2021-2022学年安徽省桐城市某重点中学高二周测英语试题解析版

安徽省桐城市某重点中学2021-2022学年高二周测英语试卷一、选词填空-句子〔本大题共10小题，共分〕Mostofthepeopleareinf______oftheplan,whilethosewhoopposeitareintheminority.〔根据首字母填空〕Eveniftheclonedpetlooksthesameastheo______one,itwon'tbehaveinthesameway.〔根据首字母填空〕We'llhavetomakenewarrangementsforthemeeting,sincemyschedulec______withyours.〔根据首字母填空〕Withregardtoyouroffensiveremarksonraces,wedemandanimmediatea______fromyou.〔根据首字母填空〕Thecompanyhasbeent______fromafamilybusinessintoamulti-million-poundoperation.〔根据首字母填空〕Mr.Greenstoodupindefenceofthe16-year-oldboy,sayingthathewasnottheoneto______〔责备〕.〔根据中文提示单词拼写〕Thenewbridgewassetupasatemporary______〔措施〕toreplacetheonewhichwasdestroyedbyfloods.〔根据中文提示填空〕Assomescientistspointout,______〔玩弄〕withgeneticallymodifiedfoodmayputthewholeeco-systematrisk.〔根据中文提示填空〕Throughcloning,wecanthusmakesurethatwewillhavea______〔可靠的〕supplyofhigh-qualityfoodforyearstocome.〔根据汉语提示单词拼写〕Theofficeunexpectedly______〔大量涌入〕withoffersofhelp,wefeltsurprisedandmovedbypeople'skindness.〔根据中文提示填空〕二、阅读理解〔本大题共15小题，共分〕AYouprobablyknowwhoMarieCuriewas,butyoumaynothaveheardofRachelCarsonOftheoutstandingladieslistedbelow,whodoyouthinkwasthemostimportantwomanofthepast100years？

JaneAddams〔1860～1935〕

AnyonewhohaseverbeenhelpedbyasocialworkerhasJaneAddamstothank.Addamshelpedthepoorandworkedforpeace.Sheencouragedasenseofcommunitybycreatingsheltersandpromotingeducationandservicesforpeopleinneed.In1931，AddamsbecamethefirstAmericanwomantowintheNobelPeacePrize.

RachelCarson〔1907～1964〕

Ifitweren'tforRachelCarson,theenvironmentalmovementmightnotexisttoday.Herpopular1962bookSilentSpringraisedawarenessofthedangersofpollutionandtheharmfuleffectsofchemicalsonhumansandontheworld'slakesandoceans.

SandraDayO'Connor〔1930～present〕

WhenSandraDayO'ConnorfinishedthirdinherclassatStanfordLawSchool,in1952，shecouldnotfindworkatalawfirmbecauseshewasawoman.ShebecameanArizonastatesenator〔参议员〕and,in1981，thefirstwomantojointheU.S.SupremeCourt.O'Connorgavethedecidingvoteinmanyimportantcasesduringher24yearsonthetopcourt.

RosaParks〔1913～2005〕

OnDecember1，1955，inMontgomery,Alabama,RasaParkswouldnotgiveupherseatonabustoapassenger.HersimpleactlandedParksinprison.ButitalsosetofftheMontgomerybusboycott.Itlastedformorethanayear,andkickedoffthecivil-rightsmovement."TheonlytiredIwas,wastiredofgivingin,"saidParks.WhatisJaneAddamsnotedforinhistory？______A.Hersocialwork.

B.Herlackofpropertraininginlaw.

C.Hereffortstowinaprize.

D.Hercommunitybackground.WhatisthereasonforO'Connor'snotbeingacceptedbythelawfirm？______A.Thepoorfinancialconditions.

B.Thediscriminationagainstwomen.

C.Herlittleworkexperienceincourt.

D.Herlackofpropertraininginlaw.Whatcanweinferaboutthewomenmentionedinthetext？______A.Theyarepioneers. B.Theyaretrulycreative.

C.Theyarehighlyeducated. D.Theyarepeace-lovers.BPoppingfoodintothemicrowaveforacoupleofminutesmayseemharmless,andEurope'sstockofthesequick-cookingovensgiveoutasmuchcarbonasnearly7millioncars,anewstudyhasfound,andtheproblemisgrowing.Withcostsfallingandkitchenappliancesbecomingfrequentlyupdated,ownersarethrowingmanymicrowaveafteranaverageofeightyears.Thisispushingsalesofnewmicrowaveswhichareexpectedtoreach135millionannuallyintheEUbytheendofthedecade.

