2022年中考英语试题分项汇编：阅读理解之说明文

专题16阅读理解

考点3说明文

（一）（2022•新疆・中考真题）

根据短文内容，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择一个正确答案。

WhydidChinesepeoplehavemorethanonenameinancienttimes?

InancientChina,people'snameshadthreeparts,theirfamilyname,givennameand

courtesyname.TakefamouspoetLiBaiforexample.Hisfamilyname,whichcamefrom

hisfather'sname,wasLi.HisgivennamewasBai,andhiscourtesynamewasTaibai.

Peopleusedtheirgivennameswhentheywereamongfamilymembers.Butinsocial

life,theycalledeachotherbytheircourtesynamestoshowrespect.Thiswasmostlydone

amongpeopleofsimilarage.Ifyouweretalkingaboutyourself,orifyourelderswere

talkingaboutyou,thegivennamewouldbeusedinsteadofthecourtesyname.

Menwouldgettheircourtesynameswhentheyturned20.Itwasasymbolof

adulthood（成年礼）.Womenwouldgettheircourtesynamesaftergettingmarried.

One'scourtesynameoftenhadsomethingtodowithone'sgivenname.Forexample,

thenameofMenciuswasMengKe.HiscourtesynamewasZiyu.BothKeandZiyu

mean"'carriage（马车）”.ZhugeLiang'sgivennamewasLiang,whichmeans“bright”.

HiscourtesynamewasKongming,whichmeans"verybright”.

1.Howmanypartsarethereinpeople'snamesinancientChina?

A.3.B.4.C.5.D.6.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“courtesQ”inParagraph2meaninChinese?

A.名B.姓氏C.字D.昵称

3.Whydidpeoplecalleachotherbytheircourtesynamesinsociallife?

A.Toshowtheirlove.B.Toshowtheirgoodrelationship.

C.Toshowtheirkindness.D.Toshowtheirrespect.

4.Whatwouldbeusedifyoureldersweretalkingaboutyouaccordingtothepassage?

A.Familyname.B.Nickname.C.Givenname.D.Courtesyname.

5.Whafsthemainideaofthepassage?

A.ThefamouspoetLiBai.B.Threepartsofancientnames.

C.Theancientnamesandthemodemnames.D.Thedevelopmentofnames.

【答案】l.A2.C3.D4.C5.B

【解析】

【导语】本文主要介绍了古代人名字的组成部分以及它所代表的意义。

【1题详解】

细节理解题。根据"InancientChina,people'snameshadthreeparts,theirfamilyname,

givennameandcourtesyname”可知，名字有三部分，故选A。

【2题详解】

词义猜测题。根据前文“InancientChina,people'snameshadthreeparts,theirfamily

name,givennameandcourtesyname”可知，三部分包括了姓，名和字，所以

courtesy表示"字"，故选C。

【3题详解】

细节理解题。根据"Butinsociallife,theycalledeachotherbytheircourtesynamesto

showrespect”可知，他们互相称呼对方的尊称以示尊重，故选D。

【4题详解】

细节理解题。根据“orifyoureldersweretalkingaboutyou,thegivennamewouldbe

usedinsteadofthecourtesyname”可知，如果长者谈论你会用名来称呼，故选C。

【5题详解】

主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了古代人名字的组成部分以及它所代表

的意义，故选B。

。（2022・安徽・中考真题）

Haveyoueverseenlionsdancinginthestreets?Thelionsdancetothebeatofa

drum（鼓）.Ofcourse,theyarenotreallions.Theyaredancersinlioncostumes（月艮饰）.

LiondancingfirststartedinChinacenturiesago.Itismeanttobringgoodluckinthe

comingyear.

Usually,alionismadeupoftwodancers.Onedancercontrolsthehead.Theother

controlsthetail.

“Ithinkofitasasport,“saysAnthonyHuang,aged16.HeisamemberoftheNew

YorkChineseFreemasonsAthleticClub.Anthonyperforms（表演）asthelion'shead.It

canweigh20pounds.LiondancingisimportanttoAnthony."'Thistraditionreallylifts

meup,“hesays.

Inthepast,liondancingwasperformedmostlybymen.Butitisdifferenttoday.

LionDanceMeisaliondancinggroupinSanFrancisco,California.Thereareboysand

girlsonitsteam.Theydancetogether.

“Anyonecantakeupliondancing.Youhavetobelievethatyoucandoit,“says

AnandaTang-Lee,a17-year-oldgirl.

