21级四级英语进阶学习通超星期末考试答案章节答案2024年

21级四级英语进阶学习通超星期末考试章节答案2024年题目要求：为句子匹配正确的单词，每个单词只能用一次；在答案处填写单词所对应的大写字母。A.liberal

B.compute

C.loan

E.effective

D.risks1.Wehopethegovernmentwilltake_____measurestoreducepollution.2.Asuccessfulleaderis_____inhisattitudetocandidadvicethatmaybeunpleasanttotheear.3.Theusual_____ofthedesertare:rattlesnakes,heat,andlackofwater.4.Now,itiscommonforyoungcouplestoapplyfora_____tobuyhouses.5.We_____thattheprojectwouldtake5yearstocomplete.A.register

B.yield

C.clue

D.patience

E.amazed6.Foreignvisitorsmust

_____withthestateofficialsuponenteringthecountry.

7.Afingerprintisanimportant

_____totheidentityofthemurderer.

8.Weareall

_____atthemightypowerofthenature.

9.Ihaveno_____withpeoplewhoaretooslow.

10.Theyarenotthekindofpeopleto

_____todifficulties.

答案:E;A;D;C;B;A;C;E;D;(10)B题目要求：根据首字母,词性和词义,在填空处填写完整的单词；如“a_______

n.苹果；答案：apple”1.t_____

adj.典型的，有代表性的2.l_____

adj.可能的，有希望的3.i_____

adj.

冷漠的，不关心的，不积极的4.e_____

adj.优越的，例外的，独特的5.p_____

vt.继续，从事，追赶，追求6.t_____

adj.极秒的，极大的7.d_____

n.数据8.i_____

adj.不可避免的9.s_____

adj.特定的，明确的，具体的10.e_____

adj.必不可少的，非常重要的，本质的

答案:typical;likely;indifferent;exceptional;pursue;terrific;data;inevitable;specific;(10)essential题目要求：为句子匹配正确的单词，每个单词只能用一次；在答案处填写单词所对应的大写字母。A.stresses

B.intervene

C.valid

D.disposal

E.reckon

1.Shefailedtowithstandthe____andstrainsofpubliclife.2.Inmanycountries,adrivinglicenseisa____proofofidentity.3.Whatdoyou____ourchancesareofarrivingontime?4.Johnsonhadaconsiderableamountofcashathis_______.5.Thesuperpowercountrylikesto______intheinternalaffairsofothercountries.A.utilize

B.scheme

C.vacant

D.commitments

E.arise

6.Iamlookingforajob.Arethereanypositions______inyourcompany?7.Wearecarryingoutour_____forexpandingbusinessoverseas.8.Manypeopledon’twanttogetmarriedbecausetheyareafraidof_____.9.Accidentsusually_____fromcarelessness.10.TheRomanswerethefirstto____concreteasabuildingmaterial.

答案:A;C;E;D;B;C;B;D;E;(10)A题目要求：根据首字母,词性和词义,在填空处填写完整的单词；如“a_______

n.苹果；答案：apple”a_______

n.协会，联盟，社团，联合，结合，交往2.a_______

n.靠近，接近，方法，途径

v.靠近，接近3.p_______

n.财产，资产，所有物，房产，地产，性能，特性4.n_______

n.观点，概念，意图，想法5.n_______

v.洽谈，协商，顺利通过，成功越过6.d_______

v.使泄气，使灰心，阻止，劝阻7.o_______

vt.（感情上）使受不了，使不知所措，征服，制服8.r_______

v.回答，回复，做出反应，反响9.f_______

adj.易弯曲的，柔韧的，灵活的，可变通的10.p_______

n.特权，优惠

答案:association;approach;property;notion;negotiate;discourage;overwhelm;respond;flexible;(10)privilege题目要求：为句子匹配正确的单词，每个单词只能用一次；在答案处填写单词所对应的大写字母。A.considering

B.exert

C.sponsors

D.diplomatic

E.lest1.Ingeneral,good_______relationswillbehelpfulforthedevelopmentofinternationaltrade.

2.Forcollegestudents,todoapart-timejobwill_______aprofoundinfluenceontheirpersonalityandlife.

3.ThepresidencycampaignintheUnitedStatesneedslotsof______.

4.Wespokeinwhispers_____we(should)beheard.5.Youdidquitewellinyourexams,________howlittleyoustudied.A.exposed

B.elementary

C.infinite

D.clarified

E.prolong

6.Thequestionswereso_____thatheeasilypassedthetest.7.Hisbooks______peopletonewideas.8.TheCongressagreedto_______theMFN(mostfavorednation)treatmenttoVietnambyoneyear.9.Thegovernmenthastimeandagain_______itspositiononequalpayforwomen.10.Indulgingincomputergamesalldaymaydo________harmtostudents.

