2024-2025学年新教材高中英语课时检测四Unit1PeopleofAchievementPeriod4含解析新人教版选择性必修第一册

PAGE四Unit1Period4Ⅰ.阅读理解StephenHawkingknewwhathewantedtodobythetimehewaseightyearsold.HisparentslivedinLondonwherehisfatherwasresearchingmedicine.Hedidnotwanttofollowhisfatherashisparentshoped.MathematicswasnotavailableatUniversityButwhenhewas21,hewastoldthathehadALS—anincurablenervedisease,whichaffectswalking,speaking,breathing,swallowing,andmanyotherthings.Thedoctorspredictedthathehadonlyafewyearstolive.“Thedoctor’sgrim(残忍的)prognosis(预料)mademedeterminetogetthemostfromlifeIhadpreviouslytakenforgrantedandlifewasnolongerboringforme,”Hawkingsaid,speakingfromhiswheelchairthroughacomputerizedvoicesynthesizer.In1988,StephenHawkingpublishedabookcalledABriefHistoryofTime:FromtheBigBangtoBlackHoles.ThebooktriestoexplainmanyofHawking’sphysicalandmathematicalideasandcalculationswithoutusingmaths.Thebookbecameabest-seller.HislaterbookswereBlackHolesandBabyUniversesandOtherEssaysandmostrecentlyin2001,TheUniverseinaNutshell.Ofthethree,thefirstonewasmadeintoafilmin1991.Hawkingsays,“Youhavetobepositiveifyou’retogetmuchsympathyorhelp.Nowadays,musclepowerisoutofdate.Whatweneedismindpower—anddisabledpeopleareasgoodatthatasanyoneelse.”【语篇概述】本文主要介绍了闻名的物理学家霍金对探讨领域的选择,何时患病,患病后的看法以及所取得的成就等。1.WhatcareerdidHawking’sparentswanthimtostudyintheuniversity?A.Physics. B.Geography.C.Medicine. D.Mathematics.【解析】选C。细微环节理解题。依据第一段的二、三句“HisparentslivedinLondonwherehisfatherwasresearchingmedicine.Hedidnotwanttofollowhisfatherashisparentshoped.”可知,故选C。2.WhichbookofStephenHawking’swasmadeintoamovie?A.TheUniverseinaNutshell.B.BlackHolesandBabyUniversesandOtherEssays.C.OntheShouldersofGiants.D.ABriefHistoryofTime.【解析】选D。细微环节理解题。依据第三段可知,文中列举的霍金写的三本书中,他的第一本书ABriefHistoryofTime在1991年被拍成了电影,故选D。3.Fromthesecondparagraph,wecanlearnthatbeforeheknewhisdisease,Hawking_______.

A.focusedhisattentiononhisresearchB.wasveryboredwithlifeC.alwaysvaluedtimeD.wasinterestedineverythingaroundhim【解析】选B。推理推断题。依据其次段第三句“Thedoctor’sgrimprognosismademedeterminetogetthemostfromlifeIhadpreviouslytakenforgrantedandlifewasnolongerboringforme”可知霍金在此之前对生活的看法并不主动,觉得生活没有意思,故选B。4.AccordingtoHawking,hisdisease_______.

A.stoppedhimfrommakinggreaterachievementsB.stoppedhimfrombecomingmorefamousC.madehimfocusallofhisattentiononresearchD.causedhimtolosehopeofliving【解析】选C。推理推断题。依据第四段末句“Whatweneedismindpower—anddisabledpeopleareasgoodatthatasanyoneelse.”可知,正是因为他的疾病才使得他把精力放在他最擅长的领域,故选C。Ⅱ.阅读填句阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。Whatpersonalqualitiesaredesirableinateacher?Ithinkthefollowingwouldbegenerallyaccepted.Firstly,theteacher’spersonalityshouldbelivelyandattractive.Thisdoesnotruleoutpeoplewhoareplain-looking,orevenugly,becausemanysuchpeoplehavegreatpersonalcharm.1.

Secondly,itisnotmerelydesirablebutessentialforateachertohaverealcapacityforsympathy,acapacitytounderstandthemindsandfeelingsofchildren.2.—notofwhatiswrong,butoftheweaknessesandimmaturityofchildren,whichcausethemtomakemistakes.

