浙江省金华十校2023-2024学年高二下学期期末调研考试英语试题

金华十校2023—2024学年第二学期期末调研考试高二英语试题卷本试卷分为第I卷(选择题)和第II卷(非选择题)，共150分，考试时间120分钟。请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂写在答题纸上。第I卷(选择题共95分)第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whyisthewomanmakingthechair?A.Tosellitformoney. B.Togiveitasagift. C.Topractiseherskills.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:HavealookatthispieceofwoodI’mworkingon.M:That’snotapieceofwood,that’sachairtositon.It’spretty.Areyousellingit?W:No,I’vebeenshapingitoverthepastfewdays.It’sapresentforyou.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatwastheman’sbestrecordbeforetoday?A.12.13seconds. B.12.23seconds. C.12.35seconds.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Yes,I’vejustrunmyquickest100metersthisyear,12.23seconds.W:Wow,thatisfast.Itbeatsyourpreviousbestof12.35.Maybeonedayyoucanbeattheschoolrecordof12.13.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatwillthewomanprobablydonext?A.GetsomeEuros. B.Waitforhervisa. C.Printoutherboardingpass.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:AreyouallreadyforyourtriptoEurope?W:Yes,I’vegotmypassportandmyVisa.I’veevenprintedoutmyplaneboardingpass.AllIneedtoorganizenowisenoughEurostolastmeforthefirstfewdays.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Howisthewomanfeeling?A.Anxious. B.Confident. C.Calm.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:DoyouworryaboutclimatechangeasmuchasIdo?M:Idid.ButnowIfeelabitcalmer.Istartedreadingaboutthescientist’sworkontheproblem.I’mconfidentthatwe’llfindasolutioneventually.5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A.Atthewoman’shome. B.Atarestaurant. C.Atschool.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Thelastquestionbeforeyougohome,telluswhyyoushouldgetthejob.M:I’mhardworkingandI’maquicklearner.Plus,sincestartingmynewcourseatschool,I’vehadotherparttimejobsinfastfoodrestaurantslikethis,soIhaveexperience.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.WhereisCarolegoingtoday?A.Tothelibrary. B.Totheoffice. C.Toabookshop.7.WhatdidCarolereceiveearlier?A.Aletter. B.Abook. C.Alibrarynotice.【答案】6.C7.A【解析】【原文】M:HiCarol,you’reoutearly.AreyougoingtoworkonaSaturday?W:No,I’mgoingtocentralbookstore.They’rehavingahalfpricebooksaletoday.M:Oh,thatsoundsgood.Howdidyougetthenotice?W:Thebookshopsentmealetteraboutit.M:Well,whatareyouhopingtobuy?W:TheGoldfinchbyDonnaTart.I’veheardit’sgood.M:Itis.Iborroweditfromthelibraryawhileago.W:IsupposeIcoulddothat,butIdon’tknowwhy.Ijustliketoownabook.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.Whattypeofperformanceisthemangoingtosee?A.Anopera. B.Aballet. C.Aconcert.9.Whydidthemanbuytheticketsforhismother?A.AsaMother’sDaygift. B.AsaChristmasgift. C.Asabirthdaygift.【答案】8.B9.C【解析】【原文】W:HiJake,youlookveryfancy.Whereareyouoffto?M:I’mmeetingmymotherattheroyaloperahouse.W:Cool.Areyougoingtoseeaconcert?M:Aballet?Actually,mymomhasalwayswantedtoseeswanlake,soIboughttheticketsforherbirthday.W:Howlovely.HerbirthdayisinDecember,right?M:Yeah,justbeforeChristmas.W:Iguessshe’sexcited.M:Shehastalkedofnothingelseforweeks.W:Youknow,you’veactuallygivenmeanidea.Iguessmymomwouldliketicketstoseeaplayformother’sday.