2013年10月中国科学院考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2013年10月中国科学院考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.StructureandVocabulary2.Cloze3.ReadingComprehension4.English-ChineseTranslation5.WritingStructureandVocabulary1．Abruptlythegroundfellawayfromourfeet,andan______voidopenedbeforeus.A．anxiousB．audibleC．awesomeD．amiable正确答案：C解析：本题考查形容词的语义。A焦虑的，发愁的；B听得见的；C令人敬畏的，令人惊叹的；D和蔼可亲的，令人愉悦的。该句的大意为：突然大地从我们脚下陷落下去，一块可怕的凹陷出现在我们面前。2．Autobiographicaladvertisingcan______consumers’pastmemoriesabouttheproductorbrand.A．exaggerateB．excavateC．extractD．evoke正确答案：D解析：本题考查动词与名词的搭配。A夸张，夸大；B挖空，挖掘；C(费力地)取出；采掘，提炼；D唤起，引起；使人想起。该句的大意为：自传性质的广告可以唤起消费者对于该产品或该品牌的回忆。3．Manyanimalsareonthe______ofdisappearingfromthefaceoftheearthandzooscanprovidethemwithasafeplacetoliveandbreed.A．rangeB．vergeC．partD．link正确答案：B解析：本题考查介词与名词的搭配。A山脉，排、行、走向；B边，边沿，边缘；C一部分，组成部分；D连接，纽带。该句的大意为：许多动物濒临灭绝，动物园可以为它们提供一个安全的地方生存、繁衍。4．Ifcostscontinueto______,thestatewillnotbeabletoaffordthisschemeforlong,anditwillbecomeunpopular.A．soarB．shootC．swingD．settle正确答案：A解析：本题考查名词与动词的搭配。A猛增，剧增；B射中；C摇摆，摆动；D安顿，使安居，确立(制度等)。该句的大意为：如果费用继续猛增的话，国家将无法长期承担这一计划，该计划(最终)将无人问津。5．There’sa______inthefactthatalthoughwe’relivinglongerthaneverbefore,peoplearemoreobsessedwithhealthissuesthantheyeverwere.A．paradoxB．dilemmaC．polarityD．misconception正确答案：A解析：本题考查名词的语义和句子的逻辑关系，是一道语境题。A似是而非的矛盾说法；B进退两难的困境，窘境；C极，(性质、特点等)正好相反，截然对立；D误解，错误印象。该句的大意为：矛盾的是，尽管我们现在比任何时候都更长寿，但是人们也比任何时候都更困扰于健康问题。6．______,Mr.Halladmitsthathepushedtoohard,andultimatelyhiseffortsfailed.A．InessenceB．InduecourseC．OnaverageD．Inretrospect正确答案：D解析：本题考查介词短语。A本质上，大体上，其实；B到时候，在今后适当的时候；C平均起来；D回想起来，回顾往事。该句的大意为：回想起来，霍尔先生承认当时推得过猛，最终他的努力失败了。7．AtaxicabandalaundrytruckmissedeachotherbyinchesonSixthAvenue,stoppinginsuchapositionthateach______theother’sprogress.A．imploredB．implementedC．impededD．imparted正确答案：C解析：本题考查动词的形近词辨析。A恳求，乞求；B使生效，履行，实施；C妨碍，阻碍，阻止；D给予、传授，告知、通知。该句的大意为：一辆出租车和一辆洗衣店的卡车在第六大道以毫厘之差几乎相撞，并且两辆车停的位置都阻碍了对方的通行。8．Inhernewnovel,“Annabel,”reviewedthisweekinthemagazine,KathleenWinter______thenature-nurturedivide.A．outgrowsB．exploresC．perceivesD．contends正确答案：B解析：本题考查动词的语义。A长大(或发展)得使……不再适用；B探索，探究，调查研究；C感知、感觉，认识到、意识到；D搏斗，争斗。该句的大意为：在凯瑟琳-温德的新小说《安娜贝尔》一书中，作者探讨了先天与后天的区别。9．Theydriftedonthelake,fishingandcatchingshrimpto______.A．getbyB．getoverC．getalongD．getacross正确答案：A解析：本题考查动词短语。A通过，设法，继续存在；B克服，使度过，走完；C相处，进展，前进；D横过(马路、河流等)，使被理解，使被接受。该句的大意为：他们在湖上漂流着，依靠打鱼捕虾度日。10．InsomeCaliforniahousingestates,akeyaloneisinsufficienttogetsomeoneinthedoor;hisorhervoiceprintmustalsobe______.A．duplicatedB．perceivedC．acquiredD．verified正确答案：D解析：本题考查动词的语义和句子的逻辑关系，是一道语境题。A复制；B感知，感受；C(尤指通过努力)取得，获得，学到；D证明、证实，核实、查清。该句的大意为：在加州的一些住房里单靠钥匙是开不了门的，还需验证房主的语音信息。11．Francewillloweritstaxrateonfoodanddrinksatrestaurantsinhopesof______touristsandlocalstostrugglingcafes,whichmeansasavingof$7.05ona$50meal.A．usheringB．initiatingC．luringD．trapping正确答案：C解析：本题考查动词与名词的搭配。A引，领，招待；B开始，创始；C吸引、引诱，诱惑；D设陷阱捕捉。该句的大意为：为了吸引游客和其他人，从而拯救艰难度日的餐馆，法国将降低餐饮业中食品和酒水的税率。这样一来，50美元的一顿饭可以节省7．05美元。12．