英语六级真题试卷完整版

英语六级真题试卷完整版PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayoninnovation.Youressayshouldincludetheimportanceofinnovationandmeasurestobetakentoencourageinnovation.Youarerequiredtowriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.PartⅡListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.1.A)Ittriestopredictthepossibletrendsofglobalclimatechange.B)Itstudiestheimpactsofglobalclimatechangeonpeople’slives.C)Itlinksthescienceofclimatechangetoeconomicandpolicyissues.D)Itfocusesontheeffortscountriescanmaketodealwithglobalwarming.2.A)Itwilltakealongtimebeforeaconsensusisreachedonitsimpact.B)Itwouldbemorecostlytodealwithitsconsequencesthantoavoidit.C)Itisthemostpressingissueconfrontingallcountries.D)Itisboundtocauseendlessdisputesamongnations.3.A)Thetransitiontolow-carbonenergysystems.B)Thecooperationamongworldmajorpowers.C)Thesigningofaglobalagreement.D)Theraisingofpeople’sawareness.4.A)Carryoutmoreresearchonit.B)Planwellinadvance.C)Cutdownenergyconsumption.D)Adoptnewtechnology.Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.5.A)Whenluckplaysarole.B)Whatdeterminessuccess.C)Whetherpracticemakesperfect.D)Howimportantnaturaltalentis.6.A)Itknocksatyourdooronlyonceinawhile.B)Itissomethingthatnoonecanpossiblycreate.C)Itcomesnaturallyoutofone’sself-confidence.D)Itmeansbeinggoodatseizingopportunities.7.A)Luckrarelycontributestoaperson’ssuccess.B)Onemusthavenaturaltalenttobesuccessful.C)Oneshouldalwaysbereadytoseizeopportunities.D)Practiceisessentialtobecominggoodatsomething.8.A)Puttingtimeandeffortintofunthingsisprofitable.B)Peoplewholovewhattheydocarelittleaboutmoney.C)Beingpassionateaboutworkcanmakeonewealthy.D)Peopleinneedofmoneyworkhardautomatically.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions9to12arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.9.A)Thestumpofagianttree.B)Ahugepieceofrock.C)Thepeakofamountain.D)Atallchimney.10.A)Humanactivity.B)Windandwater.C)Chemicalprocesses.D)Fireandfury.11.A)Itisahistoricalmonument.B)Itwasbuiltinancienttimes.C)ItisIndians’sacredplaceforworship.D)Itwascreatedbysupernaturalpowers.12.A)Byshelteringtheminacave.B)Bykillingtheattackingbears.C)Byliftingthemwellabovetheground.D)Bytakingthemtothetopofamountain.Questions13to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.13.A)Theywillbuysomethingfromtheconveniencestores.B)Theywilltakeadvantageofthetimetorestawhile.C)Theywillhavetheirvehicleswashedorserviced.D)Theywillpickupsomesouvenirsorgiftitems.14.A)Theycanbringonlytemporarypleasures.B)Theyaremeantfortheextremelywealthy.C)Theyshouldbedoneawaywithaltogether.D)Theymayeventuallydriveonetobankruptcy.15.A)Agoodwaytosocializeistohavedailylunchwithone’scolleagues.B)Retirementsavingsshouldcomefirstinone’sfamilybudgeting.C)Avacationwillbeaffordableifonesaves20dollarsaweek.D)Smalldailysavingscanmakeabigdifferenceinone’slife.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.16.A)Theyshouldbedoneawaywith.B)Theyarenecessaryinourlives.C)Theyenrichourexperience.D)Theyareharmfultohealth.17.A)Theyfeelstressedoutevenwithoutanychallengesinlife.B)Theyfeeltoooverwhelmedtodealwithlife’sproblems.C)Theyareanxioustofreethemselvesfromlife’stroubles.D)Theyareexhaustedevenwithoutdoinganyheavywork.18.A)Theyexpandourmind.B)Theyprolongourlives.C)Theynarrowourfocus.D)Theylessenourburdens.Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.A)Itisnoteasilybreakable.B)Itcamefroma3Dprinter.C)Itrepresentsthelateststyle.D)Itwasmadebyafashiondesigner.20.A)Whenshehadjustgraduatedfromhercollege.B)WhensheattendedaconferenceinNewYorkC)Whenshewasstudyingatafashiondesignschool.D)Whensheattendedafashionshowninemonthsago.21.A)Itwasdifficulttoprint.B)Itwashardtocomeby.C)Itwashardandbreakable.D)Itwasextremelyexpensive.22.A)Itisthelatestmodelofa3Dprinter.B)Itisaplasticwidelyusedin3Dprinting.C)Itgivesfashiondesignersroomforimagination.D)Itmarksabreakthroughinprintingmaterial.Questions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.23.A)Theyarisefromtheadvancesintechnology.B)Theyhavenotbeenexaminedindetailsofar.C)Theyareeasytosolvewithmoderntechnology.D)Theycan’tbesolvedwithoutgovernmentsupport.24.A)Itisattractivetoentrepreneurs.B)Itdemandshugeinvestment.C)Itfocusesonnewproducts.D)Itisintenselycompetitive.25.A)Cooperationwithbigcompanies.B)Recruitingmorequalifiedstaff.C)In-servicetrainingofITpersonnel.D)Sharingofcostswitheachother.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectoutonewordforeachblankfromalotofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Smallcommunities,withtheirdistinctivecharacter—wherelifeisstableandintenselyhuman—aredisappearing.Somehave__26____fromthefaceoftheearth,othersaredyingslowly,butallhave___27___changesastheyhavecomeintocontactwithan___28___machinecivilization.Themergingofdiversepeoplesintoacommonmasshasproducedtensionamongmembersoftheminoritiesandthemajorityalike.TheOldOrderAmish,whoarrivedonAmericanshoresincolonialtimes,have___29___inthemodernworldindistinctive,smallcommunities.Theyhaveresistedthehomogenization___30___moresuccessfullythanothers.Inplantingandharvesttimesonecanseetheirbeardedmenworkingthefieldswithhorsesandtheirwomenhangingoutthelaundryinneatrowstodry.ManyAmericanpeoplehaveseenAmishfamilieswiththemenwearingbroad-brimmedblackhatsandthewomeninlongdresses.Inrailwayorbus___31___.AlthoughtheAmishhavelivedwith___32___Americaforovertwoandahalfcenturies.Theyhavemoderateditsinfluenceontheirpersonallives,theirfamilies,communities,andtheirvalues.TheAmishareoften___33___byotherAmericanstoberelicsofthepastwholiveasimple,inflexiblelifededicatedtoinconvenientout-datedcustoms.Theyareseenasabandoningbothmodem___34___andtheAmericandreamofsuccessandprogress,ButmostpeoplehavenoquarrelwiththeAmishfordoingthingstheold-fashionedway.Theirconscientiousobjectionwastoleratedinwartime.Forafterall.Theyaregoodfarmerswho___35___thevirtuesofworkandthrift.A)accessingI)progressB)conveniencesJ)respectiveC)destinedK)survivedD)expandingL)terminalsE)industrializedM)undergoneF)perceivedN)universalG)practiceO)vanishedH)processSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.CountriesRushforUpperHandinAntarcticaA)Onaglacier-filledislandwithfjords(峡湾)andelephantseals,RussiahasbuiltAntarctica’sfirstOrthodoxchurchonabilloverlookingitsresearchbase.Lessthananhourawaybysnowmobile.ChineselaborershaveupdatedtheGreatWallStation,avitalpartofChina’splantooperatefivebassesonAntarctica,completewithanindoorbadmintoncourtandsleepingquartersfor150people.Nottobeoutdone,India’sfuturisticnewBharathibase,builtonstills(桩子)using134interlockingshippingcontainers,resemblesaspaceship.TurkeyandIranhaveannouncedplanstobuildbases,too.B)Morethanacenturyhaspassedsinceexplorersracedtoplanttheirflagsatthebottomoftheworld,andfordecadestocomethiscontinentissupposedtobeprotectedasascientificpreserve,shieldedfromintrusionslikemilitaryactivitiesandmining.Butanarrayofcountriesarerushingtoassertgreaterinfluencehere,withaneyenotjusttowardsthedaythoseprotectivetreatiesexpire,butalsoforthestrategicandcommercialthatalreadyexist.C)Thenewerplayersaresteppingintowhattheyviewasatreasurehouseofresources.SomeoftheventuresfocusontheAntarcticresourcesthatarealreadyupforgrabs,likeabundantsealife.SouthKorea,whichoperatesstate-of–the-artbaseshere,isincreasingitsfishingofkrill(磷虾)，foundinabundanceintheSouthernOcean,whileRussiarecentlyfrustratedeffortstocreateoneoftheworld’slargestoceansanctuarieshere.D)SomescientistsareexaminingthepotentialforharvestingicebergsformAntarctica,whichisestimatedtohavethebiggestreservesoffreshwaterontheplanet.Nationsarealsopressingaheadwithspaceresearchandsatelliteprojectstoexpandtheirglobalnavigationabilities.E)BuildingonaSoviet-erafoothold,RussiaisexpandingitsmonitoringstationsforGlonass,itsversionoftheGlobalPositioningSystem(GPS).AtleastthreeRussianstationsarealreadyoperatinginAntarctica,partofitsefforttochallengethedominanceoftheAmericanGPS,andnewstationsareplannedforsitesliketheRussianbase,intheshadowoftheOrthodoxChurchoftheHolyTrinity.F)ElsewhereinAntarctica,RussianresearchersboastoftheirrecentdiscoveryofafreshwaterreservethesizeofLakeOntarioafterdrillingthroughmilesofsolidice.“Youcanseethatwe’reheretostay,”saidVladimirCheberdak,57,chiefoftheBellingshausenStation,ashesippedteaunderaportraitofFabianGottliebvonBellingshausen,ahigh-rankingofficerintheImperialRussianNavywhoexploredtheAntarcticcoastin1820.G)Antarctica’smineral,oilandgaswealtharealonger-termprize.Thetreatybanningmininghere,shieldingcoveted(令人垂诞的)reservesofironore,coalandchromium,comesupforreviewin2048.Researchersrecentlyfoundkimberlite(金伯利岩)depositshintingattheexistenceofdiamonds.Andwhileassessmentsvarywidely,geologistsestimatethatAntarcticaholdsatleast36billionbarrelsofoilandnaturalgas.H)BeyondtheAntarctictreaties,hugeobstaclespersisttotappingtheseresources,likedriftingicebergsthatcouldjeopardizeoffshoreplatforms.ThenthereisAntarctic’sremoteness,withsomemineraldepositsfoundinwindsweptlocationsonacontinentthatislargertheEuropeandwherewintertemperatureshoveraroundminus55degreesCelsius.I)ButadvancesintechnologymightmakeAntarcticaalotmoreaccessiblethreedecadesfromnow.Andevenbeforethen,scholarswarn,thedemandforresourcesinanenergy-hungryworldcouldraisepressuretorenegotiateAntarctica’streaties,possiblyallowingmorecommercialendeavoursherewellbeforetheprohibitionsagainstthemexpire.TheresearchstationsonKingGeorgelslandofferaglimpseintothelonggameonthisice-blanketedcontinentasnationsassertthemselves,erodingtheswaylongheldbycountriesliketheUnitedStates,Britain.AustraliaandNewZealand.J)BeingstationedinAntarcticainvolvesadaptingtolifeontheplanet’sdriest,windiestandcoldestcontinent,yeteachnationmanagestomakeitselfathome.BeardedRussianpriestsofferregularservicesattheOrthodoxchurchforthe16orsoRussianspeakerswhospendthewinteratthebase,largelypolarscientistsinfieldslikeglaciologyandmeteorology.Theirnumberclimbstoabout40inthewarmersummermonths.ChinahasarguablythefastestgrowingoperationsinAntarctica.Itopeneditsfourthstationlastyearandispressingaheadwithplanstobuildafifth.Itisbuildingitssecondice-breakingshipandsettingupresearchdrillingoperationsonanicedome13,422feetabovesealevelthatisonetheplanet’scoldestplaces.ChineseofficialssaytheexpansioninAntarcticaprioritisesscientificresearch.Buttheyalsoacknowledgethatconcernsabout“resourcesecurity”influencetheirmoves.K)China’snewlyrenovatedGreatWallStationonKingGeorgelslandmakestheRussianandChileanbaseshereseemoutdated.”Wedoweathermonitoringhereandotherresearch.”NingXu,53,thechiefoftheChinesebase,saidoverteaduringafierceblizzard(暴风雪)inlateNovember.Thelargebaseheleadsresemblesasnowed-incollegecampusonholidaybreak,withthecapacitytosleepmorethan10timesthe13peoplewhowerestayingonthroughtheAntarcticwinter.YongYu,aChinesemicrobiologist,showedoffthespaciousbuilding,withemptydesksunderanillustratedtimelinedetailingtherapidgrowthofChina’sAntarcticoperationssincethe1980s“Wenowfeelequippedtogrow,”hesaid.L)AssomecountriesexpandoperationsinAntarctica,theUnitedStatesmaintainsthreeyear-roundstationsonthecontinentwithmorethan1,000peopleduringthesouthernhemisphere’ssummer,includingthoseattheAmundsenScottstation,builtin1956atanelevationof9,301feetonaplateauattheSouthPole.ButUSresearchersquietlycomplainaboutbudgetrestraintsandhavingfarfewericebreakerstheRussia,limitingthereachoftheUnitedStatesinAntarctica.M)ScholarswarnthatAntarctica’spoliticaldriftcouldblurthedistinctionbetweenmilitaryandcivilianactivitieslongbeforethecontinent’streatiescomeupforrenegotiation,especiallyinpartsofAntarcticathatareidealforintercepting(拦截)signalsfromsatellitesorretaskingsatellitesystems,potentiallyenhancingglobalelectronicintelligenceoperations.N)Somecountrieshavehadahardtimehere,Brazilopenedaresearchstationin1984,butitwaslargelydestroyedbyafirethatkilledtwomembersofthenavyin2012,thesameyearthatadiesel-ladenBrazilianbargesanknearthebase.Asifthatwerenotenough.aBrazilianC-130HerculesmilitarytransportplanehasremainedstrandedneartherunwayofChile’sairbaseheresinceitcrash-landedin2014.O)However,Brazil’sstretchofmisfortunehascreatedopportunitiesforChina,withaChinesecompanywinningthe$100millioncontractin2015torebuildtheBrazilianstation.P)Amidallthechanges,Antarcticamaintainsitsallure.SouthKoreaopeneditssecondAntarcticresearchbasein2014,describingitasawaytotestrobotsdevelopedbyKoreanresearchersforuseinextremeconditions.WithRussia’shelp,BelarusispreparingtobuildthisfirstAntarcticbase.ColombiasaidthisyearthatitplannedtojoinotherSouthAmericannationswithbasesinAntarctica.Q)“TheolddaysoftheAntarcticbeingdominatedbytheinterestsandwishesofwhitemenfromEuropean.AustralasianandNorthAmericanstatesareover.”SaidKlausDodds,apoliticsscholarattheUniversityofLondonwhospecialisesinAntarctica.