高考英语创新一轮复习学案导学人教版讲义第一部分必修三Unit4

Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestarsⅠ.情景默写1.TheTransitionisnowgoingthroughcrash(碰撞)teststomakesureitmeetsfederalsafetystandards.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)2.Theseincludecustom－madenavigation(导航)tools，nightvisionsystems(系统)andintelligentspeedadaptations.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)3.Worsestill，beingaddictedtocellphonesmightalsoleadtoteenagers’poorperformanceatschool，thus(因此)addingtotheelders’worries.4.Hisgentle(温和的)smilesandreadyhandshavealwaysbeenourbestprides.5.Thefinalsofthematchweregoingoninanexcitingatmosphere(气氛)andwonheartyapplauseattimes.6.Hisbrotherreceivedadegreeofastronomy(天文学)whenhegraduatedfromcollege.7.You’dbetterpull(拉；拖)yourcarovertothesideoftheroadifyoumustansweraphonecall.8.Somefundamental(基本的)mistakesarenotallowedtomakewhenyouaredoingthework.9.Asweknow，theearthisbeingwarmerandwarmerduetotheglobalclimate(气候)change.10.Unlike(不像)mostpeopleintheofficewhoetoworkbycar，Iusuallyetoworkbybus.11.Ifyoumultiply(乘)twoandthree,youwillgetsix.12.Oxygen(氧气)isakindofgasthatisnecessaryforanimalsandplantstolive.13.TheyoungmanknowslittleaboutNewton’slawofgravity(重力).14.Thesmellofnewbreadfloated(飘动)upfromthekitchen.15.WhentheChinesewomenvolleyballteamturnedup，allthefanscheered__up(感到振奋).16.PleasetellmewhenMr.SmithisarrivingatthetrainstationsothatIcanpickhimupin__time(及时).17.Oncehehasmadeuphismind，noonecanpreventhimfrom(阻止)carryingouttheplan.18.Atlastthefirefightersputoutthefireinthesupermarket，whichbroke__out(突发；爆发)attenthismorning.19.You’vemademesufferinthepast，sonowyou，in__your__turn(轮到你)，sufferagain!20.Shemarriedat17andgave__birth__to(分娩)herfirstchildshortlyafter.21.Sheboughtaheavycurtaintoblock__out(挡住)thelight.Ⅱ.词性转换1.Heoftensaysthathedoesn’tbelieveinanyreligion(religious)andonlybelievesinhimself.2.Thefactorygivesoffharmfulgases.Theymaydoharmtoourhealth.(harm)3.Doyoubelievetheexistenceofghosts?Perhapstheyonlyexistinthemindsofsomepeople.(exist)4.Thepuzzledlookonherfacesuggestedshewaspuzzledaboutthepuzzlingmathproblem.(puzzle)5.Therobbershitthemviolently.Theycouldn’tbearitanymoresotheydecidedtoanswerviolencewithviolenceandbegantheirviolentfightback.(violent)1.句型公式：形式宾语it我理所当然地认为他会帮助我们。Itook__it__for__granted__thathewouldhelpus.2.句型公式：形式主语it显而易见，一个好的学习习惯能帮助我们尽快达到目标。It__is__obvious__thatagoodlearninghabitcanhelpustospeeduptoreachourdestinations.3.句型公式：what引导的主语从句另外，可能最使你感兴趣的是，考试时我真的紧张、烦躁。Inaddition，what__may__interest__you__mostisthatIamreallynervousandupsetwhentakingtheexam.(四川卷·满分作文)4.句型公式：beluckyenoughtodosth只有二十个学生被选出到国外学习，我很幸运的成为其中一个。Therewere20studentschosentogoabroadtostudy，andI__was__luckyenough__to__be__one__of__them.5.句型公式：as＋adj.＋a/an＋n.＋as请给予他们鼓励，让他们和你们一样过着丰富多彩而充实的生活。Pleasegivethemencouragementto__live__as__rich__and__full__a__life__asyoudo.6.句型公式：倍数＋as...as...新图书馆是旧图书馆的4倍大。Ournewlibraryisfour__times__as__large__astheoldone.7.句型公式：nowthat引导原因状语从句既然大家都到齐了，我们可以开始开会了。Now__that__everybody__is__here，wecanbeginthemeeting.第一板块重点单词1.harmfuladj.有害的高考必刷题练透单句语法填空/微写作①Asweallknow，abadeatinghabitisharmful(harm)toone’shealth.②AsfarasI’mconcerned，thereisnoharm(harmful)inmakinganapologytohimfirst.