答案:D;B;C;E;A;B;A;E;D;(10)C题目要求：为句子匹配正确的单词，每个单词只能用一次；在答案处填写单词所对应的大写字母。A.poll

B.secure

C.tough

D.persuasion

E.orient

1.Apublic-opinion____showsthatmostpeopleinTaiwanareinfavorofthe”onecountry,twosystems”policy.2.Ittookquitealongtimeforafreshmanto______himself.3.Parentsareencouragedtorelyon_______ratherthanpunishment.4.Anonlychildmayhavea_____timeleavinghomewithoutthesupportofbrothersandsisters.5.Ourmissilesandbombers_____usfromattack.A.breakthrough

B.equivalent

C.condemned

D.collective

E.disguised

6.Yourbehavioris______tocheating.7.Therewasanexcitingnew_____inthetreatmentofheartdisease.8.Mulan_______herselfasamanandbecameasoldier.9.________effortandcooperationareextremelyimportantinwinningaballgame.10.Addingeroticcontentsinchildren’swebsitesshouldbeseriously______.

答案:A;E;D;C;B;B;A;E;D;(10)C题目要求：根据首字母,词性和词义,在填空处填写完整的单词；如“a_______

n.苹果；答案：apple”1.w_______

n.福利2.m_______

adj.谦虚的，谦逊的，适中的，适度的3.a_______

adj.每年的，年度的

n.年报，年刊4.v_______

adj.生死攸关的，极其重要的，有生命的，充满生机的5.g_______

vt.生成，产生，引起，导致6.r_______

vt.使。。。轻松，宽慰，缓解7.e_______

vt.吸引，占用；使从事，忙于；雇，聘；使订婚8.o_______

n.时刻，时候，场合；重大活动，盛会；时机，机会；起因，理由；vt.引起9.e_______

adj.广大的，广阔的；广泛的，大量的10.f_______

adj.财政的，金融的

答案:welfare;modest;annual;vital;generate;relieve;engage;occasion;extensive;(10)

financial题目要求：为句子匹配正确的单词，每个单词只能用一次；在答案处填写单词所对应的大写字母。A.compensation

B.fascinated

C.substantial

D.deceive

E.objective1.Theinjuredmanwasgranted$10,000in_____.2.Ifyourpriceisreasonable,wewillplaceanorderwith____amountonthisitemrightnow.3.Ifwecouldhave____judgmentonothers,therewouldbelessmisunderstandingamongpeople.4.Itisauniversalsocialproblemthatmanyteenagersare_____withcomputergames.5.Sincerityisthebaseoffriendship.Goodfriendsshouldn't_____oneanother.A.substantial

B.compensation

C.deceive

D.fascinated

E.objective6.Sincerityisthebaseoffriendship.Goodfriendsshouldn't_____oneanother.7.Ifyourpriceisreasonable,wewillplaceanorderwith____amountonthisitemrightnow.8.Ifwecouldhave____judgmentonothers,therewouldbelessmisunderstandingamongpeople.9.Theinjuredmanwasgranted$10,000in_____.10.Itisauniversalsocialproblemthatmanyteenagersare_____withcomputergames.

答案:A;C;E;B;D;C;A;E;B;(10)D题目要求：根据首字母,词性和词义,在填空处填写完整的单词；如“a_______

n.苹果；答案：apple”1.e________

n.暴露，显露2.s________

adv.特别地，明确地，具体地3.a________

adj.

习惯于，适应了的，通常的4.u________

v.经历，遭受5.a________

v.拥护，提倡，主张6.c________

n.社区，社会，团体，界7.a________

v.分配8.p________

n.个人自由，隐私9.v________

n.志愿者，v.自愿做，自愿提供10.t________

v.兴旺，繁荣

答案:exposure;specifically;accustomed;undergo;advocate;community;assign;privacy;volunteer;(10)thrive题目要求：为句子匹配正确的单词，每个单词只能用一次；在答案处填写单词所对应的大写字母。A.attributed

B.nourish

C.arguments

D.aid

E.constant1.Nomatterhowbadthingsare,weshouldalways______ahopeinourmind.2.Pleasewritedownthetermsofthecontractinblackandwhitetoavoidany______betweenthetwoparties.3.Manypeople’ssuccesscanbe______tohardworkandabitofluck.4.InSouthChina,the______

raininspringisdisgusting.5.Thepoorfamilyhaslivedongovernment______fortwoyears.