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】10.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Wheretofindtheircat.B.WhytheInternetisn’tworking.C.Howtocontactthetelephonepany.11.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Brotherandsister. B.Fatheranddaughter. C.Teacherandstudent.12.Whathashappened?A.Thetelephonepanyisbeingslow.B.ThecatturnedofftheInternet.C.TheWiFiboxisbroken.【答案】10.B11.A12.B【解析】【原文】W:Ohgreat,theWiFiisn’tworkingagain.Myonlineclasshasstopped.M:Letmecheck.Yes,samehere.That’sthethirdtimeithascutouttoday.W:Isitthetelephonepanybeingslowordoyouthinkit’sadifferentproblem?M:I’mnotsure.WhenIphonedthemonTuesdaytheysaidtherewasn’taproblemwithourInternetline.W:Shouldwegoaskdadforhelp?M:Letmecheckthewifiboxfirst.Hmm,that’sstrange.It’sturnedoff.W:Howcouldthathappen?ThelasttimeIlooked,thecatwasasleepnexttoitanditwasturnedon.M:Holdon,didyousaythecatwasnexttoit?W:Yes,hewassleeping.And,oh,doyouthinkhedidit?M:Yeah,Ithinkso.Hemusthaveturneditoffbymistake.W:Naughtycat.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】13.Howmuchdoesthemanplantospendonhousing?A.$10,000. B.$5000. C.$2500.14.Whyisthemanmoving?A.Tobeclosertohisoffice.B.Toliveinabetterneighborhood.C.Tohavemorespaceforhisfamily.15.Whereistheapartmentprobably?A.Inabeacharea. B.Inadowntownarea. C.Inaruralarea.16.Whatwillthewomanprobablydonext?A.Showthemananotherapartment.B.Helpthemanselltheapartment.C.Discusswiththemanonprice.【答案】13.C14.A15.B16.A【解析】【原文】W:There’senoughspaceforafamilyofsix.YoucanalsohaveviewsovertheHudsonriver,whichflowstoAtlanticocean.M:It’sgreat,butI’mjustmovingintoanapartmentwithmywife.Wewon’tneedthismuchspace.W:Isee,butlifeisalwayschanging.Plus,imaginehostingguestsordinnerpartieshere.M:I’mworriedthatit’smorethanIcanafford.What’sthecostpermonth?W:It’llbe5000dollarspermonth.M:Myupperlimitforhousingishalfofthatprice.I’msorry.Ican’taffordit.W:Noworriessir,ifyoulikethisarea,wecanseesomecheaperapartments.M:Great,thanks.IwanttomovetothedowntownareaaroundheresothatI’mclosertowork.Mycurrenthouseisquitefaroutofthecity.W:Iunderstand.Ihaveanapartmentinanotherneighborhood.Itdoesn’thavethisview,butI’msureyou’lllikeit.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17.WhofirstnoticedHeHui’stalent?A.Herparents. B.Herneighbor. C.Herteacher.18.WhatdidHeHuidoaftergraduationatfirst?A.Teachinauniversity.B.Performoninternationalstages.C.Receivetrainingfromaclassicalmusician.19.WhichoperaisHeHuimostfamousfor?A.Tosca. B.MadamaButterfly. C.Aida.20.WheredoesHeHuilivetoday?A.InAnkang. B.InXi’an. C.InVerona.