AstudybytheUniversityofManchesterworkedouttheemissionsofcarbondioxide-themaingreenhousegasresponsibleforclimatechange-ateverystageofmicrowaves,fromproductiontowastedisposal〔处理〕."Itiselectricityconsumptionbymicrowavesthathasthebiggestimpactontheenvironment,"saytheauthors,whoalsocalculatethattheemissionsfromusing19microwavesoverayeararethesameasthosefromacar."Accordingtothesamestudy,effortstoreduceconsumptionshouldfocusonimprovingconsmerawarenessandbehaviourtouseappliancesmoreefficiently.Forexample,electricityconsumptionbymicrowavescanbereducedbyadjustingthetimeofcookingtothetypeoffood."

However,DavidReay,professorofcarbonmanagementarguesthat,althoughmicrowavesuseagreatdealofenergy,theiremissionsareminorcomparedtothosefromcars.IntheUKalone,therearearound30millioncars.ThesecarsemitmorethanalltheemissionsfrommicrowavesintheEU.Backingthisup,recentdatashowthatpassengercarsintheUKemitted69milliontonsofcarbondioxidein2021.Thisis10timestheamountthisnewmicrowaveovenstudyestimatesforannualemissionsforallthemicrowaveovensinthewholeoftheEU.Further,theenergyusedbymicrowavesislowerthananyotherformofcooking.Amongcommonkitchenappliancesusedforcooking,microwavesarethemostenergyefficient,followedbyastoveandfinallyastandardoven.Thus,risingmicrowavesalescouldbeseenasapositivething.Whatisthefindingofthenewstudy？______A.TheuseofmicrowavesemitsmoreCO₂，thanpeoplethink.

B.CO2emissionsposeamajorthreattotheenvironment.

C.Thefrequentuseofmicrowavesmaydoharmtoourhealth.

D.Quick-cookingmicrowaveovenshavebecomemorepopular.Whyarethesalesofmicrowavesexpectedtorise？______A.Theyhaveashorterlifecyclethanotherappliances.

B.Theytakelesstimetocookthanotherappliances.

C.Theyaregettingmucheasiertooperate.

D.Theyarebecomingmoreaffordable.WhatrecommendationdoesthestudybytheUniversityofManchestermake？______A.Cookingfoodofdifferentvarieties.

B.Eatinglesstocutenergyconsumption.

C.Improvingmicrowaveusers'habits.

D.Usingmicrowaveovenslessfrequently.WhatdoesProfessorDavidReaythinkoftheuseofmicrowaves？______A.Itplaysapositiveroleinenvironmentalprotection.

B.Itmakeseverydaycookingmuchmoreconvenient.

C.Itwillbecomelesspopularinthecomingdecades.

D.Itconsumesmorepowerthantraditionalcooking.CWhenitcomestofriends,Idesirethosewhowillsharemyhappiness,whopossesswingsoftheirownandwhowillflywithme.Iseekfriendswhosequalitiesilluminate〔照亮〕meandtrainmeupforlove.ItisforthesepeoplethatIreservetheglowinghours,toogoodnottoshare.

WhenIwasintheeighthgrade,Ihadafriend.Wewereshyand"tooserious"aboutourstudieswhenitwasbecomingfashionablewithourclassmatestolearnacceptablesocialbehaviors.Wesaidlittleatschool,butshewouldcometomyhouseandwewouldsitdownwithpencilsandpaper,andoneofuswouldsay,"Let'sstartwithatrainwhistletoday."Wewouldsitquietlytogetherandwriteseparatepoemsorstoriesthatgrewoutofatrainwhistle.Thenwewouldreadthemaloud.Attheendofthatschoolyear,we,too,werechangingintosocialcreaturesandthestoriesandpoemsstopped.

WhenIlivedforatimeinLondon,Ihadafriend.HewasindespairandIwasindespair.Butourfriendshipwasbasedontheideaineachofusthatwewouldbesorrylaterifwedidnotexplorethisgreatcitybecausewehadfeltbadatthetime.WemeteverySundayforfiveweeksandfoundmanyexcellentthings.Wewalkeduntilourdespairsdisappearedandthenweparted.WegaveLondontoeachother.