Thirdly,Iholditessentialforateachertobebothintellectuallyandmorallyhonest.Thismeansthathewillbeawareofhisintellectualstrengthsandlimitations,andwillhavethoughtaboutanddecideduponthemoralprinciplesbywhichhislifeshallbeguided.3.Thatispartofthetechniqueofteaching,whichdemandsthateverynowandthenateachershouldbeabletoputonanact—toenliven(使生动)alesson,correctafault,orawardpraise.

Ateachermustbecapableofinfinitepatience.4,forwearenoneofusbornlikethat.

Finally,Ithinkateachershouldhavethekindofmindwhichalwayswantstogoonlearning.5;thereisalwayssomethingmoretolearnabout.Therearethreeprincipalobjectsofstudy:thesubjectswhichtheteacheristeaching;themethodsbywhichthesubjectscanbestbetaughttotheparticularpupilsintheclassesheisteaching;mostimportantly,thechildren,youngpeople,oradultstowhomthesubjectsaretobetaught.

A.This,Imaysay,islargelyamatterofself-disciplineandself-trainingB.CloselyrelatedtothisisthecapacitytobetolerantC.TeachingisajobatwhichonewillneverbeperfectD.Children,especiallyyoungchildren,liveinaworldthatisratherlargerthanlifeE.Thereisnocontradiction(自相冲突)inmygoingontosaythatateachershouldbeabitofanactorF.Butitdoesruleoutsuchtypesastheover-excitable,sad,cold,andfrustratedG.TherearetwofundamentalprinciplesofBritisheducationtoday【语篇概述】本文介绍了老师应当具有什么样的品质。1.【解析】选F。本段介绍了作为老师相貌平平无所谓,但是要具有人格魅力。但是性格上有问题的人就要解除在外,比如简洁过于兴奋,哀痛,冷酷或者懊丧的人就不适合做老师,故选F。2.【解析】选B。依据上下文可知,老师应当富有怜悯心,能够理解孩子们的感情,对孩子们的不成熟的做法能够宽容,故选B。3.【解析】选E。依据下文可知,表演也是老师的教学技巧之一,老师们为了使课堂活跃起来间或也须要表演,故选E。4.【解析】选A。依据上文可知,老师必须要有足够的耐性,另外依据下文的wearenoneofusbornlikethat可知,这种实力不是天生的,在很大程度上是自律和自我训练的结果,故选A。5.【解析】选C。依据上下文可知,老师恒久有新的东西要去学习,所以恒久不会特别完备,故选C。Ⅲ.完形填空DanteGabrielRossettiwasafamous19th-centurypoetandartist.Oneday,hewas1byanelderlyman.TheoldfellowhadsomesketchesanddrawingsthathewantedRossettitolookatandtellhimiftheywereanygood,2iftheyatleastshowed3talent.

Rossettiexaminedthemcarefully.Afterthefirstfew,heknewthattheywere4,showingnottheleastsignofartistictalent.ButRossettiwasakindman,andhetoldtheelderlymanas5aspossiblethatthepictureswere6muchvalueandshowedlittletalent.Hewassorry,buthecouldnot7totheman.Thevisitorwasdisappointed,butseemedto8Rossetti’sjudgment.

HethenapologizedfortakingupRossetti’stime,but9toaskwhetherhewouldjustlookatafewmoredrawings—thesedonebyayoungartstudent.Rossettilookedoverthesecondbatchofsketchesandimmediatelybecame10overthetalenttheyrevealed.“These,”hesaid,“oh,thesearegood.Thisyoungstudenthasgreattalent.Heshouldbegiveneveryhelpandencouragementinhis11asanartist.Hehasagreatfutureifhewillworkhardand12it.”

Rossetticouldseethattheoldfellowwasdeeply13.“Whoisthisfineyoungartist?”heasked.“Yourson?”“No,”saidtheoldmansadly.“Itisme—40yearsago.IfonlyIhadheardyour14then!Foryousee,Igotdiscouragedandgaveup—too15.”