Inaglobaleconomythathasproducedmoredramaticupsanddownsthananyonethoughtpossible,Asiamaybe______anotherdishearteningplunge.A．takinginB．headingforC．longingforD．spreadingout正确答案：B解析：本题考查动词短语。A吸引，领会，包括；B朝……进发，奔，走向；C渴望，羡慕，憧憬；D伸展，延长，分散。该句的大意为：如今的全球经济已经产生了更多的任何人都无法想象的大起大落，而亚洲可能会面临一个更令人沮丧的经济猛跌。13．Inthe1970s,hebecameatirelesspromoterforthedrugasacurefordepression—whichheoncesufferedfrom—andother______.A．ailmentsB．therapiesC．tollsD．addictions正确答案：A解析：本题考查名词语义和句子中的并列关系，是一道语境题。A疾病，病痛；B疗法，治疗；C(事故等)伤亡人数；D入迷，嗜好。该句的大意为：在20世纪70年代，他一直不知疲倦地宣传这种药物，认为它可以用来治疗抑郁症(他自己曾得过)和其他疾病。14．Hearingthenews,shecouldfeelanger______insideher.A．stumblingB．staggeringC．twistingD．surging正确答案：D解析：本题考查名词与动词的搭配。A绊脚、绊倒，结结巴巴地说；B摇晃，蹒跚；C使转动，使盘绕，使扭转；D起伏，汹涌、猛冲。该句的大意为：听到这个消息，她感觉到自己怒火中烧。15．Manyadvertisersremain______oftheInternetandquestionhowheavilytorelyonit.A．inconsistentB．supportiveC．skepticalD．prospective正确答案：C解析：本题考查形容词的语义。A不一致的，不协调的；B支持的，维持的；C惯于怀疑的，表示怀疑的；D预期的，未来的，即将发生的。该句的大意为：许多广告商依旧对互联网持怀疑态度，质疑人们对网络的依赖。16．Iftheexpertadviceismorepositive,willtheparentsbeableto______attitudeswhichhavebuiltupoverdecadesinafewdays?A．approveofB．shrugoffC．showoffD．pickup正确答案：B解析：本题考查动词短语。A赞成，赞同；B耸肩表示蔑视或表示对……不屑理睬，摆脱；C炫耀，卖弄；D捡起，(尤指偶然地、无意地、不费劲地)得到，学会。该句的大意为：如果专家的建议更积极，家长们会在短短几天内就能摆脱几十年形成的观点吗?17．Itwillbeveryhelpfulifparentshaveseentheschoolenvironmentandknowwhatkindoftaskstheschoolwill______onthedailylifeoftheirchild.A．composeB．imposeC．disposeD．expose正确答案：B解析：本题考查动词与介词的搭配。A组成、构成，作曲；B征税，加(负担、惩罚等)于……、把……强加于；C排列、布置，安排、处理；D暴露，使遭受，使处于……作用(或影响)之下。该句的大意为：如果父母已经亲眼看到学校的环境，并且了解学校将给他们的孩子布置什么样的作业，这会非常有用。18．Theauthorskillfullyfusesthesefragmentsintoa______whole.A．congestiveB．corporateC．collaborativeD．cohesive正确答案：D解析：本题考查形容词的语义。A充血的，引起拥堵的；B(结成)社团的，合伙的；C合作的，协作的，协力完成的；D团结的，有聚合性的。该句的大意为：作者巧妙地将这些片段融合成一个连贯统一的整体。19．______hisseemingrebellionagainstmiddle-classvalues,heremainsessentiallymiddle-class.A．InsteadofB．AsforC．ForallD．Butfor正确答案：C解析：本题考查连接词的用法。A(用……)代替……，(是……)而不是……；B至于、关于，就……方面来说；C尽管，虽然；D要不是。该句的大意为：尽管他的价值观看上去和中产阶级的格格不人，本质上来讲他仍是中产阶级。20．It’sverydifficultto______theexactmeaningofanidiominaforeignlanguage.A．exchangeB．transferC．convertD．convey正确答案：D解析：本题考查动词的近义词辨析。A更换，交换；B改变，转变；C使转变、使转化，使改变信仰；D传播、传递，表达、传达。该句的大意为：很难将外语中俗语的意思精准地传达出来。Cloze“Pain,”asAlbertSchweitzeroncesaid,“isamoreterriblelordofmankindthanevendeathitself.“Prolongedpaindestroysthequalityoflife.Itcan【C1】______thewilltolive,attimes【C2】______peopletosuicide.Thephysicaleffectsareequally【C3】______Severe,persistentpaincanspoilsleepandappetite,【C4】______producingfatigueandreducingtheavailabilityofnutrientstoorgans.Itmay【C5】______delayrecoveryfromillnessorinjuryand,inweakenedorelderlypatients,maymakethedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath.【C6】______,therearesomekindsofpainthatexistingtreatmentscannotease.【C7】______doctorscandolittleinthesecasesisterriblydistressingforeveryoneinvolvedbutiscertainly【C8】______Whatseemslessunderstandableisthatmanypeoplesuffernotbecausetheirdiscomfortisuntreatablebutbecausephysiciansareoftenreluctantto【C9】______morphine.Morphineisthesafest,mosteffectivepainkillerknownforconstant,severepain,butitisalso【C10】______forsomepeople.