专题1名词(原卷卷)-2023年中考英语考点详解专项训练_第1页
专题1名词(原卷卷)-2023年中考英语考点详解专项训练_第2页
专题1名词(原卷卷)-2023年中考英语考点详解专项训练_第3页
专题1名词(原卷卷)-2023年中考英语考点详解专项训练_第4页
专题1名词(原卷卷)-2023年中考英语考点详解专项训练_第5页
已阅读5页,还剩10页未读 继续免费阅读

下载本文档

版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领

文档简介

名词属于十大词类中的一种,主要包括普通名词和专有名词两种。纵观近几年中考对于名词的考查,主要以选择题和填空题为主,考查内容以词义理解、名词所有格及词形转换居多。在备考2023年中考时,注意掌握名词变复数的变化规则,掌握不可数名词向可数名词转化的规律,名词所有格的用法,名词的句法功能等,并做到灵活运用,以便提高综合运用能力。中考考查重点:一、名词词义辨析;二、名词的数;三、名词所有格。考向一:名词的分类分类说明例句普通名词可数名词个体名词表示人或事物的个体名称city城市,panda熊猫,chair椅子,hospital医院,nurse护士集体名词表示一群人或一些事物的总称public公众,people人们,class班级,family家庭,police警察不可数名词物质名词表示无法分为个体的物质或材料的名称rice大米,snow雪,steel钢铁,cotton棉花,corn玉米,air空气抽象名词表示行为、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念的名词courage勇气,determination决心,satisfaction满意,happiness幸福,success成功,love热爱专有名词表示人名、地名、国名London伦敦,Tom汤姆,theGreatWall长城,Asia亚洲表示书名、电影名、各种标语SpiderMan《蜘蛛侠》表示机构、组织、团体UNESCO联合国教科文组织BeijingUniversity北京大学表示月份、星期、节日Monday星期一,Nationalday国庆节【知识拓展】集体名词的分类1.本身是复数,如,cattle牛群,people人们,police警察。2.本身单复数均可表示,如audience观众,class班级,club俱乐部,mittee委员会,pany公司,crew船员,enemy敌人,family家庭,government政府,group组,team队(当这一类词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于其表示的具体含义,如果作为一个整体看待时,谓语动词用单数形式;如果指的是具体成员,则谓语动词用复数形式)►Thefamilyisthebasicunitofsociety.家庭是构成社会的基本单位。►Myfamilyaregoingonatripthissummer.我们全家今年夏天要外出旅游。—Iknowlittleaboutthisproduct.—SurftheInternet,andyouwillgetmuch____________aboutit.A.information B.message C.suggestion【答案】A【解析】句意:——关于这个产品我知道的很少。——上网,你会得到关于它许多信息。A.information信息,不可数名词;B.message消息,可数名词单数;C.suggestion建议,可数名词单数。much修饰不可数名词,这里用information,根据题意,故选A。考向二:名词的句法功能序号功能例句1作主语Newspapersareuseful.报纸有用。2作宾语Haveyoureceivedmyletter?你收到我的信了吗?(作动词的宾语)Thebooksareonthedesk.书在桌子上。(作介词的宾语)3作表语Timeismoney.时间就是金钱。4作补足语Wemadehimmanagerofthepany.我们选他当公司的经理。Thiskindoffloweriscalledcarnation.这种花叫康乃馨。(作主语)5作同位语Youstudentsgofirst.你们学生先走。6作状语We’llmeetnextSunday.我们下周日见。7作定语IamanEnglishteacher.我是一位英语老师。【易错警示】1.名词作定语一般用其单数形式。apaperbag纸袋,ashoeshop鞋店,afootballfan球迷2.有些常以复数形式出现的名词作定语时用复数形式。aclothesshop服装店,aglassesstore眼镜店,agoodstrain货运列车3.数词加名词构成的形容词(中间有连字符)作定语时,名词常使用单数形式。afiveyearoldboy一个三岁的男孩,a500metrelongrope一条五百米的绳子所有格作定语和名词直接作定语的区别:名词所有格作定语时,表示的是所有关系,即归谁所有。Tom’sbooks汤姆的书(汤姆和书之间是所属关系,即书是汤姆的)。而名词直接作定语时,与被修饰的名词之间没有所属关系,如:shoeshop鞋店(鞋与商店之间没有所属关系)。再如womandriver女司机,thewomen’sdriver这些女士的司机;girlfriend女朋友,thegirl’sfriend这个女孩的朋友。—Look!Theyare___________.—Yes.Weareproudofthem.A.manscientist B.womenscientistsC.womanscientists D.manscientists【答案】B【解析】句意:——看!她们是女科学家。——是的,我们为她们感到骄傲。根据空前面的theyare判断,此处为可数名词的复数,排除A;man和woman表示性别,作定语修饰名词变复数时,与后面的可数名词都要变复数,C、D中的woman与man都是单数形式,应排除;woman和scientist都要变成复数,woman复数为women,scientist的复数为scientists。故选B。考向三:名词的数可数名词有单、复数形式。(一)名词复数形式的规则变化1.一般在名词的结尾加s,在清辅音后读/s/,在浊辅音和元音后后读/z/。exercise→exercises desk→desks2.以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加es,读/Iz/。watch→watches box→boxes3.以"辅音字母+y"结尾的词,把y变i,再加es。factory→factories lady→ladies4.以f或fe结尾的词,一般把f或fe改为v,加es。wolf→wolves knife→knives5.以o结尾的可数名词,有生命的加es,无生命的加s。potato→potatoes piano→pianos【易错警示】1.注意以下名词的复数形式是在词尾加s。American→Americans美国人 Australian→Australians澳大利亚人 Canadian→Canadians加拿大人German→Germans德国人 Greek→Greeks希腊人 Indian→Indians印度人Russian→Russians俄罗斯人2.有些名词表面为复数形式,实为单数。