【答案】17.C18.A19.C20.C【解析】【原文】W:ItwasnotHehui’splantobeeoneoftheworld’smostsuccessfuloperasingers.ShewasborninAnkungasadaughterofateacherandadoctor.Afterherhighschoolmathteacherheardherpractisingatraditionalsongforaschoolplay,herlifewaschanged.Amazedbyhervoice,hermathteacherintroducedhertohisneighbour,animportantclassicalmusician.Hertalentmadethemusiciandecidetotrainher,eventhoughshehadneverlistenedtooperabefore.Onlyamonthlater,Hehuiwasacceptedtoauniversity,whichmainlyteachesmusic.Andsheremainedattheschoolasasingingteacheraftergraduation.Hehuiisfamousforherstrongmovingperformances.Aidaistheoperasheisbestknownfor.PeoplesayHehuiisoneofthemostpopularAidaofourtime,thebestbutterflyyoucouldwishforinMadamaButterfly.AndherwonderfulperformanceinToscawasalsoahugesuccess.AlthoughHehuiperformslargelyinEuropeandlivesinYerona,shestillreturnstoChinaforconcertsandoperas,andshevisitsherparentsinXi’anregularly.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AApril27bringsIndependentBookstoreDay,thebiggestbookstorecelebrationoftheyearwhenbookstoresaroundthecountryhosteventsandofferdiscounts.Here’saselectionofbookstoreswelovewritingabout.BooksonMainBooksonMainfeelslikeyou’rereadinginsideatreehouseinaWisconsinforest.ItopenedinJune2023.Localresidentshaveawelingplacedecoratedwithwood,leavesandfortablefurnituretogatheranddiscovernewandbelovedbooks.OfftheBeatenPathBookstoreFirstopenedmorethan30yearsago,OfftheBeatenPathhasbeenthroughthreesetsofownersandthreelocations.CurrentownersMikeandDanielleSkovsayonethinghasneverchanged:Themitmenttobeingawelingandinclusivespace.Theypartnerwithlocalschools,librariesandnonprofitstoreachasmuchofthemunityaspossible.ChangingHandsBookstoreToopopulartobecalledahiddengem(宝石)thisArizonajewelrecentlycelebratedits50thanniversary.Itfirstopenedina500squarefootspacein1974.Ithostsauthorevents,poetrydiscussiongroupsandoffersaTradeCounterwherecustomerscanbringingentlyusedbooksforstorecredit.TheLastChapterBookShopTheLastChapterisanallromancebookstoreinChicagothatopenedin2023.ThestorehostsauthoreventsalongwithmunitymixerslikeBlindDatewithaBook,whereyouwraponeofyourfavoritebooksandswapitwithafellowbookworminhopesoffindinganewfavoriteandanewfriend.21.Whichbookstorehasthelongesthistory?A.BooksonMain: B.TheLastChapterBookShop.C.ChangingHandsBookstore. D.OfftheBeatenPathBookstore.22.WhatsetsOfftheBeatenPathBookstoreapartfromotherbookstores?A.Itworkswithlocalschools. B.Itremainsinthesameplace.C.Itcollectsgentlyusedbooks D.Itcreatesawelingatmosphere.23.WhatcanpeopledoatBlindDatewithaBook?A.Receivewrappedgifts. B.municatewithauthors.C.Buytheirfavoritebooks. D.Exchangebookswithbooklovers.【答案】21.C22.A23.D【解析】【导语】本文是应用文。介绍了“独立书店日”这一活动，并特别推荐了几家具有特色的书店，包括它们的背景、特点、活动等信息。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据BooksonMain下的“ItopenedinJune2023.(它于2023年6月开业)”，OfftheBeatenPathBookstore下的“Firstopenedmorethan30yearsago,OfftheBeatenPathhasbeenthroughthreesetsofownersandthreelocations.(Offthe人迹罕至的小路(OfftheBeatenPath)于30多年前开业，至今已经历了三组业主和三个地点)”，ChangingHandsBookstore下的“Itfirstopenedina500squarefootspacein1974.(1974年，它在一个500平方英尺的空间里首次开业)”以及TheLastChapterBookShop下的“TheLastChapterisanallromancebookstoreinChicagothatopenedin2023.