2023-2024学年广东省大湾区高三下二模联考英语试题(解析版)

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE2广东省大湾区2023-2024学年高三下二模联考英语试题第一部分略第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AInthisissue,weofferupasmalltasteofavastandattractiveculinary(烹饪的)region—fromclassicdishesandtreasuredinstitutionstopioneeringchefsandnewdirections.Hereiswhatsomeofthecontributorswanttosaytoyou.PatrickHanlonAlthoughthereisalotofseaweedaroundIreland’scoast,itwasn’talwaysliked.However,it’snowbecomingincreasinglypopularasakeypartintraditionalIrishfood.ThedishIenjoyedwhilelookingoutovertheAtlanticinConnemaraperfectlyshowedhowpopularseaweedhasbecomelately.CONNEMARA,P8MikeJordanI’matrueSoutherner:borninNashville,raisedinHuntsville,Alabama,andnowbasedinAtlanta.IlovedtalkingtobrilliantSouthernchefslikeMashamaBaileyandRodneyScott,whorepresenttheregion’sincrediblediversityanduniqueculture,andtellnewstoriesthroughtheircuisine.SOUTHERNSTATES,P48SianMeadesWilliamsWhenIvisitedSantorinitofindoutmoreaboutvinsanto,thelocaldessertwine,itwasthepowerfulwomenwinemakersthatreallyimpressedme.They’reworkinghardtomakerealchangeintheindustry,andtheirlovefortheisland,itsproduceandtheircommunityrunsthrougheverythingtheydo.SANTORINI,P66CeciliaHae-JinLeeTheculinaryhistoryofanycountryisfullofdepthandsurprises.SharingthestoryofbibimbaprevealsonlyasmallpartofthebeautifulandtroubledhistoryofmyhomecountryofKorea,withitsrollingcountryside,dramaticmountainsandweather-beatenfishingboats.BIBIMBAP,P761.WhowritesaboutthecuisineoftheSouthernstates?A.PatrickHanlon. B.MikeJordan.C.SianMeadesWilliams. D.CeciliaHae-JinLee.2.WhatimpressedSianMeadesWilliamsduringhervisittoSantorini?A.Thediversityofcultures. B.Thelocaldessertwine.C.Thepopularityofseaweed. D.Thefemalewinemakers.3.OnwhichpagecanwereadaboutKorea’sculinaryhistory?A.P8. B.P48. C.P66. D.P76.【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章主要列举了四名撰稿人对于各地美食的介绍。〖答案〗1.B2.D3.D【1题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“IlovedtalkingtobrilliantSouthernchefslikeMashamaBaileyandRodneyScott,whorepresenttheregion’sincrediblediversityanduniqueculture,andtellnewstoriesthroughtheircuisine.(我喜欢与MashamaBailey和RodneyScott等杰出的南方厨师交谈，他们代表了该地区令人难以置信的多样性和独特的文化，并通过他们的烹饪讲述了新的故事)”可知，迈克·乔丹写的是南方各州的美食。故选B。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“WhenIvisitedSantorinitofindoutmoreaboutvinsanto,thelocaldessertwine,itwasthepowerfulwomenwinemakersthatreallyimpressedme.(当我去圣托里尼岛寻找更多关于当地甜点酒vinsanto的信息时，给我留下深刻印象的是那些强大的女性酿酒师)”可知，希恩·米德斯·威廉姆斯在圣托里尼岛旅行时，女酿酒师给她留下了深刻的印象。故选D。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Theculinaryhistoryofanycountryisfullofdepthandsurprises.SharingthestoryofbibimbaprevealsonlyasmallpartofthebeautifulandtroubledhistoryofmyhomecountryofKorea,withitsrollingcountryside,dramaticmountainsandweather-beatenfishingboats.BIBIMBAP,P76(任何国家的烹饪历史都充满了深度和惊喜。分享拌饭的故事只揭示了我的祖国韩国美丽而动荡的历史的一小部分，这里有起伏的乡村、引人注目的山脉和饱经风霜的渔船。石锅拌饭，第76页)”可知，第76页我们可以读到韩国的烹饪历史。故选D。