③这些天，违反交通规则和乱扔垃圾的现象很常见，对生活和环境造成了严重的破坏。(安徽卷)Thesedays，breakingtrafficrulesandlitteringarenotunmon，causing/doingserious__harm__to__life__and__the__environment.或which__causes/doesserious__harm__to__life__and__the__environment.状元笔记全记牢(1)beharmfulto...对……有害(2)harmn.&vt.伤害；损害doharmtosb＝dosbharm对某人有害Thereisnoharmindoingsth做某事没有坏处(3)harmlessadj.无害的2.existvi.存在；生存高考必刷题练透单句语法填空/完成句子①Eventhoughheisalittleboy，strangeideasalwaysexistinhismind.②Theoldladybecameseriouslyilllastweek；shehasonlyexistedonmilkeversince.③Thereexists(exist)agoodwaytosolvetheproblematpresent.④Scientistshavemanytheoriesabouthow__the__universe__first__came__intoexistence.关于一开始宇宙是如何产生的，科学家们有多种观点。状元笔记全记牢(1)existin存在于……之中existon靠……为生Thereexists/existed...某地有……(2)existencen.存在；生存inexistence存在eintoexistence产生；开始存在【点津】exist是不及物动词，没有被动语态，也不用于进行时态。3.puzzlevt.使迷惑；使为难；使窘困；感到迷惑n.谜；难题；(游戏的)猜谜高考必刷题练透单句语法填空/单句改错/微写作①Thepolicearestillpuzzlingabout/overhowtheaccidentcouldhavehappened.②Iampuzzled(puzzle)byhisfailuretoreplythathehasn’trepliedtomyletter.③Wherethelostboyhasgonestillremainspuzzletous.remains后加a或puzzle→puzzling④Herpuzzlinglookonherfacesuggestedshedidn’tunderstandwhatIsaid.puzzling→puzzled⑤事实上，所困扰你的事情对于中国的父母来说也是一个难题。What__puzzles__you__is__actually__a__puzzle__to__many__parents__in__China.(陕西卷)状元笔记全记牢(1)puzzleover/aboutsth苦苦思索(2)apuzzletosb某人不懂……beinapuzzle不知如何是好(3)puzzledadj.迷惑不解的(常用来修饰人或人的表情等)puzzlingadj.令人迷惑的(常用来修饰事物)第二板块核心短语1.intime及时；终于；总有一天高考必刷题练透写出下列句中intime的含义/语段填空/微写作①Doyouwanttogetupintimetohavebreakfastwithyourfamily？(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)及时②You’llsucceedintimebecauseyouarealwaysworkinghard.总有一天③Workinghardmadehimsuccessfulintime.终于④AtonetimeIgrewcrazyaboutskating.However，Ifellontothegroundfromtimetotime，butIknewthatIwouldatnotimebeskilledifIlackofpractice.⑤所以，我没有及时抽出时间给你回信。(山东卷)Therefore，I__couldn’t__spare__time__to__write__you__back__in__time.状元笔记全记牢(1)innotime立刻；马上atnotime决不(放在句首时，句子用部分倒装)atatime每次；一次atonetime曾经；一度atthesametime同时fromtimetotime有时；偶尔(2)takeone’stime别着急；慢慢来killtime消磨时间2.inone’sturn轮到某人；接着高考必刷题练透单句语法填空/微写作①Peopletrytoavoidpublictransportationdelaysbyusingtheirowncars，andthisinturncreatesmoreproblems.②Ithinkit’smyturnto__drive(drive)thekidstoschoolthisweek.③Itturnedoutthatthisyoungmanwasnoneotherthantheoldman’sson.④当轮到我时，我激动得都说不出话来了。When__it__is__in__my__turn，I__am__too__excited__to__speak.状元笔记全记牢inturn依次；轮流；反之；相应地byturns轮流；交替地taketurnstodosth轮流做某事Itisone’sturntodosth轮到某人做某事Itturns/turnedoutthat...结果……3.cheerup(使)高兴；(使)振奋；感到高兴；感到振奋高考必刷题练透单句语法填空/单句改错①Uponarrivingattheclassroom，theauthorwascheeredupbyawarmwele.②Theydothisinordertoencouragecrowdstocheertheirsportsteamon.③Let’sgotothefootballgameandcheerforourfavoriteteam.④WhenI’mfeelingsadmymothertellsmefunnystoriestocheerup.cheer后加__me状元笔记全记牢(1)cheersbup使某人振作起来cheersbon为某人加油cheerfor为……而欢呼(2)Cheers干杯！第三板块经典句式1.ButwhenItriedtostepforward，IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。高考必刷题练透单句语法填空/一句多译①Thisbookistwicelonger(long)thanthelengthofthatone.②Theworld’spopulationhasgrowntomorethansixtimeswhatitwasin1800.③最近发现的一颗行星几乎是地球的三倍大。状元笔记全记牢(1)“twiceasfaras...”是倍数的一种表示方法，意为“是……的两倍远”。(2)常见倍数表达法：·A＋be＋倍数＋as＋adj./adv.