(TheLastChapter是一家位于芝加哥的浪漫书店，于2023年开业)”可知，ChangingHandsBookstore.于1974年开业，历史最悠久。故选C项。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据OfftheBeatenPathBookstore下的“Theypartnerwithlocalschools,librariesandnonprofitstoreachasmuchofthemunityaspossible.(他们与当地学校、图书馆和非营利组织合作，尽可能多地接触社区)”可知，OfftheBeatenPathBookstore的特别之处是它与当地学校合作。故选A项。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据TheLastChapterBookShop下的“ThestorehostsauthoreventsalongwithmunitymixerslikeBlindDatewithaBook,whereyouwraponeofyourfavoritebooksandswapitwithafellowbookworminhopesoffindinganewfavoriteandanewfriend.(书店会举办作家活动，同时还会举办一些社区活动，比如“书之相亲”(BlindDatewithaBook)。在这里，你可以把自己最喜欢的一本书包起来，与其他书迷交换，希望能找到自己的新欢和新朋友)”可知，在BlindDatewithaBook上人们可以与爱读书的人交换书籍。故选D项。BJasmineisonmyZoomscreen.Sheispullingherhair.Asshestartstalking,therateofthepullingincreases.“MyexamisonFriday,”shetellsme,“WhatifIgetaquestionIcan’tanswer?WhatifIdon’tgetagoodgrade?”Jasmineisjustoneofthestudentssufferingfromtestanxiety.Theword“anxiety”originatesfromLatin,meaningnarrowing.The“narrowing”describeswhat’shappeninginJasmine’snervoussystem.Basically,thesympathetic(交感神经)branch—fightorflight—hasswitchedon,andhermuscleshavenarrowedasifshe’spreparingtodobattleorrunaway.monlyknownthe“restanddigest”branch,theparasympathetic(副交感神经)nervoussystemplaysanimportantroleinthinkingandlearningbypromotingastateofrelaxationandcalmness.Whentheparasympatheticnervoussystemisstirredup,itreducesstressandanxiety,improvingfocusandconcentration.Therearethreesimpletoolsforengagingtheparasympatheticbranch:breathing,grounding,andsensing.Breathingmeansasteadyflowofbreath;groundingmeansfeelingthechairandthefloorsupportingyou;andsensingmeansturningononeormoreofthefivesenses.Inmorethan40yearsofcoachingtesttakers,Ihaveobservedhowoftentheyholdtheirbreath,hownervousandungroundedtheyare,andhowunawaretheyareoffeelingthetouchofclothesontheirownbodies.Nowonderpeopleareexhaustedbytheendofalongtest!Whentheyusethethreecalmingtools,theycreatethestatenecessaryforsittingstill,thinking,remembering,reasoning,and,finally,answeringquestions.Weallfacecountlesstestsineverydaylife.Unexpected,unwantedthingshappentoeveryone.Wouldn’titbeawholelotbetterifwefacedthetestsbybeingcalm?Incaseyou’rewondering,theansweris“Yes!”Buttherealquestionis:Insteadofforcingstudentstoprogressthroughendlessparisonandpetition,whydon’tweteachthemhowtostaycalm?24.WhydoestheauthormentionJasmineinthefirstparagraph?A.Toshowstudents’hardlife. B.Tointroduceaproblemstudentsface.C.Toparedifferentattitudestowardstests. D.Toanalysestudents’behaviorsduringvideocalls.25.Whatchangewouldtheengagementoftheparasympatheticnervoussystembring?A.Improvedattention. B.Worsenedanxiety.C.Tightenedmuscles. D.Quickenedresponse.26.Fromthelastparagraphwecaninferthatthewriterthinksitimportant.A.totakesometeststomakeprogressB.toattachimportancetoparisonandpetitionC.tolearntoavoidunexpectedandunwantedthingsinlifeD.topreparestudentswiththewaystokeepcalmduringtests27.