BAmericanshaveadopteddogsinrecordnumbersinthepandemic(流行病),andwereallydon’tlikeleavingournewfamilymembershomeontheirown.Weworrythatthey’llbelonely,orworse,chewthefurniture.Soweask:Whatwouldwewanttodoifwewereathomewithnothingtodo?WatchTV,ofcourse.DogTV,achannelfordogs,hasbeenavailableintheUnitedStatessince2012.LastmonthitexpandedtoreachdogsinEngland,AustraliaandNewZealandandisnowavailablein14countries.Unsurprisingly,morethan80percentofthechannel’ssubscribersareAmericans,whomakeupthelargestpetmarketintheworld.AccordingtoRonLevi,thefounderofDogTV,thereisasignificantamountofseparationanxietyamongpetowners.DogTVwascreatedtoprovidesensoryandvisualstimulationthatcanhelpreducethisanxiety.Levicameupwiththeideaforthechannelin2006whenherealizedthatdogsarehighlysocialanimalsandoftenstrugglewhenleftaloneathome.Thus,hedecidedtofocusontheirneeds.WhilesomeanimalbehavioristsadvocatefortheuseoftoysandpuzzlesinsteadofTV,othersbelievethatcertaintypesofprogrammingcanbebeneficialwhenthereisnothingelsegoingon.ForpetownerslikeSageRandall,whogotanewdognamedCarrotCakein2020tokeephercompanywhileworkingathome,theguiltofleavingapetalonecanbegreat.ShelaughedwhenafriendadvisedhertogetDogTVandthoughtitwascrazytoevenimagineadogactuallysittingstilltowatchtelevision.However,shetrieditandwasshockedthatCarrotCakeenjoyedwatchingthedifferentlandscapesandseeingotherdogsplaying.AlthoughDogTVmaynotbeaperfectsolutionforeverypetowner,itprovidesaninterestinglookathowtechnologyisbeingusedtoaddresstheneedsofdogs.Asforwhetherdogsactuallyenjoytelevisionorifwearesimplyfindingcomfortinprovidingthemwiththisveryhumanformofentertainment,thatremainsanopenquestion.4.Whoismostlikelytobetheauthorofthisarticle?A.Adogowner. B.Amobilesubscriber.C.Ananimalbehaviorist. D.AnAmericanmarketer.5.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph2?A.Americanslikedogsbest. B.Thepetmarketisgrowing.C.Dogscosttheirownersalot. D.DogTVisgainingpopularity.6.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.Howdogs’needsaremet. B.WhyDogTVwascreated.C.Whatworriespetowners. D.Whofoundedthechannel.7.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioningSageRandall?A.Tocomparedifferentwaysoftreatingdogs. B.Toexplaindogs’fondnessforwatchingTV.C.Toillustratetheattitudeofsomepetowners. D.Toshowtheeffectoftechnologyonanimals.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了随着美国养狗的人越来越多，狗狗频道DogTV开始流行起来。〖答案〗4.A5.D6.B7.C【4题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Americanshaveadopteddogsinrecordnumbersinthepandemic(流行病),andwereallydon’tlikeleavingournewfamilymembershomeontheirown.Weworrythatthey’llbelonely,orworse,chewthefurniture.(在疫情期间，美国人收养狗的数量创历史新高，我们真的不喜欢把新的家庭成员独自留在家里。我们担心它们会很孤独，或者更糟，会咬家具)”可知，文章的作者是养狗的人。故选A。【5题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段“DogTV,achannelfordogs,hasbeenavailableintheUnitedStatessince2012.LastmonthitexpandedtoreachdogsinEngland,AustraliaandNewZealandandisnowavailablein14countries.Unsurprisingly,morethan80percentofthechannel’ssubscribersareAmericans,whomakeupthelargestpetmarketintheworld.(狗狗频道DogTV自2012年起在美国开播。上个月，它扩展到英国、澳大利亚和新西兰的狗狗，现在在14个国家都可以买到。不出所料，该频道80%以上的订户是美国人，他们构成了世界上最大的宠物市场)”可知，DogTV越来越受欢迎。故选D。【6题详析】主旨大意题。