ForalmostfouryearsIhavehadremarkablefriendswhoseimaginationilluminatesmine.Wewritelonglettersinwhichweoftendiscoverourstrangestselves.Eachofusappears,sometimesinafunnyway,intheother'sdreams.SheandIagreethat,atcertaintimes,weseemtobepartsofthesamemind.Inmymostinterestingmoments,Ioftenthink,"Yes,Imusttell…"Wehavenevermet.

ItissuchcomfortingcompanionsIwishtokeep.Onebrighthourwiththeirkindisworthmoretomethanthelifetimeservicesofapsychologist,whowillonlyfillupthehealingsilencenecessarytothosedarkestmomentsinwhichIwouldratherbemyownbestfriend.Intheeighthgrade,whattheauthordidbeforedevelopingpropersocialbehaviorwasto______A.becomeseriousaboutherstudy

B.gotoherfriend'shouseregularly

C.sharepoemsandstorieswithherfriend

D.learnfromherclassmatesatschoolWhatdoestheunderlinedsentence"WegaveLondontoeachother"inParagraph3probablymean？______A.WepartedwitheachotherinLondon.

B.OurunpleasantfeelingaboutLondondisappeared.

C.WewereunwillingtotearourselvesawayfromLondon.

D.OurexplorationofLondonwasamemorablegifttobothofus.Whatwouldtheauthorprefertodointhedarkestmoments？______A.Tobeleftalone. B.Toseekprofessionalhelp.

C.Tobreakthesilence. D.Tostaywithherbestfriend.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage？______A.UnforgettableExperiences B.NobleCompanions

C.RemarkableImagination D.LifelongFriendshipDAnewgroupofyoungwomen-membersoftheso-calledMillennial〔千禧的〕generation-hasbeenenteringtheworkforceforthepastdecade.Atthestartinglineoftheircareers,theyarebettereducatedthantheirmothersandgrandmothershadbeen-orthantheiryoungmalecounterparts〔相当的人〕arenow.Butwhentheylookahead,theyseeroadblockstotheirsuccess.

Theybelievethatwomenarepaidlessthanmenfordoingthesamejob.Theythinkit'seasierformentogettopjobsthanitisforthem.Andtheyassumethatifandwhentheyhavechildren,itwillbeevenharderforthemtoadvanceintheircareers.

Whilethepublicseegreaterworkplaceequalitybetweenmenandwomennowthanitdid20～30yearsago,mostbelievemorechangeisneeded.AmongMillennialwomen,75%saythiscountryneedstocontinuemakingchangestoachievegenderequalityintheworkplace,comparedwith57%ofMillennialmen.Evenso,relativelyfewyoungwomen〔15%〕saytheyhavebeendiscriminated〔歧视〕againstatworkbecauseoftheirgender.

AsMillennialwomencomeofagetheysharemanyofthesameviewsandvaluesaboutworkastheirmalecounterparts.Theywantjobsthatprovidesecurityandflexibility,andtheyplacerelativelylittleimportanceonhighpay.Atthesametime,however,youngworkingwomenarelesslikelythanmentoaimattopmanagementjobs：34%saythey'renotinterestedinbecomingabossortopmanager；only24%ofyoungmensaythesame.Thegendergaponthisquestionisevenwideramongworkingadultsintheir30sand40s,whenmanywomenfacethetrade-offs〔协调〕thatgowithworkandmotherhood.

ThesefindingsarebasedonanewPewResearchCentersurveyof2，002adults,including810Millennials〔ages18～32〕，conductedOct.7～27，2021.Thesurveyfindsthat,inspiteofthedramaticgainswomenhavemadeineducationalachievementandlaborforceparticipationinrecentdecades,youngwomenviewthisasaman'sworld-justasmiddle-agedandolderwomendo.WhatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraphaboutMillennialwomenstartingtheircareers？______A.Theycangetaheadonlybyworkingharder.

B.TheyexpecttosucceedjustlikeMillennialmen.

C.Theyarebettereducatedthantheirmalecounterparts.

D.Theyaregenerallyquiteoptimisticabouttheirfuture.HowdomostMillennialwomenfeelabouttheirtreatmentintheworkplace？______A.Theyarethetargetofdiscrimination.

B.Theyfinditsatisfactoryonthewhole.

C.Theyfindtheircomplaintsignored.

D.Theythinkitneedsfurtherimproving.Whatarewomenintheir30sand40sconcernedabout？______A.Thefulfillmentoftheirdreamsinlife.