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Whatdostudentsfaceintests? B.Howtodealwithtestanxiety?C.Howtoengagethenervoussystem? D.Whatistheoriginoftheword“anxiety”?【答案】24.B25.A26.D27.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了学生面临考试焦虑的问题以及应对方法。可知，这篇文章的主要内容是如何应对考试焦虑。【24题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“JasmineisonmyZoomscreen.Sheispullingherhair.Asshestartstalking,therateofthepullingincreases.“MyexamisonFriday,”shetellsme,“WhatifIgetaquestionIcan’tanswer?WhatifIdon’tgetagoodgrade?”(贾斯敏在我的Zoom屏幕上。她在拉着他的头发。当她开始说话时，拉扯的速度增加了。“我的考试是在周五，”她告诉我，“如果我遇到一道答不上来的题怎么办？如果我没有取得好成绩怎么办？”)”以及第二段“Jasmineisjustoneofthestudentssufferingfromtestanxiety.(贾思敏只是遭受考试焦虑的学生之一)”可知，作者在第一段提到Jasmine是为了介绍学生面临的问题。故选B。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Whentheparasympatheticnervoussystemisstirredup,itreducesstressandanxiety,improvingfocusandconcentration.(当副交感神经系统被激发时，它会减少压力和焦虑，提高注意力和集中力)”可知，副交感神经系统的参与会提高注意力。故选A。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Wouldn’titbeawholelotbetterifwefacedthetestsbybeingcalm?Incaseyou’rewondering,theansweris“Yes!” Buttherealquestionis:Insteadofforcingstudentstoprogressthroughendlessparisonandpetition,whydon’tweteachthemhowtostaycalm?(如果我们冷静地面对考验，不是会好得多吗？如果你想知道，答案是“是的！”真正的问题是:与其强迫学生通过无休止的比较和竞争来进步，我们为什么不教他们如何保持冷静呢?)”可知，作者认为让学生在考试中保持冷静的方法是很重要的。故选D。【27题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Weallfacecountlesstestsineverydaylife.Unexpected,unwantedthingshappentoeveryone.Wouldn’titbeawholelotbetterifwefacedthetestsbybeingcalm?Incaseyou’rewondering,theansweris“Yes!”Buttherealquestionis:Insteadofforcingstudentstoprogressthroughendlessparisonandpetition,whydon’tweteachthemhowtostaycalm?(我们在日常生活中都面临着无数的考验。每个人都会遇到意想不到的、不想要的事情。如果我们冷静地面对考验，不是会好得多吗?如果你想知道，答案是“是的!”但真正的问题是：与其强迫学生通过无休止的比较和竞争来进步，我们为什么不教他们如何保持冷静呢？)”结合文章主要说明了学生面临考试焦虑的问题以及应对方法。可知，这篇文章的主要内容是如何应对考试焦虑。故选B。C“BigTree,”anoldsouthernliveoak,sitsinaparkjustoutsideOrlando’sbusinessdistrict.It’sbeenstruckbylightningatleastthreetimesandhassurvivedmanyhurricanes—anditgrewfromaseedaroundthesametimeJuanPoncedeLeón’sshipfirstlandedonFlorida’seasterncoast.Over400yearsold,thetreeissoimpressivethatmembersofaMichiganbasednonprofitflewtoOrlandoinFebruarytoclimbthetreeandcutbranchesandleaves.Theresearchersarenowinthemidstoftheprocesstogrownewrootsfromthecuttings.Thereason:Toclonethehistorictree,storeitsDNAandplantpotentiallythousandsofclonedtreesacrosstheSoutheast.Inordertocloneanancienttree,researchersmustclimbittofindapieceoflivetissue.Thefreshlycutbranchesandleavesaretakentothegroup’slabinMichigan,where,inclimatecontrolledrooms,researchersworktopromotegrowthfromthecuttings.Themostmonmethodisbyrootedcuttings.Inthismethod,atipofatree’sbranchisdipped(蘸)intohormones,placedintoafoamplug(泡沫塞)andsetinsideamistroom.Then,thewaitingbegins.Asignoflifecantakeseveralmonthstoayeartoshow,ifoneesatall.Inanothermethodcalledtissueculture,researcherstakeaquarterinchofbranch,dipitintoamixturemadeupofadozenhormonesandotherchemicals,seal(密封)itinacontainerandwaittoseewhetheritwillgrowroots.Experts‘laudedthegroupforitscreativemethodsandreproductioninlargenumbers,buttheydoubtwhetherthecloneswillgrowastheoriginalsdo.ScottMerkle,aprofessorofforestbiologyattheUniversityofGeorgia,said,“Therearesomanyvariablesthatthere’snocertaintythattheywillbeabletosurviveandperformbetterthanothertreesthatyouplantonthesameland”.Headdedthattheageofhistorictreesmakesthemdifficulttostudy.