原级＋asB·A＋be＋倍数＋adj./adv.比较级＋thanB·A＋be＋倍数＋the＋名词size/weight/length...＋ofB·A＋倍数＋what从句，表示“A是……的多少倍”2.Thisproducedachainreaction，whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.这就产生了一个连锁反应使生命的发展成为可能。高考必刷题练透单句改错/一句多译①Thesunheatstheearth，whichmakesitpossibleforplantsgrow.plants后加to②Thegirlknowsthreeforeignlanguages，whichmakesitseasierforhertofindagoodjob.its→it③精通这项技术可能会让我们更加有效地利用网络。③－1Masteringthetechnologymakes__it__possible__for__us__to__use__theInternet__more__effectively.③－2Masteringthetechnologymakes__it__possible__that__we__can__use__theInternet__more__effectively.状元笔记全记牢(1)在“makeit＋形容词/名词＋todosth”中it为形式宾语，指代后面的不定式结构，形容词或名词为宾语补足语。(2)在该句型中，作宾语的代不定式结构可换为that引导的宾语从句。Ⅰ.课文语法填空Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan.However，accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory，itbeganwitha“BigBang”.Thentheearthexplodedloudlyandproducedwatervaporandmanygases，1.making(make)theearth’satmosphere.Andthenastheearthcooleddown，waterappearedandstayed2.onthesurface.Itwasthepresenceofwater3.thatallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas，whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.Andthe4.appearance(appear)ofsmallplantsencouragedthedevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next，greenplantsbegantogrowonland.5.Theywerefollowedbylandanimals.Later，reptilesappearedfor6.thefirsttime，afterwhichdinosaursdeveloped.However，theysuddenly7.disappeared(appear).Therefore，mammalsroseontheearth.Finally，humansappearedandspreadallovertheearth.8.However，theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere，makingtheearthtoohottoliveon.So9.whetherlifewillcontinueontheearthwilldependonwhetherthisproblemcan10.be__solved(solve).Ⅱ.课文短文改错Accordingtoawideacceptedtheory，theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang”thatthrewmatterinalldirection.Forseveralbillionsyearsafterthe“BigBang”，earthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobeewascertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsbeforewhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthbecamesoviolentlythatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldbelastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereontimetoproducecarbon，nitrogen，watervaporandothergases，thatweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.答案Accordingtoaeq\f(wide,widely)acceptedtheory，theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang”thatthrewmatterinalleq\f(direction,directions).Forseveraleq\f(billions,billion)yearsafterthe“BigBang”，earthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobeewaseq\f(certain,uncertain)untilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearseq\f(before,ago)whenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthbecamesoeq\f(violently,violent)thatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldeq\a\vs4\al(be)lastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereeq\f(on,in)timetoproducecarbon，nitrogen，watervaporandothergases，eq\f(that,which)weretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Ⅲ.单元要点微写作假设你是李华，对探月感兴趣，现在写一篇英语短文，设想如何在假期到月球旅行。1.去月球旅行的问题：如何吃饭、喝水；2.月球现状：月球没有重力，食物会飘移；3.解决办法：带食物的方法：放在试管中，吸食；4.