根据第三段“AccordingtoRonLevi,thefounderofDogTV,thereisasignificantamountofseparationanxietyamongpetowners.DogTVwascreatedtoprovidesensoryandvisualstimulationthatcanhelpreducethisanxiety.Levicameupwiththeideaforthechannelin2006whenherealizedthatdogsarehighlysocialanimalsandoftenstrugglewhenleftaloneathome.Thus,hedecidedtofocusontheirneeds.(据DogTV的创始人罗恩·列维说，宠物主人中有大量的分离焦虑。DogTV的创建是为了提供感官和视觉刺激，可以帮助减少这种焦虑。利瓦伊在2006年想到了这个频道的想法，当时他意识到狗是高度群居的动物，经常在独自在家时挣扎。因此，他决定关注他们的需求)”可知，第三段的主要内容是为什么创建DogTV。故选B。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“ForpetownerslikeSageRandall,whogotanewdognamedCarrotCakein2020tokeephercompanywhileworkingathome,theguiltofleavingapetalonecanbegreat.ShelaughedwhenafriendadvisedhertogetDogTVandthoughtitwascrazytoevenimagineadogactuallysittingstilltowatchtelevision.However,shetrieditandwasshockedthatCarrotCakeenjoyedwatchingthedifferentlandscapesandseeingotherdogsplaying.AlthoughDogTVmaynotbeaperfectsolutionforeverypetowner,itprovidesaninterestinglookathowtechnologyisbeingusedtoaddresstheneedsofdogs.(对于像SageRandall这样的宠物主人来说，她在2020年养了一只名叫胡萝卜蛋糕的新狗，以便在家工作时陪伴她，把宠物独自留下的内疚感可能很棒。当一个朋友建议她订阅狗狗频道DogTV时，她笑了起来，她认为想象一只狗真的坐着看电视真是太疯狂了。然而，她试了一下，震惊地发现胡萝卜蛋糕很喜欢看不同的景象，也很喜欢看其他狗狗玩耍。虽然DogTV可能不是每个宠物主人的完美解决方案，但它提供了一个有趣的视角，看看科技是如何被用来满足狗的需求的)”可知，作者提到SageRandall的目的是说明一些宠物主人的态度。故选C。CYes,havingabignameinsciencewillhelpgetyourpaperpublished,anewstudyconfirms.Involvinghundredsofresearchersreviewinganeconomicspaper,thestudyfoundthatreviewersweremorelikelytorecommendacceptancewhenthepaperwasassociatedwithafamousauthorcomparedtoalesser-knownone.TheMattheweffect,atermcoinedin1968todescribethisprejudice,hasbeenatopicofconcernamongscientistsforyears.However,previouseffortstodocumentthisprejudicehadlimitationssuchassmallsamplesizesorlackofrandomization.Toaddresstheseissues,ateamfromtheUniversityofInnsbruckconductedanextensivestudy.Theteamsentemailstoabout3,300researchers,invitingthemtoreviewaneconomicspaperforarealjournal.Thepaperhadtwoauthors:VernonSmith,aNobelPrizewinner,andSabiouInoua,oneofSmith’sformerPh.D.students.Thepotentialreviewersreceivedoneofthreedescriptionsofthepaper:onementioningonlySmith,anothermentioningonlyInoua,andathirdwithnoauthormentioned.Oftheresearcherswhoagreedtoreviewthepaper,Smith’sfameinfluencedtheirresponses.WhengivenonlySmith’sname,38.5%acceptedtheinvitationtoreview,whilethefigureswere30.7%forthosegivennonameand28.5%forthosegivenonlyInoua’sname.Tofurtheravoidprejudice,theteamrandomlyassignedthe313reviewerswhoinitiallyreceivednoauthor’snametoreviewoneofthreepapers:onecreditedtoSmithalone,anothertoInouaalone,andathirdwithnoauthorslisted.ReviewersratedthepapercreditedtoSmiththehighest,praisingitsinclusionofnewinformationanddata-supportedconclusions.Theversionwithnoauthorsreceivedrecommendationsforacceptancefrom24%ofreviewers,morethandoublethepercentagefortheversioncreditedonlytoInoua.Theteamwarnedagainstevaluatingidenticalworkdifferentlybasedontheauthor’sidentityandsuggestedthatdouble-blindreviewsmayreducetheprejudice.However,thisapproachmaynotbeeffectiveasreviewerscanoftenidentifyauthorsthroughpreprintsorconferencepresentations.8.Whatdoestheterm“theMattheweffect”refertoaccordingtothispassage?A.Atopicofpublicconcern. B