第2讲-非谓语动词(二)

第2讲非谓语动词（二）【基础题组】1.Thebirdwasluckytomiss_______(shoot).2.Theneedtodowhatmajorityofusaredoingforcesus_______(take)upactivitieswhichwewouldn’totherwise.3.---Whatdidthetwocountrieswanttoavoidascooperativepartnersratherthanenemies?---_______(repeat)themistakeshappeninginhistory.4.Theice-cream,_____(smell)sonice,mustbedoneaccordingtoawonderfulrecipe.5.Asyouknow,theChinesewerethefirstpeople______(use)thecoinasmoney.6.Mr.Hanfounditincreasinglydifficult____(read),forhiseyesightwasbeginningtofail.7.——Doesyourcarrequire_____(wash),Sir?-----Yes,Irequirethatitbewashedrightnow.8._____(approach)thecitycentre,wesawastonestatueofabout10metersinheight.9.ThewayTimthoughtof_______(keep)theclassroomcleanandtidyprovedtobeveryeffective.11.Withadvancedtechnology______(introduce)thisyear,ourfactorycanproducemorethantwiceasmanybicyclesaslastyear.12.TheCopenhagenSummitendsupinabroadagreementingeneralbutwithlotsofdetails______(remain)tobeworkedoutinfuturemonthsoftheyear.13.Fully______(occupy)inpreparingteachingassignmentatschool,shenolongerhastimetoenjoythevariousactivitiesasusual.14.Theplay__________(produce)nextmonthaimsmainlytoreflectthelocalculture.15.Hesaidhisideawas____(climb)themountainfromthenorthandthattheycouldarriveaheadoftime.16.WhensheknewIwasgoingtothesupermarket,shegotme______(buy)someapplesforher17.TheTVseries,ALittleReunion,______(adapt)frombest-sellingwriterLuYingong'snovelofthesamename,hasarousedgreatresponse.18.Itremains_____(see)whetherthenewlyformedcommittee’spolicy(政策）canbeputintopractice.19.Thetowngovernmentspentalotofmoney__________(preserve)theoldcastleandotherplacesofhistoricinterest.20.Hemadealotofcarelessmistake,_____(result)inhisfailureinthisdrivingtest.beingshot;totake;Repeating;smelling;touse;toread;washing/tobewashed;Approaching;tokeep;Tomake;introduced;remaining;occupied;tobeproduced;toclimb;tobuy;adapted;tobeseen;preserving;resulting【语法点梳理】【知识梳理1】现在分词的形式及用法现在分词主动被动与谓语动词动作先后关系例句一般式doingbeingdone同时Theywenttothepark,singingandtalking.（主动、同时）Theproblembeingdiscussedisveryimportant.（被动、同时）完成式havingdonehavingbeendone之前Havingfinishedhishomework,hewentout.（主动、之前）Havingbeentoldmanytimes,thenaughtyboymadethesamemistake.（被动、之前）否定式：not+现在分词批注：动词分及物和不及物动词，所以现在分词的形式也会因为动词是否是及物动词而不同，及物动词有被动语态，而不及物动词是没有被动语态的。【知识梳理2】现在分词的句法功能定语：现在分词作定语，当分词单独作定语时，放在所修饰的名词前，如果是分词短语作定语放在名词后。【例题精讲】例1.Inthefollowingyearsheworkedevenharder.在后来的几年中，他学习更努力了。例2.Themanspeakingtotheteacherisourmonitor’sfather.正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。批注：现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能，如：inthefollowingyears=intheyearsthatfollowedthemanspeaking=themanwhoisspeaking 表语：【例题精讲】例.Thefilmbeingshowninthecinemaisexciting.正在这家影院上映的电影很棒。批注：be+doing既可能表示现在进行时，也可能是现在分词做表语，它们的区别在于be+doing表示进行的动作是进行时，而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构。 宾语补足语：以下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语：see,watch,hear,feel,find,get,keep,notice,observe,listento,lookat,leave,catch等。【例题精讲】例1.Canyouhearhersingingthesonginthenextroom?你能听见她在隔壁房间唱歌吗？例2.Hekeptthecarwaitingatthegate.他让小汽车在门口等着。状语：1）时间状语【例题精讲】例.(While)Workinginthefactory,hewasanadvancedworker.在工厂工作时，他是一名先进工人。2）原因状语【例题精讲】例.BeingaLeaguemember,heisalwayshelpingothers.由于是共青团员，他经常帮助他人。3）方式状语，表示伴随【例题精讲】例.Hestayedathome,cleaningandwashing.他呆在家里，又擦又洗。4）条件状语【例题精讲】例.(If)Playingallday,youwillwasteyourvaluabletime.要是整天玩，你就会浪费宝贵的时间。5）结果状语【例题精讲】例.Hedroppedtheglass,breakingitintopieces.他把杯子掉了，结果摔得粉碎。6）目的状语【例题精讲】例.Hewentswimmingtheotherday.几天前他去游泳了。7）让步状语【例题精讲】例.Thoughrainingheavily,itclearedupverysoon.虽然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。【知识梳理3】过去分词1）过去分词一般表示被动和完成意义，在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。不及物动词的过去分词则只表示完成意义。形式只有done一种。2）过去分词的句法功能定语：【例题精讲】例1.OurclasswentonanorganizedtriplastMonday.上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。例2.Thoseelectedascommitteememberswillattendthemeeting.当选为委员的人将出席这次会议。批注：有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的，不表示被动，只表示完成。