【C11】______,itisrarelyprescribed.Indeed,concernoveraddictionhas【C12】______manynationsinEuropeandelsewheretoban【C13】______anyusesofmorphineandrelatedsubstances,includingtheirmedicalapplications.Even【C14】______morphineisalegalmedicaltherapy,asitisinGreatBritainandtheU.S.,manydoctors,afraidofturningpatientsintoaddicts,【C15】______amountsthataretoosmalltocontrolpain.21．【C1】A．boostB．erodeC．wearD．distract正确答案：B解析：本题考查动词的词义辨析及对语句的理解。A促进(及物动词)；B削弱(及物动词)；C磨损(不及物动词)；D使……分散(及物动词)。原文是说长时间的疼痛能削弱人的求生意愿。22．【C2】A．drivingB．driveC．drivesD．driven正确答案：A解析：本题考查现在分词做状语的用法，是一道语法题。在这里，需要一个现在分词做主句的结果状语，表示长时间的疼痛能削弱人的求生意愿，有时甚至迫使人自杀。23．【C3】A．compoundB．comprehensibleC．exhaustiveD．profound正确答案：D解析：本题考查形容词的词义辨析。A复合的；B可理解的；C详尽的；D深远的。本句的意思是，疼痛对身体的影响同样巨大。24．【C4】A．withB．wherebyC．therebyD．as正确答案：C解析：本题考查连接词的词性和用法。A介词，随着；B关系副词，凭……，由此；C表目的连词，借以、从而、由此；D连接副词，当。本句的意思是，持续剧烈的疼痛会影响人们的睡眠和胃口，从而让人疲惫不堪并减少了身体各器官可吸收的营养物质。25．【C5】A．thusB．thoughC．alongD．instead正确答案：A解析：本句考查连词的用法和上下文的逻辑关系。本句接着上句，意思是，由于以上情形的出现，于是疼痛拖延了病人从疾病和伤势中恢复健康的时间。26．【C6】A．FortunatelyB．SadlyC．NotablyD．Promptly正确答案：B解析：本句考查对上下文的理解。前句是说，疼痛对人体有很大的伤害，本句意思是，有很多种疼痛是现在的治疗技术无法缓解的，从前后的逻辑关系，可以看出，这是一种让人无能为力的、悲伤的现实。27．【C7】A．ThoughB．WhichC．ThatD．While正确答案：C解析：本句考查对主语从句的掌握，是一道语法题。在句中，Thatdoctorscandolittleinthesecases作主语，是主语从句。当主语从句放在主语位置时，that不能省。另外，四个选项中，只有Cthat是引导主语从句的关联词。28．【C8】A．understandableB．shamefulC．worryingD．puzzling正确答案：A解析：本题考查对句意的理解。可以从该句中but一词表明的逻辑关系来理解。本句是说，医生对有些疼痛无能为力这个事实虽让人沮丧，但也能得到人们的理解。29．【C9】A．promoteB．produceC．prescribeD．present正确答案：C解析：本题考查动词的形近词辨析。A促进；B产生；C开处方；D呈现。本句的意思是，让人不太能理解的是，很多病人忍受疼痛的折磨不是因为他们的疼痛不可治疗，而是因为医生不愿意给他们开出吗啡这个处方。30．【C10】A．strongB．costlyC．ineffectiveD．addictive正确答案：D解析：本题考查形容词词义辨析及对文章上下文的理解。A强烈的；B昂贵的；C无效的；D成瘾的。本句意思是，对付长期性的剧烈疼痛，吗啡是最安全、最有效的止痛药，但对有些人而言，这种药又是上瘾的。另外，可以从接下来一段的第一句话来确定对本句的理解：对吗啡成瘾的关注导致欧洲和其他地方的很多国家禁止使用它。31．【C11】A．ConsequentlyB．ConclusivelyC．HoweverD．Meanwhile正确答案：A解析：本题考查上下文句子的逻辑关系和连接副词的使用。前文提到，对付长期性的剧烈疼痛，吗啡是最安全、最有效的止疼药，但对有些人而言，这种药又是上瘾的。由此可以得出一个合乎逻辑的结论，吗啡很少被医生用于处方。32．【C12】A．urgedB．enhancedC．ledD．stimulated正确答案：C解析：本题考查动词的词义辨析。A强烈要求；B加强；C引导，导致；D促进。这句的意思是，对吗啡成瘾性的关注导致欧洲和其他地方的很多国家禁止使用它。33．【C13】A．presentlyB．virtuallyC．decisivelyD．promptly正确答案：B解析：本题考查副词的语义。A马上；B实际上；C决定性；D及时。这句话是说，对吗啡成瘾性的关注导致欧洲和其他地方的很多国家禁止对吗啡及其相关物质的任何使用。34．【C14】A．whenB．thoughC．whichD．where正确答案：D解析：本题考查关系副词的使用，是一道语法题。在wheremorphineisalegalmedicaltherapy中，where是关系副词，引导一个状语从句修饰主句。这句的意思是，即使是在英国和美国这些将吗啡视为一种合法治疗手段的地方，很多医生还是担心把病人变成瘾君子，因此给病人开的吗啡量太小以至于根本无法控制疼痛。35．【C15】A．administeringB．administerC．administeredD．toadminister正确答案：B解析：本题考查动词不同时态和形态的用法，是一道语法题。在本句中，句子的主语是manydoctors，afraidofturningpatientintoaddicts是插入成分，amountsthataretoosmalltocontrolpain是宾语，可见句子缺少一个谓语。