Liondancingwillcontinuetoevolve.Butateam'ssenseofcommunitywillnever

change.4tWecallitafamily,Anandasays,"It'sreallygreat,becausewealwayshave

eachother'sbacks.^^

6.Whydopeopleperformliondancing?

A.Toselllion-dancingcostumes.B.Towishforaluckynewyear.

C.Toprotectthelionsinthewild.D.Toshowskillsofplayingthedrum.

7.WhichroledoesAnthonyplayinliondancing?

A.Thelion'shead.B.Thelion'stail.C.Thedrummer.D.Thedresser.

8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“evolve"mean?

A.延期B.模仿C.举办D.演变

9.Whatcanweinfer（推断）fromAnanda'swords"Wecallitafamily”?

A.Theybringhappinesstothefamily.B.Theycallliondancingafamilygame.

C.Theylivetogetherinabigfamily.D.Theysupporteachotherlikeafamily.

【答案】6.B7.A8.D9.D

【解析】

【导语】本文主要介绍了中国的传统舞狮，它在不断地演变，也获得了很多人的喜

爱。

【6题详解】

细节理解题。根据“Itismeanttobringgoodluckinthecomingyear.”可知舞狮意在来

年带来好运。故选B。

【7题详解】

细节理解题。根据“Anthonyperforms（表演）asthelion飞head”可知他扮演狮头。故

选Ao

【8题详解】

词义猜测题。根据“Inthepast,liondancingwasperformedmostlybymen.Butitis

differenttoday”以及"Liondancingwillcontinuetoevolve”可知舞狮过去只有男性扮

演，现在男性和女性都可以，说明舞狮在不断地演变，故此处划线部分意为“演

变”。故选D。

【9题详解】

推理判断题。根据"Wecallitafamily,Anandasays,"It'sreallygreat,becausewe

alwayshaveeachother9sbacks”可知他们把它叫作家庭，因为他们总是互相支持。故

选D。

（三）（2022•安徽•中考真题）

AteamofscientistsarecarryingoutaprojectattheUniversityofGreenwichin

London.TheyaretryingtofindwaystomakefoodonMars（火星）inthefuture.The

projectiscalledFeedingMars.Ittriestousewater,fishandfishwastetogrowfruitand

vegetablesonMars.

Itwouldtakeatleast21monthstoreachMars,learnaboutitssurfaceandreturnto

Earth.SoitwouldbeabighelpifthespacemencouldgrowfreshfoodonMarsitself.

FarmingonMars,however,willbeveryhard.There'splentyofwaterthatcouldbe

takenfromicejustbelowthesurface,butthelandonMarsismissingthenutrients（养分）

thatlivingthingsneed.Theteamsaythattheycouldsolvetheproblembygrowingplants

andfishtogether.Fishwastecanthenbeusedtoprovidenutrientsforplants.

“Itisexpectedthatyoucangrowlotsoffood,suchasvegetables,salads,teasand

medicinalplantsonMars,“saidDrBenzKotzen,wholeadstheproject.t6Youcaneven

harvest（捕获）fishforfoodthen.^^

10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"It"inParagraph1referto（指的是）?

A.Thefuture.B.Theproject.C.Theland.D.Theplanet.

11.WhatmakesitdifficulttofarmonMars?

A.Icebelowthesurface.B.Toomuchfishwaste.

C.Themissingoflivingthings.D.Thepoorlandcondition.

12.HowdoesDrBenzKotzenfeelaboutFeedingMars?

A.Hopeful.B.Doubtful.C.Surprised.D.Funny.

【答案】10.B11.D12.A

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍“喂养火星”这一项目。

【10题详解】

推理判断题。根据"TheprojectiscalledFeedingMars.Ittriestousewater,fishandfish

wastetogrowfruitandvegetablesonMars.”可知，这个项目被称为"喂养火星”，它试

图利用水、鱼和鱼的废物在火星上种植水果和蔬菜。此处it指的是“喂养火星”这

个项目，故选B。

【11题详解】

细节理解题。根据"butthelandonMarsismissingthenutrients（养分）thatliving

thingsneed”可知，火星上的土地缺少生物所需的营养物质，故选D。

【12题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，本茨・科岑博士认为人们预计可以在火星上

种植很多食物，甚至可以捕鱼，所以他认为这个项目是非常有前景和希望的。故选

A„

（四）（2022・安徽・中考真题）

Thenightskyisourearliestlibrary.There,westoredourknowledge,andpassedit

downaroundthefire,beforeweinventedthewrittenword.