“TherealityisthatAntarcticaisgeopoliticallycontested.”36.AccordingtoChineseofficials,theiractivitiesinAntarcticalaygreateremphasisonscientificresearch.37.Effortstocreateoneoftheworld’slargestoceansanctuariesfailedbecauseofRussia’sobstruction.38.WithseveralmonitoringstationsoperatinginAntarctica,RussiaistryinghardtocounterAmerica’sdominanceinthefieldofworldwidenavigationalfacilities.39.Accordingtogeologists’estimates.Antarcticahasenormousreservesofoilandnaturalgas.40.ItisestimatedthatAntarcticaboastsoftherichestreservesoffreshwateronearth.41.ThedemandforenergyresourcesmaycompelrenegotiationofAntarctica’streatiesbeforetheirexpiration.42.ManycountriesareracingagainsteachothertoincreasetheirbusinessandstrategicinfluenceonAntarctica.43.Antarctica’sharshnaturalconditionsconstitutehugeobstaclestotheexploitationofitsresources.44.Withcompetitionfrommanycountries,Antarcticaisnolongerdominatedbythetraditionalwhitenations.45.AmericanscientistscomplainaboutlackofsufficientmoneyandequipmentfortheirexpansioninAntarctica.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageoneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Anyveterannicotineaddictwilltestifythatfancypackagingplaysnoroleinthedecisiontokeepsmoking.So,itisargued,strippingcartonsoftheirbrandingwilltriggernomassmovementtoquit.Butthatisn’twhythegovernment—underpressurefromcancercharities,healthworkersandtheLabourparty—hasagreedtolegislateforstandardizedpackaging.Thetheoryisthatsmokingshouldbestrippedofanyappealtodiscouragenewgenerationsfromstartinginthefirstplace.Plainpackagingwouldbeanotherstepinthereclassificationofcigarettesfrominvitingconsumerproductstonarcotics(麻醉剂).Naturally,thetobaccoindustryisviolentlyopposed.Nobusinesslikestoadmitthatitsellsaddictivepoisonasalifestylechoice.Thatiswhygovernmenthashistoricallyintervened,banningadvertising,imposinghealthwarningsandpunitive(惩罚性的)duties.Thisapproachhasledovertimetoafallinsmokingwithnumbershavingroughlyhalvedsincethe1970s.EvidencefromAustraliasuggestsplainpackagingpushessocietyfurtheralongthatroad.SincetobaccoasoneofthebiggestcausesofprematuredeathintheUK,ameasurethattamesthehabitevenbyafractionisworthtrying.Sowhyhasittakensolong?TheDepartmentofHealthdeclareditsintentiontoconsiderthemoveinNovember2010andconsultedthrough2012.ButtheplanwassuspendedinJuly2013.ItdidnotescapenoticethatalobbyingfirmsetupbyLyntonCrosby,DavidCameron’selectioncampaigndirector,hadpreviouslyactedforPhilipMorrisInternational.(Theprimeministerdeniedtherewasaconnectionbetweenhisnewsadviser’soutsideinterestsandthechangeinlegislativeprogramme.)InNovember2013,afteranunnecessaryroundofadditionalconsultation,healthministerJaneEllisonsaidthegovernmentwasmindedtoproceedafterall.NowwearetoldMembersofParliament(MPs)willhaveafreevoicebeforeparliamentisdissolvedinMarch.Parliamenthasinfactalreadyauthorisedthegovernmenttotamethetobaccotrade.MPsvotedoverwhelminglyinfavourofLabouramendmentstothechildrenandfamiliesbilllastFebruarythatincludedthepowertoregulateforplainpackaging.WithsufficientwillinDowningStreetthiswouldhavebeendonealready.ButstrengthofwillisthemissingingredientwhereMr.Cameronandpublichealthareconcerned.Hisattitudetostateinterventionhaslookedconfusedeversincehisbizarre2006lament(叹息)thatchocolateorangesplacedseductivelyatsupermarketcheck-outsfueledobesity.Thegovernmenthasmovedreluctantlyintoasensiblepublichealthpolicy,butwithsuchobviousover-cautiousnessthatanypoliticalcreditduebelongstotheopposition.WithoutsustainedexternalpressureitseemscertainMr.Cameronwouldstillbehookedontheinterestsofbigtobaccocompanies.46.Whatdochainsmokersthinkofcigarettepackaging?A)Fancypackagingcanhelptoengagenewsmokers.B)Ithaslittletodowiththequalityortasteofcigarettes.C)Plainpackagingdiscouragesnon-smokersfromtakingupsmoking.D)Ithaslittleimpactontheirdecisionwhetherornottoquitsmoking.47.WhathastheUKgovernmentagreedtodoconcerningtobaccopackaging?A)Passalawtostandardisecigarettepackaging.B)Ridcigarettecartonsofalladvertisements.C)Subsidisecompaniestoadoptplainpackaging.D)Reclassifycigarettesaccordingtopackaging.48.WhathashappenedinAustraliawhereplainpackagingisimplemented?A)Prematuredeathratesresultingfromsmokinghavedeclined.B)ThenumberofsmokershasdroppedmoresharplythanintheUK.C)Thesalesoftobaccosubstituteshaveincreasedconsiderably.D)CigarettesaleshavebeenfallingfarmorequicklythanintheUK.49.WhyittakensolongfortheUKgovernmenttoconsiderplainpackaging?A)PrimeMinisterCameronhasbeenreluctanttotakeaction.B)Thereisstrongoppositionfromveterannicotineaddicts.C)ManyMembersofParliamentareaddictedtosmoking.D)Pressurefromtobaccomanufacturersremainsstrong.50.WhatdidCameronsayaboutchocolateorangesatsupermarketcheckouts?A)Theyfueledalotofcontroversy.B)TheymademoreBritishpeopleobese.C)Theyattractedalotofsmokers.D)Theyhadcertainingredientsmissing.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Whatawasteofmoney!Inreturnforanaverageof£44,000ofdebt,studentsgetanaverageofonly14hoursoflectureandtutorialtimeaweekinBritain.Annualfeeshaverisenfrom£1,000to$9,000inthelastdecade.Butcontacttimeatuniversityhasbarelyrisenatall.Andgraduatingdoesn’tevenprovideanyguaranteeofadecentjob:sixintengraduatestodayareinnon-graduatejobs.Nowonderithasbecomefashionabletodenouncemanyuniversitiesaslittlemorethatelaboratecom-tricks(骗术).There’salotforstudentstocomplainabouttherepaymentthresholdforpayingbackloanswillbefrozenforfiveyears,meaningthatlower-paidgradualshavetostartrepayingtheirloans,andmaintenancegrantshavebeenreplacedbyloansmeaningthatstudentsfrompoorerbackgroundsfacehigherdebtthanthosewithwealthierparents.Yetitstillpaystogotouniversity.Ifgoingtouniversitydoesn’tworkout,studentspayverylittle—ifany—oftheirtuitionfeesback,youonlystartrepayingwhenyouareearning£21,000ayear.Almosthalfofgraduates—thosewhogoontoearnless—willhaveaportionoftheirdebtwrittenoff.It’snotjustthelecturesandtutorialsthatareimportant.Educationisthesumofwhatstudentsteacheachotherinbetweenlecturesandseminars.Studentsdonotmerelybenefitwhileatuniversity,studiesshowtheygoontobehealthierandhappierthannon-graduates,andalsofarmorelikelytovote.Whateveryourtalents,itisextraordinarilydifficulttogetaleadingjobinmostfieldswithouthavingbeentouniversity.Recruiterscircleeliteuniversitieslikevulturous(兀鹰).Manytopfirmswillnotevenlookatapplicationsfromthosewholacka2.