高中英语北师大版选择性必修四Unit 11 Period 3　Topic Talk Lesson 1-Language Points

Period3TopicTalk&Lesson1—LanguagePointsⅠ.单词拼写1．Ihaddifficultyatfirstrecalling(回想)whywewerethere.2．Hecalledthemseveraltimestoinquire(打听)aboutthejobpossibilities.3．Heprotestedthatthepolicehadarrested(逮捕)himwithoutsufficientevidence.4．I’vepacked(打包)yousomefoodforthejourneysoyouneedn’tbothertobuyit.5．Adoubleroomwithabalconyoverlookingtheseahadbeenreservedforhim.6．I’velearntfrombitter(痛苦的)experiencesnottotrustwhateverhesaysanymore.7．Theirbrainsarescannedsothatresearcherscanmonitortheprogressofthedisease.8．Thepricewassomewhat(有点)higherthanI’dexpected，andthat’swhyIgaveitup.9．Aqualifiedteachershouldneverbeprejudiced(有偏见的)againstanyofhisstudents.10．Pleasetellmeyourflightnumberanddeparturetime，sothatIcanseeyouoffattheairport.Ⅱ.词形变化填空1．ThoughIamalwaysatolerantpersoninmanypeople’sopinion，Ijustcannottoleratestayingwithhimanylonger;hishabitofsmokingisreallybeyondmytolerance.(tolerate)2．Toescapetheracialviolence，theysteppedonasmallboatwhichwasshakingviolentlyinthesea，fleeingawayintoanightwithaviolentstorm.(violent)3．Mygrandmawhousedtobeapleasantoldladyissufferingfromadiseasenow.Topleaseher，wepreparedasurprisepartyforherlastweek，whichmadeherverypleased，sayingwhatapleasureitwastostaywithallofus.(pleased)4．Shemadeanewyearresolutionthatinthecomingyearshewouldtryherbesttoresolvealllifeproblemswithapositiveattitudeandbeamoreresolvedpersonfromthenon.(resolve)5．Itisreallyashamethattheyoungmanmadesuchashamefuldecision，andworsestill，hedidn’tfeelashamedatall.(shame)Ⅲ.完成句子1．她说矗立在街道角落的那所房子是2019年建的。(强调句；现在分词短语作后置定语)Shesaidthatitwasthehousestandingatthecornerofthestreetthatwasbuiltin2019.2．这么小的房间里有这么多人，以至于现在很拥挤。(so...that...)Therearesomanypeopleinsuchasmallroomthatitiscrowdednow.3．假若你将自己的时间利用得更好一些，你本可以学到更多东西的。(if引导的虚拟条件句)Ifyouhadmadebetteruseofyourtime，youmighthavelearnedmore.4．尽管我承认有问题存在，但我不同意这些问题不能解决。(while引导的让步状语从句)WhileIadmitthatthereareproblems，Idon’tagreethattheycannotbesolved.negotiatevi.&vt.谈判，协商(negotiationn．谈判，协商)·negotiatesth达成(交易);确立(合同)negotiatewithsb(forsth)(为了……)与某人谈判/协商·undernegotiation在谈判中，在协商中(1)Wearereadyfordiscussionswithanylegalparty，butwe’llnevernegotiatewithcriminals.(2)ItissaidthattheconflictbetweenRussiaandUkraineisstillundernegotiation(negotiate)．(3)HestayedinFrancefortwoweeks，negotiatinganagreementwithaFrenchcompany.他在法国待了两个星期，与一家法国公司商讨了一项协议。annoyvt.使恼怒，使生气(annoyedadj.恼怒的，生气的，烦恼的annoyingadj.令人气恼的，讨厌的annoyancen．生气，恼怒)·beannoyedwithsb生某人的气beannoyedat/about...因……而烦恼beannoyedtodosth对做某事感到生气·toone’sannoyance令某人生气的是(1)Hermostannoying(annoy)habitiseatingwithhereyesfocusedonherphone.