高三英语一轮复习构词法课件

Aguidetowordformation构词法

Whydowelearnwordformation?Becauseitcreatesaseaofwords.……木杨、榕、桂、杉钅铁、钉、钱、银讠说、话、讲、谈InChinese,InEnglish，构词法派生法（Derivation）合成法(Compounding)转化法（Conversion）缩略法（Abbreviation）addingaprefixorsuffixchangingthepartofspeechcombiningtwoormorewordsshorteningsomewords

派生法（Derivation）Prefix前缀Root词根Suffix后缀Derivation（派生）anewwordunbelievableableun词根root前缀prefix后缀suffixWhatprefixesandsuffixeshavewelearnt?un-否定前缀dis-in-im-mis-non-

understandpolitesmokeragreefairvisible前缀含义例词rewrite;remarry,rethinkex-husband;ex-loverforeword（前言）;forethought(先见)post-reading;post-election;post-warpre-reading,pre-prepared,pre-adolescentmidnight,midsummer,midautumn前缀含义例词re-rewrite;remarry,rethinkex-ex-husband;ex-loverforeforeword（前言）;forethought(先见)postpost-reading;post-election;post-warpre-pre-reading,pre-prepared,pre-adolescentmid-midnight,midsummer,midautumntimeandorderagain,backformerbeforeafterbeforemiddle前缀含义例词transtranslate,transportinter-international;internetex-export,exitforeforehead,forearm,forelegunderunderground,underlinein,im-inside,importfromoneplacetoanotherbetween,amongoutfrontpartofbelowLocative

前缀含义例词monomonologue(独白)，bi-bicycle,bilateral(双边的，双方的)tri-triangle（三角形）,tricolorsemi-semicircle（半圆）;semifinal（半决赛）;multi-multi-national;multi-media;multi-culturalNumber

onetwothreehalfmany前缀含义例词mini-mini-bus;mini-bike;mini-cameraover-over-anxious;over-active;over-confidentextra-extra-solar;extra-curriculum;micro-microfilm;microcomputersuper-supermarket;superpower,superman,out-outnumberoutperformlittleexcessive过于(beyond超出范围...以外)verysmallmorethan,beyondDegreeorSizebeyond2.suffixes

Noun后缀例词+erteacher,worker,reader,farmer,writer+ordoctor,visitor,actor,inventor+essactress,hostess,waitress+istscientists,artist,dentist+arbeggar+eseChinese,Japanese,+icianmusician,physician(医生)people后缀例词v.+mentargument;judgment;entertainment;-nesshappiness;illness-shipleadership;friendship;ownershipn.+fulmouthful;handful;spoonful;glassful-ismsocialism;materialism-alrefusal;arrival;approval;Noun.Adj.后缀例词-alnational;personal;industrial-anAmerican;African;European-ernwestern;eastern;northern-ablereasonable,believable,unbearable-fuluseful;careful;cheerful;beautiful-ishchildish;selfish;foolish-iveactive;creative,positive后缀例词-ousvarious;anxious,;nervous-sometroublesome;lonesome,tiresome-likechildlike;womanlike;fatherlike-lyfriendly,lovely,orderly-lesscareless,harmless,homelessVerb后缀例词-enwiden,strengthen,shorten,quicken-fybeautify,simplify,purify,satisfyizeorganize,realize,nationalize(国有化)

前缀prefix

后缀suffix否定前缀其它前缀名词后缀形容词后缀副词后缀动词后缀位置数量程度、大小时间、顺序(1)观察以上组别的单词，加了前缀、后缀之后单词的词义与词性(partofspeech)改变了吗？(2)一个前缀只有一种含义吗？（3）同一后缀只有一种词性吗？Rules:1.加前缀一般只改变_____________.