Iremembergoingtothelocaluniversityforanastronomy（天文学）nightwhenIwas

achild.Thatnight,IsawSaturn,oneoftheplanets,anditsringswithmyowneyesfbr

thefirsttime.Theringsshonebrightagainsttheblacknessofspaceandsuddenlythe

universe（宇宙）wasn'tsomethingthatyouonlyreadaboutorimaginedinyourhead.It

wasrightthere,andyouwereapartofit.Thatmomentispriceless.

Whilestarlightisgood,lightpollutionhereonEarthcanbearealproblem.Forthe

past200yearsorso,wehaveusedtoomuchelectricity（电）tomakethenightbrighter.

However,brighterdoesn'tusuallymeanbetter,especiallywhenalotofthatlightshines

upintotheskywherenooneneedsit.

Luckily,somecitieshavetakenactions,likesettingupnewdownward-directing

lightsalongthestreets.Ihopethatmorecitieswilljoininandcontinuethepracticeof

controllingunnecessarylighting,sothatmoreofuscanwatchthenightskyinaway

humanshavefbrthousandsofyears.

13.Whatisthenightskycomparedto?

A.Abook.B.Theearth.C.Alibrary.D.Theuniverse.

14.Howdidthewriterfindtheastronomynight?

A.Itopenedhiseyes.B.Itcontrolledhismind.

C.Itwasarealproblem.D.Ittookhimtoomuchtime.

15.Whatdoesthewriterhopefor?

A.Abrighternight.B.Lessuseoflighting.

C.Morepersonalspace.D.Abettereducation.

【答案】13.C14.A15.B

【解析】

【导语】本文主要介绍了现在夜晚灯光太多，造成了光污染，作者希望人们能够采

取行动，减少不必要灯光，减少光污染。

【13题详解】

细节理解题。根据“Thenightskyisourearliestlibrary”可知作者把夜空比作了图书

馆。故选C。

【14题详解】

推理判断题。根据"Theringsshonebrightagainsttheblacknessofspaceandsuddenly

theuniverse（宇宙）wasn'tsomethingthatyouonlyreadaboutorimaginedinyourhead^^

可知这些光环在黑暗的太空中闪耀着光芒，突然之间，宇宙不再是只能在脑海中阅

读或想象的东西，由此可推知那天晚上拓宽了作者的视野。故选A。

【15题详解】

细节理解题。根据"Ihopethatmorecitieswilljoininandcontinuethepracticeof

controllingunnecessarylighting”可知作者希望更多的城市加入并继续控制不必要的

照明。故选B。

（五）（2022•广东广州•中考真题）

Whenyouandyourfriendsturntoeachothertotalkaboutproblemsortroubles,you

giveeachotheradviceandhelp.Oneimportantthingofourgrowthistomakedecisions

tohelpourfriendsandlearntosupporteachother.Thisrequiresustolearnwhatitmeans

tohelpfriendsandhowtohelptheminrightways.

Thefirststeptowardhelpingothersistoidentifythattheyneedhelp.Weallknow

thatdifficultiesarepartofourdailylives.However,sometimessmallthingscanleadto

moreseriousproblemsthatrequiremorehelp.Ifsimportanttomakesurewhentohelpa

friend.Forexample,youmaypickupsomesignsthatyourfriendsarenotactinglike

themselves.Thesesignsshowtheymaynotbewell.

Thenextsteptowardhelpingothersistolisten.Payingattentiontootherswhile

listeningisveryimportantthroughoutourlife.Whenwecommunicatewithothers,we

needtolearnwhentospeakandwhennotto.Aslisteners,weshouldtrytounderstand

whatthespeakersarefeelingorexperiencingandtrytoseethingsfromtheir

perspectives.Listeningandpayingattentiontootherswhentheyspeakisasignofrespect

andaskillthatwillleadtodeeperandbetterrelationships.

16.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?

A.Todiscusswhypeoplehelpeachother.B.Todescribetheproblemsofgivinghelp.

C.Tointroducetheadvantagesofgivinghelp.D.Toexplainhowwecanhelpothers

properly.

17.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"identify”inparagraph2mean?

A.Require.B.Discover.C.Suggest.D.Remember.

18.Whatisthemainideaofparagraph3?