(2)Hemustbeannoyedwithmeforrevealingthathecheatedinthecompetition.(3)Itisnowonderthathewasannoyedat/aboutthosebehaviors，whichwerereallyannoying.(4)让他很气愤的是，他儿子总是违反校规。①Whatannoyedhimmuchwasthathissonwasalwaysbreakingtheschoolrules.(annoyv．)②Tohisgreatannoyance，hissonwasalwaysbreakingtheschoolrules.(annoyancen．)③Hewasextremelyannoyedthathissonwasalwaysbreakingtheschoolrules.(annoyedadj.)ashamedadj.内疚的，惭愧的[shamen．羞耻(心)；羞愧；遗憾的事shamefuladj.可耻的shamelessadj.无耻的，厚颜的]·be/feelashamedof...因……感到惭愧beashamedtodosth耻于做某事beashamedthat...对……感到羞愧·It’sashamethat...……真让人遗憾Whatashame！真可惜！(1)Itwasshameful(shame)thatheshouldtreattheoldmaninsucharudeway.(2)Itisashamethat(很遗憾)therearesomanypeoplewhowastetheirtimecarelessly.(3)Hewasashamedofhisstupidmistakeanddarednotcometoseehisteacher.→Ashamedofhisstupidmistake，hedarednotcometoseehisteacher.(形容词短语作状语)(4)真遗憾！我所有的努力都白费了，我几乎都想放弃了。Whatashame!AllmyeffortsturnouttobeinvainandIalmostwanttogiveup.voten．投票(指行为)；票数；选票；表决vt.&vi.投票；选举·votefor投票支持voteagainst投票反对voteon...就……投票表决votetodosth表决做某事·take/haveavoteon投票表决(1)We’lllistentotheargumentsonbothsidesandthenvoteonthem.(2)Whetheryouvotefororagainsttheplandoesn’tseemtomatterverymuch.(3)Thereweresomedisagreementsaboutthenewplan，sowewillvotetomake(make)thefinaldecision.(4)Aswecan’tagreeonthismatter，let’stake/haveavoteonit.由于在这个问题上我们无法达成一致意见，让我们就此投票表决吧。toleratevt.忍受；忍耐；容忍，容许；宽容(tolerancen．容忍；忍受tolerantadj.宽容的)·toleratedoing/todosth容忍做某事·betolerantof容忍；忍受表示“容忍；忍受”的动词(短语)还有：bear，endure(忍耐)，stand和putupwith等。(1)Noonecantoleratebeingbothered/tobebothered(bother)sofrequentlywithsuchthings.(2)Heisalwaystolerant(tolerate)ofpeople，whichisoneofhismoststrikingstrengths.(3)Weshouldhaveapolicyofzerotolerance(tolerate)fortheproblemoffoodsafety.(4)那些懂得容忍他人的人自然会过上幸福的生活。Thosewhoknowhowtotolerateotherscannaturallyliveahappylife.bothervt.&vi.(使)担心，(使)生气，(使)苦恼n．烦扰；令人烦恼的事或人bothersbwith/aboutsth因某事打扰或麻烦某人bothertodo/doingsth操心做某事Itbotherssbthat/todosth使某人苦恼的是……Don’tbother.不必麻烦。(1)Nowthatyouarenotkeenonthechorus，whybothertoapply/applying(apply)forit?(2)Anyhow，Idon’twanttobothermomwith/aboutmyproblemsatthemoment.(3)Hersondidn’tworkveryhardatschool.Itbotheredhermuch.→Whatbotheredhermuchwasthathersondidn’tworkveryhardatschool.(改成what引导的主语从句)→Itbotheredhermuchthathersondidn’tworkveryhardatschool.(改成it作形式主语)if引导的虚拟条件句教材原句Theflat-ownersaidifhehadknownthatMaMingwasadrummer，hewouldn’thaverentedtheflattohim.房主说他如果知道马明是个鼓手，就不会把房子租给他。(P30)本句是if引导的虚拟条件句，if引导的虚拟条件句分三种情况：·与现在事实相反，从句用过去时(be动词用were)，主句用would/should/could/might＋动词原形。·与过去事实相反，从句用haddone，主句用would/should/could/mighthavedone。·与将来事实相反，从句用过去时(be动词用were)/weretodo/should＋动词原形，主句用would/should/might/could＋动词原形。