【语篇概述】文章通过一个画家的故事给我们讲解并描述了一个人生道理:通往胜利的路没有捷径,任何时候都要信任自己,要经受住挫折的打击,不能轻言放弃。1.A.thrilled B.approached C.hunted D.admired【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。依据后面一句可知,老人拿着素描和画作让Rossetti鉴赏,那个老人是来探望Rossetti的。thrilled使激烈;approached接近;hunted狩猎;admired敬佩。故选B。2.A.or B.and C.but D.while【解析】选A。词语辨析题。句意:这位老人有一些素描和画作,他想让Rossetti看看,告知他,它们有什么好,或者至少展示出潜在的才能。or或者;and并且;but但是;while在……同时。依据句意可知此处表示“或者”。故选A。3.A.amazing B.extraordinaryC.potential D.equal【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。依据“andtellhimiftheywereanygood,_______iftheyatleastshowed_______talent”老人想让Rossetti看看自己的画作好不好,是不是能够呈现他的潜在的才能。amazing令人惊异的;extraordinary非凡的;potential潜在的;equal同等的。故选C。

4.A.worthless B.expensiveC.humorous D.satisfactory【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。依据下文“thepictureswere_______muchvalueandshowedlittletalent.”可知,他认为这些画是毫无价值的。worthless无价值的;expensive昂贵的;humorous滑稽的;satisfactory令人满足的。故选A。

5.A.rudely B.proudly C.awkwardly D.gently【解析】选D。词语辨析题。依据本句中的“Rossettiwasakindman”可知,他是温柔地说。rudely粗鲁地;proudly自负地;awkwardly尴尬地;gently温柔地;故选D。6.A.with B.on C.without D.under【解析】选C。词语辨析题。这些画没有什么价值,也展示不出什么才华。with带有;和,同;一起;on在……上面;without无,没有;under在……下面。故选C。7.A.lie B.rush C.salute D.owe【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。依据上半句“Hewassorry”和后面的but可推知,他很愧疚,但是不好意思对老人说谎。lie说谎;rush冲,闯;salute行礼致敬,打招呼;owe欠,欠钱。故选A。8.A.refuse B.expect C.confirm D.doubt【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。依据下文老人想让Rossetti再看一些画,可知,他很期盼Rossetti的评价。refuse拒绝;expect期望;confirm确认;doubt怀疑。故选B。9.A.hesitated B.offered C.threatened D.hated【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。依据语境推理,老人又想让Rossetti看画,又怕会耽搁Rossetti的时间,所以会迟疑一下。hesitated迟疑;offered供应;threatened威逼;hated憎恨。故选A。10.A.bored B.annoyedC.enthusiastic D.desperate【解析】选C。词语辨析题。依据下文“oh,thesearegood.Thisyoungstudenthasgreattalent.”可知,Rossetti认为这些画的作者有才华,所以会对这些画提起热忱。bored无聊的,烦人的;annoyed郁闷的;enthusiastic热忱的;desperate令人无望的。故选C。11.A.career B.reputationC.personality D.promise【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。依据语境可知,此处表示画画这一事业。career事业;reputation名声,名誉;personality特性,品行;promise许诺。故选A。12.A.datebackto B.forgetC.remember D.stickto【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。依据前半句“Hehasagreatfuture”可知条件是他能够努力付出并坚持下去。datebackto追溯到;forget遗忘;remember记住;stickto忠于,坚持。故选D。13.A.challenged B.appreciatedC.disturbed D.moved【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。句意:Rossetti可以看到这位老人被深深地打动了。因为老人最终得到了Rossetti的评价,他特别感动。challenged挑战;appreciated观赏,感谢;disturbed打搅;moved打动,使……感动。故选D。14.A.voice B.praise C.proposal D.lecture【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。句意:要是我当时听到你的表扬就好了!由于现在听到这种赞扬已经晚了,所以此处表示要是早些听到表扬就好了。voice嗓音;praise赞扬,赞扬;proposal提议;lecture演讲。故选B。15.A.late B.simply C.eagerly D.soon【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。句意:我感到垂头丧气,很快就放弃了。结合句意可知,此处表达早早就放弃了。late晚地;simply简洁地,仅仅,简直;eagerly迫切地;soon很快。故选D。Ⅳ.语法填空阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The“selfie”isusedtodescribetheself-takenphoto,oftenfromasmartphone.Someonetakesabout10selfieseachtime,andheonlyendsup1.________(post)oneortwoofthose.Hepickstheonethathefeelsmakehimlookthe2._____(good).Inthatpicture,hegainsconfidence.Forthatmoment,everythingbadorterriblethathashappenedtohim3.___________(remove),becausethatsmileiswhatgiveshimthe4.___________(determine)tolovehimself.