A.exhausted

B.process

C.encounter

D.obligation

E.dominated6.Theteamhas______internationalfootballforyears.7.Supportingelderlyparentsiseveryadult’s______.8.Weareall______afteralongcycleride.Whatanexhaustingday!9.I’mpreparedto______dangersinthecourseofthisexpedition10.Buildingacarisalong______.

答案:B;C;A;E;D;E;D;A;C;(10)B题目要求：根据首字母,词性和词义,在填空处填写完整的单词；如“a_______

n.苹果；答案：apple”1.s________

n.专家2.i________

adj.立刻的，即刻的，紧急的，紧迫的，方便的；n.瞬间3.s________

adj.相当数量的，重要的，意义重大的4.w________

adj.分布(或散布)普遍的5.c________

n.思想,观念,概念,设想，构想6.d________

n.差别,不同,区分,辨别,优秀，杰出（不是difference）7.p________

adj.永久的，固定的8.e________

adj.表现强烈感情的，令人动情的，易动感情的，情绪激动的9.d________

v.剥夺，使丧失10.p________

adv.几乎，简直，实际上

答案:specialist;instant;significant;widespread;conception;distinction;permanent;emotional;deprive;(10)

practically题目要求：为句子匹配正确的单词，每个单词只能用一次；在答案处填写单词所对应的大写字母。A.quit

B.contributes

C.efficient

D.regulations

E.overtaken1.It'snoteasyto____smokinganddrinking.2.____managementisoneofthefactorswhichwilllowerproductioncost.3.Plentyoffreshair____togoodhealth.4.AfteronlytwoyearsintheAmericanmarket,ourUSsaleshavenow____oursalesinEurope.5.Itisagainsttraffic____toovertakeothervehicleswithoutsignaling.

A.reveal

B.distinguish

C.strive

D.consume

E.transformed6.Theworldisbeing____byinformationtechnology.7.Shouldadoctor____toacancerpatienthiscondition?8.Peoplewho____largeamountsofanimalfatsaremorelikelytogetcancerandheartdisease.9.Acommonpersonusuallycan’t____agenuineantiquefromafakeone.10.Modernmenhaveto____with/againstvarioustemptations.

答案:A;C;B;E;D;E;A;D;B;(10)C题目要求：根据首字母,词性和词义,在填空处填写完整的单词；如“a_______

n.苹果；答案：apple”1.a______

adj.两者择一的,供选择的,供替代的,另类的。n.取舍，抉择，供选择的东西，选择的余地，自由2.d______

v.给。。。下定义，解释，限定，规定3.o______

v.起源于，来自，产生，创造，创始，开创4.l______

v.发起，发出，推出（产品）；使开始从事，发射5.c______

vt.强迫，迫使6.e______

adj.经济的，节约的7.p______

v.促使，推动,提示adj.敏捷的,及时的,迅速的8.o______

adj.偶尔的,间或发生的9.i______

adj.给人印象深刻的10.e______

n.过量,过度,无节制于,超越,超过adj.过量的,额外的,附加的

答案:alternative;define;originate;launch;compel;economical;prompt;occasional;impressive;(10)excess题目要求：为句子匹配正确的单词，每个单词只能用一次；在答案处填写单词所对应的大写字母。A.resigned

B.justify

C.restrict

D.underlying

E.reliable1.Thepursuitofgoodendsdoesnot________theemploymentofbadmeans.2.By1900,somecitieshadbegunto________theuseofautomobilesinordertoensurepedestriansafety.3.It’stheeconomist’smissiontotrytofindoutthe________causesofthedepression.4.Communicationssatellitesaremore________intransmittinginformationthanordinaryshortwaveradios.5.I________becauseofthelowsalary.

A.dynamic

B.tolerate

C.accommodate

D.bypass

E.deserve6.Wehavemadeeveryeffortto________yourpointofview.7.Ifwebypas________thetownwe’llmisstherushhourtraffic.8.Ifyouareyoung,attractiveand________,youdon’tneedtoworryaboutfindingadate.9.Ifyoudowrong,youdeservepunishment/you________tobepunished.10.Theschoolcannot________studentscheatingontheirexams.