注意：有时条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作发生的时间不一致，这类句子称为错综时间虚拟语气。此时主从句动词的形式应根据各自所表示的时间进行调整。(1)Ifyoukept(keep)yourroomtidy，thenitwouldn’tbothermesolongtocleanit.(2)Ifwehadbooked(book)atableearlier，wecouldn’tbestandinghereinaqueue.(3)IfIwereyou(如果我是你的话)，Iwouldgivehimsomeencouragementratherthanannoyingscolding.(4)Ifyouhadworkedhardbefore，youwouldhavebeenpromoted(你就会被提拔了)．bedoing...when...教材原句We’dbesittingtherehappilyreadingournewspapers，whensuddenlysomuchwaterwouldcomefromabovethatwe’dbeaswetasifwehadshoweredwithourclotheson!我们本来高兴地坐在阳台看报纸，突然间很多水从天而降，把我们都给浇湿了，就像穿着衣服洗了个澡一样！(P31)本句中的“bedoing...when...”意思是“正在做……就在这时突然……”；when为并列连词，意思是“就在这时(突然)”，相当于andatthis/thattime;常用该结构的句型如下：beabouttodo...when...正要做……这时……beonthepointofdoing...when...正要做……这时……bedoing...when...正在做……这时……hadjustdone...when...刚做了……这时……(1)Wehadjustgotintothehelicopterwhenthehungrybeartoredownthefence.(2)手里拿着罐子，我正匆忙上楼梯，突然我的一只赤脚卡在一个楼梯上。失去了平衡，我努力使自己稳定下来，但是没用。罐子从我的指间滑落，摔在了坚硬如岩石的泥地上。我刚要去捡起地上的玻璃碎片，就听到妈妈的声音传来，“发生了什么？”Withthejarinmyhands,Iwaswalkingupstairsinahurrywhenoneofmybarefeetwascaughtononestair.Losingbalance，Itriedtosteadymyself，butinvain.Thejarslippedthroughmyfingersandsmashedonthehard-as-rockmudfloor.Iwasabouttopickup/wasonthepointofpickingupthepiecesofglassonthefloorwhenIheardmymom’svoice，“What’shappening？”Ⅰ.一词多义arrestA.逮捕，拘捕B.阻止，抑制C.吸引1．Theyfailedtoarrestthecompany’sdecline.B2．Iwaswalkinginthestreetwhensomethingnoisyarrestedmyattention.C3．Itissaidthatsomepeoplewerearrestedforspreadingfalseinformation.AresolveA.解决v.B.决定，决心v.C.决心；决定的信念n.4．Lookingatthelist，Ifeltmyresolvebegantoweaken.C5．Thetwosideshaveattemptedtoresolvetheconflictinapeacefulway，butinvain.A6．Insteadofresolvingtoloseweight，tryanmanageableresolutionlike“I’llstophavingdessertforlunch”．BpackA.n.大背包B.v.收拾行李C.v.包装易损物品D.v.挤进，塞进E.n.一群动物7．Hepackedabagwithafewthingsandwasoffwithouthesitation.B8．Thepaintingswerecarefullypackedinnewspapertheotherday.C9．Whenwewenttothepicnic，weallpackedtogetherintothecar.D10．Wepassedagroupofwalkersonthetrail，carryinghugepacks.A11．Asweallknow，wolveshuntinginpacksaregreatthreatsofsheep.EⅡ.熟词生义1．SixofZindel’sbookshavebeenvotedtheBestBooksforYoungAdults.投票评选为2．Asabotanist，hetakesnotesonthepropertiesofanyplantheencountered.特性3．HewasoneofmyremotecousinswhomIhavenevermetbefore.关系较远的4．Mosttravelagentsarepreparedtotailortravelarrangementstomeetindividualrequirements.定做5．Walkingaroundthepond，Isawadogstaredatmeandthenedgedalittleclosertome.渐渐移动Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Thewolveshavebeenhowlingontheedgeoftheforestforhours.2．