高一英语必修三第一单元重要知识点讲解重要词汇语法等

Unit1重要单词，词组讲解1.mean的用法WhatdoyoumeantodowithitIdidn’tmeantohurtyou.1）meantodo意欲做Thismeansstayingherelonger.Missingthetrainmeanswaitingforanotherhour.2）meandoing意味着做Heisnotmeantforateacherandwillalwaysbeunhappyintheschool.Bemeantfor适合做他说他不适合读书因为懒。Hesayshe_________________astudentforhislaziness.这次考试失败意味着要再考一次。Failingthisexam___________________anotherone.我并不是故意迟到的。Ididn’t____________belateforschool.2.celebratevt.(1)

庆祝；祝贺celebrateChristmas/one’sbirthday/avictory(成功)(2)

赞扬；称颂Thenamesofmanyheroesarecelebratedbythepoets.词语辨析：celebrate,congratulatecelebrate后常接日期,事情或场合congratulate后常接人表示为某事而祝贺某人congratulatesb.on/uponsth.ex：congratulateyouonyourmarriage.有时还表示私自庆幸的意思。ex：Icongratulatedmyselfonmyescapefrombeingpunished.3.英语中表示“发生”的词或短语均为不和物，不用于被动语态。主语为所发生的事。词语辨析：takeplace,happen,occur,comeabout,breakout的比较Theweddingwilltakeplacetomorrow.2）In1919,theMay4thMovementtookplaceinChina.takeplace发生,举行;侧重安排或计划而发生的事,带有“非偶然”的意思3)Whathashappenedtoher？碰巧，恰好happen“发生”，普通用词，含义很广。常指具体客观事物或情况的发生，含有“偶然”的意味。当以具体事物、事件作主语时，happen和occur可以换用；但当happen用作“碰巧”之意时，不能用occur代替，但可以与comeabout互换。4)Ithappenedtorainthatday.5)ThetrafficaccidentoccurredonWednesday.occur“发生，出现”,较正式用词，指事情偶然地、意外地发生或思想突然浮在心头。occurto有“想起”的意思。6)TheSecondWorldWarbrokeoutin1939.breakout(火灾、战争、疾病)突然发生、爆发7)Howdoesitcomeaboutthatyouwerecaughtbythepolicecomeabout“发生”,往往注重事情发生的原因。且很多时候与how连用。与happen用法较接近用takeplace,happen和comeabout的正确形式填空TheMay4thMovement_____________in1919.Ifanything___________tothemachine,letmeknowatonce.Theopeningdayoftheplay___________tomorrownight.Canyoutellmehowit___________4.starve:vt.使饿死vi.饿得要死starvetodeathbestarvedof/starvefor:渴望她很寂寞，渴望友谊：Sheislonely,starvingforfriendship.Themotherlesschildrenwerestarvedof/werestarvingforaffection.渴望母爱他们在沙漠中迷路而饿死。他们正急需一大笔钱来完成工作。Theygotlostinthedesertand____________________.Theyare_____________asumofmoneytofinishtheirwork.n.starvation饿死：dieof____________5.ayear/dayofplenty富裕/丰收的月days/yearsofplenty——Havewegotenoughapples——Yes,thereareplentyinthebasket.plentyof+复数n/不可数nplentyofeggs/food/milk…足够的…6.honour1)光荣，荣誉(n)Theyfightforthehonourofthecountry.Onemustshowhonourtoone’sparents.2)inhonourof为了纪念Afestivalissetinhonourofthehero.3)anhounour光荣的人或事情LiuXiangisanhonourtoourcountry.4)尊敬,给以荣誉（v）Childrenshouldhonourtheirparents.7.satisfyVt.Vi.使满意，使满足Nothingcansatisfyhimexceptthebest.Somepeoplearereallyhardtosatisfy.sb.besatisfiedwith对…满意e.g.She’snotsatisfiedwithhernewhouse.令人满意的：satisfying,satisfactory满意：satisfaction8.pleaseVt使愉快，取悅…Itisdifficulttopleaseeverybody.Ouraimistopleasethecustomers.pleased(人)高兴的…愉快的Pleasing(物)令人愉快的pleasant(物)好听的，令人舒服的pleasure高兴的事情听到她悦耳的声音我们很高兴.Weare_________tohearher___________voice.Itissucha___________tous.Iwasvery_________tohearthenews.Thenewswasvery___________tous.9.harmn损害，伤害e.g.Hemeantnoharmtoyou.(Hedidn’tintendtohurtyou.)dosbharm=doharmtosb=harmsbTheeventshasharmedtherelationsbetweenthetwocountries.10.Theyofferfood,flowersandgift….