ReadingComprehensionGermany,Europe’seconomicpowerhouse,doesnotlackcourage:itreboundedfromtwoworldwars,digestedreunificationandhasnowpoweredaheadofneighborsstillreelingfromthefinancialcrisis.Itoverhauledarigidlabormarketandraisedtheretirementageto67withlittlefuss.Mostrecently,itsimplydecidedtoabandonnuclearpower.Withthisboldnessatthetopcomesobedienceatthebottom—82millionGermanswillwaitatapedestrianredlight,evenwithnocarinsight.Butwhenitcomestoempoweringwomen,noTeutonicdriveorrespectseemstowork—evenunderoneoftheworld’smostpowerfulwomen,ChancellorAngelaMerkel.Despiteabatchofgovernmentmeasuresandevermorepassionatedebateaboutgenderroles,onlyabout14percentofGermanmotherswithonechildresumefull-timework,andonly6percentofthosewithtwo.All30Germanstockindexcompaniesarerunbymen.Nationwide,asinglewomanpresidesonasupervisoryboard:Dr.SimoneBagel-TrahatHenkel.EighteenmonthsaftertheInternationalHeraldTribunelaunchedaseriesonthestateofwomeninthe21stcenturywithalookatGermany,thecountryhasemergedasatestcaseforthepush-and-pullofeconomicsandtradition.Forthedevelopedworld,Germany’ssituationsuggeststhatpuzzlingouthowtoremoveenduringbarrierstowomen’sfurtherprogressisoneofthehardestquestionstosolve.InallEuropeancountries,fromthetraditionallymachosouthernrimtomoreegalitarianNordicnations,theavailabilityandaffordabilityofchildcare,intertwinedwithtraditionalideasaboutgenderroles,haveprovedkeyfactorsindetermininggenderequality.Thenatureofmalenetworksisanothertellingfactor.Womenremainastrikingminorityintopcorporatecircles,eveninfiercelyegalitariancountrieslikeSwedenortheUSwhereopportunitiesoftengowithone’sabilities.Veryfewcountriesapproach20percentfemalerepresentationoncorporateexecutiveboards.YetifSwedishexecutivesuitesboast17percentwomenandtheUnitedStatesandBritain14percent,inGermanyitis2percent—asinIndia,accordingtoMcKinsey’s2010WomenMatterreport.Oneofthecountriesinmostneedoffemaletalent—theGermanbirthrateisamongthelowestinEuropeandlaborshortagesinskilledtechnicalprofessionsarealready150,000—Germanyisaplacewheregenderstereotypesremainengrainedinthemind,andinkeyinstitutionsacrosssociety.36．Thefirsttwoparagraphsdescribe______.A．practicalGermanleadershipinvariousfieldsB．retiredGermanworkers’livesC．asuccessfulGermanysinceWorldWarID．aGermanstyleofdealingwithcrises正确答案：A解析：本题是例证题，要求考生可以从第一段和第二段中提到的各个例子中总结出共同的相似点：即德国政府在各方面施政效率都很高。关键点:．．．withthisboldnessatthetop…。37．Accordingtotheauthor,undertheleadershipofChancellorAngelaMerkel______.A．femalesmusthavebeenallowedtotakesomefull-timejobsB．womenmighthavebeensupportedtobecomestrongerC．discussionsshouldhavebeenheldaboutwomen’simportanceD．womenshouldhavebecomemorepowerfulthantheyarenow正确答案：D解析：本题是细节事实题，考查对第三段的理解，关键点在even这个副词上，同时需要注意选项中虚拟语气的含义。38．TheauthormentionsDr.SimoneBagel-Trahinordertoshow______.A．thepotentialforfemalestobecometopexecutivesB．thescarcityoffemaleCEOsinthecountryC．theinferiorityoffemaleCEOstomaleonesD．thestrengthofacompanyledbyafemale正确答案：B解析：本题是细节事实题，考查对第四段最后一句话的理解，关键点:．．．asinglewomen…。39．Thephrase“thepush-and-pullofeconomicsandtradition”(inParagraph5)referstothefactthat______.A．economicprogressneedseffortsbybothgendersB．traditionalgenderrolesremaininmodernsocietyC．economicneedsconflictwithtraditionalmindsetsD．traditionalgenderbiasmakesaneconomyevenworse正确答案：C解析：本题是词汇题，考查该短语在第五段中的语义。