.Apreferenceinpublication.C.Adocumentdescribingcoins. D.Awaytogetpapersaccepted.9.WhydidtheteamfromtheUniversityofInnsbruckcarryouttheextensivestudy?A.Toreviewaneconomicspaper. B.Tofindfaultwithpriorstudies.C.Tofurtherinvestigateaneffect. D.Tostudyhowtoreleasepapers.10.Whatarepresentedinparagraphs3and4?A.Datareceptionandrelease. B.Paperdescriptionandscores.C.Researchmethodsandfindings. D.Authors’identitiesandresponses.11.Whatdoestheteamsuggesttoreducetheprejudice?A.Revisingthereviewmethod. B.Readingtheonlinepreprint.C.Assessingdifferentworks. D.Addingnewinformation.【语篇解读】本文是一篇科普说明文。文章主要介绍了科学界中马太效应的一个实证研究，该效应描述了在科学研究中对著名作者存在的偏见，以及这种偏见对论文发表机会的影响并提出了减少这种偏见的可能方法。〖答案〗8.B9.C10.C11.A【8题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“TheMattheweffect,atermcoinedin1968todescribethisprejudice,hasbeenatopicofconcernamongscientistsforyears.However,previouseffortstodocumentthisprejudicehadlimitationssuchassmallsamplesizesorlackofrandomization.Toaddresstheseissues,ateamfromtheUniversityofInnsbruckconductedanextensivestudy.(马太效应是1968年创造的一个术语，用来描述这种偏见，多年来一直是科学家们关注的话题。然而，先前记录这种偏见的努力存在局限性，例如样本量小或缺乏随机化。为了解决这些问题，来自因斯布鲁克大学的一个团队进行了一项广泛的研究。)”可知，“马太效应”被描述为“对著名作者的偏见”和“基于作者身份对相同作品的不同评价”。它用来描述审稿人在接受与著名作者相关的论文时，相比于鲜为人知的作者，所表现出的偏见。这清楚地表明，它指的是出版过程中的偏好或偏见。故选B。【9题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“TheMattheweffect,atermcoinedin1968todescribethisprejudice,hasbeenatopicofconcernamongscientistsforyears.However,previouseffortstodocumentthisprejudicehadlimitationssuchassmallsamplesizesorlackofrandomization.Toaddresstheseissues,ateamfromtheUniversityofInnsbruckconductedanextensivestudy.(马太效应是1968年创造的一个术语，用来描述这种偏见，多年来一直是科学家们关注的话题。然而，先前记录这种偏见的努力存在局限性，例如样本量小或缺乏随机化。为了解决这些问题，来自因斯布鲁克大学的一个团队进行了一项广泛的研究。)”可知，该团队进行了一项广泛的研究是为了深入调查这一效应，而不是简单地回顾一篇经济学论文、找先前研究的错误或研究如何发布论文。故选C。【10题详析】主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Theteamsentemailstoabout3,300researchers,invitingthemtoreviewaneconomicspaperforarealjournal.(该团队向大约3300名研究人员发送了电子邮件，邀请他们为一份真正的期刊审阅一篇经济学论文。)”、第四段“Tofurtheravoidprejudice,theteamrandomlyassignedthe313reviewerswhoinitiallyreceivednoauthor’snametoreviewoneofthreepapers:onecreditedtoSmithalone,anothertoInouaalone,andathirdwithnoauthorslisted.(为了进一步避免偏见，研究小组随机分配了313名最初没有收到作者姓名的审稿人，让他们分别审查三篇论文中的一篇：一篇是Smith一个人的论文，另一篇是Inoua一个人的论文，还有一篇没有作者的论文。)”可知，在这两段中，首先介绍了研究团队使用的实验方法，即他们模拟了经济学领域论文的同行评审过程，并详细说明了实验的具体步骤。接着，在第4段中，他们呈现了研究的发现，即论文的作者身份确实对审稿人的评分有显著影响，这进一步验证了“马太效应”的存在。因此，这两段主要介绍了研究方法和发现。故选C。【11题详析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Theteamwarnedagainstevaluatingidenticalworkdifferentlybasedontheauthor’sidentityandsuggestedthatdouble-blindreviewsmayreducetheprejudice.However,thisapproachmaynotbeeffectiveasreviewerscanoftenidentifyauthorsthroughpreprintsorconferencepresentations.(该团队警告说，不要根据作者的身份对相同的作品进行不同的评估，并建议双盲评审可能会减少偏见。然而，这种方法可能并不有效，因为审稿人通常可以通过预印本或会议演讲来识别作者。)”可知，研究人员认为减少偏见的唯一方法是修改评审方法。因此，团队建议的是修订评审方法以减少偏见。故选A。