如：boiledwater（开水） fallenleaves（落叶）newlyarrivedgoods（新到的货） therisensun（升起的太阳）thechangedworld（变了的世界）当过去分词单独使用时，一般用于名词前，如果是过去分词短语，就放在名词的后面。过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。如以上两个句子可以转换成定语从句：OurclasswentonatripwhichwasorganizedlastMonday.Thosewhowereelectedascommitteememberswillattendthemeeting. 表语：【例题精讲】例1.Thewindowisbroken.窗户破了。例2.Theywerefrightenedatthesadsight.他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。be+过去分词，如果表示状态是系表结构，如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。【例题精讲】例1.Thewindowisbroken.（系表）例2.Thewindowwasbrokenbytheboy.（被动）宾语补足语：【例题精讲】例1.Iheardthesongsungseveraltimeslastweek.上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。有时过去分词做with短语中的宾语补足语：例2.Withtheworkdone,theywentouttoplay.工作做完了，他们出去玩去了。 状语：【例题精讲】例1.Praisedbytheneighbors,hebecametheprideofhisparents.受到邻居们的表扬，他成为父母的骄傲。（表示原因）例2.Onceseen,itcanneverbeforgotten.一旦它被看见，人们就忘不了。（表示时间）例3.Givenmoretime,I’llbeabletodoitbetter.如果给予更多的时间，我能做得更好。（表示条件）例4.Thoughtoldofthedanger,hestillriskedhislifetosavetheboy.虽然被告之危险，他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子。（表示让步）【知识梳理4】分词注意点1）独立主格结构当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致，有其独立的逻辑主语时，就把这个结构叫独立主格结构。【例题精讲】例1.Iwaitingforthebus,abirdfellonmyhead.我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。例2.Alltheticketshavingbeensoldout,theywentawaydisappointedly.所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。例3.Allbooksreturnedattheendoftheterm,thelibraryassistantwassatisfied.所有的书期末时都还了，图书管理员很高兴。例4.Thefieldploughed,hebegantospreadseed.地耕好了，他开始撒种子。批注：有时也可用with(without)+名词（代词宾格）+分词形式例5.Withthelightsburning,hefellasleep.他点着灯睡着了。2）独立成分：有些分词或不定式短语作状语时，其形式的选择不受上下文影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：generallyspeaking,franklyspeaking,judgingfrom/by,considering…/taking…intoconsideration,totellyouthetruth,supposing,given,provided,comparedto/with等。【例题精讲】例1.Judgingfrom(by)hisappearance,hemustbeanactor.从外表看，他一定是个演员。例2.Generallyspeaking,girlsaremorecareful.一般说来，女孩子更细心。3）have/get特殊用法形式意义havesb.dosth.getsb.todosth.使、让、叫某人去做某事havesb./sth.doingsth.让某人/物持续地做某事容忍（否定句）getsb./sth.doingsth.使某人某物开始做havesth.done请别人做使……遭受getsth.done使/让某事由别人去做（叫/让某人做某事）【例题精讲】例1.Ihad(=got)thatdoorpaintedlastweek.上星期我请人把那扇门做了油漆。例2.Wemusthave(=got)theworkfinishedbyTuesday.我们必须在星期二以前完成此项工作。例3.IhadmylegbrokenwhenIgotoffthebus.下车时我的腿摔断了。例4.Don’tforgettohavehimcome.别忘了叫他来。例5.Ihaveacarwaitingforme.我让一部车在等我。例6.Wecan’thavethatsortofthinghappening.我们不能让那类事情发生。4）leave(使……处于某种状态)后接宾语补足语形式意义leavesb.todosth.留下某人做某事（不定式表将来）leavesth.tobedone留下某事要被做（不定式表将来）leavesb.doingsth.让某人一直做某事leavesth.undone留下某事未做5）with复合结构with复合结构既可看作介词短语，在句子中作定语；也可看作独立主格结构，在句中充当状语。它由“with＋宾语＋补语”组成，其中，宾语和宾补之间必须有逻辑一致关系。其结构为：adv./prep.adj.with+宾语+doing(主动，同时)/beingdone(正在被)done(被动或完成)todo(与宾语有动宾关系，表示将要发生的动作)【例题精讲】例1.Withsomanyproblemstodealwith,hehastoworkovertimeeveryday.例2.Withhishomeworkfinished,hewentout.【提升题组】1._____(press)thebuttonsimproperlymaycausethemachinetobreakdown.2.Thevillage,______(cover)withthicksnow,looksasifitweredressedinwhiteskirts.3.Heshowedusthatwecanhavefun_____(read)thenovelwritteninEnglish.4.Asasecretary,Mr.Lialwayskeepsthemanagerinformedofwhat'sgoingonathomeandabroad,sohedeserves______(praise).5._____(fail)toreachthemonphone,wesentanemailinstead.6.-TheEnglishexamisnotdifficult,isit?-Yes.EvenTommy________(belong)tothetopstudentsfailedinit.7._______(encourage)bytheadvancesintechnology,manyfarmershavesetupwindfarmsontheirland.8.Whatisworth_______(do)deservestobedonewithgreatefforts.9.____(seat)atthebackoftheclassroomwereseveraloldprofessors,listeningattentivelytothenewteacher.10.Seeingthehappysceneofstudentsplayingontheplayground,Ican'thelp_____(think)ofmychildhood.11.Whentheteacherwokeupinhospital,shefoundherself______(surround)byherstudentsandwasmovedtotears.12.Toavoid____(go)outwithhim,thegirlmadesomethingup.13.Mr.Tangenjoys______(write)inhissparetime.Hisworkshaveearnedhimmanygoodfri