短语本身并不费解，答题关键是将短语放在文章的上下文中理解。本题也可以利用排除法，看哪一个选项与文章的主题大意最接近。40．WhichofthefollowingsituationsformsabarriertoEuropeanwomen’sprogress?A．Awomanmayfeelveryproudwithallhercolleaguesbeingmale.B．Ababysittermayfinditveryhardtomakethehostesssatisfied.C．Men’sfriendshipisthoughttobemuchstrongerthanwomen’s.D．Womenaredeemedmorecapablethanmenonlyathome.正确答案：D解析：本题是长句理解题，考查第七段第一句话的意思。关键点：…intertwinedwithtraditionalideasaboutgenderroles…。41．Bywritingthispassage,theauthoraimstosuggestthatinGermanytheimprovementofwomen’ssocialrolesis______.A．essentialB．debatableC．hopelessD．formidable正确答案：A解析：本题是推理题，考查第十段第一句话的意思。关键点:．．．inmostneedoffemaletalent…。LatelyIgotachancetoreadPeoplemagazine’smostrecentcompilationof“The50MostBeautifulPeopleintheWorld.“Itwasfabulous.Inadditiontoofferinghelpfulgroomingtips,theissueinvolvesanattempttoansweroneofthemostdifficultquestionsofourtime;Whichisultimatelymoreinfluential,natureornurture?Considerfirsttheextremenurturists,whoabstainfromthenotionthatanythingisbiologicallyfixed.There’sJohnWatson,famousforthestatement:“Givemeachildandletmecontrolthetotalenvironmentinwhichheisraised,andIwillturnhimintowhateverIwish.“AnurtureviewpointisalsoadvancedbyTVstarJennaElfman,whoattributesherbeautytodrinking100ouncesofwateraday,andusingamoisturizerthatcosts$1,000apound.However,evenabeginnerinthestudyofhumandevelopmentalbiologymighteasilynotethatnodegreeofexpensivemoisturizerswouldget,say,meonPeople’sbeautylist.Naturally,similarlystrongopinionscomefromtheopposing,naturefaction—thegeneticdeterministsamongtheMostBeautiful.PerhapsthecockiestofthisschoolisJoshBrolin,anactorwhosestatementcouldreadilyserveasamanifestoforthoseinhisprofession:“Iwasgivenmydad’sgoodgenes.“Onesearchesthepagesforamiddleground,fortheinterdisciplinarysynthesizerwhoperceivesthecontributionsofbothnatureandnurture.Atlast,wefindMonica,asinger,whohasanabsolutelywondrousskillforapplyingmakeup.This,atfirst,seemslikejustmorenurturepropaganda.Butwheredoesshegetthiscosmeticaptitude?Hermothersuppliestheanswer:it’ssomethingthat’sinborn.Onegaspsattheinsight;Thereisageneticinfluenceonhowoneinteractswiththeenvironment.Toobadafewmorepeoplecan’tthinkthiswaywhenfiguringoutwhatgeneshavetodowithintelligence,substanceabuse,orviolence.Inmattersofhumanbeauty,hardwiredpreferencesmatterbutcanbeovercome.NovelistGeorgeEliotwasstrikinglyhomely,buthermagneticcharacterinspiredHenryJamestowriteinaletter;“Sheismagnificentlyugly—deliciouslyhideous.Shehasadullgreyeye,avastpendulousnose,ahugemouth,andfullofuneventeeth...Nowinthisvastuglinessresidesamostpowerfulbeautywhich,inaveryfewminutes,stealsforthandcharmsthemind,sothatyouendasIended,infallinginlovewithher.“42．ThearticlesuggeststhatPeoplemagazineregularly______.A．providesalistofthemostbeautifulpeopleintheworldB．givesadviceabouthowtolooklikeinternationalbeautiesC．providesguidanceonansweringcomplexquestionsD．offershelpindealingwithmarriageorfamilyproblems正确答案：A解析：本题是细节事实题，考查第一段第一句话的意思，关键点：…mostrecentcompilationof．．．。43．