加后缀往往改变了______________.2.一个前缀可以有

个意思；一个后缀也可以使单词有

种词性。词义词性多多总结规律：warprewarinterwarpostwar战前的两次战争期间的战后的Howtouseit???pre-before

在……前的pre+view=previewpre+pay=prepay(预习)(预付)inter-between

在……之间，相互interpersonalinternational（人与人之间的）（国际间的）post-after在……后的

postgraduatepostgame（研究生）（赛后）activityreactactoractiveactionactactressreaction反应

合成法(Compounding)把两个或两个以上的词素放到一起构成一个新的词汇batman＋＝sleep-walk梦游pain-killer＋＝止痛药Those“ladies”arebeautiful.shemaleshe+maleGender(性别):MaleorFemale?lady+boyladyboy

Brainstormsunsunglassessunlightsunrisesunshinesunburntsunsetsunflowersunbathsuncream…1．合成名词构成方式例词名词＋名词名词＋动词名词＋动词-ing形式名词＋介词名词＋介词＋名词代词＋名词动词＋名词动词＋副词动词-ing形式＋名词形容词＋名词副词＋名词介词＋名词weekend周末daybreak黎明handwriting书法looker-on旁观者editor-in-chief总编辑she-wolf母狼typewriter打字机sit-up仰卧起坐reading-room阅览室gentleman绅士overcoat大衣afternoon下午小红本P5[即时测试1]——写出下列句子中加黑词的构成方式及含义(1)(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Anewstudyshowsthatwildnessinurban城市的

areasisextremelyimportantforhumanwell-being.构成方式：____________________含义：___________(2)(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Theysurveyedseveralhundredpark-goers,askingthemtosubmitawrittensummaryonlineofameaningfulinteractiontheyhadwithnatureinthepark.构成方式：________________含义：______________(3)(人教选必二U2)WhenIgotlost,Ihadtoaskpassers-by

forhelp,butpeopleherespeakfastandusewordsI'mnotfamiliarwith.构成方式：________________含义：____________(4)(译林必修二U2)Strengthtraining,suchaspull-upsandweightlifting,increasesmusclestrengthandencouragesbonedevelopment.构成方式：________________含义：________________副词＋名词幸福名词＋名词去公园的人小红本P5名词＋介词路人动词＋副词引体向上2．合成形容词构成方式例词名词＋形容词名词＋动词-ing形式名词＋介词＋名词名词＋动词-ed形式数词＋名词数词＋名词＋形容词数词＋副词动词＋副词snow-white雪白的English-speaking讲英语的face-to-face面对面的man-made人造的one-way单行的two-year-old两岁的first-ever首次的see-through透明的构成方式例词形容词＋名词形容词＋形容词形容词＋动词-ing形式副词＋形容词副词＋动词-ing形式副词＋动词-ed形式副词＋名词high-class高级的light-blue浅蓝色的good-looking相貌好看的ever-green常青的hard-working勤劳的well-known著名的downhill下坡的[即时测试2]——写出下列句子中加黑词的构成方式及含义(1)(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Hedevelopedagreenhouse-like

facilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1，600homesinSouthBurlington.构成方式：____________________含义：________________(2)(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Inafollow-up

studywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.构成方式：__________________含义：__________________(3)(2023·全国甲卷)Thisplaceisgoodforacandle-lit

dinneroraworkmeetingwithcolleagueswhoappreciatefinefood.构成方式：___________________含义：______________(4)(2023·全国乙卷)Afterwefoundacrazy-looking

roadthathungoverabunchofrocks,wedecidedtophotographthesceneatsunset.构成方式：______________________含义：______________名词＋形容词类似温室的动词＋副词后续的小红本P6样子古怪的名词＋动词-ed形式点着蜡烛的形容词＋动词-ing形式3．合成动词构成方式例词名词＋动词形容词＋动词副词＋动词sleep-walk梦游white-wash粉刷uplift鼓励；激励[即时测试3]——写出下列句子中加黑词的构成方式及含义(1)(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.构成方式：______________含义：______________(2)(2022·全国甲卷)Thesegentle,lovelygatekeeperswelcomedherandkick-started

whatwastobeatripGinniwouldneverforget.构成方式：______________含义：______________(3)(2021·全国甲卷)It'stheseasidebirdsthatdeserveatleastpartoftheblameforgettingNickBurchillblacklistedattheFairmontEmpressHotelinVictoria,Canada.构成方式：_____________

含义：_______________名词＋动词自我修复名词＋动词启动形容词＋动词把……列入黑名单小红本P64．合成副词构成方式例词形容词＋名词形容词＋副词副词＋副词介词＋名词介词＋副词hot-foot匆忙地everywhere到处however尽管如此beforehand事先forever永远混成法/混合法(Blending)