答案:B;C;D;E;A;C;D;A;E;(10)B题目要求：根据首字母,词性和词义,在填空处填写完整的单词；如“a_______

n.苹果；答案：apple”1.a________

vt.使惊讶2.d________

vt.论证,证明,说明,演示,显示,表露vi.举行示威,游行,或集会3.c________

n.创造,创建,创造的作品4.r________

adj.遥远的,偏僻的,关系疏远的,脱离的,绝少的,微乎其微的,孤高的5.c________

n.考虑,要考虑的事,体贴,关心6.v________

n.想象(力),幻想,幻觉,视力,视觉7.t________

vt.搬,转移,调动,转学,转让,过户vi.迁移,转移,调动,转学,转车,换乘8.m________

adj.仅仅的,只不过的,纯粹的9.v________

adj.易变的,多变的,可变的n.可变因素,变量10.i________

vi.口译,翻译vt.解释,说明

答案:astonish;demonstrate;creation;remote;consideration;vision;transfer;mere;variable;(10)interpret注：36题-45题依次对应第1空-第10空；在填空处填入对应段落的大字字母；Doctor'sorders:Letchildrenjustplay

A)Imagineadrugthatcouldenhanceachild'screativityandcriticalthinking.Imaginethatthisdrugweresimpletomake,safetotake,andcouldbehadforfree.Thenation'sleadingpediatricians(儿科医生)saythismiraclecompoundexists.Inanewclinicalreport，theyareurgingdoctorstoprescribeitliberallytothechildrenintheircare.

B)“Thismayseemold-fashioned,butthereareskillstobelearnedwhenkidsaren'ttoldwhattodo,”saidDr.MichaelYogman,aHarvardMedicalSchoolpediatricianwholedthedraftingofthecalltoarms.Whetherit'sroughphysicalplay,outdoorplayorpretendplay.kidsderiveimportantlessonsfromthechancetomakethingsupastheygo,hesaid.

C)Theadvice,issuedMondaybytheAmericanAcademyofPediatrics,maycomeasashocktosomeparents.Afterspendingyearsfretting(烦恼)overwhichtoystobuy，whichappstodownloadandwhichskill-buildingprogramstosendtheirkidstoafterschool,lettingthemsimplyplay—orbetteryet,playingwiththem—couldseemlikeastepbackward.Thepediatriciansinsistthatit'snot.Theacademy'sguidancedoesnotincludespecificrecommendationsforthedosingofplay.Instead,itasksdoctorstoadviseparentsbeforetheirbabiesturntwothatplayisessentialtohealthydevelopment.

D)“Playisnotsillybehavior,”theacademy'sreportdeclares.Itfosterschildren'eration,andproblem-solvingskills-allofwhicharecriticalfora21st-centuryworkforce.Whenparentsengageinplaywiththeirchildren,itbuildsawallagainsttheharmfuleffectsofallkindsofstress,includingpoverty,theacademysays.Inthepediatricians'view,essentiallyeverylifeskillthat'svaluedinadultscanbebuiltupwithplay.“Collaboration,negotiation,decision-making,creativity,leadership,andincreasedphysicalactivityarejustsomeoftheskillsandbenefitschildrengainthroughplay,”theywrote.Thepediatricians'appealcomesaskidsarebeingsqueezedbyincreasingacademicdemandsatschoolandtheconstantinvasionofdigitalmedia.

E)Thetrendshavebeenalongtimecoming.Between1981and1997,detailedtime-usestudiesshowedthatthetimechildrenspentatplaydeclinedby25percent.Sincetheadoptionofsweepingeducationreformsin2001,publicschoolshavesteadilyincreasedtheamountoftimedevotedtopreparingforstandardizedtests.Thefocusonacademic“skillsanddrillshascutdeeplyintorecess(课间休息)andothertimeforfreeplay.

F)By2009,astudyofLosAngeleskindergartenclassroomsfoundthatfive-year-oldsweresoburdenedwithacademicrequirementsthattheyweredowntoanaverageofjust19minutesperdayof“choicetime,”whentheywerepermittedtoplayfreelywithblocks,toysorotherchildren.OneinfourLosAngelesteachersreportedtherewasnotimeatallfor“freeplay.”Increasedacademicpressureshaveleft30percentofU.S.kindergartenclasseswithoutanyrecess.SuchfindingspromptedtheAmericanAcademyofPediatricstoissueapolicystatementin2013onthe“crucialroleofrecessinschool.”