“Ithinkit’sagreatthingthatthey’redoing…Ijustdon’tknowhowrealisticitis.”28.Accordingtothepassage,whatdotheresearchersaimtodo?A.Tocloneanancienttreefromitsoriginal.B.TosavethousandsoftreesacrosstheSoutheast.C.Toanalysetheeffectsofclimateontreegrowth.D.Tostudythereasonforthesurvivalof“BigTree”.29.Whatdoweknowaboutthetwomethodsmentionedinparagraph4?A.Tissuecultureisthemostfrequentlyusedmethod.B.Thereisachancethatthebranchwillfailtogrowroots.C.Inthefirstmethodthelivetissueissealedinacontainer.D.Amixtureofhormonesandotherchemicalsisneededinbothmethods.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“lauded”inparagraph5mean?A.Joined. B.Charged. C.Praised. D.Contacted.31.What’sScottMerkle’sattitudetothegroup’swork?A.Cautious. B.Critical. C.Approving. D.Unclear.【答案】28.A29.B30.C31.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。坐落在奥兰多商业区外的一个公园里的一棵古老的南方橡树已有400多年的历史，目前，研究人员在树上剪下树枝和树叶，将其带到该团队位于密歇根州的实验室，目的是克隆这棵历史悠久的树，储存它的DNA。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Theresearchersarenowinthemidstoftheprocesstogrownewrootsfromthecuttings.Thereason:Toclonethehistorictree,storeitsDNAandplantpotentiallythousandsofclonedtreesacrosstheSoutheast.(研究人员目前正在从插枝上培育新根。原因是：为了克隆这棵历史悠久的树，储存它的DNA，并在东南部种植数千棵克隆树)”可知，研究人员的目的是从原树中克隆一棵古树。故选A。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Themostmonmethodisbyrootedcuttings.Inthismethod,atipofatree’sbranchisdipped( 蘸)intohormones,placedintoafoamplug( 泡沫塞)andsetinsideamistroom.Then,thewaitingbegins.Asignoflifecantakeseveralmonthstoayeartoshow,ifoneesatall.Inanothermethodcalledtissueculture,researcherstakeaquarterinchofbranch,dipitintoamixturemadeupofadozenhormonesandotherchemicals,seal(密封)itinacontainerandwaittoseewhetheritwillgrowroots.(最常见的方法是生根扦插。在这种方法中，将树枝的尖端浸入激素中，放入泡沫塞中，并放置在雾室中。然后，等待就开始了。如果有的话，生命迹象可能需要几个月到一年的时间才会显现。在另一种称为组织培养的方法中，研究人员取四分之一英寸长的树枝，将其浸入由十几种激素和其他化学物质组成的混合物中，将其密封在容器中，然后等待看它是否会生根。)”可知，在描述这两种方法时，作者用了“ifoneesatall(如果有的话)”和“whetheritwillgrowroots(是否会生根)”等字眼，由此可推知，这两种方法都有可能导致树枝无法生根。故选B。【30题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线单词所在句子“Experts‘laudedthegroupforitscreativemethodsandreproductioninlargenumbers,buttheydoubtwhetherthecloneswillgrowastheoriginalsdo.(专家们对该组织的创新方法和大量繁殖表示lauded，但他们怀疑克隆体是否会像原代植物那样生长。)”中的but可知，前后是转折关系，虽然专家们对克隆体是否会像原代植物那样生长表示怀疑，但是他们对该组织的创新方法和大量繁殖表示称赞，划线单词表示“称赞”，与C项“Praised.(赞美)”意思相近，故选C。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段ScottMerkle所说的话“Headdedthattheageofhistorictreesmakesthemdifficulttostudy.“Ithinkit’sagreatthingthatthey’redoing…Ijustdon’tknowhowrealisticitis.”(他补充说，古树的年龄使得研究它们变得困难。“我认为他们正在做的事情很棒……我只是不知道这有多现实。”)”