WhatJohnWatsonsaidcanbestbeinterpretedas______.A．parents’oversightguidesachild’sgrowthB．one’supbringingdetermineswhattheybecomeC．achangeofenvironmentaffectsone’shealthD．child-raisingisbynomeanseasy正确答案：B解析：本题是例证题，考查第二段的结构，看懂JohnWatson这个例子是为了说明极端后天论者的观点。关键点:．．．theextremenurturists…。44．AccordingtoParagraph3,theauthorbelieves______.A．onecangetprettierifdrinkingenoughwatereverydayB．JennaElfman’sexperienceisworthpublicizingC．thesecretsofbeautyarefoundinhumanbiologyD．beautymustdependonmorethanoneortwofactors正确答案：D解析：本题是推理题，考查第三段最后一句话的意思，注意一般however后面的信息往往是作者重点论述的内容或观点。45．Accordingtotheauthor,JoshBrolin’sstatementshowsthattheactoris______.A．over-charmingB．over-assertiveC．over-confidentD．over-sensitive正确答案：C解析：本题是词汇题，考查第四段中cockiest一词的含义。我们可以利用构词法和联想法大致推出该词的意思。首先，-est可能是形容词最高级的后缀；其次，我们可以联想到cock一词表示“公鸡”，可比喻趾高气扬的人。46．Asanexampleinfavorofbothnatureandnurture,theauthorfeelsthatMonica’smotherisrather______.A．insightfulB．absurdC．justifiableD．irrelevant正确答案：A解析：本题是细节事实题，考查第五段第五句和第六句的意思，关键点:．．．onegraspsattheinsight…。47．Ashewrote,HenryJamesfellinlovewithGeorgeEliotbecauseof______.A．heruniqueuglinessB．herattractivecharacterC．hermasculinebeautyD．herskillfulwriting正确答案：B解析：本题是长句理解题，考查第六段第二句话的意思，关键点：…hermagneticcharacterinspiredHenryJames．．．。Allcountrieshaveobviousincentivestolearnfrompastmistakes,butthosethathavesuccessfullyrisentothestatusofgreatpowersmaybelessinclinedtoadaptquicklyinthefuture.Whenitcomestolearningtherightlessons,paradoxically,nothingfailslikepriorsuccess.Thiswouldn’tseemtomakesense.Afterall,strongandwealthystatescanaffordtodevotealotofresourcestoanalyzingimportantforeign-policyproblems.Butthenagain,whenstatesarereallypowerful,thenegativeconsequencesoffoolishbehaviorrarelyprovefatal.JustasAmerica’s“BigThree”automakersweresolargeanddominanttheycouldresistreformandinnovationdespiteamplesignsthatforeigncompetitionwasrapidlyovertakingthem,strongandwealthystatescankeepmisguidedpoliciesinplaceandstillmanagetolimpalongformanyyears.ThehistoryoftheSovietUnionoffersanaptexampleofthisphenomenon.Soviet-stylecommunismwaswoefullyinefficientandbrutallyinhumane,anditsMarxist-Leninistideologybothalarmedthecapitalistworldandcreatedbittersplitswithintheinternationalcommunistmovement.YettheSovietUnionsurvivedforalmost70yearsandwasoneoftheworld’stwosuperpowersformorethanfourdecades.TheUnitedStateshasalsosufferedseriousself-inflictedwoundsontheforeign-policyfrontinrecentdecades,buttheconsequenceshavenotbeensosevereastocompelabroaderreassessmentoftheideasandstrategiesthathaveunderpinnedmanyofthesemistakes.Thetendencytoclingtoquestionableideasorfailedpracticeswillbeparticularlystrongwhenasetofpolicyinitiativesisboundupinagreatpower’srulingideologyorpoliticalculture.Sovietleaderscouldneverquiteabandontheideaofworldrevolution,anddefendersofBritishandFrenchcolonialismcontinuedtoseeitasthe“whiteman’sburden.