math数学,news新闻,physics物理,politics政治,theUnitedNations联合国,theUnitedStates美国【知识拓展】1.以o结尾的名词,需加es的名词有:negro(黑人),hero(英雄),tomato(西红柿),potato(土豆)。可结合顺口溜来记忆这些单词,即"黑人英雄西红柿和土豆"。2.以f或fe结尾的名词,须把f或fe变为v,再加es的名词有:calf(小牛,牛犊),half(一半),knife(小刀),leaf(叶子),life(生活,生命),loaf(长面包),self(自己),shelf(架子),thief(小偷),wife(妻子),wolf(狼)。可结合顺口溜来记忆,即"妻已架刀命牛郎(狼),半夜(叶)偷包要提防"(单词顺序为wife,self,shelf,knife,life,calf,wolf,half,leaf,thief,loaf)3.以ch结尾的名词:ch发音为/k/的名词,其复数形式直接在词尾加s,如:stomach→stomachs胃(二)名词复数的不规则变化1.单复数同形Chinese→Chinesesheep→sheepJapanese→Japanese2.改变元音字母man→menwoman→womenfoot→feettooth→teethpolicewoman→policewomen3.只有复数形式的名词trousersscissorspantsglassesshoes4.其他变化mouse→micechild→children【易错警示】1.fish表示鱼的种类时,复数形式为fishes,而fish表示鱼的条数时,复数形式仍为fish。如:differentfishes不同种类的鱼 fivefish五条鱼2.works意为"工厂"时,单复数形式一样,而work意为"著作,作品"时,复数形式是works。如:achemicalworks一座化工厂 threechemicalworks三座化工厂aworkbyMoYan一部莫言的作品 threeworksbyMoYan三部莫言的作品(三)不可数名词一般情况下,专有名词、物质名称、抽象名词为不可数名词。不可数名词一般没有复数形式,但有些名词在不同的语境下有不同的含义,从而也表现出可数与不可数性。1.常见的不可数名词不能用具体的数字来表示。cotton棉花,food食物,hair头发,health健康,ice冰,wind风2.可转化为可数名词的物资名称(1)有些物质名词在表达个体概念时,是可数名词。rain雨→arain一场雨,wind风→awind一阵风,beer啤酒→abeer一杯啤酒,paper纸→apaper一份论文(2)有些物质名词的复数形式表示特殊含义。Water水→waters海域,wood木头→woods森林,custom习惯→customs海关3.可转化为可数名词的抽象名词抽象名词表示具体的人或事物时,被视为可数名词,可与不定冠词连用,也可有复数形式,表示"某种人或事"。disappointment失望→adisappointment令人失望的事,experience经验→anexperience一次经历,success成功→asuccess成功的人或事4.可转化为可数名词的专有名词有的专有名词也可以用作可数名词,可以由不定冠词修饰,也可有复数形式。►AMrBlackiswaitingforyou.一个叫布莱克的先生在等你。【易错警示】某些不可数名词,有形容词修饰时,之前常加不定冠词。adeeplove深深的爱 agoodeducation良好的教育 agoodtime一段美好时光aheavyfog一场浓雾 alongsilence长时间沉寂 arichdinner一顿丰盛的晚餐—CanIhelpyou,Madam?—Yes___________,please.A.Twopairofsocks B.Twopairsofsocks C.Twopairsofsock D.Twopairofsock【答案】B【解析】sock袜子,可数名词,apairof一双,twopairsofsocks两双袜子。故选B。考向四:名词所有格名词所有格通常是用来表示一个名词和另一个名词之间的所属关系。(一)构成类别构成方法举例单数名词在词尾直接加’sJim’sroom吉姆的房间词尾已有s的复数名词在词尾只加’Students’rooms学生们的房间词尾不带s的复数名词在词尾直接加’sChildren’sDay儿童节表示两者或两者以上共有的所属关系在最后一个词的词尾加’sJaneandMary’sroom简和玛丽的房间(指两个人共用一个房间)表示两者或两者以上各自的所属关系在每个词的词尾加’sJane’sandMary’srooms简和玛丽各自的房间(指分别所有)表示某人的家、店铺、办公室等在词尾加’s,省略其后名词atmyuncle’s在我叔叔家(2)of所有格无生命的名词的所属关系一般要用介词of短语来构成。如amapofChina,attheendofthisterm。但表时间、距离、世界、国家、城市、团体、机构等无生命的名词直接在词尾加’s或’。fiveminutes’walk(3)双重所有格表示所属物的名词前有冠词(a/an),数词(one,two...),不定代词(some,all,any...),物主代词(my,your...),指示代词(this,that...时,常用"of+’s所有格"形式,即双重所有格来表示所属关系。aphotoofmysister’s我妹妹的一张照片 thisbookofmyclassmate’s我同学的这本书名词所有格的用法口诀名词所有格,表物是"谁的",若为生命词,加"’s"即可行,词尾有s,仅把逗号择;并列名词后,各自和共有,前者分别加,后者最后加;若为无生命词,of所有格,前后须倒置,此是硬规则。考向一、名词辨析1.(2022·湖北襄阳·中考真题)—Riverdolphins(豚)thatwehaven’tseenforyearsappearintheYangtzeRiver.—Ithinkit’sthe_________of10yearfishingban(禁令).Itreallyworks.A.result B.relief C.regret D.resolution2.(2022·辽宁鞍山·中考真题)—DoyouknowBingDwenDwen?—Yes.Itshowsthe________ofOlympics,includingastrongmindandahealthybody.A.promise B.spirit C.value D.rule3.(2022·江苏南通·中考真题)Mr.Fangintroducesalotaboutthe________whichisorganizedtohelpwildanimals.A.product B.promise C.present D.project4.(2022·贵州黔西·中考真题)The________ofthisconcertistoraisemoneyforanewFangcanghospital.A.activity B.purpose C.question D.reason5.(2022·广西梧州·中考真题)Doingsportsforanhoureverydayisagood________torelaxyourself.A.way B.level C.result D.answer6.(2022·山东滨州·中考真题)—Howdidyouputtogetherthemodelplanesoperfectly?