词语辨析：offer,provide,supplyoffer主动提供。offersthtosb;offersbsthprovide供给（所需物，尤指生活必需品）。providesth(forsb);providesbwithsth.supply:供应（所需要或所要求之物）。supplysthtosb;supplysbwithsthWhenImeetdifficulty,myroommateswill_____mehelp.他们悬赏找回丢失的珠宝。They_______arewardforthereturnofthelostjewels.政府得提供这些老人们吃穿。Thegovernmentneedto_________theseoldpeoplewithfoodandclothes.每个月都得供应足够的电。Electricityshouldbe_________enougheverymonth.11.inmemoryof=tothememoryofsbThemuseumwasbuiltinmemoryofthefamousscientist.inhonorofinchargeofinsearchofsb./sth.dressup盛装打扮，化装打扮Youdon’thavetodressup.Comeasyouare.ChildrenlovedressingupinHalloween.dressoneself给某人自己穿衣dresssb给某人穿衣服你认识穿着白色裙子的那个女孩吗？DoyouknowthegirlwhoisdressedinawhiteskirtDoyouknowthegirlwhoiswearingawhiteskirtDoyouknowthegirlwhohasonawhiteskirt选词填空：weardresshaveonputonMydaughterisnowabletoherself.Mr.WualwaysabluecoatinWinter.3.XiaoWangawhiteshirttoday.4.IliketomyhatwhenIgooutinWinter.13.awardn.奖品，奖项，奖金,助学金……Sheshowedustheawardsshehadwon.Marygotanawardandwasabletofinishherstudy.vt.授予……裁定……awardsbsth=awardsthtosbThejudgesawardedbothteamsequalpoints.reward回报,报酬他因为努力学习而受奖。他用100块钱酬谢这个工人。He______________forstudyinghard.He____________theworkerwith100yuan.14.admiresb/sth(for…)钦佩，羡慕Theyadmiredourgarden.Iadmirehimforhissuccessinbusiness.我们都钦佩他的勇气和胆识。Weall________________hiscourageandbravery.admiration名词admirable形容词15.lookforwardto(介词)+n/v-ing盼望，期待I’mlookingforwardtohiscoming.以下短语中的to也为介词，后面加doing，而不是dopayattentionto注意devote…to致力于preferto更加喜欢getdownto开始做beusedto习惯于--ward向着…方向backward向后forward向前16.asthough=asif好像，仿佛虚拟语气(从句所用的时态比前面真实句所用的时态倒退一个时态.)Hebehavedasif/thoughnothinghadhappened.Hetalksasif/thoughhekneweverything.Helooksasifhewereill.2.陈述语气（表示很可能的事实就用陈述语气,)Itlooksasif/thoughitisgoingtorain.1.）他向我招手好像有事情告诉我。Hewavedtomeasiftotellmesomething.2.）这女孩环顾四周好像在找什么东西。Thegirllookedaroundasifinsearchofsomething.3.)他说起来好像他是一个专家似的。Hetalksasifhe____anexpert.4.)他英语讲得很流利，就像在英国学的一样。HespokeEnglishsofluentlyasifhe______itinEngland.5.)看起来我们对要赢了。Itlooksasifourteam_______________.17.turnup1)appear出现,露面他到目前还没有出现。He__________________sofar.你总是迟到!(做事慢慢吞吞的)You’realways__________lateforeverything!2)调大声音，把...开大点儿请把火调大一点。Please_________thefire.相关短语:turndown关小，拒绝turnoff关掉turnon打开turnout结果是turntosb.forhelp向某人求助keepone’sword守信用,遵守诺言breakone’sword违背诺言inaword简言之inotherwords换句话说haveawordwithsb.与某人交谈havewordswithsb.(aboutsth.)关于某事与某人争吵我想和你谈一下。I’dliketo___________withyou.Agentlemanshouldalways__his__.A.keeps;wordB.keep;wordC.keeps;wordsD.keep;words19.holdone’sbreath屏息当那个女孩看到那条蛇的时候，她屏住呼吸。Thegirl_____________atthesightofthesnake.takebreath呼吸loseone’sbreath=beoutofbreath喘不过气来breathev.breathn.Whenwegottothetopofthemountain,wewerenearly_________.A.underourbreathB.lostourbreathC.caughtourbreathD.outofbreath20.apologize道歉apologizetosbfor(doing)sth=saysorrytosbfordoingsth你必须为你的粗鲁行为向老师道歉。Youmustapologize_______theteacher________beingsorude.apologyn.makeanapologytosbfor(doing)sth.21.drown(drowned,drowned)浸、泡,淹没,淹死洪水淹没了街道和房子。