheendofnextyear.Astronautsarealreadyintrainingforthemission,andwillalsocarryoutretrievalmissionsandtestinorbittechnologies,accordingtostatemedia.Thecountry’sfirstmissiontoMarsTianwen1isalsoduetoreachtheRedPlanetinFebruary,andwillaimtolandaroveronthesurface.Thespaceprogrammewillalsocontinuetoworkonspacestationmodulesandprepareforacrewedlunarmission,aswellascontinuingtodeveloptheBeidounavigationsystem,arivaltotheUSGPS,foruseinthecivilianaviationindustry.31．AccordingtoCAST,theplannedlaunchesinclude________.A．theChina’sfirstspacestation B．152rocketsC．thecoremoduleofChina’sfirstspacestation D．thecoremoduleofarocket32．Whatdoestheword“critical”inParagraph4meaninChinese?A．简单的 B．关键的 C．批评的 D．方便的33．Chinahascarriedout152launchesover________.A．thelasttwodecades B．thelastyear C．thelastmonth D．thelastfiveyears34．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A．ItaimstopletetheconstructionoftheTiangongSpaceStationbytheendof2021.B．Chinahascarriedoutmostlaunchesoverthelastfiveyears.C．Astronautsarealreadyintrainingforthemission.D．Tianwen1isduetoreachMarsinFebruary.35．Thispassageismainlyabout________.A．thetripofTianwen1 B．thespaceprogrammeofChinaC．therocketlaunchesofChinaoverthelastyearD．thecoremoduleoftheTiangongSpaceStation【答案】31．C32．B33．D34．A35．B【解析】本文主要介绍了中国的空间计划。31．细节理解题。根据“TheplannedlaunchesincludethecoremoduleofChina’sfirstspacestation”可知，计划中的发射包括中国第一个空间站的核心模块。故选C。32．词义猜测题。根据“China’smannedspacestationprojectwillenteracriticalstage,andwillbethetoppriorityofthespaceprogrammethroughouttheyear”可知，中国载人空间站项目将进入关键阶段，并将成为全年空间计划的重中之重，“critical”的意思是“关键的”。故选B。33．细节理解题。根据“carryingout152launchesoverthelastfiveyears—morethananyothercountry”可知，在过去五年中进行了152次发射。故选D。34．推理判断题。根据“ItplanstolaunchthecoremoduleoftheTiangongSpaceStationinspringandaimstopletetheconstructionbytheendofnextyear.”可知，计划明年（2022年）年底完成天宫空间站的建设，A选项表述有误。故选A。35．主旨大意题。阅读全文可知，本文主要介绍了中国的空间计划。故选B。Passage9（2021·江西宜春·一模）OnFeb18,NASA’sPerseveranceRover(美国航天局“毅力”号火星车)madeahistoriclandingonthesurfaceofMars.ItplannedtoworkonMarsforabouttwoyears.ThisisthefifthroverNASAhassenttoMarsandisfulloffirsts.Itwillbethefirstrovertosearchforsignsofancientlife.Ahelicopter(直升飞机)willflyontheplanetforthefirsttimeaswell.Theroverisalsobetteratsolvingproblemsonitsownthantheroversbefore.Landingaspacecraft(宇宙飞船)onMarsisn’teasy.Ithadtogothroughthe“sevenminutesofterror(惊险七分钟)”allbyitself,asNASAcallsthelandingprocess.Sinceittakes11minutesforaradiosignaltotravelfromEarthtoMars,NASAcouldn’tcontrolthecraftduringtheprocess.ThespacecrafthitthetopoftheMartianatmosphere(大气层)movingat12,000milesanhour(19,300kmanhour)andhadtoslowdownto1.7milesanhour(2.7kmanhour)withinsevenminutesbeforelanding.Drag(空气阻力)thatwascreatedbytheatmospheresloweditdown.Atthesametime,thesurfaceofthecraftheateduptoabout1,300℃.Thishightemperaturecouldmelt(熔化)therover!Butsincethecraft’sheatshield(抗热涂层)wasabletotakeinmostofthisheat,Perseveranceitselfonlyreachedroomtemperature.Thecraftthenjoinedaparachute(降落伞)andaskycrane(空中吊车)togethertoslowitselfdownforitsfinalclosetoMars.Avideoofthelandingwaslatersharedonline,allowingpeopleallovertheworldtoseetheamazingmomentforthemselves.TheroverevenrecordedaudioonMarsforthefirsttimejustafterlanding,catchingthesoundsofMartianwind.36．WhywasPerseverancesenttoMars?A．Toexperimentwithanewlandingway.B．Totakeahelicoptertotheplanet.C．Tolookforsignsofancientlife.D．TocheckonNASA’sroversbefore.37．WhatdoyouthinkoftravelingthroughtheMartianatmosphereaccordingtothepassage?A．fortable. B．Dangerous. C．Simple. D．Slow.38．WhatdoesParagraph5ma