DCities,oftenseenasecologicalwastelands,actuallyhavethepotentialtoproduceexceptionalbiologists.Whiletraditionalbiologiststypicallycomefromruralbackgrounds,urbanresidentspossessdiverseskillsetsthatmakethembetterones.Takemyselfasanexample.GrowingupinPhiladelphiaprovidedmewithauniqueangletolookaturbanecology.Thecity’sdistinctseasons,plentifulsquirrels,rowhomes,andfestivalsservedasmyfirstecologicalclassroom.ItwastherethatIwitnessedwildcatseatingbirdsandrats,peopledrivingbatsfromtheirhomes,andsnakesbeingkilledbylawnmowers(割草机).Thiswasecologyinaction,asrealasanyobservationinfieldsandforests.Theuniqueenvironmentofurbanareasencourageswildlifetheretodevelopdistinctfeaturesandbehaviorsthatsetthemapartfromtheirruralcounterparts:theymaybelargerinsize,beactiveatdifferenttimesoftheday,movedifferently,andevendisplaydifferentpersonalities.Somebiologistsarguetheyareeven“smarter”becausetheybalancemorerisks,suchasexposuretoroads,poisonouschemicalsanddiseasesfromdomesticanimals—withrewards,ofcourse,likeinhabitableparksandhuman-providedfood.Ashumanresidentsofcities,wetooadapttotherisksandchallengesofurbanliving.Thisadaptationsharpensourintuition(直觉)—welearnwhichstreetstoavoidandlockourdoorsforsafety.Ourabilitytoassessthreatsandourawarenessregardingsafetyinfluenceourbehaviorsandchoices,muchastheydoforurbanwildlife.Sharedexperiencessuchastheseenableustobetterunderstandandappreciateurbanwildlife.Mostoftheworld’spopulationnowaccessesgreenandbluespaces,aswellaswildlife,withinurbanneighborhoods.Natureisnolongeronlyuntouchedwilderness;itincludessoundsofhumanlaughter,trashtrucksandfirealarms.Weurbanresidentsareresourcefulandimaginative.Weneedmorecapacity,moreparticipation,moreenergyandmoreinnovationinsciencetocreatesolutionstofightenvironmentaldegradationandreducebiodiversityloss.Identifyingthistalentacrosscitiespresentsapracticalapproach.12.WhatdidgrowingupinPhiladelphiateachtheauthor?A.Philadelphiaisuniquelyrichinwildlife.B.Studyingbiologyatschoolhelpsgreatly.C.Urbanwildcreaturesneedprotectiontoo.D.Citiesarefarfromecologicalwastelands.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“counterparts”inparagraph3mostlikelymean?A.Similarspecies. B.Potentialenemies.C.Naturalresources. D.Qualifiedbiologists.14.Whatexperienceshelpurbanresidentsunderstandwildlifebetter?A.Eco-friendlyhabits. B.Risk-awarebehaviors.C.Ill-informedchoices. D.Fast-pacedurbanlife.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.CitiesBuildBetterBiologists B.WhatMakesSmarterResidents?C.UrbanAreasEncourageWildlife D.WhoSavesEcologicalWastelands?【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一个来自城市的生物学家认为城市的生态系统和野外的生态系统一样值得研究，并且期待未来能有更多来自城市环境的生物学家一起创造生态学的未来。〖答案〗12.D13.A14.B15.A【12题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段的“Whiletraditionalbiologiststypicallycomefromruralbackgrounds,urbanresidentspossessdiverseskillsetsthatmakethembetterones.(虽然传统的生物学家通常来自农村背景，但城市居民拥有多样化的技能，使他们成为更好的生物学家。)”和第二段“Takemyselfasanexample.GrowingupinPhiladelphiaprovidedmewithauniqueangletolookaturbanecology.Thecity’sdistinctseasons,plentifulsquirrels,rowhomes,andfestivalsservedasmyfirstecologicalclassroom.ItwastherethatIwitnessedwildcatseatingbirdsandrats,peopledrivingbatsfromtheirhomes,andsnakesbeingkilledbylawnmowers(割草机).Thiswasecologyinaction,asrealasanyobservationinfieldsandforests.