G)Pediatriciansaren'ttheonlyoneswhohavenoticed.Inareporttitled“CrisisintheKindergarten,”agroupofeducators,healthprofessionalsandchildadvocatescalledthelossofplayinearly

childhood“atragedy,bothforthechildrenthemselvesandforournationandtheworld,”Kidsinplay-basedkindergartens“endupequallygoodorbetteratreadingandotherintellectualskills,andtheyaremorelikelytobecomewell-adjustedhealthypeople,”theAllianceforChildhoodsaidin2009.Indeed,newresearchdemonstrateswhyplayingwithblocksmighthavebeentimebetterspent,Yogmansaid.Thetrialassessedtheeffectivenessofanearlymathematicsintervention(干预)aimedatpreschoolers.Theresultsshowedalmostnogainsinmathachievement.

H)Anotherplaytimethief:thegrowingproportionofkids'timespentinfrontofscreensanddigitaldevices,evenamongpreschoolers.Lastyear,CommonSenseMediareportedthatchildrenupthroughageeightspentanaverageoftwohoursand19minutesinfrontofscreenseachday,includinganaverageof42minutesadayforthoseundertwo.Thisincreaseofdigitalusecomeswithrisingrisksofobesity，sleepdeprivationandcognitive(认知的)，languageandsocialemotionaldelays,theAmericanAcademyofPediatricswarnedin2016.

I)“Irespectthatparentshavebusylivesandit'seasytohandachildaniPhone,”Yogmansaid.“Butthere'sacosttothat.Foryoungchildren,it'smuchtoopassive.Andkidsreallylearnbetterwhenthey'reactivelyengagedandhavetoreallydiscoverthings.”

J)Thedeclineofplayisaspecialhazardfortheroughly1in5childrenintheUnitedStateswholiveinpoverty.These14millionchildrenmosturgentlyneedtodeveloptheresilience(韧劲)thatiscultivatedwithplay.Instead,Yogmansaid，theyaredisproportionatelyaffectedbysomeofthetrendsthataremakingplayscarce:academicpressuresatschoolsthatneedtoimprovetestscores,outsideplayareasthatarelimitedorunsafe,andparentswholackthetimeorenergytoshareinplaytime.

K)Yogmanalsoworriesaboutthepressuresthatsqueezeplaytimeformoreaffluentkids.“Thenotionthatasparentsweneedtoscheduleeveryminuteoftheirtimeisnotdoingthemagreatservice,”hesaid.Evenwell-meaningparentsmaybe“robbingthemoftheopportunitytohavethatjoyofdiscoveryandcuriosity—theopportunitytofindthingsoutontheirown.”

L)Playmaynotbeahardselltokids.ButUCLApediatricianCarlosLerneracknowledgedthatthepediatricians'newprescriptionmaymeetwithskepticism(怀疑)fromparents，whoareanxiousforadviceonhowtogivetheirkidsalegupintheworld.Theyshouldwelcomethesimplicityofthemessage,Lernersaid.“It'sliberatingtobeabletoofferthemthisadvice:thatyouspendingtimewithyourchildandlettinghimplayisoneofthemostvaluablethingsyoucando,”hesaid,“Itdoesn'thavetoinvolvespendingalotofmoneyortime,orjoiningaparentinggroup.It'ssomethingwecanofferthat'sachievable.Theyjustdon'trecognizeitrightnowasparticularlyvaluable.”

36.Increaseduseofdigitaldevicesstealsawaychildren'splaytime.

37.Sincethebeginningofthiscentury,anincreasingamountoftimehasbeenshiftedinpublicschoolsfromrecesstoacademicactivities.

38.Ithasbeenacknowledgedthatwhilekidsmaywelcomepediatricians'recommendation,theirparentsmaydoubtitsfeasibility.

39.Accordingtosomeprofessionals,deprivationofyoungchildren'splaytimewilldoharmnotonlytochildrenthemselvesbuttothecountryandtheworld.

40.Byplayingwithchildren,parentscanpreventthemfrombeingharmedbystress.

41.Playingwithdigitaldevicesdiscourageskidsfromactivediscovery,accordingtopediatricianDr.MichaelYogman.

42.Thesuggestionoflettingchildrensimplyplaymaysoundlikegoingbackwardstoparentswhowanttohelpbuildtheirchildren'sskills.

43.Dr.MichaelYogmanbelievestheideathatparentsshouldcarefullyschedulechildren'stimemaynotbehelpfultotheirgrowth.

44.OnequarterofteachersinanAmericancitysaidthatchildreninkindergartenshadnotimeforplayingfreely.

45.Accordingtoapediatrician,nomatterwhatkindofplaychildrenengagein,theyarelearninghowtocreatethings.