混成法，即将两个词混合或各取一部分紧缩而成一个新词的构词方法。后半部分表示主体；前半部分表示属性。newsbroadcast→newscast

新闻广播televisionbroadcast→telecast

电视广播smokeandfog→smog

烟雾

helicopterairport→heliport

直升机场

转化法（Conversion）春风又绿江南岸。驴不胜怒，蹄之。形容词动词名词动词单词可从一种词性转化为另一种词性。单词转化前后的意义联系密切。2.Therainpoureddown.rain动词rain名词1.Itrainscatsanddogs.Guessthemeaningsoftheunderlinedwordsandtheirpartofspeech(词性)1.TaylorSwiftisherfavourite

singer.2.ShelovesalotofsingersbutTaylorSwiftisherfavourite.

n.意为“最喜爱的东西或人”a.意为“最喜爱的”3.TouristsmusttryhotpotwhentheyvisitSichuan.4.Hotpotisa

mustforalltouriststotasteinSichuan.n.意为“必须做（买、看）的事”v.意为“必须做”5.Thechildwaslookingatthechocolatecakewithhisgreedyeyes.6.Thechildwaseyeingthechocolatecakegreedily.v.意为“注视”n.意为“眼睛”动词转化为名词[即时测试]——写出下列句子中加黑词的词性及含义1．master

v．掌握；精通n．大师；硕士(1)(人教必修一U3)Theymustbeathleteswhoaremastersintheirsportsandalsosetgoodexamplesforothers.____________(2)Theprogramrequiresstudentstomasteratleasttwobasicphysicalexerciseskillsanddosportsforatleastonehouraday.____________(3)(人教必修二U5)Hegraduatedfromuniversityin1995,andthenreceivedamaster'sdegreeinmusicalcomposition创作，作曲

fromtheJuilliardSchoolinNewYorkin1997.____________n.大师v.掌握n.硕士小红本P42．cover

v．覆盖；涵盖；包括n．封皮(1)(外研必修一U6)Duringautumn,thesesamemountainsaregold,andinwintertheyarecoveredinsheets被单，片材ofwhitefrost霜.____________(2)(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Toserveitsfunction发挥作用,abookmustbeactivated激活byauser:thecoveropened,thepagesparted分离,thecontentsreviewed,perhapsnoteswrittendownorwordsunderlined.____________(3)(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)The2.5-hourtourcoverstheGooyerWindmill风车房,theSkinnyBridge,theRijksmuseum,HeinekenBreweryandmuchmore.____________v.覆盖n.封皮v.涵盖；包括小红本P4名词转化为动词物件、身体部位、某类人的名词某些抽象名词[即时测试]——写出下列句子中加黑词的词性及含义3．honour

n．荣誉；荣幸vt.尊敬，尊重；给予表扬；纪念(1)Nextmonth,thecitywillopenanewparktohonourthosewhodiedintheterribleearthquake.____________(2)(人教选必三U4)Shackletonwasoneofthemostfamousexplorersofhisdayanditwasconsideredagreathonourtobepartofhisexpeditions探险.____________(3)(人教选必二U1)On31October2009,thewholecountrywassaddened使悲伤byQian'sdeath,andpeoplehonouredandrememberedhimindifferentways.

____________vt.纪念n.荣幸vt.尊敬，尊重小红本P44．power

n．权力；能力；有影响力的大国v．驱动，推动(1)(人教选必三U2)Youhavethepowertobuildahappyandhealthylifefullofgoodhabits!____________(2)(人教选必一U1)Circumstances环境，条件changedin1933,whenHitlercametopowerinGermany.____________(3)Inthepastmostmotorvehicleswerepoweredbyburningpetrol,whichproducesgreenhousegases.____________(4)Thisyearwasmarkedbyamajoradjustmentintherelationsbetweenworldpowers._____________________n.能力n.权力v.驱动，推动n.有影响力的大国小红本P4名词转化为形容词名词可以直接用作定语修饰另一个名词，即不需要加形容词词尾，也不需要任何格式的变化。[即时测试]——写出下列句子中加黑词的词性及含义5．expert

n．专家adj.熟练的；内行的(1)JohnSnowwasafamousdoctorinLondon—soexpert,indeed,thatheattended陪同；处理，照料；出席，参加QueenVictoriaasherpersonalphysician.____________________(2)(人教必修二U1)Experts