(以我自己为例。在费城长大让我有了一个独特的角度来看待城市生态。这座城市分明的季节、丰富的松鼠、排屋和节日是我的第一个生态课堂。在那里，我亲眼目睹了野猫吃鸟和老鼠，人们把蝙蝠从家里赶出去，蛇被割草机杀死。这就是生态学的作用，就像在田野和森林里观察到的一样真实。)”可知，在费城长大教会作者城市并非生态荒地。故选D。【13题详析】词义猜测题。根据前文“Theuniqueenvironmentofurbanareasencourageswildlifetheretodevelopdistinctfeaturesandbehaviors(城市地区独特的环境促使野生动物发展出独特的特征和行为)”和下文“theymaybelargerinsize,beactiveatdifferenttimesoftheday,movedifferently,andevendisplaydifferentpersonalities(它们可能体型较大，在一天中的不同时间活动，动作不同，甚至表现出不同的个性)”可推断，这让它们与农村的野生动物区分开来，因此推断划线词与A项“相似物种”意思相近，故选A。【14题详析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“Ourabilitytoassessthreatsandourawarenessregardingsafetyinfluenceourbehaviorsandchoices,muchastheydoforurbanwildlife.Sharedexperiencessuchastheseenableustobetterunderstandandappreciateurbanwildlife.(我们评估威胁的能力和安全意识会影响我们的行为和选择，就像它们对城市野生动物的影响一样。这些共同的经历使我们能够更好地理解和欣赏城市野生动物。)”可知，风险意识行为有助于城市居民更好地了解野生动物。故选B。【15题详析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Whiletraditionalbiologiststypicallycomefromruralbackgrounds,urbanresidentspossessdiverseskillsetsthatmakethembetterones.(虽然传统的生物学家通常来自农村背景，但城市居民拥有多样化的技能，使他们成为更好的生物学家。)”和最后一段“Weurbanresidentsareresourcefulandimaginative.Weneedmorecapacity,moreparticipation,moreenergyandmoreinnovationinsciencetocreatesolutionstofightenvironmentaldegradationandreducebiodiversityloss.Identifyingthistalentacrosscitiespresentsapracticalapproach.(我们城市居民足智多谋，想象力丰富。我们需要更多的能力、更多的参与、更多的精力和更多的科学创新，以创造应对环境退化和减少生物多样性丧失的解决方案。在各个城市寻找这样的人才是一种实用的方法。)”可知，文章首尾呼应，点明主题——城市可以培养出更好的生物学家。故选A项。第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Springmarathonsareapproaching,andwe’reheretohelpyouprepareforthestartingline.____16____.WhattrainingplanshouldIuse?____17____.Somepeoplerespondwelltologginghighmileagesixdaysaweek,whileotherspreferlower-intensityplansthatallowformorecross-trainingandfewerrunningdays.Thebestmarathontrainingplanistheonethatsuitsyourneedsandpreferences.____18____?Thedurationofyourmarathontrainingplandependsonyourexperiencelevel,currentfitness,andtheexpertorauthorityyou’refollowing.Typically,marathontraininglasts12to20weeks,withmostplansfallingwithinthe16-to20-weekrange.WhatifImisstrainingtime?It’simportanttosticktoyourtrainingplaninordertorunyourbestrace.However,noone’strainingisperfect.Don’tworryifyoumisssomerunsduetolifeeventsorunexpectedcircumstances.____19____.Whatifmytrainingfeelstoodifficult?Marathontrainingisnoeasytask.Attimes,thiscanfeeloverbearinganddifficult.Youshouldbeuncomfortabletosomedegree,whichisnormalwhengrowinginanything.____20____.Ifitdoes,consideradjustingyourplanorseekingadvicefromexperiencedrunnersorcoaches.Finally,don’tforgetaboutfuelingduringtrainingandracing,aswellaswhattowearonraceday.Withtherighttrainingplan,preparation,andattentiontothesedetails,you’llbewell-equippedtorunyourbestraceyet—whetherit’syourfirstor50th!A.TrainingplansvaryforeachrunnerB.HowlongshouldItrainforamarathonC.HowdoIdeterminemymarathongoalsD.Butyourtrainingshouldn’tfeelimpossibleE.It’sbettertoskipafewdaystoallowyourbodytorestF.TakeadeepbreathandgetbackontrackassoonaspossibleG.Thisguideaddressescommonquestionsaboutmarathontraining【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了关于马拉松训练的常见问题和建议。