A.Actasagoodlistenertoyourfriends.B.Learnhowtogiveadvicetoyourfriends.

C.Payattentiontoyourfriends9unusualacts.D.Buildgoodrelationshipswithyour

friends.

19.Accordingtothewriter,whatshouldyoudoifyourfriendsdon'tfollowyouradvice

ontheirseriousproblems?

A.Keeptheirproblemsassecrets.B.Letthemmaketheirowndecisions.

C.Findoutthecausesoftheirproblems.D.Gethelpfromtheirtrustedteachers.

【答案】16.D17.B18.A19.C

【解析】

【导语】本文讲述用正确的方式帮助朋友的建议。

【16题详解】

推理判断题。根据第一段“Thisrequiresustolearnwhatitmeanstohelpfriendsand

howtohelptheminrightways”可知，文章主要为了讲述帮助朋友意味着什么，怎样

以正确的方式帮助朋友。故选D。

【17题详解】

词义猜测题。根据第二段"It'simportanttomakesurewhentohelpafriend.For

example,youmaypickupsomesignsthatyourfriendsarenotactinglikethemselves.

Thesesignsshowtheymaynotbewell”可知，确认什么时候帮助朋友是重要的，

“identify”表达“识别，确认”，相当于"discover”。故选B。

【18题详解】

段落大意题。根据"Thenextsteptowardhelpingothersistolisten.Payingattentionto

otherswhilelisteningisveryimportantthroughoutourlife”可知，第三段讲述帮助朋友

接下来的一步是做一个好的聆听者。故选A。

【19题详解】

推理判断题。根据第三段“Aslisteners,weshouldtrytounderstandwhatthespeakers

arefeelingorexperiencingandtrytoseethingsfromtheirperspectives”可矢口，如果在彳艮

严重的问题上朋友不听取你的建议，你应该努力弄懂朋友的感受和经历，努力从他

们的角度看问题。可知需要弄清楚问题的原因。故选C。

（六）（2022•广东广州•中考真题）

CharlesDarwin

CharlesDarwin

Earlyyears

CharlesDarwinwasoneofthesixchildrenfromabigfamily.Hisgrandfatherand

fatherweredoctorsandtheyoungDarwinwenttoEdinburghUniversitytostudy

medicine.However,hehatedtoseebloodandhesoonrealizedthathecouldn'tbea

doctor.HethenwenttoCambridgeUniversityanddiscoveredthathehadagreatinterest

instudyingplants,insectsandanimals.Luckily,oneofDarwin9suniversityteachers

helpedhim,jointheperfecttripforabiologist:avoyagearoundtheworldtostudy

nature.

TheBeagle

In1831,CharlesDarwinleftPlymouthonTheBeagle^ashipthattookhimaround

theworldforfiveyears.Whilehewastravelling,hestudiedtheplantsandanimalsinthe

countriesandontheislandsthattheshipvisited.DarwinalsospenthistimeonThe

Beaglewritingnotesaboutthethingshehadseen.Whenhefinallyarrivedbackin

Britain,Darwinwasalreadystartingtocreatehisfamoustheorythatalllivingthingshad

acommonancestor（祖先）.

Downhouse

AthomeatDownHouse,aplacethatyoucanstillvisittoday,Darwinwrotemany

articlesandbooksabouthistravels,buthedidn'twanttomakeanythingabouthistheory

knowntothepublic.Heworkedinhisstudy,wherehewrote250,000wordsabouthis

theoryofevolution（进化论）,buthewasfrightenedaboutwhatpeoplemightsayabout

hisideathatmonkeysweretheancestorsofhumans.Hethoughtthepublicwouldbe

againstitandwassofrightenedthathebecameillwithworry.However,whenanother

scientiststartedtowriteaboutsimilarideas,Darwindecidedtoprinthisbook,Onthe

OriginofSpecies.

MostscientistsacceptedDarwin'stheoryandpeoplecontinuetostudyittoday.On

12thFebruary,thedayhewasbom,DarwinDayiscelebratedaroundtheworldto

encouragemorepeopletostudythenaturalworld.

20.WhatcausedDarwintogiveuphisstudyofmedicine?

A.Hedidn'tlikeseeingblood.B.Hefoundthestudiestoodifficult.

C.Hewaspushedtogiveupbyhisfamily.D.Hewasadvisedtostudynaturalscience.

21.WhywasthetriponTheBeagleimportanttoDarwin?

A.Ithelpedhimtofinishhisstudyattheuniversity.