可知，ScottMerkle对这一团队的工作表示赞美，同时他也表示了自己的担忧，由此可推知，他的态度是谨慎的，故选A。DFreeridingmeanspeoplecanbenefitfromaservicewithoutpayinganything.Italsoarisesifpeoplecangetbenefitwithoutmakingequalcontributions.Soafreerideralwaysenjoysthebenefitsofaresourceorservicewhilelettingsomeoneelsedotheworkordomorework.Thereareseveraleffectsofthefreeriderproblem.ThefirstistheTragedy(悲剧)ofthemons,asituationinwhichindividualswithaccesstoapublicresourceactintheirowninterestand,indoingso,finallyuseuptheresource.Forexample,imaginethatagroupofpeopleshareapieceoflandwheretheyallgraze(让……吃草)theircattle.Ifeachpersonjusttriestomaximizetheirownshorttermgain,theywilllettheircattlegrazeasmuchaspossible.However,ifeveryonedoesthis,thelandwillquicklybeeovergrazedandwillnotbeabletosupportanycattle.Anothereffectisthatthefreeriderproblemcanleadtoasituationinwhichpeopledonothaveaccesstoimportantgoodsandservices.Thisisbecauseprovidersmaynotbeabletogetbackthecostsofprovidingthegoodsorservicesiftoomanypeoplefreeride.Imaginethatacitydecidestobuildanewhospitalthroughdonations.Iftoomanypeoplerelyonotherstodonate,ratherthandonatethemselves,thenthehospitalmaynotbebuiltatall.Thismeansthatpeoplewhoneedmedicalcareintheareamaynothaveaccesstoit.Thereareseveralsolutionstothefreeriderproblem.Governmentaddressestheproblembycollectingtaxdollarstosupportpublicservices.Theoretically,taxesarerelatedtoine,sofaircostsharingcanbeachieved.munitiescanturntheirpublicresourceintoaprivateorclubresource,chargingfeestomakesureeveryonewhousesitcontributestoit.Thiswilllimitoveruseand,overtime,mayevenleadtoaltruistic(利他的)behavior.Thatis,manypeoplemayliketheideaofmakingasmallcontributiontoaresourcethattheyuse.32.Whichofthefollowingmaybestshowthenatureoffreeriding?A.Lessismore. B.Manyhandsmakelightwork.C.LetGeorgedoit. D.Jackofalltradesandmasterofnone.33.Whatisoneoftheeffectsproducedbythefreeriderproblem?A.Peopletendtomaximizetheirlongtermgain.B.Agroupofpeoplehavetosharegoodsandservices.C.Individualsoveruseasharedresourceforpersonalgain.D.Thecostsofprovidingthegoodsandservicesarerising.34.Howisparagraph3mainlydeveloped?A.Byreferringtoastudy. B.Bygivinganexample.C.Bymakingaparison. D.Byexplainingadefinition.35.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Todrawpeople’sattentiontopublicservices.B.Tostresstheimportanceofmakingdonations.C.Toinformthereadersofthefreeriderproblem.D.Tocallonthegovernmenttosolvethefreeriderproblem.【答案】32.C33.C34.B35.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章客观地解释了“搭便车”现象的概念、所带来的影响以及提出的一些解决措施。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Freeridingmeanspeoplecanbenefitfromaservicewithoutpayinganything.Italsoarisesifpeoplecangetbenefitwithoutmakingequalcontributions.Soafreerideralwaysenjoysthebenefitsofaresourceorservicewhilelettingsomeoneelsedotheworkordomorework.(搭便车意味着人们无需支付任何费用就可以从一项服务中获益。如果人们不做出同等的贡献就能获得利益，也会出现这种情况。所以搭便车者总是享受某种资源或服务的好处，而让别人做这些工作或做更多的工作)”可知，选项C“LetGeorgedoit.(让乔治来做吧。)”最能体现搭便车的本质，意味着让别人去做事，而自己享受成果，符合搭便车者不付出成本却享受利益的行为特点。故选C。