〖答案〗16.G17.A18.B19.F20.D【16题详析】上文“Springmarathonsareapproaching,andwe’reheretohelpyouprepareforthestartingline.(春季马拉松即将来临，我们将帮助您准备迎接起跑线)”表明作者要帮助读者准备春季马拉松，下文“WhattrainingplanshouldIuse?(应该使用什么训练计划？)”说明读者在准备马拉松比赛中的一个常见问题，G选项“本指南解答了关于马拉松训练的常见问题”承接上文，引出下文，符合语境。故选G。【17题详析】上文“WhattrainingplanshouldIuse?(应该使用什么训练计划？)”表明本段要回答的问题，下文“Somepeoplerespondwelltologginghighmileagesixdaysaweek,whileotherspreferlower-intensityplansthatallowformorecross-trainingandfewerrunningdays.(有些人喜欢每周六天高里程的跑步，而另一些人更喜欢强度较低的计划，从而进行更多交叉训练并减少跑步天数)”,选项A“每位跑步者的训练计划各不相同”回答上文问题，引出下文，符合语境。故选A。【18题详析】下文“Thedurationofyourmarathontrainingplandependsonyourexperiencelevel,currentfitness,andtheexpertorauthorityyou’refollowing.(你的马拉松训练计划的持续时间取决于你的经验水平、当前的健康状况以及你正在遵循的专家或权威)”表明马拉松训练计划的持续时间取决于个人的经验水平、当前的健康状况以及正在遵循的专家或权威，是对选项B“马拉松训练应该持续多久？”这一问题的回答，故选B。【19题详析】根据上文“Don’tworryifyoumisssomerunsduetolifeeventsorunexpectedcircumstances.(如果因生活事件或意外情况错过了一些训练，不要担心)”可知，如果因生活事件或意外情况错过了一些训练，不要担心，选项F“深呼吸，尽快恢复正常训练”承接上文，和上文一起回答“WhatifImisstrainingtime?(如果错过了训练时间怎么办？)”这一问题。故选F。【20题详析】上文“Youshouldbeuncomfortabletosomedegree,whichisnormalwhengrowinginanything.(在任何成长过程中，都会有一定程度的不适，这是正常的)”表明在任何成长过程中，都会有一定程度的不适，这是正常的，下文“Ifitdoes,consideradjustingyourplanorseekingadvicefromexperiencedrunnersorcoaches.(如果真的感觉训练不能完成，考虑调整你的计划或寻求经验丰富的跑步者或教练的建议)”说明真的感觉训练不能完成，考虑调整计划或寻求经验丰富的跑步者或教练的建议，选项D“Butyourtrainingshouldn’tfeelimpossible(但你的训练不应该感觉不可能完成)”与上文是转折关系，引出下文的解决办法，和上下文一起回答“Whatifmytrainingfeelstoodifficult?(如果训练感到困难怎么办？)”。故选D。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。It’sbeenoverayearsinceIstartedmyvolunteerworkasacaregiveratawell-knownlocationhereinOklahoma.Duringarecentvisit,Ihada(n)____21____withanursethere.WediscussedhowIranintosomeissueswithmyrightlegafteraterriblefall.Iwassharinghowmynew____22____ledmetohavetomakesomepersonalchangesandsoI____23____someat-homeprojects,suchasavegetablegarden,achickenpen,andmypetbirds,whenJudithwheeledoverandpolitelyintroducedherself.She____24____offeredmealike-newbirdcagetoreplacemy____25____one,andIgratefullyacceptedher____26____.WhenIwenttoJudith’shouseto____27____thebirdcage,sheaskedifIcould____28____herforanupcomingsurgerysinceshehadnooneelsetorelyon.Ifelt____29____tobechosentotakecareofherafterthe____30____.Judith,whoisalsoa____31____andhasdevotedmanyyearstoworkingasahospitalvolunteer,truly____32____tobetreatedwithkindnessandrespect.Thisexperienceservesasabeautifulexampleoftwo____33____showingrandomactsofkindnesstowardseachother.Ifirmlybelievethateverythinghappensforareason,andIamtruly____34____fortheopportunitytocareforJudith.Inthefuture,shouldIeverneed____35____,Ihopetoreceivethesamelovingsupport.21.A.date B.drink C.argument D.conversation22.A.jobs B.rules C.challenges D.wishes23.A.funded B.sold C.created D.studied24.A.kindly B.proudly C.jokingly D.calmly25.A.hanging B.struggling C.hand-made D.solar-powered26.A.offer B.claim C.decision D.donation27.A.lookfor B.pickup C.throwoff D.putaway28.A.forgive B.thank C.interview D.accompany29.A.honored B.prepared C.relaxed D.qualified30.A.checkin B.accident C.operation D.examination31.A.patient B.doctor C.cleaner D.caregiver32.A.needs B.expects C.deserves D.continues33.A.nurses B.elders C.visitors D.strangers34.A.sorry B.grateful C.responsible D.famous35.A.advice B.assistance C.information D.guidance【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在医院当志愿者的时候遇到了护士朱迪思，两人在生活上互相帮助，让作者意识到两个陌生人对彼此表现善意的一个很好的例子。