B.Itallowedhimtochangehismindabouthisfuture.

C.Itgavehimideasaboutthebeginningsofhumanlife.

D.Itgothimtocompletehismostfamousbookontheship.

22.InwhatorderdidthefollowinghappeninDarwin'slife?

a.HearrivedbackinBritainin1836.

b.Hethoughtthepublicwouldnotsupporthisideas.

c.Hebecameinterestedinstudyingthenaturalworld.

d.Heprintedhisfamousbook,OntheOriginofSpecies.

e.Hereceivedhelptogetaplaceonatriparoundtheworld.

f.Hestudiedtheplantsandanimalsontheislandshevisited.

A.e一Jc一a一b—>dB.c一e一Ja一b一dC.

e一Ja一c一d一bD.c—'e一Jd―

23.Whydidthewriterincludethelastparagraph?

A.TointroduceDarwin'sfamousbook.

B.TotellhowpeoplecelebrateDarwinDay.

C.ToexplainwhypeopleacceptDarwin'sideas.

D.ToshowDarwin'sinfluenceonnaturalscience.

【答案】20.A21.C22.B23.D

【解析】

【导语】本文讲述达尔文早期的学习和旅行经历，讲述达尔文研究自然世界，并完

成《物种起源》的经历。

【20题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段"hehatedtoseebloodandhesoonrealizedthathecouldn'tbe

adoctor”可知，达尔文讨厌看到血，所以放弃了学医。故选A。

【21题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段“DarwinalsospenthistimeonTheBeaglewritingnotesabout

thethingshehadseen.WhenhefinallyarrivedbackinBritain,Darwinwasalready

startingtocreatehisfamoustheorythatalllivingthingshadacommonancestor”可知,

达尔文在“小猎户号”船上的旅行，让他开始创造他有名的理论，他认为所有的生物

都有一个共同的祖先。故选C。

【22题详解】

推理判断题。根据“hehadagreatinterestinstudyingplants,insectsandanimals”可

知，他对学习自然世界感兴趣。根据“oneofDarwin'suniversityteachershelpedhim,

jointheperfecttripfbrabiologist:avoyagearoundtheworldtostudynature”可知,他

得到帮助可以去环球航行。根据"hestudiedtheplantsandanimalsinthecountriesand

ontheislandsthattheshipvisited”可知，他在岛上研究植物和动物。根据"Whenhe

finallyarrivedbackinBritain”可知，他回到英国。根据"hewasfrightenedaboutwhat

peoplemightsayabouthisideathatmonkeysweretheancestorsofhumans”可知，他认

为大众不会支持他的想法。根据"Darwindecidedtoprinthisbook,OntheOriginof

劭eczZs”可知，他出版了他的书《物种起源》。正确的顺序是c-e—T—a—b-d。故

选B。

[23题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段"DarwinDayiscelebratedaroundtheworldtoencourage

morepeopletostudythenaturalworld”可知，达尔文日是为了鼓励更多的人研究自然

科学。可推断最后一段是为了展示达尔文在自然科学上的影响。故选D。

（七）（2022•广东广州•中考真题）

(V^TheWorldoF^

Imagineyouareinanewcity.Youasksomeonehowtogettoabookstore.Theytell

youtogostraight,turnleft,andyouwillfinditonyourleft.Infact,youcanalsofind

yourwaywithaphone.Nowimagineyouareinanoutdoorgame.Youonlyhaveamap

andacompass,andinsteadofrunningdownacityroad,youmayneedtorunaroundin

thewoods,climboverrocksandgoupanddownhills.Welcometoorienteering!

Inthegameoforienteering,playersuseamapandacompasstofindstations.These

stationsarecalledcontrols.Aspecialflag,usuallyinbrightcolours,markseachcontrol.

Controlsarenoteasytofind.Theymaybeinfrontofabigrockorbehindatree.Inmost

ofthegames,you'llhavetofindcontrolsinnumberedorder,butinsomegamesyoucan

changetheorder.

Ateachcontrol,playersmarkacardtheycarrywiththemandthecardwillbe

markedindifferentways(SeeFigure1).Thecardsareveryimportantbecauseplayers

mustfindallthecontrolstowin.Ifsomeonemissesacontrol,theywon'thavethatmark

ontheircards.Theymightcrossthefinishlinefirst,butthenextpersontofinishwitha

fullcardwillwinthegame.

