专题02 重点语法归纳【考点串讲】-2023-2024学年八年级英语下学期期中考点大串讲（牛津译林版）

专题02

重点语法归纳【考点串讲】主讲人：小k君01模块一U1语法清单02模块二

U2语法清单03模块三

U3语法清单04模块四

U4语法清单05模块五

语法专练01模块一U1语法清单02模块二

U2语法清单03模块三

U3语法清单04模块四

U4语法清单05模块五

语法专练模块一U1语法清单【核心语法考点一】现在完成时的用法

用法1：表示一个过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果和影响。Eddie

has

eaten

my

food.

Eddie吃了我的食物。用法2：表示一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在，并有可能继续延续下去的动作或状态。

He

has

lived

here

since

1995.

自从1995年以来，他一直住在这儿。用法3：表示到现在为止，某一个动作发生了多少次I

have

already

read

this

book

many

times

so

far.(到现在为止，我已经读过这本书许多次了)【核心语法考点二】现在完成时的句式1.构成

助动词has/have

+动词的过去分词陈述句They

have

finished

their

homework.

He

has

finished

his

homework.否定句They

haven't

finished

their

homework.

He

hasn't

finished

his

homework.一般疑问句Have

they

finished

their

homework?

Yes,

they

have.

/

No,

they

haven't.规则动词的过去分词的构成1.大多数的动词的过去分词是规则的，只需在动词后加-ed；例如：

work→workedlisten→listened

jump→jumpedvisit→visited1.在以-e结尾的动词后只加-d；例如：

close→closedlike→liked

agree→agreedmove→moved3.在以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改为i再加ed；例如：

study→studiedcarry→carriedtry→triedworry→worried4.以重读闭音节结尾的动词，要双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ed；例如：

stop→stoppeddrop→dropped2.动词的过去分词：不规则动词的过去分词的构成1.

有些动词的原形和过去分词相同；例如：

put→puthurt→hurtbecome→becomerun→run2.改变单词中间元音字母；例如：

sit→satwin→wonhold→held3.把单词结尾的字母d改为t；例如：

lend→lentspend→spentsend→sent4.以eep结尾的动词，把eep改为ept；例如：

keep→keptsleep→slept5.

过去分词以aught或ought结尾；例如：

teach→taughtbuy→bought6.以ay结尾的动词，把ay变成aid；例如：

say→saidpay→paid7.在原形词尾加n或en；例如：

give→giveneat→eaten【核心语法考点三】现在完成时的时间状语already(用于肯定句),

yet(用于否定句和疑问句),

since+一点时间,

for+一段时间,never,

ever,

three

times(其它表示频率的词,

once,

twice等)before,

recently,

in

the

past/last

few

years,

so

far,

this

month,

today,

now知识点1：already与yet用法区别already

用于肯定句，一般放在助动词与过去分词之间。yet用于否定句和疑问句，一般至于句末。例1：I

have

already

worked

out

this

math

problem?

(改为否定句)

I________________

worked

out

the

math

problem

________.

解析：already与yet的转换.Key

：

have

not;

yet

知识点2：ever、never与before用法区别(1)ever表示曾经(2)never表示从不(3)before表示以前例：--Have

you

ever

read

this

book?--No,

I

haven't.

I

have

never

watched

this

film.

He

has

never

been

so

happy

before.知识点3：since和for用法区别(1)since的用法①since

后面加点时间，如since

nearly

three

years

ago或since2008.②since引导时间状语从句时，后面的时间状语从句动词用一般过去时.(1)for的用法：for后加一段时间。since/for

可以通过ago进行同义句转换。1.They

have

worked

in

the

factory

since

ten

months

ago.=

They

have

worked

in

the

factory

for

ten

years2.We

have

learned

English

for

nearly

three

years.

=We

have

learned

English

since

three

years

ago.3.I

have

had

a

cold

________

last

Saturday,

I

have

had

a

cold

___

days.

I

have

had

a

cold

___

days

ago.

所以：________

5

days=________

5

days

agoKey

：since，for,

since,

for,

since55例：知识点4：just和just

now(1)just是刚刚，刚才。与现在完成时连用。The

boy

just

finished

his

homework.(2)just

now是刚才。与一般过去时连用。Mary

waited

for

you

just

now.【核心语法考点四】特殊句型①It

is/has

been

two

years

since

I

graduated

from

the

university.自从我毕业以来已经两年了。②This

is

the

best

film

that

I

have

ever

seen.=

I

have

never

seen

a

better

film

before.这是我看过的最好的电影。③This

is

the

first

time

that

I

have

seen

the

pandas.这是我第一次看到大熊猫。例1This

is

the

nicest

park

I

_________________________________________________.(see)

have

seen

模块二

U2语法清单【核心语法考点一】一、have/has

gone

to&

have/has

been

to/

has

been

in

三者的区别1)Have/has

gone

to

意为“去了某地”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中，说话时该人不在现场。--Where's

Jim?--

he

has

gone

to

Guiling.