B.Thebalancebetweenworkandfamily.

C.Thenarrowingofthegendergap.

D.Thewelfareoftheirchildren.WhatconclusioncanbedrawnaboutMillennialwomenfromthe2021survey？______A.Theyaccountforhalftheworkforceinthejobmarket.

B.Theyseetheworlddifferentlyfromoldergenerations.

C.Theystillviewthisworldasonecontrolledbymales.

D.Theydobetterinworkthantheirmalecounterparts.三、阅读七选五〔本大题共5小题，共分〕Ifyoustudiedpicturesthatancientpeopleleftonrockwallsandyoutriedtodeterminetheirmeaning,youwouldnotdetectadeepinterestinromanceamongtheartists.〔1〕______Lifeforancientpeopleseemedtocenteronhuntingandgatheringwildfoodsformeals.

〔2〕______Researchersarestudyingwhetherlovecanbecreated,andhowmuchthebraingetsinvolvedinlovematters.Youhaveprobablyheardthatoppositesattractbutthatsimilaritiesattract,too.Onethingiscertain：Thetruthaboutloveisnotyetsetinstone.

FirstImpression

Tohelpdeterminetheelementsofattraction,researcherspaired164collegeclassmatesandhadthemtalkfor3，6or10minutessotheycouldgetasenseofeachother'sindividuality.Thenstudentswereaskedtopredictwhatkindofrelationshiptheywerelikelytobuildwiththeirpartners.Afternineweeks,theyreportedwhathappened.Asitturnedout,theirinitialjudgmentsoftenheldtrue.〔3〕______

TheNoseKnows

Scientistshavealsoturnedtononhumanstoincreaseunderstandingofattraction.Manyanimalsgiveoffpheromones-naturalchemicalsthatcanbedetectedby,andthencanproducearesponsein,otheranimalsofthesamespecies.Pheromonescansignalthatananimaliseitherreadytofightorisfeelingopentopartnerships.〔4〕______Smell,however,doesseemtoplayapartinhumanattraction.Althoughwemaynotbeawareofchemicalslikepheromonesconsciously,wegiveandreceiveloadsofinformationthroughsmellineveryinteractionwithotherpeople.

FaceValue

Beingfondofsomeoneseemstohaveanumberoffactors,includingseeingsomethingwefindattractive.Researchershadpeoplejudgefacesforattractiveness.Theparticipantshad0.013secondstovieweachface,yetsomehowtheygenerallyconsideredtheimagesthesameaspeoplewhohadmoretimetostudythesamefaces.〔5〕______

A.Itiseasytopreparealistofmodernstorieshavingtodowithlove.

B.Thewayweassessattractivenessseemstobesomewhatautomatic.

C.Instead,youwouldseeplentyofanimalswithpeoplerunningafterthem.

D.Peoplerespondedtopositivewordsfasterafterviewinganattractiveface.

E.Studentsseemedtodistinguishatanearlystagewhowouldbestfitintotheirlives.

F.Inmoderntimes,whenfoodisabundant,findingloveismorecentraltopeople'slives.

G.Incontrast,humansdonotseemtobeasgiftedasotheranimalsatdetectingsuchchemicals.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G四、完形填空〔本大题共15小题，共分〕Whenmostofusgetatextmessageonourcellphonefromanunknownperson,weusuallysay"sorry,〔1〕______number!"andmoveon.ButwhenDennisWilliamsreceivedatextthatclearlywasn'tintendedforhim,hedidsomething〔2〕______.

OnMarch19，Dennisgotagrouptext〔3〕______himthatacouplehedidn'tknowwereatthehospital,waitingforthe〔4〕______ofababy.

"Congratulations!ButIthinksomeonewasmistaken,"Dennisresponded.Thebabywasbornandupdatetextswere〔5〕______quicklyfromtheoverjoyedgrandmother,Teresa.Inher〔6〕______，shedidn'tseemtorealizethatshewas〔7〕______thebaby'sphotoswithacompletestranger."Well,Idon'tknowyouallbutIwillgettheretotakepictureswiththebaby,"repliedDennisbeforeaskingwhichroomthenew〔8〕______werein.

Muchtothefamily'ssurprise,Dennisstucktohispromise!Heturnedupatthehospital〔9〕______giftsforthenewmotherLindseyandherbabyboy.Lindsey'shusbandwastotally〔10〕______bytheunexpectedvisit."Idon'tthinkwewouldhaverandomlyinvitedhimoverbutwe〔11〕______itandthegifts."