Iread5.___________poemrecentlyandtheyoungmansaid,“IfIaskyou6.___________youlove,theanswerswillmostlikelyrolloffyourtongue.Youlovetoread.Youlovetowrite.Youloveyourmom,yourdaughter,oryourfriends.Howlongdoyouthinkyoucangoonandonbeforeyousay’Ilove7.___________(I)’”

Thatstatementhitmelikeatonofbricks.I’vestruggledwith8.___________(confident)allmylife.Istilldo.AndinnowayamIsayingthattakingaselfieisagateway9.___________confidence.However,theselfiedoesdeservesomecreditforallowingindividuals10.___________(express)themselves.

【语篇概述】为什么越来越多的人喜爱自拍?自拍会提高你的自信念,自拍会让你更好地表达自己。1.【解析】posting。考查固定短语。endupdoing以……而告终,故填posting。2.【解析】best。考查形容词最高级。人们都会选择自认为最美丽的照片发在网上,所以用best。3.【解析】isremoved。考查动词的时态和语态。句意:在这个时候,无论是好的还是坏的都会被去除掉。全文是一般现在时,所以用被动语态,故填isremoved。4.【解析】determination。考查名词。微笑给了他爱自己的决心,所以用名词determination放在定冠词the后,故填determination。5.【解析】a。考查冠词。我最近读过一首诗。所以用a表示一个,故填a。6.【解析】what。考查宾语从句。依据回答可知问题是:你爱什么,故填what。7.【解析】myself。考查代词。文章讲的是自拍让人们自爱自信,所以用myself。8.【解析】confidence。考查词性转换。作介词的宾语,应当用名词。9.【解析】to。考查介词。agatewaytosomeplace通往某处的入口,故填to。10.【解析】toexpress。考查非谓语动词。allowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事,不定式作宾语补足语,固定结构。阅读理解(2024·伊春高二检测)“Ireallywroteitforme,ItwaswhatIfoundfunnyandwhatIliked”.ThosearethewordsofJ.K.Rowling,authoroftheenormouslypopularHarryPotterbooks.Thequotereferstothefirstinaseriesofnovelsfeaturingayoungcharacterwhohascarvedoutapermanentplaceforhiscreatorintheworldofchildren’sliterature.JoanneKathleenRowlingwasborninEnglandin1965,andwroteherfirststoryattheageofsix.Shewasinhermid-20swhentheideafortheHarryPotternovelscametoher,duringalongtrainride.Bytheendofthatjourney,shesays,thecharacterofHarryandtheschoolforwizardswhichheattendsweremoreorlessfullyformedinhermind.Itwouldbeseveralyears,however,beforethenovelwascompleted.Bythattime,Rowlinghadbeenthroughafailedmarriage.Livingonwelfareasasingleparent,shewroteaboutHarryPotterwhilesittinginanEdinburghcaféwithherdaughterasleepbesideher.ShecouldnothavedreamedofthefameandsuccesswhichHarrywouldbringherintheyearstocome.HarryPotterisnotyouraveragesuperhero.Heis12yearsold,skinny,wearsglasses,andtendstoworryalot.Yet,hehascapturedtheimaginationofchildrenandadultstheworldover,andhasintroducedmillionstothejoysofreading.Harry’sappealstemsfromhisroleasaveryordinaryboywhofindshimselfinextraordinarysituations.Orphanedasababy,Harryspendsthenext10yearsbeingmistreatedbytheawfulrelativeswithwhomhelives.Onhis11thbirthday,helearnsthathepossessesmagicalpowersandisadmittedfortrainingattheHogwartsSchoolofWitchcraftandWizardry.TheadventuresofHarryandhisfriendsattheschoolaresuperblynarratedbyJ.K.Rowling.Shemanagestoleadhermillionsofreadersdeepintotheworldofthesupernatural,whileatthesametimedeali