She

has

gone

to

the

park

and

she

will

be

back

intwo

hours.2)have/has

been

to

表示“曾经去过某地'常接次数，如once、twice、three

times等，表示“去过某地几次”也可与just、ever、never连用。I

have

been

to

Hong

Kong

twice.I

have

never

been

to

the

Great

Wall.【经典易错】遇到地点副词要去掉to

,

如:here

,there

,

where,

somewhere,

anywhere,

home

,abroad等I

have

been

there

three

times.She

has

gone

abroad.3)have/has

been

in

强调当事人在某地待了一段时间；My

parents

and

I

have

been

in

Hong

Kong

for

two

days.【总结】I

have

been

to

Beijing

twice.My

parents

and

I

have

been

in

Hong

Kong

for

two

days.I

heard

you've

gone

to

Thailand.have/has

been(to)+地点+次数been(in)+地点+一段时间/句子gone(to)+地点【核心语法考点二】现在完成时可表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在、并且有可能还会持续下去的动作或状态，此时态常与for/since…

等时间状语连用。其中for后面跟时间段，since后面跟表示过去的时间点。【核心语法考点三】简记：短(短暂性动作)不见段(时段)，见段换长(延续性动词)。为了表述短暂性动词的意思，我们常用相应的延续性动词来替代它们。If

we

want

to

express

a

continuous

state,

we

can

use

another

way

like

this.Verb(短暂性动词)Used

for

a

continuous

state(延续性状态)begin/starthave/has

been____finish/stophave/has

been_____come/go/arrivehave/has

been___/___leavehave/has

been

______borrowhave/has

_____joinhave/has

been

___;

have/has

been

_____________marryhave/has

been

________diehave/has

been

deadonoverinatawaykeptina

member

ofmarried

Kitty

has

been

in

Hong

Kong

for

two

days.(正确)

Kitty

has

gone

to

Hong

Kong

for

two

days.(错误：短动作go+时间段two

days)

Kitty

has

gone

to

Hong

Kong.√

Kitty

has

had

the

king

rings

since

two

hours

ago.

√

Kitty

has

bought

the

key

rings

since

two

hours

ago.

(错误：短动作buy+时段since+时间段ago)

Kitty

has

bought

the

key

rings.

√

注意区分：模块三

U3语法清单【核心语法考点一】现在完成时与一般过去时的区别一般过去时所表示的事情纯属过去，与现在情况没有关系现在完成时所表示的事情与现在情况有关系，是过去发生的事情对现在产生的结果或对现在的影响，或一直持续着。e.g.I

lived

in

Shanghai

in

1990.I

have

lived

in

Shanghai

since

1990.【核心语法考点二】标志词区别1.一般过去时yesterday,last

week,

three

days

ago,

last

Sunday,

just

now,

yesterday

morning,

in

1990等,明显的表示过去的时间E.g.I

went

to

Beijing

yesterday.2.现在完成时already，表示：已经(肯定句中，可放句中或句末),yet，表示：已经、还…(否定句和疑问句中，用在句末),just，表示：刚刚(瞬间动词)，before表示：以前

He

has

already

got

her

help.他已得到她的帮助。

He

has

just

seen

the

film.他刚刚看过这场电影。

Hehasn'tstarted

yet.他还没有动身。never，表示从来没有，ever，表示：曾经(长用于否定和疑问句)，once,一次twice

两次,three

times

三次(表示重复的次数)，so

far

到目前为止。

She

has

never

been

late

for

school.

他上学从未迟到过。

Have

you

ever

lived

in

this

hotel?

你曾经住过这个酒店吗？

They

have

been

to

Beijing

twice.他们去过两次北京了。

She

has

passed

the

exam

so

far.到目前为止她已经通过了考试。模块四

U4语法清单【核心语法考点一】___________________疑问词+动词不定式做动词的宾语。

疑问词也包括疑问代词what,

which,

who和疑问副词how,

when,

where。常和此结构连用的动词及动词短语有：know,

learn,

see,

hear,

ask,

tell,

decide,

explain,

find

out,

forget,

remember,

understand

等。【例句】I

don't

know

what

to

say

next.我不知道接下来该说什么。

I

can't

decide

which

to

take.我不能决定该拿哪一个。

Please

tell

me

how

to

go

there.请告诉我怎样到哪儿。疑问词+动词不定式“疑问词+动词不定式”

结构可以改写成由该疑问词引导的从句。【例句】I

don't

know

what

to

do.

=

I

do

not

know

what

I

should

do.