“Today,U.S.leadersremainstubbornlycommittedtothegoalsofnation-buildinganddemocracypromotiondespitetheirdiscouragingtrackrecordwiththeseendeavors.YetbecausetheuniversalidealsoflibertyanddemocracyarecoreAmericanprinciples,itishardforU.S.leaderstoacknowledgethatothersocietiescannotbereadilyremadeinAmerica’simage.EvenwhenU.S.leadersrecognizethattheycannotcreate“somesortofCentralAsianValhalla,”asDefenseSecretaryRobertGatesacknowledgedin2009,theycontinuetospendbillionsofdollarstryingtobuilddemocracyinAfghanistan,alargelytraditionalsocietythathasneverhadastrongcentralstate,letaloneademocraticone.48．Concerningimprovementbasedonpasthistory,greatpowersoften______.A．failtodistinguishrightfromwrongB．understatealltheirwrongdoingsC．mentiontheirpriorsuccessaloneD．ignorehavingmademistakes正确答案：D解析：本题是推理题，考查第一段第二句话的意思，关键点:．．．nothingfailslikepriorsuccess…。49．America’s“BigThree”automakersareusedasanexampletoshowthat______.A．nationswouldneedtoadaptfortheirfutureB．businesseswouldlearnfromfailuresC．countriescouldsurvivetheirfaultsD．enterprisescoulddefeattheirrivals正确答案：C解析：本题既是例证题，又是长句理解题，考查第二段最后一句的意思以及与前一句的逻辑关系。该句的大意是：尽管种种迹象显示国外竞争对手正在快速地取代美国的三大汽车厂商，他们依然没有进行改革和创新；同样，强大而富裕的国家就算政策失误，依旧可以向前发展，只不过速度会减缓而已。50．ThepassagesuggeststhattheSovietUnion______.A．hadlongbeenincrisisbeforeitfellB．usedtobenumberoneintheworldC．lastedforalongtimebecauseofitsbrutalityD．causedseparatisminwesterncountries正确答案：A解析：本题是主旨大意题，考查第三段的前半段的主要内容，关键点:．．．woefullyinefficientandbrutallyinhumane…。51．TheUSseesthetroubleswithitsforeignaffairsas______.A．avitalblowtoitsworldpositionB．resultingfromitsideologicalflawsC．sufferingtemporarysetbacksD．asignofdeficienciesinitspolicies正确答案：C解析：本题是长句理解题，考查第三段最后一句话的意思，关键点:．．．sufferedseriousself-inflictedwounds…，…buttheconsequenceshavenotbeensosevere…。52．BritainandFrancearementionedasthosewho______.A．hadtheirownformsofdemocracyB．usedtobeenemiesoftheSovietUnionC．wereoncesuperiortotheUSD．wantedtobeworldleaders正确答案：D解析：本题是推理题，考查第四段第二句话的意思，关键点:．．．defendersofBritishandFrenchcolonialismcontinuedtoseeitasthe“whiteman’sburden”…。53．Theauthormostlikelyintendstogivegreatpowers______.A．adviceB．supportC．sympathyD．threats正确答案：A解析：本题是写作目的题，考查对文章主要内容和写作意图的把握。MuchofthedebateaboutmulticulturalismintheUKiscrass,ignorantandmisconceived.Thenewcritics,fromtheleftinparticular,riskcontributingtotheveryprocessestheydecry,sincetheyaresodismissiveoftheachievementsthatmarkthiscountryoutfromothers,particularlyinEurope.Ican’tthinkofanyotherEUstatethathasbeenmoresuccessfulthantheUKinmanagingculturaldiversity.Inthiscountry,weneedmoremulticulturalism,notless.Thatistosay,weshouldconcentrateupondevelopingfurtherlinksbetweendifferentethnicandculturalcommunities,andupondialogueevenwhenonthesurfaceitseemstocreateproblems.JackStraw’sremarksaboutwomenwhoweartheveilhaveprovokedhugecontroversy.Buthewasrighttoraisetheissue,becausehewasemphasizingtheimportanceofconnectionandcommunication.Inapluralisticsocietyallgroupsshouldaccepttheneedforinterrogationfromothers—itistheconditionofproducingmutualrespect,ratherthanunderminingit.Hewasnotsuggestinganysortofcoercion.PakistanigroupsinparticularfeaturedintheriotsthathappenedinOldham,LeedsandBradfordinthe1990