Thefloods___________thestreetsandhouses.借…消愁drownone’ssorrow/sadnessin…drownone’ssorrow/sadnessincoffeeFranktriedtosavethe___________girlintheriver,butunfortunatelyhewas_______.A.drowned;drowningB.drowning;drownedC.drowned;drownedD.drowning;drowning22.ItwasobviousthatthemanagerofthecoffeeshopwaswaitingforLiFangtoleave...obviousadj.明显的，清楚的▲It+be+obvious+that-clauseItwasobviousthatshewasindanger.23.wipe(wiped,wiped)Vt擦，擦去wipeoff抹掉，擦掉wipeup擦干净，歼灭Thestudentsonduty____________theblackboardduringbreak.WipedthewordsoffB.washedC.CleanedD.AandCcleantheblackboardwipethewordsofftheblackboard24.remindsb.ofsth提醒某人某事remindsb.todosthremindsb.that…1)他提醒我那个承诺。Heremindedmeofmypromise.2)他提醒我要早起。Heremindedmetogetupearly.3)他提醒我本应该小心点。HeremindedthatIshouldhavebeenmorecareful.25.AsLiFangsetoffforhome,hethought...setoff:动身,出发;(侧重去某一个地方）；使（地雷、炸弹）爆炸;TomandhisfathersetoffforAmericayesterday.Thebombsetoffamongthecrowd.相关短语：setaboutdoingsth.=setouttodosth着手（做某事）26.用custom,practice和habitIhavethe_______ofgettingupearly.Itisthe________fortheJapanesetotakeofftheirshoeswhentheygetintoahall.Social___________differfromcountrytocountry.Hemakesa_________ofcheatingatexaminations.Weshouldpay_______whenweimportfromabroad.#.custom指传统风俗、习俗，也可指生活习惯，后接不定式。#.practice习俗，惯例;与custom近义，但含贬义。makeapracticeof…惯常做某事。#.habit生活习惯，后接ofdoing,不可接不定式。选词填空：worldwide/permission/apologize/drown/sadness/wipe/weep/forgive/obvious/turnup/keepone’sword/holdone’sbreath/setoff/remind…of…1)Youshouldn’ttellsuchlies.2)Theyenteredtheareawithout.3)Thepoormanishissorrows.4)Hisfameis.5)Themanshouldtoyouforknockingyoudown.6)Hecan’thimselffornotseeinghismotherbeforeshedied.7)Heisalwayswaitingforsomethingto.8)Thechildrenarefireworksinthegarden.9)Youmaydependonwhathesays,forheisapersonwhoalways.10)Theracewassoclosethateveryonewasatthefinish.11)ThefilmhimwhathehadseeninChina.选用下列单词的正确形式填空：ancestorbeliefgatheragriculturaladmireawardstarvemeanShehasbeena_______ascholarshiptostudyatHarvard.2.Thea_______ofwhomIamproudestismygreatgrandfather.3.Whenaboyleavescollegeandbeginstoearnmoney,hecanlivealifeofi____________.4.Darkcloudswereg________inthesky.Heavyrainwouldcomesoon.5.Iliketotakesomee________exerciseatweekends.6.A__________inthiscountryhasdevelopedgreatlyafterliberation.用下列短语造句：inmemoryofdressupasifplayatrickonlookforwardtodayandnighthavefunwith1.Acelebrationwasheld____________________________(为了纪念这位著名的作家).2.Childrenlove__________(打扮).3.Thenaughtystudents______________________________(正在和他们的老师玩恶作剧).4.Iam___________________________(盼望着见到他).5.Thethreementookturnsdrivingthetruck,and___________________________________(他们夜以继日地驾驶了三天).6.Itlooks_______________________________________(好像他们都很着急).7.AttheSpringFestivalinChina,peoplelovetogettogethertoeat,drinkand_____________________(彼此都玩得很开心).语法：情态动词情态助动词有十三个：may,might;can,could;will,would;shall,should;must,need,dare,usedto,oughtto.·HYPERLINK情态动词的语法特征1）情态动词不能单独做谓语，除ought