我不知道该做什么。【注意】所有疑问句中，只有why不可以与动词不定式连用。原则上说，why后不接不定式，不过若不定式不带to，则可用why。即：Why

not

go

there

at

once?为什么不马上去那儿呢？Why

argue

with

her?为什么要跟她争论呢？注意：这类结构通常只用于谈论现在和将来，不用于谈论过去。你昨天为什么不打扫房间？误：Why

not

clean

the

room

yesterday?正：Why

didn't

you

clean

the

room

yesterday?1.must表示说话人的主观思想，强调个人意志和主观的决心。主要用于肯定句和疑问句，“必须，得，要”。【例句】You

must

finish

your

homework

today.你今天必须完成家庭作业。must

的否定形式must

not表示禁止，“不能，不允许”。【例句】You

must

not

smoke

here.你不能在这里抽烟。【核心语法考点二】must&haveto用法2.have

to

表一种客观的需要，“不得不”。侧重于客观上的必要，强调客观条件作用的结果。have

to

有人称和数的变化。【例句】It

is

getting

dark.

He

has

to

go

home

now.

天快黑了，你现在得回家了。have

to

的否定形式do

not

have

to,

相当于need

not

。【例句】They

do

not

have

to

buy

a

computer

at

the

moment.

他们目前没有必要买电脑。注意：must

还可以表示肯定猜测，意思是

“一定”

。否定的猜测是can't。【例句】You

must

be

hungry

after

all

that

walking.

走了那么远的路，你一定饿了吧。

That

can't

be

Lucy.

She

has

gone

to

American.

那肯定不是Lucy，她已经去了美国。模块五

语法专练1.(22-23八年级下·江苏淮安·期末)I

have

trouble

working

out

the

Maths

problem.

I

don't

know

_______________

for

help.A.who

to

ask

B.how

to

ask

C.when

to

D.what

to2.(22-23八年级下·江苏盐城·期中)—I

have

collected

some

information

online.

Would

you

please

tell

me

________

________

to

do

next?

—Make

a

chart

and

it

will

help

you

understand

better.A.what

B.how

C.when

D.where3.(22-23八年级下·江苏南通·期中)People

in

European

countries

are

worried

about

________

_______

to

buy

gas

and

oil

after

Russia

got

the

sanction

(制裁).A.where

B.when

C.what

D.howA_AA_4.(22-23八年级下·江苏南通·期中)—Judy,

do

you

know

_______________?

—By

speaking

more

and

reading

a

lot.A.how

to

improve

English

B.who

to

ask

for

help

with

EnglishC.where

to

learn

English

D.when

to

learn

English5.(22-23八年级下·江苏淮安·期中)They

didn't

know

_______________

to

deal

with

the

problem,

so

they

asked

us

for

help.A.where

B.what

C.how

D.which6.(2023·江苏南京·一模)—Why

did

Eddie

leave

in

a

hurry?—I

think

there's

something

wrong

with

him

today.

Look,

he

_______________

his

food.A.isn't

touching

B.doesn't

touch

C.hasn't

touched

D.didn't

touch

A__CC_7.(21-22八年级下·江苏南京·期中)As

the

COVID-19

was

found

in

Nanjing

again,

the

students

________________

study

online

at

home.A.could

B.should

C.must

D.had

to8.(21-22八年级下·江苏南通·期末)Mum

is

out,

so

I

________________

look

after

my

younger

brother

and

play

games

with

him.A.must

B.have

to

C.can

D.may9.(22-23八年级下·江苏南通·期中)—Must

I

return

the

book

on

time?—Yes,

you

________.

But

you

________________

come

to

our

desk

every

time.

Just

renew

it

online.A.need,

have

to

B.must,

don't

have

toC.mustn't,

needn't

D.must,

have

to

DB

B10.(22-23八年级下·江苏南通·期中)—Doctor

Li,

I

cannot

stop

smoking.—But

for

your

health,

I'm

afraid

you

_______________.A.have

to

B.must

C.can

D.need11.(22-23八年级下·江苏无锡·期中)—Shall

I

tell

her

the

change

of

time

right

now?—I'm

afraid

you

________________,

or

he

will

be

late

for

the

meeting.A.can

B.may

C.need

D.must12.(22-23八年级下·江苏无锡·期中)—Must

I

finish

my

book

report

today?—No,

you

________________.

You

may

________

tomorrow.A.mustn't;

hand

it

in

B.don't

have

to;

hand

it

inC.needn't;

hand

in

it

D.mustn't;

hand

in

it_ADB13.(22-23八年级下·江苏盐城·期中)—Must

I

finish

my

homework

now?

—No,

you

________A________.

You

can

do

it

this

afternoon.A.needn't

B.can't

C.mustn't

D.may

not14.(22-23八年级下·江苏南通·期中)—Can

we

play

ball

games

here?—Of

course

not.

If

you

________

B________,

please

go

to

the

open

space

there.A.can

B.must

C.may

D.will15.(22-23八年级下·江苏无锡·期中)—Excuse

me,

do

you

mind

if

I

use

your

new

bike

today?—Well,

if

you

________

C________,

I

can

drive

to

work.A.can

B.m