Teresa〔12〕______aphotoofthechancemeetingonasocialnetworkingwebsite〔13〕______bythetouchingwords："Whata〔14〕______thisyoungmanwastoourfamily!Hewassosweetandkindtodothis."Theposthassincegainedtheattentionofsocialmediausersallovertheworld,receivingmorethan184，000sharesand61，500〔15〕______injustthreedays.

A.unlucky B.secret C.new D.wrong

A.reasonable B.special C.necessary D.practical

A.convincing B.reminding C.informing D.warning

A.wake-up B.recovery C.growth D.arrival

A.comingin B.settingout C.passingdown D.movingaround

A.opinion B.anxiety C.excitement D.effort

A.comparing B.exchanging C.discussing D.sharing

A.parents B.doctors C.patients D.visitors

A.bearing B.collecting C.opening D.making

A.discouraged B.relaxed C.astonished D.defeated

A.admit B.need C.appreciate D.expect

A.found B.selected C.developed D.posted

A.confirmed B.simplified C.clarified D.accompanied

A.pity B.blessing C.relief D.problem

A.hates B.likes C.praises D.critics五、语法填空〔本大题共1小题，共分〕TheMid-AutumnDayisaveryimportanttraditionalfestivalinChina.Ittakesitsnamefromthefactthatit〔1〕______〔celebrate〕inthemiddleoftheautumnseason.TheMid-AutumnFestivalfallsonthe15thdayoftheeighthlunarmonth.ThedayisknownastheMoonFestival,asatthetimeoftheyearthemoonisatitsroundestand〔2〕______〔bright〕.Itisaneveningcelebrationin〔3〕______familiesgathertogetherandeatmooncakes.Besides,〔4〕______〔make〕thehousemorebeautiful,peoplewillhangredlanternsinfrontofit.Onthatday,peoplelookbackonthepastandlookforwardtothefuturetogether.Childrenwillplaywiththeirown〔5〕______〔toy〕andenjoythemselves.

TheMid-AutumnFestivalcelebrationsdateback〔6〕______morethan2，000years.Theword"Mid-Autumn"first〔7〕______〔appear〕inthefamousancientbookZhouLi.However,itwasnot〔8〕______theearlyTangDynastythatpeoplecelebratedthedayasatraditionalfestival.Itbecamean〔9〕______〔official〕establishedfestivalduringtheSongDynasty,andhasbecomeaspopularastheSpringFestivalsincetheMingandQingDynasties.Celebrationshavecontinuedeversinceandmorecustomsfor〔10〕______〔mark〕thisoccasionhavebeenformed.六、书面表达〔本大题共2小题，共分〕假定你是李华，是第一中学的一名学生，请你就学校附近一些印染厂偷排未经处理的废气所造成的极大影响与危害，给常熟市长写一封信反映这一污染问题。内容包括：〔1〕写信目的；〔2〕排放未经处理废气的危害；〔3〕你的诉求。注意：〔1〕词数80左右；〔2〕可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；〔3〕开头和结尾已经给出，不包含在词数内。参考词汇：printinganddyeingmill印染厂

DearMayor,

____________

Yours,

LiHua阅读下面短文，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一个完整的故事。

Shayasked,"Doyouthinkthey'llletmeplay？"Shay'sfatherknewthatmostoftheboyswouldnotwantsomeonelikeShayontheirteam.Afterall,Shaywasnotanormalboy-strickenbyadeadlydisease,hewasbothmentallyandphysicallydisabled.Hewasabitcrippled〔瘸〕andtendedtolosephysicalbalancewhilerunning.Worsestill,hewasintelligentlyretarded-hewasnotascleveraskidsofhisage.ForShay,eachdaymeantafightforsurvival,buteachday,hedesiredtojoinotherkidsingames,andlikeotherkids,hedreamtofbeingaheroofagame.

Shay'sfatherunderstoodthatsoccerwasnotforShay,butifhissonwereallowedtoplay,itwouldgivehimamuch-neededsenseofbelongingandsomeconfidence.HeapproachedoneoftheboysonthefieldandaskedifShaycouldplay,notexpectingmuch.Theboypausedandthoughttohimself,"We'relosingbyonegoalandthegameisinthesecondhalf.Shay'sgonnadecreaseourchancetowin."Hehesitatedforawhilebutsaiddeterminedly,"Iguesshecanbeonourteamandwe'lltrytoputhimonthefield."