—It’seasy.Ijustfollowedthe________.A.instruments B.inventions C.interviews D.instructions7.(2022·辽宁营口·中考真题)—InChina,weuseredpaperforhongbaobecauseredmeansgoodluck.—Oh,that’sinteresting!IwanttoknowmoreChinese________.A.events B.policies C.festivals D.traditions8.(2022·江苏镇江·中考真题)Listeningtomusicandwatchingfilmsarebothrelaxingformsof_______.A.achievement B.agreementC.development D.entertainment9.(2022·江苏常州·中考真题)Althoughthematchismovinginanunexpected________,ourteamwillwinfinally,Ibelieve.A.instruction B.introduction C.position D.direction10.(2022·湖北荆州·中考真题)—How’sthe________inyourcity?—Notverygood.Therearealwayslonglinesofcarsonroadsespeciallyonrainydays.A.food B.weather C.culture D.traffic11.(2022·江苏徐州·中考真题)Frommy________onthetopoftheTVtower,Icanhaveaperfectviewofourcity.A.tradition B.condition C.position D.situation12.(2022·湖北湖北·中考真题)Breakfastgivesyou________forthemorning.A.wealth B.talent C.humor D.energy13.(2022·贵州铜仁·中考真题)—“Onetreecan’tmakeaforest”isafamoussaying.—Sure.Ittellsustheimportanceof______.A.teamwork B.knowledge C.friendship D.housework14.(2022·黑龙江黑龙江·中考真题)—Jack,willyourfamilymovetoShanghai?—Yes.Myparentshasmadethe_________.A.problem B.challenge C.decision15.(2022·内蒙古包头·中考真题)—Whycouldyouwritesowell?—Ireadalot,andtheworksofErnestHemingwayhadastrong________onmeasachild.A.attention B.explanation C.situation D.influence16.(2022·贵州黔东南·中考真题)ThejourneytoCongjiangisagreat________forStevetolearnmoreaboutthemagicplacesthathehasknownfrombooksandpictures.A.introduction B.petition C.pressure D.chance17.(2022·湖北十堰·中考真题)The________ofoilgoeshigherandhigherbecauseofthewar.A.price B.pride C.progress D.promise18.(2022·江苏扬州·中考真题)Weyouthsdoourbestforourdreamsandtogetherasmallsuccesscangiveusasenseof________.A.achievement B.department C.treatment D.entertainment19.(2022·云南·中考真题)MissLihaslotsofteaching________.Shehasherownwaystomakeclasseslivelyandinteresting.A.exercise B.excitement C.experience D.environment20.(2022·辽宁阜新·中考真题)Tinatakesalotofexerciseeverydayandsheisalwaysfullof________.A.knowledge B.energy C.change D.trouble考向二、名词的数21.(2022·湖南益阳·中考真题)Look!Therearesome________eatinggrassonthehill.A.sheep B.cow C.horse22.(2022·湖南湘西·中考真题)I’mnothungryatallbecauseIjustatemuch________.A.apples B.bananas C.bread23.(2022·湖南邵阳·中考真题)—Wouldyoulikesome________?—Yes,madam.A.egg B.juice C.milkteas24.(2022·黑龙江绥化·中考真题)Withtheintroductionofthe“doublereduction”policy(双减政策),oneofthe________________thatthestudentshavelesshomework.A.changes;is B.change;is C.changes;are考向三、名词所有格25.(2022·黑龙江绥化·中考真题)________fatherisapilot.Hehasbeentomanycountriesaroundtheworld.A.TonyandPeter’s B.Tony’sandPeter C.Tony’sandPeter’s26.(2022·重庆·中考真题)Thisyear,thefamilywentcampingon________Day,June1st.A.Child B.Child’s C.Children D.Children’s1.(2022·云南保山·九年级期末)—I’msorryforthe________Imadeintheexamslastweek.—That’sallright.Keepworkinghardandtrytodobetternexttime.A.mistakes B.magazines C.decisions D.discussions2.(2022·广西·藤县教学研究室九年级期末)ZhangGuimeistartedthefirstfreeseniorhighschoolforgirlstohelpthemgetan________inLijiang,Yunnan.A.information B.interview C.education D.attention3.(2022·广西·德保县教研室九年级期末)Couldyoupleasegivemesome________onhowtogiveagoodspeech?A.suggestions B.manners C.customs D.mysteries4.