sandearly2000s.Atthattimeaswell,multiculturalismcameinforabashing:itwaswidelyblamedinthepressforcreatingsegregationbetweenPakistaniandlocalwhitecommunities.Theseclaimsweremade,however,bywriterswithscantknowledgeoftheneighbourhoodsinquestion.AsociologistattheUniversityofLeeds,LudiSimpson,laterstudiedthecommunitiesconcernedindepthand—somethingoftenneglected—overtime.Hefoundthatsegregationwasfarlowerthanmostoutsidecommentatorshadsuggested.ManyPakistanifamiliesoriginallylivingintheinner-cityareashadinfactmovedoutacrosstheyearstomiddle-classneighbourhoodsorruralareas.ContrarytotheideathattheAsian(mostlyMuslim)groupswantedtokeeptothemselves,theevidenceshowedadesireformoremixing,withmostwantingindependentlifestylesawayfromtoomuchethnicclustering.Formuchofthe20thcenturythemainperceivedsocialproblemwasthatofclassconflict.Classdifferencescontinuetooverlapwithculturalandethnicdivisions.Butforustodaytheperceivedsocialproblemisthatofthemanagementofdiversity:deliveringitsbenefits,whicharemany,whilecontainingtheconflictsandcoststhatitcanincur.Weshan’tgetanywhereinpursuingsuchgoalsifweabandonmulticulturalism.54．Accordingtotheauthor,thenewcriticsare______.A．reluctanttounderstandthedifferencesbetweenculturesB．gettingintoapositioncontrarytotheirownargumentC．ignorantofthereasonswhyUKstandsoutinEuropeD．goingtotheextremeleftincriticizingmulticulturalism正确答案：B解析：本题是长句理解题，考查第一段第二句话的意思，关键点:．．．contributingtotheveryprocessestheydecry…。55．JackStraw’sremarksasmentionedprobablyconveytheideathat______.A．anykindofcultureintheworlddeservesrespectB．genderbiasremainstheobstacletowomen’sliberationC．women’sveilwearingshowsculturalbackwardnessD．socialhierarchyremainsaprobleminIslamiccountries正确答案：A解析：本题是细节事实题，考查第二段倒数第二句话的意思，关键点:．．．itistheconditionofproducingmutualrespect…。56．Assuggestedbytheauthor,thePakistanigroupsinthe1990sandearly2000s______.A．sufferedfromwidehlameinthemediaB．madestrongcriticismofmulticulturalismC．hadconflictswiththelocalwhitecommunitiesD．roseinrebellionagainstthegovernment正确答案：C解析：本题是细节事实题，考查第三段第一句话的意思，关键点:．．．featuredintheriots…。57．Theauthorsuggeststhattheblameputonmulticulturalismwasduetothelackof______.A．closeinvestigationintothereasonsfortheracialsegregationB．in-depthknowledgeabouttheculturalgroupsinvolvedC．anacuteawarenessofthefeelingsoftheinner-citydwellersD．afullunderstandingofthegapbetweendifferentsocialclasses正确答案：B解析：本题是推理题，考查对第三段最后一句话的理解，关键点：…bywriterswithscantknowledgeoftheneighbourhoodsinquestion…。58．LudiSimpson’sstudyshowedthat______.A．theclusterofmixedethnicgroupslikelygaverisetoethnictensionB．thePakistanigroupstendedtolivepeacefullymuchmorethanbeforeC．theMuslimcommunitymostlykeptseparatefromothercommunitiesD．thewishtoliveexclusivelywithone’sownethnicgroupswasamyth正确答案：D解析：本题是细节事实题，考查第四段最后一句话的意思，关键点：Contrarytotheidea…。59．Theboldfacedword“containing”inthelastparagraphcanbestbereplacedbytheword”______.”A．controllingB．compromisingC．coveringD．considering正确答案：A解析：本题是词汇题，考查第五段第三句话中delivering与containing两个词之间的逻辑关系，关键是通过逻辑关系把握containin