investigated侦查，调查theissue,conducted实施severaltests,andthenmadeaproposal提议，建议

forhowthebuildingscouldbesaved.____________adj.熟练的；内行的n.专家小红本P46．flat

n．公寓，套房adj.平躺的；平坦的；撒了气的(1)Britishpeopletendtouseflat

whileAmericangenerallyuseapartment.____________(2)(人教必修一U2)PERUisacountryonthePacific太平洋(的)coastofSouthAmericawiththreemainareas：narrow,dry,flatlandrunningalongthecoast,theAndesMountains,andtheAmazonrainforest._________________(3)Wehadaflattyre(轮胎)andIwastryingtochangethewheel._________________n.公寓，套房adj.平坦的adj.撒了气的小红本P4形容词词转化为动词/副词有些形容词可以转化为动词，表示“使……变得、成为”形容词转化为副词时常用于修饰介宾短语[即时测试]——写出下列句子中加黑词的词性及含义7．average

adj.平均的，普通的v．平均(1)(人教选必三U3)Thenwhatiscausingtheincrease增加，增长

intheglobalaveragesurfacetemperature?____________(2)(人教选必二U4)Edmontonisfreezing极冷的，冰冻的coldinwinter,withdailytemperaturesaveraging

－10℃.____________(3)(外研选必四U6)Guidedbyacomputerthatwasmuchlesspowerfulthantheonesusedbytoday'saverageschoolstudents,allthreeastronautsoftheApollo11mission使命，指责，重要任务

madeitsafelybacktoEarth.____________adj.平均的v.平均adj.普通的小红本P48．right

adj.正确的；恰当的adv.正好(在某个位置)(1)(2023·全国甲卷)Thebesttableinthistwo-story两层楼的

colonial/kəˈləʊniəl/殖民地的

Thaihomeoffersawindowrightintothekitchen.________________________(2)(人教选必二U3)Itisuptoyoutodecidehowyouwanttolive,andtomaketherightdecisionsaboutyourdiet.____________________(3)(人教必修二U1)Findingandkeepingtherightbalancebetweenprogress进步

andtheprotectionofculturalsites文化遗址canbeabigchallenge.____________adv.正好(在某个位置)adj.正确的adj.恰当的小红本P4一词多义

除了术语，多数的词都是多义词。要准确把握词义，就要利用语境，即理解其所在的句子、段落或语篇。[即时测试]——写出下列句子中加黑词的词性及含义9．track

n．轨道；路线，方向；足迹，痕迹；小路v．追踪；跟踪(1)(人教选必一U2)Smarttoilets抽水马桶，厕所willbekeepingconstant持续不断的

trackofyourhealthaswell.____________(2)(人教选必二U3)Ifyouareusingfoodmostlyfornutrition营养,thenyouareontherighttrackwithyourdiet.____________(3)(人教选必四U4)Ittakesme

onlyafewminutestowalktoschooldownadustytrack

coveredinweeds.____________(4)Heputscamerasinsidenestingboxes巢箱

totrackthebirds'sleepingpatterns模式，方式.____________n.痕迹n.路线，方向小红本P5n.小路v.跟踪10．strike

n.罢工；侵袭v．撞击；给(某人以……)印象；侵袭；擦，划(火柴)；突然想到；罢工；(时钟)敲响【strike--struck--struck/striken】(1)(人教必修一U4)Theunderseaquakestruckaround7：00a．m.,SundayoffthewestcoastofIndonesia'sSumatraIsland.____________(2)(人教必修二U2)Watchingthemmoveslowlyacrossthegreengrass,I'mstruckbytheirbeauty.______________________v.侵袭v.给(某人以……)印象小红本P5bestruckby为……所感动，被……所触动，被……打动

缩略法（Abbreviation）VeryImportantPersonChiefExecutiveOfficerChinaCentralTelevisionWorldTradeOrganizationVirtualRealityPhotoshopVIPCEOCCTVWTOVRPS单词首字母缩略1．截头telephone→phone

aeroplane→plane

omnibus→bus

earthquake→quake

telescope→scope望远镜2．去尾examination→exam

kilogram→kilo

laboratory→lab

taxicab→taxi

advertisement→ad

application→app3．截头去尾influenza→flu流感

refrigerator→fridge

prescription→script处方截头去尾：词义和词性保持不变WordFormation构词法Abbreviation(缩写)Compounding(合成)Conversion(转化)Derivation(派生)Prefix前缀Suffix后缀SummaryⅠ.根据汉语意思及构词法写出派生词或合成词1．________________adj.