答案:H;E;L;G;D;I;C;K;F;(10)B注：36题-45题依次对应第1空-第10空；在填空处填入对应段落的大字字母；

ThePlaceWherethePoorOnceThrived

A)Thisisthelandofopportunity.Ifthatweren'talreadyimpliedbythelandscape—rollinggreenhills,palmtrees,sun-kissedflowers—thenit'sevidentinthemanystoriesofpeoplewhogrewuppoorinthesesleepyneighborhoodsandrosetoenormoussuccess.PeoplelikeTriTran.whofledVietnamonaboatin1986,showedupinSanJosewithnothing,madeittoMIT,andthenfoundedthefood-deliverystart-upMunchery,whichisvaluedat$300million.

B)Indeed,datasuggeststhatthisisoneofthebestplacestogrowuppoorinAmerica.Achildbornintheearly1980sintoalow-incomefamilyinSanJosehada12.9percentchanceofbecomingahighearnerasanadult,accordingtoalandmarkstudyreleasedin2014bytheeconomistRajChettyandhiscolleaguesfromHarvardandBerkeley.Thatnumber—12.9percent—maynotseemremarkable,butitwas:KidsinSanJosewhosefamiliesfellinthebottomquintile(五分位数)ofincomenationallyhadthebestshotinthecountryatreachingthetopquintile.

C)Bycontrast,just4.4percentofpoorkidsinCharlottemoveduptothetop;inDetroitthefigurewas5.5percent.SanJosehadsocialmobilitycomparabletoDenmark'sandCanada'sandhigherthanotherprogressivecitiessuchasBostonandMinneapolis.

D)ThereasonskidsinSanJoseperformedsowellmightseemobvious.Someoftheworld'smostinnovativecompaniesarelocatedhere,providingopportunitiessuchastheoneseizedbya12-year-oldMountainViewresidentnamedSteveJobswhenhecalledWilliamHewlettoaskforsparepartsandsubsequentlyreceivedasummerjob.Thisisacityofimmigrants—38percentofthecity'spopulationtodayisforeign-born—andimmigrantsandtheirchildrenhavehistoricallyexperiencedsignificantupwardmobilityinAmerica.Thecityhaslonghadalargeforeign-bornpopulation(26.5percentin1990),leadingtobroaderdiversity,which,theHarvardandBerkeleyeconomistssay,isagoodpredictorofmobility.

E)Indeed,thestreetsofSanJoseseem,insomeways,toembodythebestofAmerica.It'spossibletodriveinamatterofminutesfromsleek(光亮的)officetowersneartheairportwherepeoplepitchideastoinvestors,tosingle-familyhomeswithorangetreesintheiryards,ortoaVietnamesemall.Thelibrarieshereofferprogramsin17languages,andthereareareasfilledwithsmallbusinessesownedbyVietnameseimmigrants,Mexicanimmigrants,Koreanimmigrants,andFilipinoimmigrants,tonameafew.

F)Butresearchersaren'tsureexactlywhypoorkidsinSanJosedidsowell.Thecityhasalowprevalenceofchildrengrowingupinsingle-parentfamilies,andalowlevelofconcentratedpoverty,bothfactorsthatusuallymeanacityallowsforgoodintergenerationalmobility.ButSanJosealsoperformspoorlyonsomeofthemeasurescorrelatedwithgoodmobility.Itisoneofthemostunequalplacesoutofthe741thattheresearchersmeasured,andithashighdegreesofracialandeconomicsegregation(隔离).Itsschoolsunderperformbasedonhowmuchmoneythereisinthearea,saidBenScuderi,apredoctoralfellowattheEqualityofOpportunityProjectatHarvard,whichusesbigdatatostudyhowtoimproveeconomicopportunitiesforlow-incomechildren.“There'salotgoingonherewhichwedon'ttotallyunderstand,”hesaid.“It'sinteresting,becauseitkindofdefiesourexpectations.”

G)TheChettydatashowsthatneighborhoodsandplacesmatteredforchildrenbornintheSanJoseareaofthe1980s.Whetherthecitystillallowsforupwardmobilityofpoorkidstoday,though,isupfordebate.Someoftheindicatorssuchasincomeinequality,measuredbytheEqualityofOpportunityProjectfortheyear2000,haveonlyworsenedinthepast16years.