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Thereareseveraleffectsofthefreeriderproblem.ThefirstistheTragedy(悲剧)ofthemons,asituationinwhichindividualswithaccesstoapublicresourceactintheirowninterestand,indoingso,finallyuseuptheresource.(搭便车问题有几个影响。第一种是“公共地悲剧”，在这种情况下，拥有公共资源的个人为了自己的利益而行动，最终耗尽了资源)”可知，搭便车问题产生的影响之一是共享资源因个人追求私利而被过度使用。故选C。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Anothereffectisthatthefreeriderproblemcanleadtoasituationinwhichpeopledonothaveaccesstoimportantgoodsandservices.Thisisbecauseprovidersmaynotbeabletogetbackthecostsofprovidingthegoodsorservicesiftoomanypeoplefreeride.Imaginethatacitydecidestobuildanewhospitalthroughdonations.Iftoomanypeoplerelyonotherstodonate,ratherthandonatethemselves,thenthehospitalmaynotbebuiltatall.Thismeansthatpeoplewhoneedmedicalcareintheareamaynothaveaccesstoit.(另一个影响是搭便车问题可能导致人们无法获得重要商品和服务的情况。这是因为如果太多人免费乘车，供应商可能无法收回提供商品或服务的成本。想象一下，一个城市决定通过捐赠建立一所新医院。如果太多的人依靠别人来捐赠，而不是自己捐赠，那么医院可能根本就建不起来。这意味着该地区需要医疗服务的人可能无法获得医疗服务)”可知，第三段通过举例说明了免费搭车问题的一个影响，即假设一个城市试图通过捐赠建立新医院的情景来阐述如果太多人期望他人捐款而非自己行动，可能会导致医院建不成的结果。因此，该段落主要通过举例子展开论述。故选B。【35题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“Freeridingmeanspeoplecanbenefitfromaservicewithoutpayinganything.Italsoarisesifpeoplecangetbenefitwithoutmakingequalcontributions.Soafreerideralwaysenjoysthebenefitsofaresourceorservicewhilelettingsomeoneelsedotheworkordomorework.(搭便车意味着人们无需支付任何费用就可以从一项服务中获益。如果人们不做出同等的贡献就能获得利益，也会出现这种情况。所以搭便车者总是享受某种资源或服务的好处，而让别人做这些工作或做更多的工作)”和最后一段中“Thereareseveralsolutionstothefreeriderproblem.(有几种解决搭便车问题的方法)”可知，文章整体介绍了什么是搭便车问题、它产生的几个效应以及针对这一问题的几种解决方案。其主要目的是告知读者搭便车问题的存在及其影响，以及可能的解决办法。故选C。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。It’snaturaltopareyourselftoothers,andevenenvythem,ifyouhoponyoursocialmediaforafewminutes.Withjustafewclicks,you’refloodedwithvacationphotos,updates,andads.___36___Inthisarticle,we’llteachyouhowtoavoidcertaintriggers(触发因素)soyoucanstopparingyourselftoothers.Identifyyourtriggersandavoidthem.Tostopparingyourselftoothers,payattentiontothepeopleoreventsthattriggeryourbehavior.Doyoufeeldissatisfactionwithyourlifeafterlookingathighendgoods?___37___Writedownyourparativethoughtsassoonastheyhappensoyoucanlimityourexposuretothesesituations.Appreciateothersinsteadof.envyingthem.___38___Ifyouhavefriendswhoarehighlyachievingpeople,youmightconsiderthattheirnetworksarefullofpeoplewhomightbeabletohelpyoubeemoresuccessfulinyourlife.Insteadofenvyingtheirsuccess,besupportiveandusetheirsuccesstoyourbenefit.___39___Insteadoffocusingonyour“weaknesses,”reflectontheareasyoucanimprove.Takeclasses,workshops,orlessonstoimproveyourskills,anddon’tbeafraidtoaskotherpeopleforhelpalongtheway.Byputtingyourselffirst,youcanpromoteyourselfconfidenceandfindyourplaceandvalue.Talktoatrustedfriendorfamilymember.Whenyouhabituallypareyourselftoothers,youcanfeelevenmoreinadequateordiscouraged.Discussyourparativebehaviorwithalovedonetoreleaseanynegativebeliefsandhelpyouprocessyouremotions.___40___A.Buildyourselfconfidence.B.Workonimprovingyourab