OrienteeringControlCard

Name

Starttime

CourseAgeClass

FinishtimeCultureNote:The

firstcompasswas

12345

6inventedbyancient

•I*•••

••••••••••

Chinesepeople.It

789101112helpsyoufindyour

•

••:••••••waybyalways

pointingtothe

North.

Figure1

24.Whatwillplayerscarryinthegame?

A.Amap,acompassandaflag.B.Aflag,acompassandacard.

C.Acompass,amapandacard.D.Aphone,acompassandamap.

25.Whichofthefollowingisaruleofthegame?

A.Youdon'tneedtomarkthecards.

B.Youcan'tmissanyofthecontrolstowin.

C.Youhavetofindcontrolsinnumberedorder.

D.Youmustbethefirsttopassthefinishlinetowin.

26.HowmanycontrolshasAnnafinishedinthegame?

A.9.B.10.C.11.D.12.

【答案】24.C25.B26.B

【解析】

【导语】本文讲述定向运动游戏的具体操作说明。

[24题详解】

细节理解题。根据“Inthegameoforienteering,playersuseamapandacompasstofind

stations"及"Ateachcontrol,playersmarkacardtheycarrywiththemandthecardwill

bemarkedindifferentways”可知，在游戏中，需要携带一张地图，一个指南针和一

张卡片。故选C。

【25题详解】

推理判断题。根据"Ifsomeonemissesacontrol,theywon'thavethatmarkontheir

card"，可知如果错过了一个控制点，就不会在卡片上得到那个得分，可知不能错

过赢的任何控制点。故选B。

【26题详解】

推理判断题。根据表格的控制点有1到5,7到9,以及11到12,可知共完成10个

控制点。故选B。

（A）（2022・湖南衡阳•中考真题）

AbigsandstormhitnorthernChinaseveralmonthsago.Itcoveredmanycitieswith

thickcloudsofyellowdust（尘土）.

Thestorm,whichcamefromMongolia,wasthelargestsandstorminChinainthe

past10years.Manyflightsandclasseswerecanceledbecausethevisibility（能见度）was

lowerthan500meters.

Thestormwastheresultofwarmanddryweatherinthearea,togetherwiththe

strongwindsfromMongolia.""Therehasbeenlittlerainfallsofarthisspringandthe

temperatureisrising.Sonowitisaworryingtimeforsandstorms.^^saidanexpertfrom

Beijing.

Inrecentyears,sandstormshaven'tbeenascommoninnorthernChinaasbefore.

Thelandwithdesertification（沙漠化）hasbeenfallingby7,585km2peryearinChina,

andtheareaofsandylandhasbeendecreasingby1,284km2ayear.Thisisthanksto

China'sThree-NorthShelterForestProgram（TNSFP三北防护林工程）whichstartedin

the1970s.MillionsoftreeshavebeenplantedinnorthernChinatopreventsandstorms

andprotecttheenvironment.

Besides,Chinahasacolor-gradedweatherwarningsystem（预警系统）for

sandstorms,withredmeaningthemostserious,followedbyorangeandyellow.

Therefore,peoplewouldhavetimetogetpreparedforthesandstorm.

Sandslonn<1

S。、meters

sandstorm

Supersevere<50mctcr\

saruistomi

27.WhatcausedthesandstormfromMongolia?

A.Coldandwetweathertogetherwiththestrongwinds.

B.Warm,dryweatherandthestrongwinds.

C.Warm,wetweatherandthestrongwinds.

28.Theunderlinedword“decreasing“means"

A.goingupB.puttingdownC.goingdown

29.WhendidTNSFPstart?

A.Inthe1970s.B.Inthe1980s.C.Inthe1960s.

30.Ifthevisibilityinyourcityis700meters,whatcolorwillthewarningbe?

A.Red.B.Orange.C.Yellow

31.Whatcanweinfer（推断）fromthepassage?

A.Wehavetakensomeactionstopreventsandstonns.

B.Sandstormshaveneverchanged.

C.Theweatherisgettingworseandworse.