去月球旅行的期望。注意：1.请根据以上要点写一篇60词左右的短文。2.尽量使用本单元的知识点。3.可适当增加细节。【参考范文】IfIvisitedthemoon，therewouldbeaproblemImightbefacedwith：howtoeatanddrink.Thegravityofthemoonissoweakthatthefoodwillfloataround.Iwouldhavetotakeallmyfoodwithme.SoitcouldbeputinatubeandthenIwouldbeabletosuckitmoreeasily.PerhapsIwoulduseastrawtodoit.Itcanpreventthefoodfromfloatingaway.Onlyinthiswaycantheproblembesolved.Iwillhaveatryintime.Ⅰ.阅读理解Electricityfromrenewablesourcesincludingsolar，windandotherswillreplacecoalasthelargestsourceofelectricityshortlyafter2030.That’sthankstobothfutureglobalinvestmentincleanenergypowerfactoriesandadeclineincoalpoweruseindevelopednationsliketheU.S.andinEurope.By2040，therewillbe13%moreenergyproducedbycleanpowerthanbycoalfactories.Cleanenergyalreadycontributedtoalmosthalfoftheworld’snewpowergenerationcapacity(发电容量)addedlastyear.China’sgrowingserviceeconomyisactuallyabigdealforenergy.China，theworld’sfactory，hasbeenworkingtobuildmoreindustriesaroundservicesinsteadofitshistoricfocusonheavyindustry.Asaresult，thecountry’senergyintensity—energyconsumption(消耗)perunitofeconomicoutput—hasbeendecliningovertheyearsandthatishavingamajoreffectonglobalenergyuse.Chinahasbeenabletoreducetheamountofenergyitconsumesperunitoffutureeconomicgrowthby85%overthelasttwodecades.Economicgrowthgraduallybreakstheconnectionwithcarbonemissions(排放物).Foryears，economicdevelopmenthasbeentiedtoenergyuse.Generally,countriesthatusealotofenergyhaveastrongereconomy.Butwiththeriseofcleanenergytechnologies，ahandfulofsmallEuropeancountrieshavebeenabletolowertheircarbonemissionswithoutdampeningtheireconomicgrowth.Norway，Denmark，Finland，IcelandandSwedenhaveledthistrend.ButnowtheInternationalEnergyAgencyhasfoundthatglobalcarbonemissionsremainedflatordeclinedeversoslightlyin2014,whiletheworld’seconomyactuallygrewatagoodpace.Thatislikelytobeabnormalandwon’tberepeatedinthenearfuture.Butthedatasuggeststhatthepoorconnectionbetweencarbonemissionsandeconomicgrowthisstartingtohappenonabroaderrangeoutsideofthosesmall，wealthyearly－adopternations.【语篇导读】本文为说明文。2030年后，清洁能源将会主导电力供应。1.Cleanenergy________.A.growsataslowpaceB.willmeetagreatchallengeC.willbeethemainenergysourceD.leadstoheavilyinvestingincoalpoweruse答案C[推理判断题。由第一段的第一句和最后两句可推知，清洁能源将会成为主要的发电来源。]2.WhatcanweknowfromPara.2?A.Chinaisturningtoserviceeconomy.B.Chinawillworktobetheworld’sfactory.C.China’senergyconsumptionisincreasinggradually.D.China’seconomicgrowthaffectstheglobaleconomy.答案A[推理判断题。由第二段的第二句可知，一向被誉为“世界工厂”的中国正在逐渐摆脱对重工业的依赖，转而围绕服务业发展更多的产业，由此可推知，中国正在转向服务经济。]3.Theunderlinedword“dampening”inPara.3isclosestinmeaningto“________”A.increasing B.blockingC.forcing D.demanding答案B[词义猜测题。由画线词所在语境可知，经济增长逐渐与碳排放脱钩，随着清洁能源技术的兴起，少数欧洲国家已经可以在不影响(blocking)经济增长的情况下降低其碳排放量。]4.Thetextsuggeststhat________.A.theworld’seconomywillslowdownB.globalcarbonemissionswillincreaseC.FinlandisinurgentneedofstrongereconomicgrowthD.economicgrowthwilldependlessonenergyconsumption答案D[推理判断题。由最后一段可知，碳排放减少而经济保持增长的情况将会在更大范围内发生，由此可推知，经济增长对能源消耗的依赖性将降低。]Ⅱ.七选五Howlongcanhumanbeingslive？__1__However，110yearsisprobablythelongestthatanyonecouldhopetolive—ifheorsheisextremelyhealthyandlucky.Somescientistsevensaywecanliveaslongas130years！