H)SomeSanJoseresidentssaythatasinequalityhasgrowninrecentyears,upwardmobilityhasbecomemuchmoredifficulttoachieve.AsSiliconValleyhasbecomehometomoresuccessfulcompanies,thefloodofpeopletotheareahascausedhousingpricestoskyrocket.Bymostmeasures,SanJoseisnolongeraplacewherelow-income,orevenmiddle-incomefamilies,canaffordtolive.RentsinSanJosegrew42.6percentbetween2006and2014,whichwasthelargestincreaseinthecountryduringthattimeperiod.Thecityhasagrowinghomelessnessproblem,whichittriedtoaddressbyshuttingdown“TheJungle，”oneofthelargesthomelessencampments(临时住地)inthenation，in2014.Inequalityisextreme.TheHumanDevelopmentIndex-ameasureoflifeexpectancy,educationandpercapita(人均的)income—givesEastSanJoseascoreof4.85outof10，whilenearbyCupertino,whereApple'sheadquarterssits,receivesa9.26.SanJoseusedtohaveahappymixoffactors—cheaphousing,closenesstoarapidlydevelopingindustry,tightly-knitimmigrantcommunities—thattogetheropenedupthepossibilityofprosperityforevenitspoorestresidents.Butinrecentyears,housingpriceshaveskyrocketed,theregion'srichandpoorhavesegregated,andmiddle-classjobshavedisappeared.Giventhis,thefuturefortheregion'spoordoesn'tlooknearlyasbrightasitoncedid.

I)LeadersinSanJosearedeterminedtomakesurethatthecityregainsitsstatusasaplacewhereevenpoorkidscanaccesstheresourcestosucceed.WithSiliconValleyinitsbackyard,itcertainlyhasthechancetodoso.“IthinkthereisabroadconsciousnessintheValleythatwecandobetterthantoleavethousandsofourneighborsbehindthroughaperiodofextraordinarysuccess,”SanJoseMayorSamLiccardosaid.

J)Butintoday'sAmerica-alandofrisinginequality，increasingsegregation，andstagnating(不增长的)middle-classwages-cantheSanJoseregionreallyonceagainbecomeaplaceofopportunity?

K)TheideathatthoseatthebottomcanrisetothetopiscentraltoAmerica'sideasaboutitself.ThatsuchmobilityhasbecomemoredifficultinSanJoseraisesquestionsabouttheenduranceofthatfoundationalbelief.Afterall,iftheone-timelandofopportunitycan'tbefixed,whatdoesthatsayfortherestofAmerica?

36.AccordingtosomepeoplelivinginSanJose,ithasbecomemuchharderforthepoortogetaheadduetotheincreasedinequality.

37.InAmericanhistory,immigrantsusedtohaveagoodchancetomoveupwardinsociety.

38.IftheproblemsofSanJosecan'tbesolved,oneofAmerica'sfundamentalbeliefsaboutitselfcanbeshaken.

39.SanJosewasamongthebestcitiesinAmericaforpoorkidstomoveupthesocialladder.

40.WhetherpoorkidsinSanJosetodaystillhavethechancetomoveupwardisquestionable.

41.SanJose'sofficialsareresolvedtogivepoorkidsaccesstotheresourcesnecessaryforsuccessinlife.

42.SanJoseappearstomanifestsomeofthebestfeaturesofAmerica.

43.Asfarassocialmobilityisconcerned,SanJosebeatmanyotherprogressivecitiesinAmerica.

44.DuetosomechangeslikeincreasesinhousingpricesinSanJose,theprospectsforitspoorpeoplehavedimmed.

45.ResearchersdonothaveaclearideawhypoorchildreninSanJoseachievedsuchgreatsuccessseveraldecadesago.

答案:H;D;K;B;G;I;E;C;H;(10)F注：36题-45题依次对应第1空-第10空；在填空处填入对应段落的大字字母；Povertyisastoryaboutus,notthem

A)Toooftenstill,wethinkweknowwhatpovertylookslike.It'sthewaywe'vebeentaught,theimageswe'vebeenforce-fedfordecades.Thechronicallyhomeless.

Theundocumentedimmigrant.Theurbanpoor,usuallypersonifiedasawomanofcolor,the“welfarequeen”politiciansstilltoooftenreference.

B)ButasincomeinequalityrisestorecordlevelsintheUnitedStates,eveninthemidstofarecordeconomicexpansion,thosefamiliarimagesareoutdated,hurtful,andcounterproductivetofocusingattentiononsolutionsandbuildingladdersofopportunity.

C)Today'sfacesofincomeinequalityandlackofopportunitylooklikeallofus.It'sAnnaLandre,adisabledGeorgetownUniversitystudentfightingtokeephealthbenefitsthatallowherthefreedomtoliveherlife.It'sTiffanieStandard,acounselorforyoungwomenofcolorinPhiladelphiawhowanttobetechentrepreneurs—butwhomustworkmultiplejobstostayafloat.It'sKenOutlaw,awelderinruralNorthCarolinawhosedreamofgoingbacktoschoolatalocalcommunitycollegewasdashedbyHurricaneFlorence—justoneoftheextremeweathereventsthathavetippedthebalanceforstrugglingAmericansacrossthenation.