〖答案〗21.D22.C23.C24.A25.B26.A27.B28.D29.A30.C31.D32.C33.D34.B35.B【21题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在最近的一次访问中，我与那里的一位护士进行了一次交谈。A.date日期；B.drink饮料；C.argument争论；D.conversation对话。根据后文“WediscussedhowIranintosomeissueswithmyrightlegafteraterriblefall.(我们讨论了我的右腿在一次严重的跌倒后遇到的一些问题)”可知，作者和护士进行了交谈。故选D。【22题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我正在分享我的新挑战如何让我不得不做出一些个人改变，所以我在家里做了一些项目，比如菜园、鸡圈和我的宠物鸟，这时朱迪思转过身来，礼貌地自我介绍。A.jobs工作；B.rules规则；C.challenges挑战；D.wishes希望。根据上文“WediscussedhowIranintosomeissueswithmyrightlegafteraterriblefall.(我们讨论了我的右腿在一次严重的跌倒后遇到的一些问题)”可知，作者摔倒腿受了伤，即面临新挑战。故选C。【23题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我正在分享我的新挑战如何让我不得不做出一些个人改变，所以我在家里做了一些项目，比如菜园、鸡圈和我的宠物鸟，这时朱迪思转过身来，礼貌地自我介绍。A.funded资助；B.sold出售；C.created创造；D.studied学习。根据后文“someat-homeprojects,suchasavegetablegarden,achickenpen,andmypetbirds”指作者在家创造了一些项目，比如菜园、鸡圈和我的宠物鸟，故选C。【24题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：她好心地给了我一个崭新的鸟笼来代替我那只苦苦挣扎的鸟笼，我感激地接受了她的提议。A.kindly善良地；B.proudly骄傲地；C.jokingly开玩笑地；D.calmly平静地。根据后文“offeredmealike-newbirdcagetoreplace”指护士好心地给作者提供了一个新鸟笼。故选A。【25题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她好心地给了我一个崭新的鸟笼来代替我那只苦苦挣扎的鸟笼，我感激地接受了她的提议。A.hanging悬挂着的；B.struggling艰难奋斗的；C.hand-made手工制造的；D.solar-powered太阳能的。根据上文“offeredmealike-newbirdcagetoreplacemy”提供新鸟笼是因为之前的鸟笼旧了，苦苦挣扎。故选B。【26题详析】考查动词名词辨析。句意：她好心地给了我一个崭新的鸟笼来代替我那只苦苦挣扎的鸟笼，我感激地接受了她的提议。A.offer提议；B.claim声称；C.decision决定；D.donation捐赠。呼应上文“offeredmealike-newbirdcage”指接受对方的提议。故选A。【27题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当我去朱迪斯家取鸟笼时，她问我是否可以陪她去做一个即将到来的手术，因为她没有其他人可以依靠。A.lookfor寻找；B.pickup捡起；C.throwoff摆脱；D.putaway放好。根据后文“thebirdcage”去对方家里是为了取鸟笼。故选B。【28题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我去朱迪斯家取鸟笼时，她问我是否可以陪她去做一个即将到来的手术，因为她没有其他人可以依靠。A.forgive原谅；B.thank感谢；C.interview采访；D.accompany陪伴。根据后文“herforanupcomingsurgerysinceshehadnooneelsetorelyon”可知，对方询问作者是否可以陪她去做一个即将到来的手术，因为她没有其他人可以依靠。故选D。【29题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感到很荣幸被选中在手术后照顾她。A.honored荣幸的；B.prepared准备好的；C.relaxed放松的；D.qualified取得资格的。根据后文“tobechosentotakecareofherafterthe”以及“tobetreatedwithkindnessandrespect”可知，作者认为对方值得被善待和尊重，所以感到荣幸被选中在手术后照顾她。故选A。【30题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我感到很荣幸被选中在手术后照顾她。A.checkin报到；B.accident事故；C.operation手术；D.examination检查。呼应上文“foranupcomingsurgery”指手术后照顾对方。故选C。【31题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：朱迪思也是一名护理人员，多年来一直在医院做志愿者，她确实值得被善待和尊重。A.patient病人；B.doctor医生；C.cleaner清洁工；D.caregiver护理人员。根据后文“hasdevotedmanyyearstoworkingasahospitalvolunteer”可知，朱迪思也是一名护理人员，多年来一直在医院做志愿者，故选D。【32题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：朱迪思也是一名护理人员，多年来一直在医院做志愿者，她确实值得被善待和尊重。A.needs需要；B.expects期待；C.deserves值得；D.continues继续。根据上文“hasdevotedmanyyearstowor