__2__Theywearout，andasaresult，wegetoldandeventuallydie.Eventhoughwecan’tliveforever，wearelivingalongerlifethaneverbefore.In1900，theaverageAmericanlife－spanwasonly47years，buttodayitis75years!__3__Sixty－fivemaybeout－of－dateasthedividinglinebetweenmiddleageandoldage.Afterall，manyolderpeopledon’tbegintoexperiencephysicalandmentaldeclineuntilafterage75.Peoplearelivinglongerbecausemorepeoplesurvivechildhood.__4__Nowthatthechancesofdyingyoungaremuchlower，thechancesoflivinglongaremuchhigherduetobetterdietsandhealthcare.__5__Thechangesinourpopulationwillhavelastingeffectsonoursocialdevelopmentandourwayoflife.Somepeoplefearsuchchangeswillbefortheworse，whilesomeseechances，notdisaster.Manymenandwomenintheir“goldenyears”arehealthy，stillactive，andyounginmindifnotinage.Withlonglivesaheadofoldercitizens，theyneedtostayactiveanddevoted.A.Whendoesoldagebeginthen?B.Onthewhole，ourpopulationisgettingolder.C.Asthesocietygrowsold，weneedthecontributionsofouroldercitizens.D.Yet，thecellsinthehumanbodysimplycannotcontinuetoreproduceendlessly.E.Arecentresearchshowsthatcancercellscanmultiplythemselveslikecrazyatalltimes.F.Mostscientistsstudyingoldagethinkthehumanbodyisdesignedtolivenolongerthan120years.G.Beforemodernmedicinechangedthelawsofnature，manychildrendiedofmonchildhooddiseases.【语篇导读】本文是议论文，讨论了人类寿命增加这个话题。1.F[根据上文的句子“Howlongcanhumanbeingslive？”问人类能活多久？下文是回答这个问题，F项内容符合语境。故选F。]2.D[根据下文的句子“Theywearout，andasaresult，wegetoldandeventuallydie.”可知，这里是：人的细胞不可能无止境地复制。故选D。]3.A[根据下文的句子“Sixty－fivemaybeout－of－dateasthedividinglinebetweenmiddleageandoldage.”可知，上文是问：人的老年是什么时候开始的？故选A。]4.G[根据上文的句子“Peoplearelivinglongerbecausemorepeoplesurvivechildhood.”可知这里提到很多人活过了童年，下文是介绍以前很多儿童死于常见的儿童疾病。故选G。]5.B[根据下文的句子“Thechangesinourpopulationwillhavelastingeffectsonoursocialdevelopmentandourwayoflife.”可知，这里的人口的改变是：人口老龄化。故选B。]Ⅲ.完形填空PeterWigginsgrewupinapoorfamily.Heworkeddiligentlyathis__1__jobasteachingassistantinaprivatekindergartenandputinthreemorehoursatnightasapart－timecashierata__2__.BythetimePeterwalkedhomewithslowandheavystepseveryday，itwasoftencloseto__3__.Peterworkedveryhardinorderto__4__hisagedparentswhohadretiredasrestroomcleanerswith__5__savingsleftafterputtingPeterandhissisterthroughschool.Peterwastheonly__6__，forhissister，Beth，wasofteninpoorhealth.Oneday，asPeterwaswalkinghomefromACESupermarketwherehe__7__，hestumbled(绊脚)uponasmallbrownpacketonthepavement.Thepackagewasslightly__8__sohepickedituptoexamineitmoreclosely.Tohis__9__，itcontainedfifty－dollarbills.Peterknewitwasnothistokeepandthatthe__10__mighturgentlyneedthemoney.Without__11__，PeterwalkedquicklytothenearestpolicestationandhandeditovertoMr.Robertswhowasthepoliceofficer__12__forthatnight.Surprisedtoseesomeonehandinsuchalargeamountofcash__13__，thepoliceofficersaidthatPeterwasindeedarolemodelotherscould__14__.“It’snothingreally...Iwasdoingwhat__15__wouldhavedone，”Peter’sfaceturnedredastheofficercontinuedtoaskforhisnameandcontactnumbersothattheownercould__16__thankhim.Thenextday，Peterreceiveda__17__.TheownerofthelostmoneywasnoneotherthanPeter’s__18__attheACESupermarket!HehadfoundoutPeterfromRobertsandhaddecidedto__19__Petertothepositionofmanagerwithahandsomeincreaseinsalary