D)Ifthesearethecentralcharactersofourstoryaboutpoverty,whatlayersofperceptions,myths,andrealitiesmustweunearthtofindmeaningfulsolutionsandsupport?Inpursuitofrevealingthiscomplicatedreality,MotheringJustice,ledbywomenofcolor,wentlastyeartothestatecapitalinLansing,Michigan,tolobbyonissuesthataffectworkingmothers.OneoftheMotheringJusticeorganizerswenttotheofficeofastaterepresentativetotalkaboutthelackofaffordablechildcare—thevestiges(痕迹)ofasystemthatexpectedmotherstostayhomewiththeirchildrenwhiletheirhusbandsworked.Alegislativestafferdismissedtheactivist'sconcerns,tellingher“myhusbandtookcareofthat—Istayedhome.”

E)Thatcomment,saysMotheringJusticedirectorDanielleAtkinson,“wasmeanttoshame”andreliedonthefamiliarnotionthatawomanofcolorconcernedaboutincomeinequalityandprogramsthatpromotemobilitymustbydefinitionbeasinglemom,probablywithmultiplekids.Inthiscase,theMotheringJusticeactivisthappenedtobemarried.AndinmostcasesintheAmericaof2019,theimagesthatcometomindwhenwehearthewordspovertyorincomeinequalityfailmiserablyinreflectingacomplicatedreality:povertytouchesvirtuallyallofus.Thefaceofincomeinequality,forallbutaveryfewofus,istheoneweeachseeinthemirror.

F)HowmanyofusarepoorintheU.S.?Itdependsonwhoyouask.AccordingtotheCensusBureau,38millionpeopleintheU.S.arelivingbelowtheofficialpovertythresholds.Takingintoaccounteconomicneedbeyondthatabsolutemeasure,theInstituteforPolicyStudiesfoundthat140millionpeoplearepoororlow-income.That'salmosthalftheU.S.population.

G)Whateverthemeasure,withinthatmassivegroup,povertyisextremelydiverse.Weknowthatsomepeoplearemoreaffectedthanothers,likechildren,theelderly,peoplewithdisabilities,andpeopleofcolor.

H)Butthefactthat4in10Americanscan'tcomeupwith$400inanemergencyisacommonlycitedstatisticforgoodreason:economicinstabilitystretchesacrossrace.gender,andgeography.Itevenreachesintothemiddleclasses,asrealwageshavestagnated(不增长)forallbuttheverywealthyandtemporaryspellsoffinancialinstabilityarenotuncommon.

I)Negativeimagesremainofwhoislivinginpovertyaswellaswhatisneededtomoveoutofit.ThebigAmericanmythisthatyoucanpullyourselfupbyyourowneffortsandchangeabadsituationintoagoodone.Therealityisthatfindingopportunitywithouthelpfromfamilies,friends,schools,andcommunityisvirtuallyimpossible.Andtheplayingfieldisnothingclosetolevel.

J)TheFrameWorksInstitute,aresearchgroupthatfocusesonpublicframingofissues,hasstudiedwhatsustainsstereotypesandnarrativesofpovertyintheUnitedKingdom,“Peoplevieweconomicsuccessandwellbeinginlifeasaproductofchoice,willpower,anddrive,”saysNatKendall-Taylor,CEOofFrameWorks.“Whenweseepeoplewhoarestruggling,”hesays,thoseassumptions“leadustotheperceptionthatpeopleinpovertyarelazy,theydon'tcare,andtheyhaven'tmadetherightdecisions.”

K)Doesthissoundfamiliar?SimilarideassurroundpovertyintheU.S.Andtheseassumptionsgiveafalsepictureofreality,“Whenpeopleenterintothatpatternofthinking,”saysKendallyTaylor,“it'scognitivelycomfortabletomakesenseofissuesofpovertyinthatway.Itcreatesakindofcognitiveblindness—allofthefactorsexternaltoaperson'sdriveandchoicesthatthey'vemadebecomeinvisibleandfadefromview.”

L)Thoseexternalfactorsincludethedifficultiesaccompanyinglow-wageworkorstructuraldiscriminationbasedonrace,gender,orability.Assumptionsgetworsewhenpeoplewhoarepoorusegovernmentbenefitstohelpthemsurvive.Thereisagreattensionbetween“thepoor”andthosewhoarereceivingwhathasbecomeadirtyword:“welfare