Hehasalwaysbeenverykeenondoingphysicalexercisebutneverkeepsit.3．Ican’tthankyoutoomuchbecausewithoutyourhelpIwouldn’thavewonthefirstprize.4．Theyhavereceivednonewsofhimsincehisdeparture(depart)fromtheisland.5．Oneoftheirneighborshaswrittentocomplainof/aboutthesoundofthepiano.6．Youwillneedtocompletethreewrittenassignments(assign)eachsemester.7．Doctorsissuedawarning(warn)againsteatinganyfishcaughtintheriver.8．Weapologiseforthedelayandanyinconvenience(convenient)itmayhavecaused.9．Thetwosideswillnevercompromisewitheachother，soafurtherconflictisunavoidable.10．Whattheywillneverceasedoing(do)istorevealtheunfairnessandprejudiceagainstthepoor.Ⅱ.选词填空eq\x(takeaction，introuble，haveaninfluenceon，blowout，intheend)1．Thelittleboyshoutingsoloudlyforhelpmustbeintrouble，soIswambacktosavehim.2．Witheconomicdevelopmentandpopulationgrowth，thecitysizegrowslargerandlarger，whichhasabadinfluenceonthefarmland.3．Thevillagersurgedthegovernmenttotakeactiontostopit.4．Heblewoutthecandleafterhewenttobed.5．Intheend，theconfidentplayerdefeatedtheothersandwonthefinalgame.Ⅲ.单句写作(应用文写作——送陌生老人去医院)1．我跟朋友正走在街上，这时突然看到一个老人躺在地上。(bedoing...when...)Iwaswalkinginthestreetwithmyfriendwhenwesawanoldmanlyingontheground.2．遗憾的是，那种情况下竟然没有人帮他。(Itisashamethat...)Itwasashamethatnobodycametohelphiminthatcase.3．我们对人们表现出的冷漠与无情感到很愤怒。(annoyed)Wewereannoyedatpeople’sindifferenceandcoldness.4．与朋友简单商议了一下，我们很快就将老人送往了医院。(negotiate)Havingbrieflynegotiatedwithmyfriend，werushedhimtohospitalquickly.5．医生说如果老人没被及时送往医院，后果将会很严重。(if引导虚拟条件句)Thedoctorsaidthatiftheoldmanhadn’tbeensenttohospitalintime，therewouldhavebeenseriousresults.Ⅳ.阅读理解Mostpeopleenjoyvariety.Weliketoeatdifferentfoodsfrommealtomeal.Weweardifferentclothes.Weliketotrynewactivitiesandvisitnewplaces.Webecomeboredwhenthereislittlevariety.Nevertheless，there’soneplacewherewetendtodislikevariety，andthat’sineachother.Weoftenfeeluncomfortablewithpeoplewhopractisedifferenthabits，orholdbeliefsorvaluesthatwedonotshare.Therearereasonsforthis.Whenweareexposedtonewanddifferentthings，ourbrainworksabitharderthanusual.Whenwe’relearning，ournervecellsrequiremoreresources，suchaswater，salt，andvariousotherchemicals.Thisextrametabolic(新陈代谢)activitycanfeelunsettlingandunpleasant.Anditcanfeelworseifournervoussystemisalreadyunderpressure，likeinthemidstofthepandemic.Thissortofvariationmaybeuncomfortableforindividuals，butit’scriticaltothesurvivalofanyspecies.Ifallfinches(雀科鸣鸟)wereidentical，forexample，andtheirenvironmentchangedinsomesignificant，harmfulways，likeanincreaseinthetemperatureoradecreaseinwater，allofthemwouldbeequallyaffectedandthespeciesmightbecomeextinct.ThisinsightintovariationcomesfromCharlesDarwin，andit’sknownaspopulationthinking.MostpeopleassociateDarwinwithhisevolutionarytheoryofnaturalselection，butpopulationthinkingmaybeanevengreaterscientificachievement.Theideaof“survivalofthefittest”impliesthatindividualsmustvary.Somearemoresuitedthanothersforagivenenvironment，makingiteasierforthemtosurvive，grow，andreproduce.Variationisthereforeaprerequisitefornaturalselectiontowork.Dealingwiththevastvarietyofhumankindcanbedemandingandevenannoyingattimes，butit’sagoodinvestment，sortoflikeexerciseforyourbrain.Whenyoumeetsomeonewholooksdifferentorthinksdifferentlyfromyou，treatyourdiscomfortasacuetobecuriousandlearninsteadofasignalofaproblem.Don’tholdtheviewthattheotherpersonshouldbesilenced.Ultimately，thismindsetcanmakeyoumoreflexibleinadaptingtochallengingsituations，andmoreadaptabletochange.语篇解读本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了为什么我们应该与和自己不同的人相处并且给出了原因。1．Whichofthefollowingmightmakepeoplefeeluncomfortable?A．Havinganadventureinthewild.B．Takingatriptoaforeigncountry.C．Sharingtravelingexperienceswithothers.D．Socializingwithpeoplefromdiversecultures.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第一段中“Weoftenfeeluncomfortablewithpeoplewhopractisedifferenthabits，orholdbeliefsorvaluesthatwedonotshare.”可知，与来自不同文化背景的人交往会让人感到不舒服。故选D。2．Whatdoesthesecondparagraphfocuson?A．People’sunwillingnesstodealwithnewthings.B．Thesignificanceoflearningnewthingsinourlife.C．Thebiologicalexplanationsforpeople’sdiscomfort.D．Theroleofthenervoussysteminlearningnewthings.答案C解析段落大意题。根据第一段可知，与来自不同文化背景的人交往会让人感到不舒服。根据第二段第一句“Therearereasonsforthis.”可知，本段是对这一现象产生的原因的解释。结合后文说这种额外的代谢活动会让人感到不安和不愉快。故第二段主要讲的是人们感到不舒服的生物学解释。故选C。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prerequisite”inparagraph3probablymean?A．Requirement. B．Substitute.C．Motivation. D．Challenge.答案A解析词义猜测题。画线词所在句的前一句讲的是有些物种比其他物种更适合特定的环境，意味着个体必须有所不同。因此，变异是自然选择起作用的先决条件。故猜测画线单词prerequisite意为“先决条件，前提条件”。故选A。4．Whatdoesthewritermainlywanttoconvey?A．Whywetendtochaseandenjoyvariation.B．Howwecanbenefitfromseekingvariation.C．Howweshouldtreatthedifferenceswefindinothers.D．Whyweshouldgetalongwithpeopledifferentfromus.答案D解析推理判断题。通读全文并结合最后一段可知，与形形色色的人打交道有时会很费力，但也能锻炼大脑。与和自己不同的人交往，更能适应变化。由此推知，作者主要想表达的是为什么我们应该与和自己不同的人相处。故选D。Ⅴ.