【答案】27.B28.C29.A30.C31.A

【解析】

【导语】本文主要介绍了沙尘暴对人们的影响以及中国在抗击沙尘暴方面做了什

么。

【27题详解】

细节理解题。根据"Thestormwastheresultofwarmanddryweatherinthearea,

togetherwiththestrongwindsfromMongolia."可知，来自蒙古的沙尘暴是由温暖干

燥的天气和强风导致的。故选B。

【28题详解】

词句猜测题。根据"Thelandwithdesertification（沙漠化）hasbeenfallingby7,585

km2peryearinChina,andtheareaofsandylandhasbeendecreasingby1,284km2a

year.”可知，中国沙漠化土地每年减少7585平方公里，沙地面积每年减少1284平

方公里。decreasing此处表示"减少"，与goingdown"下降"同义。故选C。

【29题详解】

细节理解题。根据"ThisisthankstoChina'sThree-NorthShelterForestProgram

（TNSFP三北防护林工程）whichstartedinthe1970s.”可知，三北防护林工程于20

世纪70年代开始的。故选A。

【30题详解】

细节理解题。根据"withredmeaningthemostserious,followedbyorangeand

yellow."可知，红色表示最严重，对应“Superseveresandstorm”，其次是橙色和

黄色。如果所在城市的能见度为700米，那么应该属于“Sandstorm”，对应的颜

色应该是黄色。故选C。

【31题详解】

推理判断题。根据aMillionsoftreeshavebeenplantedinnorthernChinatoprevent

sandstormsandprotecttheenvironment.”可知，为了防止沙尘暴和保护环境，中国

北方种植了数百万棵树。因此我们已经采取了一些措施来防止沙尘暴。故选A。

（九）（2022•河北•中考真题）

Presentation（展示）skillsareimportantatschoolandinotherareasoflife.Some

peopledon'tlikegivingpresentationsbecausetheydon'tknowwhattosayorbecause

theygetnervousaboutpublicspeaking.Here'ssomeadvicetohelpyoumake

presentationseasierandmoreenjoyable.

1.Getorganised

Thebestpresentationsarewellplannedandclearlyorganized.Thinkabouttopics

（话题）andchooseaproperone.Inonetopic,threeorfourmainideaswillbefine.The

beginningofyourpresentationshouldbeinteresting.Forexample,youcantellashort,

funnystorytomakepeoplelaugh.

2.Usephotosorvideos

Trytousephotosorvideos.Thesethingsmakeyourperformancemoreexcitingand

helpyourememberwhatyou'regoingtosay.However,youshouldn'tusetoomany.The

“star"ofyourpresentationshouldbeyou,notyourphotosorvideos.

3.Practicebeforeyourperformance

Youneedtopracticemanytimesbeforethe"bigday”.Practicesayinganyunusual

words.Thenwritethemainideasonsmallcardstohelpyouremember.Practiceinfront

ofamirrorandtimeyourpresentation.Finally,youcanrecordyourperformanceoraska

friendtowatchyouandthenmakesuggestionsforimprovements.

4.Connectwithyouraudience（观众）

Alwayslookattheaudiencewhenyouspeak.Standupstraight,butdon'tstandstill

ormovearoundmuch.Finally,besuretothankyouraudiencewhenyoufinishspeaking.

It'sasimplebutgoodwaytoendanypresentation.

32.Howcanyouinterestyourlistenersatthebeginning?

A.Bylistingyourideas.B.Bytellingafunnystory.

C.Bystandingupstraight.D.Bysayingsimplewords.

33.Whichisthe“bigday“accordingtothetext?

A.Thedayyoupreparevideos.B.Thedayyougetsomeadvice.

C.Thedayyouvisityourfriends.D.Thedayyoumakeapresentation.

34.Whatisthegoodwaytoendyourpresentation?

A.Torepeattopics.B.Toshowthanks.

C.Tomakesuggestions.D.Tosharemainideas.

35.Whichquestioncouldbesthelpusfindoutthewriter'spurpose?

A.Didthewritertrytoteachusskills?

B.Didthewriterhelpusunderstandideas?

C.Didthewriterinviteustoattendacourse?

D.Didthewriteraskustobepoliteinpublic?

【答案】32.B33.D34.B35.A

【解析】

【导语】本文介绍了一些使演讲更容易、更有趣的建议。

【32题详解】

细节理解题。根据“Thebeginningofyourpresentationshouldbeinteresting.For

example,youcantellashort,funnystorytomakepeoplelaugh.”可知,通过讲一个有趣

的故事，你可以让听众在一开始就感兴趣。故选B。

[33题详解】

词句猜测题。根据"Practicebeforeyourperformance"和"Youneedtopracticemany

timesbeforethe“bigday”.”可知,此处“bigday”应该指进行演讲的那天。故选Do

【34题详解】

细节理解题。根据"Finally,besureto