Overjoyedandexcited,Shaystruggledovertotheteam'sbenchandputonateamshirtwithabroadsmile.Seeingallthis,hisfatherhadasmalltearinhiseyeandwarmthinheart.SimplyapositiononthebenchwasgoodenoughforShaytoenjoyhisdream.Theboysonbothteamsawthefather'sjoyathissonbeingaccepted.

注意：〔1〕所续写短文的词数应为150左右；〔2〕续写局部分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。答案和解析1.【答案】avor

【解析】答案：favor.由下文的who

oppose

it可知此处指的是"赞同这个方案"，使用介词短语infavorof"赞同"。故答案为：favor.

大多数人赞同这个方案，然而那些反对的人是占少数的。

对于根据首字母填空这种题，要分析句子意思，再从结构上和意义上对答案进行确定。

2.【答案】riginal

【解析】答案：original.由上文的the

cloned

pet可知，隆的宠物看起来和原来的那个一样，使用形容词original"原始的"，修饰下文的one.

故答案为：original.

即使克隆的宠物看起来和原来的那个一样，它的行为举止也不是一致的。

对于根据首字母填空这种题，要分析句子意思，再从结构上和意义上对答案进行确定。

3.【答案】onflicts

【解析】答案：conflicts.此处在since引导的从句中作谓语，根据句意及首字母判断，应为动词conflict"冲突，不一致"，本句陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语是myschedule,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填conflicts.

我们得为会议作新的安排，因为我的日程和你的不一致。

做首字母填空题，首先要弄清句子含义，分析句子结构以确定单词的词性及词义，结合语境拼写出正确的单词形式。

4.【答案】pology

【解析】答案：apology.空格前有animmediate修饰，根据句意及首字母判断，此处应为名词apology,意为"抱歉"，符合语境。故填apology.

关于你在种族问题上的攻击性言论，我们要求你立即抱歉。

做首字母填空题，首先要弄清句子含义，分析句子结构以确定单词的词性及词义，结合语境拼写出正确的单词形式。

5.【答案】ransformed

【解析】答案：transformed.根据句意及首字母判断，此处应为动词transform"使改变"，transformfrom…into…"从…转变成…"，符合语境。主语Thecompany与动词transform之间为被动关系，本句用了现在完成时的被动语态hasbeen+过去分词，故填transformed.

这家公司已从一家家族企业转变为一家数百万英镑的公司。

做首字母填空题，首先要弄清句子含义，分析句子结构以确定单词的词性及词义，结合语境拼写出正确的单词形式。

6.【答案】blame

【解析】答案：blame.blame,根据所给的汉语提示"责备"和空前的动词不定式符号to可知，此处应用动词原形，"责备"的英语是blame,固定短语betoblame意为"应受责备"。故填blame.

格林先生站起来为这位16岁的男孩辩护，说他不应该受到责备。

翻译填空要在理解句子的结构和含义的根底上根据汉语意思选择恰当的词、短语或句型；同时注意所选词的形式变化。

7.【答案】measure/step

【解析】答案：measure/step.句中temporary意为"临时的"，形容词词性，后应接名词。根据汉语提示"措施"可知空格处应用measure/step,为可数名词，根据句中a可知，应用measure的单数形式。故填measure/step.

这座新桥是作为临时措施而建立的，以代替被洪水冲毁的那座桥。

翻译填空要在理解句子的结构和含义的根底上根据汉语意思选择恰当的词、短语或句型；同时注意所选词的形式变化。

8.【答案】toying

【解析】答案：toying.分析句子结构，句子的谓语动词是mayput,空处需填动名词作主语，toy意为"玩弄"，其动名词形式是toying。故填toying。

正如一些科学家指出的那样，玩弄转基因食品可能会使整个生态系统处于危险之中。

翻译填空要在理解句子的结构和含义的根底上根据汉语意思选择恰当的词、短语或句型；同时注意所选词的形式变化。

9.【答案】reliable

【解析】答案：reliable.根据所给的汉语提示"可靠的"和空后的名词supply可知，此处应用形容词修饰名词作定语，修饰名词supply,"可靠的"的英语是reliable,故填reliable.