(2022·广西·罗城仫佬族自治县教育局教研室九年级期末)Therearesome________inthezoo.Theylooklikelargedogs.A.grapes B.wolves C.leaves D.rabbits5.(2022·云南·峨山彝族自治县教育科学研究所九年级期末)—Canyoutellmethe________ofinghere,sir?—Oh,Ieheretolookformylostbag.A.purpose B.result C.position D.chance6.(2022·山东·济南市天桥区教育教学研究中心中学教研科九年级期末)—Whatkindof________doyoulike,Jeff?—TheModern.BecauseIcandancetoit.A.food B.noodles C.clothes D.music7.(2022·河北·曲阳县教育和体育局教研室九年级期末)Keepstudyinghardandyou’llmakegreat________soonerorlater.A.ability B.progress C.service D.survey8.(2022·河北·青县教育局教研室九年级期末)—Couldyoupleasegivemesome________aboutlearningmath?—Ofcourse,youneedmorepractice.A.advice B.suggestion C.choice D.way9.(2022·河北·青龙满族自治县教师发展中心九年级期末)Ithinkthe________ofworkistoliveabetterlifeinthefuture.A.pleasure B.sense C.chance D.purpose10.(2022·河北·卢龙县教育和体育局教研室九年级期末)The________onhisfacebecameseriousafterhefinishedreadingtheletter.A.expression B.knowledge C.project D.introduction11.(2022·河北·石家庄外国语学校九年级期末)The________oftheSanxingduiRuinsSite(三星堆遗址)amazedtheworld.A.discovery B.development C.disbelief D.difference12.(2022·天津河西·九年级期末)ThebookThe________ofTomSawyeriswrittenbyMarkTwain.ItisthoughttobeoneofthegreatestAmericanstories.A.Instruments B.Troubles C.Treasures D.Adventures13.(2022·天津河北·九年级期末)Whenthefirstbookcameout,itwasabig________.Anditisthoughttobeoneofthemostpopularbooks.A.method B.success C.decision D.excuse14.(2022·天津河西·九年级期末)OurteacheraskseachstudentintheReadingClubtoreadafavouritebook,writea________ofitandreaditoutinclass.A.homework B.review C.policy D.menu15.(2022·安徽亳州·九年级期末)—Tina,areyouactiveinclass?—Yes,butoftenIdon’thave________toshowmyselfinasixtystudentclass.A.reasons B.choices C.chances D.abilities16.(2022·山东青岛·九年级期末)A________isapersonwhoisskilledatsomething.A.master B.minister C.custom D.instrument17.(2022·湖北武汉·九年级期末)—Whydoyoulikethisbrand?—Becauseallthematerialsusedareofthebest________.A.grade B.style C.size D.price18.(2022·安徽合肥·九年级期末)Workingingroupsisagood________ifyouaren’tabletosolvetheproblemsbyyourself.A.method B.standard C.report D.subject19.(2022·江苏泰州·九年级期末)Tomakegooduseofthenewrobot,you’dbetterlookthroughthe________first.A.instruction B.instrument C.production D.invention20.(2022·河北·石家庄二十三中九年级期末)—It’shernewpainting,andIthinkitismorebeautifulthanheroldones.—Iagreewithyou.Herlatestpaintingisuptoherhighest________.A.purpose B.standard C.advantage D.wealth21.(2022·江苏南京·九年级期末)—ThousandsofChinesechildrenplaythepianoatpresent.—Oh,Ithinklearningamusical________guidesachildtoanunderstandingofmusic.A.agreement B.development C.instrument D.achievement22.(2022·浙江温州·九年级期末)—Mom,howoftenshouldItakethemedicine?—Followthe_________,Dan.Youcanfindtheminsidethemedicinebox.A.methods B.examples C.traditions D.instructions23.(2022·天津红桥·九年级期末)Damingwasn’tchosenforourteamlasttime.Thatwasabad________.Wecan’tplaywellwithouthim.A.decision B.review C.subject D.standard24.(2022·安徽安庆·九年级期末)AlthoughYuanLongpinghaspassedaway,eachChineseregardshimasagreat________,becausehehelpsmanypeopleoutofhungerintheworld.A.director B.magician C.master D.hero25.(2022·江苏盐城·九年级期末)Peoplewithoutbreakfastdon’thaveenough________theyneedtogetthroughthemorning.A.exercise B.courage C.confidence D.energy26.(2022·湖北十堰·九年级期末)—IsthephototakeninTibet?—Yes.Youcanseebeautifulsnowmountainsinthe________ofthephoto.A.form B.background