高品质的2．________________n. 自我宽恕3．________________adv. 预先，事先4．________________n. 剪纸5．________________adj. 志同道合的6．________________adj. 空手的；一无所获的7．________________adj. 令人垂涎欲滴的8．________________adj. 激烈的9．________________v. 使负担过重10．________________n. 激动；兴奋high-qualityself-forgivenessbeforehandpaper-cuttinglike-mindedempty-handedmouth-wateringhard-foughtoverburdenexcitement小红本P7Ⅱ.真题感悟：写出下列句子中加黑词的构词法及含义1．(2023·全国甲卷)Ourhopeistohaveaclean,attractant-free

placewherebearscanpassthroughwithoutlearningbadhabits.构词法：________________________含义：______________2．(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Ifforwhateverreasons,people'serrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.构词法：________________含义：______________3．(2023·全国甲卷)TheirrecoveryhasbeensosuccessfulthattheU．S.FishandWildlifeServicehastwiceattemptedtode-listgrizzlies,whichwouldloosenlegalprotectionsandallowthemtobehunted.构词法：______________________含义：______________4．(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Yet，bylearningtolivewithimperfection,youwillsaveyourselfheadachesandawastepaperbasketfullofcrumpled(弄皱)paper.构词法：________________含义：______________5．(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Wefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution.构词法：________________含义：______________合成法(名词＋形容词)派生法无引诱剂的有相互关系的合成法(形容词＋名词)派生法派生法野生动物不完美相互作用Ⅲ.选出下列句子中加黑词的词性及含义1．(1)MauriceAshleywaskindandsmart,aformergraduate

returningtoteach,andthisjobwasnogameforhim.________(2)(人教必修一U1)IknowthatChineseisaverydifficultlanguage,butIhopetobefluentwhenIgraduate.________A.v.毕业B．n.毕业生2．(1)(人教必修二U1)Inthe1950s,theEgyptiangovernmentwantedtobuildanewdamacrosstheNileinordertocontrolfloods,produceelectricity,andsupplywatertomorefarmersinthearea.________(2)(人教选必一U2)Thisway,youwillbeabletofixtheproblembeforeyourhomebecomesfloodedorcatchesfire.________A.n.洪水B．v.淹没BAAB3．(1)(人教选必一U5)Throughintenseeffort,Yuanovercameenormoustechnicaldifficultiestodevelopthefirsthybridricethatcouldbeusedforfarmingin1974.________(2)Overcomewithbitterdisappointmentathisfailingtowinaprize,helockedhimselfinhisroom.________(3)Theresidentsweretryingtoescapefromthefirebuttheywereovercomebysmoke.________A.vt.受到……的极大影响B．vt.熏倒，熏死

C.vt.克服CABⅣ.语法填空(2024·温州一模)Gathertogetheracoupleofgoodfriendsandtakealeisurely慢悠悠的，从容地

walkthroughthestreets—thisis1.____________manyyoungsters年轻人，小孩

inChinaenjoydoingwhentheyvisitanewcity.Tothem,Citywalkmeansroaming(漫步)aroundthecityonfoot步行.Itcanbeaspecial2.____________(guide)tripforasmallgroupofpeople,3.____________simplyaleisurelywalkforoneortwotoexplorenewareas,stickingto坚持thekeypoint:avoidingfamousscenicspots景点

andbigcrowdstogain4.____________moreinclusiveexperienceoftheplacestheyvisit.whatguidedoraCitywalknotonlyoffersawayforyoungpeopletointeractwith与相互作用

acitybutalso5.____________(provide)themwithanewsocialscene社交场景.XiaoYiyi,aCitywalk6.____________(enthusiastic热情的),launched发起

herChangsharouteonhersocialmediaaccount社交媒体账号,includingmoreoffbeat离奇的，标新立异的

sightslikehistoricalsites历史遗迹

andevenastop-off中途分道；中途停留

7.____________(samplen.样品v.品尝)thelocalcuisine烹饪，菜肴.Manytourguidesalsotrytoexpand扩大，增加theirinfluenceonline,8.____________(share)theirexperienc