通过克隆，我们可以确保在未来几年我们将有可靠的高质量食品供给。

翻译填空要在理解句子的结构和含义的根底上根据汉语意思选择恰当的词、短语或句型；同时注意所选词的形式变化。

10.【答案】flooded

【解析】答案：flooded.根据所给的汉语提示"大量涌入"和句子结构可知，此处是独立主格结构，"大量涌入"的英语是flood是动词，theoffice与flood之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用flood的过去分词flooded,故填flooded.

办公室里出人意料地收到了大量的帮助，人们的好意使我们感到惊讶和感动。

翻译填空要在理解句子的结构和含义的根底上根据汉语意思选择恰当的词、短语或句型；同时注意所选词的形式变化。

11.【答案】【小题1】A【小题2】B【小题3】A【解析】〔1〕A．推理判断题。根据第二段的AnyonewhohaseverbeenhelpedbyasocialworkerhasJaneAddamstothank.              任何一个得到社会工作者帮助的人都要感谢JaneAddams。由此可知，JaneAddams在历史上以她的社会工作而闻名。应选A．〔2〕B．细节理解题。根据第四段的WhenSandraDayO'ConnorfinishedthirdinherclassatStanfordLawSchool,in1952            ，             年，SandraDayO'Connor  在斯坦福大学法学院以全班第三名的成绩毕业，因为是女性，她在律师事务所找不到工作。由此可知，律师事务所拒绝O'Connor主要是因为她是一位女性，也就是对妇女的歧视。应选B．〔3〕A．推理判断题。根据文章第一段YouprobablyknowwhoMarieCuriewas,butyoumaynothaveheardofRachelCarson.Oftheoutstandingladieslistedbelow,whodoyouthinkwasthemostimportantwomanofthepast100years？你可能知道玛丽•居里是谁，但你可能没听说过雷切尔•卡森。在下面列出的杰出女性中，你认为谁是过去100年里最重要的女性？后文就例举了几个对社会有重要奉献的女性：珍妮•亚当斯是第一个获得诺贝尔和平奖的美国女性；雷切尔•卡森的作品?寂静的春天?提高了人们对污染的危险性和化学物质对人类和世界湖泊和海洋的危害性的认识；桑德拉•戴•奥康纳是美国首位联邦最高法院女法官；罗莎•帕克斯在公共汽车上拒绝为白人让座，拉开了民权运动的序幕。可知文中提到的几位女性都是先锋人物，应选A．

本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了对人类开展产生重大影响的四位女性JaneAddams、RachelCarson、SandraDayO'Connor以及RosaParks的故事，赞扬她们为人类进步所做出的巨大奉献。

1．直接信息题：直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文根本一致的题目。

2．间接信息题：间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。

3．综合信息题：综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。

14.【答案】【小题1】A【小题2】D【小题3】C【小题4】A【解析】〔1〕A.细节理解题。根据文章第一段"Popping

food

into

the

microwave

for

a

couple

of

minutes

may

seem

harmless,

and

Europe's

stockof

these

quick-cooking

ovens

give

out

as

much

carbon

as

nearly

7

million

cars,

a

new

study

has

found,

and

the

problem

isgrowing."

〔一项新的研究发现，将食物放入微波炉几分钟似乎是无害的，而欧洲储存的这些快速烹饪的烤箱所释放的碳量相当于近700万辆汽车所释放的碳量，而且这个问题还在加剧。〕可知，使用微波释放出的二氧化碳比人们想象的要多。应选A.

〔2〕D.细节理解题。根据文章第一段"With

costs

flling

and

kitchen

appliances

becoming

frequently

updated,

owners

are

throwingmany

microwave

after

an

average

of

eight

years.

This

is

pushing

sales

of

new

microwaves

which

are

expected

to

reach

135million

annually

in

the

EU

by

the

end

of

the

decade."

〔随着本钱的下降和厨房电器的频繁更新，平均使用八年的时间后，业主们会扔掉很多微波炉。这推动了新微波炉的销售，预计到2021年，新微波炉在欧盟的年销量将到达1

35亿部。〕可知，预计微波炉的销量将会上升是因为它们正变得越来越廉价。应选D.

〔3〕C.推理判断题。根据文章第二段"According

to

the

same

study,

efforts

to

reduce

consumption

should

focus

on

improvingconsumer

awareness

and

behavior

to

use

appliances

more

eficiently."

〔根据同一项研究，减少消费的努力应该集中在提高消费者的意识和行为，以更有效地使用电器。〕可知，这项由曼彻斯特大学进行的研究建议改善使用微波炉的习惯。应选C.