C.surface D.introduction27.(2022·甘肃白银·九年级期末)—Yesterdaymyfatherboughtmeanewmobilephoneasapresent,butIdon’tknowhowtouseit.—Whynotreadthe________firstbeforeusingit?A.conclusions B.conditions C.suggestions D.instructions28.(2022·江苏苏州·九年级期末)China’sspaceprogramhasmadeanother________,asithassuccessfullysentthreemoreastronautstothespacestation.A.research B.promise C.achievement D.encouragement29.(2022·辽宁沈阳·九年级期末)I’mcertainJohnwon’tlosehiswaybecausehehasagood________ofdirection.A.sense B.feeling C.business D.advantage30.(2022·辽宁·抚顺市新抚区教师进修学校中学研训部九年级期末)Mycousincouldplayseveralmusicalwhenhewasyoung.A.introductions B.influences C.interviews D.instruments名词辨析易错题1.—WhatdoyouthinkofTom?—Idon’tlikehim.Hehadalong________forpeoplewhohaddisappointedhim.A.record B.mind C.thought D.memory2.Withthe________oftheLawonFamilyEducationPromotion,peoplerealizethatfamilyeducationisnolongerjustafamilymatterbutastateaffair(事务).A.collection B.introductionC.invention D.invitation3.—DoyouknowtheChineseidiom(成语)“Mengzi’smothermakesthreemoves”?—Yes.Ittellsofamotherwhodidallshecouldtoprovidebetter________forherchild.A.experience B.instruction C.environment D.information4.TheastronautsinShenzhou13hadrealtime_________withthegroundclassroomsinfivecitiestospreadtheknowledgeofspacetoyoungpeople.A.conclusion B.munication C.contribution D.petition5.Though

Zhong

Nanshan

is

86

years

old,

he

makes

a

great________to

the

medical

development.A.celebration B.contribution C.conversation D.collection6.—MoreandmoretouristsfromallovertheworldetovisittheThreeGorges(三峡)inChongqing.—That’strue.Ithasbeethe________ofChongqing.A.effort B.praise C.courage D.pride7.—Thereisa

温馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
  • 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
  • 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
  • 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
  • 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。

评论

0/150

提交评论