完形填空Canyourememberthefirsttimeyoureceivedagenerousact?Ican’t，butI1rememberthefirsttimeIunderstoodthemeaningofgenerosity.IwasinGradeFour.Fredwasaboyinmyclasswholivedindifficultconditions.Hisparentscouldn’taffordtobuyhimallthestationary(文具)thatheneeded，andoneofthebasicitemshe2wascoloredpencils.Soeverytimeweneededtousecoloredpencils，Fredwould3someofmine.Knowingthis，mymothersaiditmusthavebeenhardforhimtoalways4others.Insteadofdrivinghome，shedrovedirectlytothecloseststationeryshopandhadme5someforFred.ThenextdayIwassenttoschoolwiththesethingsandwastoldtogivethemtoFredin6；Ishouldn’tcauseFredtofeel7，butshouldjustgivethemtohimandtellhimtheywerehisto8.Receivingthese，Fredlooked9atfirst，thenhappyandproud.Hehadhisownstationery!Tome，it’sokaytoletFredusemypencils.However，mymomrealizedwhata10itwouldmakeforFredtohavehisown.Generosityis11anopportunitytodosomethingwithinyour12.Besides，it’sneverlimitedtomaterialthings.Thinkingcreativelyandsharing13tohelpothersfindsolutionsarealsoactsofgenerosity.Givesomeoneyourtimeand14bylisteningmindfully.Moreimportantly，itisn’tdoingsomethingtobeseenbutgivingwithno15ofanythinginexchange.语篇解读这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者在四年级的时候在母亲的引导下给予同学弗雷德文具的善意举动，这使作者第一次懂得了慷慨的含义。1．A.vaguely B．hardlyC．clearly D．typically答案C解析根据下文的描述可知，作者清晰地记得第一次懂得慷慨的含义。故选C。2．A.owned B．lostC．mentioned D．lacked答案D解析根据前文“Hisparentscouldn’taffordtobuyhimallthestationary(文具)thatheneeded”可知，他的家庭买不起他需要的所有文具，所以此处指他缺的东西就是彩色铅笔。故选D。3．A.borrow B．collectC．show D．exchange答案A解析根据前文可知，弗雷德家里买不起文具，所以此处指当他需要的时候，他就会借用作者的铅笔。故选A。4．A.testout B．relyonC．cheerfor D．appealto答案B解析根据前文“everytimeweneededtousecoloredpencils，Fredwouldsomeofmine”可知，每次他需要彩色铅笔时就会借用作者的，所以此处指依赖他人。故选B。5．A.design B．rememberC．select D．recommend答案C解析结合前文“shedrovedirectlytothecloseststationeryshop”可知，此处指妈妈让作者给弗雷德挑一些文具。故选C。6．A.caution B．personC．return D．secret答案D解析根据下文“Ishouldn’tcauseFredtofeel...”可知，此处指让作者秘密地给弗雷德，insecret“秘密地，悄悄地”，故选D。7．A.surprised B．confusedC．embarrassed D．disappointed答案C解析根据下文“justgivethemtohimandtellhimtheywerehis...”可知，这样做是为了不让弗雷德感到尴尬。故选C。8．A.present B．keepC．notice D．treasure答案B解析根据上下文可知，告诉弗雷德这些东西是他的，那么他就可以保留这些文具。故选B。9．A.uncertain B．unawareC．pleasant D．urgent答案A解析结合语境可知，拿到这些文具是弗雷德没有预料到的，所以一开始他觉得不确定。故选A。10．A.fortune B．differenceC．name D．commitment答案B解析makeadifference“有影响，起(重要)作用”，此处指拥有自己的文具对弗雷德是重要的。故选B。11．A.offering B．missingC．bringing D．finding答案D解析根据下文“anopportunitytodosomething”可知，此处指找到做一些事情的机会，故选D。12．A.responsibility B．capabilityC．availability D．possibility答案B解析根据前文内容可知，作者的妈妈带作者到文具店帮弗雷德买文具，这是在作者妈妈能力之内的事情。故选B。13．A.wisdom B．benefitC．contribution D．approval答案A解析根据下文“tohelpothersfindsolutions”可知，此处指分享智慧。故选A。14．A.politeness B．permissionC．attention D．curiosity答案C解析根据下文“bylisteningmindfully”可知，倾听的时候要投入注意力。故选C。15．A.argument B．hesitationC．doubt D．expectation答案D解析结合下文“anythinginexchange”可知，此处指慷慨的给予不期望用任何东西作交换。故选D。Ⅵ.语法填空(2023·全国甲卷)Forthousandsofyears，peoplehavetoldfables(寓言)1.(teach)alessonortopassonwisdom.Fableswerepartoftheoraltraditionofmanyearlycultures，andt