〔4〕A.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段"However,

David

Reay,

professor

of

carbon

management

argues

that,

although

microwaves

usea

great

deal

of

energy,

their

emissions

are

minor

compared

to

those

from

cars."〔然而，碳管理教授大卫：雷伊认为，尽管微波消耗大量能源，但与汽车排放的能量相比，它们的排放量微缺乏道。〕和"Further,the

energy

used

by

microwaves

is

lower

thanany

other

form

of

cooking.

Among

common

kitchen

appliances

used

for

cooking,

microwaves

are

the

most

energy

efficient,followed

by

a

stove

and

finally

a

standard

oven.

Thus,rising

microwave

sales

could

be

seen

as

a

positive

thing."

〔此外，微波所使用的能量比任何其他形式的烹饪都要低。在常用的厨房用具中，微波炉是最节能的，其次是炉子，最后是标准烤箱。因此微波炉销量的上升可以看作是一件好事。〕可知，大卫：雷伊教授认为微波炉对环境保护起到了积极的作用。应选A.

这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项新的研究发现，将食物放入微波炉几分钟似乎是无害的，微波所使用的能量比任何其他形式的烹饪都要低。因此，微波炉销量的上升可以看作是一件好事。

阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意。因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料。其次，细读题材，各个击破。掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息。要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性．对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。

18.【答案】【小题1】C【小题2】D【小题3】A【小题4】B【解析】〔1〕C．细节理解题。从第二段中."Wewouldsitquietlytogetherandwriteseparatepoemsorstoriesthatgrewoutofatrainwhistle.Thenwewouldreadthemaloud.〔我们会静静地坐在一起，根据火车汽笛声写各自的诗歌或故事。然后我们会大声朗读它们。〕"可知，作者在八年级的时候，在和朋友开展正确的社会行为之前通过写诗或故事来沟通。应选C项。〔2〕D．句意猜想题。通过第三段中"WemeteverySundayforfiveweeksandfoundmanyexcellentthings.Wewalkeduntilourdespairsdisappearedandthenweparted.〔我和朋友连续五周的周日都一起寻找伦敦美好的事情，他们一起散步直到彼此的伤心和绝望消失为止。〕"可知，作者和朋友通过在伦敦共同探险和散步来让彼此摆脱伤心绝望的坏心情，可以说是双方在心情糟糕时送给彼此的一个珍贵的礼物。应选D项。〔3〕A．细节理解题。从最后一段"thosedarkestmomentsinwhichIwouldratherbemyownbestfriend.〔在那些最黑暗的时刻我更愿意做自己最好的朋友〕"可知，作者在那些最黑暗的时刻更愿意独处，"tobeleftalone."应选A项。〔4〕B.标题归纳题。作者在文章中介绍了自己在几个不同时期的好朋友，与这几位好朋友的友谊都是高尚的、纯洁的，他们都在相应的时期给了作者很大的帮助并留下了深刻的印象。从文章最后一段中的"ItissuchcomfortingcompanionsIwishtokeep."〔我想一直拥有这样的舒适的伙伴关系〕也可以看出，这样的companions是作者给予高度评价的，是comforting〔抚慰的、舒适的〕的。选项B中的noble意为：高尚的。符合作者对朋友的定义。应选B项。

这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在人生不同时期遇到的几个好朋友对作者的帮助和影响。

阅读理解题测试考生在阅读根底上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

22.【答案】【小题1】C【小题2】D【小题3】B【小题4】C【解析】〔1〕C.细节理解题。根据第一段中的"At

the

starting

line

of

their

careers,

they

are

better

educated

than

their

mothers

andgrandmothers

had

been

-

-

-

or

than

their

young

male

counterparts

are

now."在她们职业生涯的起跑线上，她们比她们的母亲和祖母受过更好的教育，或者比她们的年轻男性同龄人现在受的教育更好。由此可知，开始职业生涯的千禧一代女性比同龄男性受教育程度更高。应选C。〔2〕D.推理判断题。根据第三段中的While

the

public

see

greater

workplace

equality

between

men

and

women

now

than

it

did

20～30years

ago,

most

believe

more

change

is

needed.虽然公众看到现在的职场男女比20～30年前更加平等，但大多数人认为还需要更多的改变。由此推知，千禧一代女性认为她们的职场待遇需要进一步改善。应选D。〔3〕B.细节理解题。根据第四段中的"The

gender

gap

on

this

questi