和have

外，后面只能接不带to

的不定式。2）情态动词没有人称，数的变化，但有些情态动词，如can、will也有一般式和过去式的变化。3）情态动词的“时态”形式并不是时间区别的主要标志，不少情况下，情态动词的现在式形式和过去式形式都可用来表示现在时间、过去时间和将来时间。can,could和beableto的用法1.can,beableto都可表示“能力”Can的主语是人或物,beableto的主语是人Shecan/beabletosingthesonginEnglish.Thismachinecanmakeyoufeelcomfortable.2.can只用于现在式和过去式(could)。be

able

to可以用于各种时态。We’llbeabletofinishtheworksoon.Ihaven’tbeenabletoseethefilm.could用于表示泛指过去的能力。如：

I

could

read

when

I

was

four.Althoughthesoldierwasbadlywounded,hewasabletotellwhathadhappened.Sheranfastbutshecouldn’t/wasn’tabletocatchthebus.3.表示特定的某一过去能力或表示成功地做了某事时，只能用was/were

able

to，不能用could。He

was

able

to

flee

Europe

before

the

war

broke

out.

He

was

able

to

swim

halfway

before

he

got

tired.4.could不表示时态,表示委婉的请求，（注意在回答中不可用could）。CouldIhavealookatyournotebookYes,youcan./No,

you

can't.5.表示“惊异,怀疑,不相信”的态度(主要用于否定句,疑问句和感叹句中)CanthisnewsbetrueHowcanyoubesofoolishItcan’tbeMary.Shehasfallenill.6.表示推测，译为“可能、或许”，can常用于否定句(意思是"不可能已经")和疑问句；could除用于否定句和疑问句外,还可用于一定句(意思是"那时可能;本来可以")。Lindadidn’tcatchthetrain.Shecouldhavecaughtit.Don't

worry.They

could

have

just

forgotten

to

phone.HYPERLINKmayHYPERLINK和HYPERLINKmight1.may和might用于一般问句中表示委婉的请求,一定回答用may,否定用mustn’t---MayIuseyourpencil---Yes,youmay./No,youmustn’t.2.may和might表示“可能性”,may/might+v指现在或将来可能发生的动作情况。might暗示的可能性更小Shemaynotbeworkingnow.Johnmightbeathomenow.3.对过去发生的事情的可能性作出判断用may/mighthavedone,用might比用may的可能性更小Shemay/mighthavegonetothecinema.Theymay/mightnothavereceivedourtelephone.4.may

放在句首祈使句，表示祝愿。Mayyousucceed!May

God

bless

you!Will和would1.will和would表示意愿、意志，可用于各种人称IfyouwillhelpmewithmyEnglish,Iwillbeveryhappy.IpromisedthatIwoulddomybest.2.在疑问句中,will用于第二人称,表示请求或征求意见,would则语气更委婉Willyoutellhimthenewsassoonashecomesback？Wouldyoupleasespeakagainmoreslowly？shall,should和oughtto1.shall用于第二、三人称表示允诺、警告、命令、决心等。YoushalldoasIsay.(命令)Tellhimthatheshallhavethebooktomorrow.(允诺)Nothingshallstopmedoingit.(决心)2.在疑问句中,用于第一、三人称，用来表示请求或征求意见。ShallIopenthewindowforyou？（征求意见）Shallhefetchsomewaterforyou？（请求）3.should常表示劝告、建议、命令，与oughtto意义相近，但oughtto多表示责任、义务，语气强烈。在疑问句中通常用should代替oughtto。Youngpeopleshouldlearnhowtousecomputers.Everycitizenoughttoobeylaw.Yououghtnottogo.4.should/oughttohavedone表示责备或批评,意为“本应该做到…但没有做到…”,用于否定则表示“本不该…但”oughtto的语气更强烈.Youshould/oughttohavetoldherthetruthearlier.Sheshouldn’thaveleftwithoutsayingaword.HYPERLINKmustHYPERLINK和HYPERLINKhave

to1.Must用于一般问句中,一定回答用must否定式用needn’t或don’thaveto，做

“不必”,mustn’t表示“禁止，不允许”

—Must

I

finish

all

assignments

at

a

time

—Yes,youmust.No,

you

needn't.You

mustn’t

get

down

while

the

car

is

still

moving.2.表示“必须”这个意思时，must

和have

to

稍有区别。must着重说明主观看法，have

to

强调客观需要。另外，have

to

能用于更多时态。Idon’tlikethisTVset.Wemustbuyanewone.Therewasnomorebus.Theyhadtowalkhome.3.must表示对某人某事的猜测，作“准是”，“一定”，一般用于一定句中。对过去发生的事情作一定判断用musthavedone

You

must

be

the

new

teacher.

He

must

be

joking.There

is

nobody

here.

They

must

have

allgone

home.4.Must表示“偏要，硬要”，指做令人不快的事情Hemust