2025届云南省保山市高三上学期一轮复习摸底测试英语试题（解析版）

高三复习阶段检测卷本试卷满分150分考试时间120分钟第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Wheredidthemangetthecat?A.Fromhisneighbor.B.Fromapetstore.C.Fromafriend.2.Whodoesthemanrecommendtotakecareoftheflowers?A.Lily.B.James.C.Thewoman’ssister.3.Whenwillthefilmbegin?A.At2:00.B.At2:15.C.At2:20.4.Whatdoesthemanthankthewomanfor?AGivinghimalift.B.Extendinganinvitation.C.Bringingthedocuments.5.What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Teacherandstudent.B.Husbandandwife.C.Salesmanandcustomer.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Abirthdaygift.B.Ashoppinglist.C.Atripschedule.7.WhatdoesJessewanttodoinspring?A.Holdabirthdayparty.B.Buyagameplayer.C.Rideabikewithfriends.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whatisthewomanprobablygoingtodo?A.Haveaninterview.B.Buyabook.C.Work.9.Whydoesthewomansuggesttakingthesubway?A.It’slesscrowded.B.Itsavesmuchtime.C.Itneedslesswalk.10.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inasquare.B.Atthebusstop.C.Atasubwaystation.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Whatmakesthemanupset?A.Seriousillness.B.Failuretofinishhisreport.C.Criticismfromhisprofessor.12.Howdoesthewomansound?A.Concerned.B.Critical.C.Forgiving.13Whatwillthemanprobablydonext?A.Rewritehisreport.B.Turntothewomanforhelp.C.AskProfessorLiforadvice.听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。14.WhyisSarainthiscity?A.Toattendameeting.B.Togoonafamilytrip.C.Tovisitsomeworkmates.15.WhatmakesSaradissatisfiedwiththehotelinthestreetcorner?A.Itsservice.B.Itsenvironment.C.Itsroomsize.16.WhoisRoy?A.Themalespeaker.B.Theman’sson.C.Thewoman’sworkmate.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Howdotwoshypeopleusuallybehaveattheirfirstmeeting?A.Theyavoideachotherintentionally.B.They’retooshytostartaconversation.C.Theyasktheircommonfriendforhelp.18.What’sthespeaker’ssecondsuggestion?A.Buildingfriends’confidence.B.Offeringfriendsinformation.C.Helpingfriendsmakejudgments.19.Whatshouldonedoaftergettingtwoshyfriendstalkingtoeachother?A.Thinkaboutthenexttopic.B.Getinvolvedintheconversation.C.Leavethemtalkingtoeachother.20.Whatisthespeakerdoing?A.Persuadinghisfriends.B.Sharinghisexperience.C.Hostingaradioprogram.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ATheArtInstituteofChicagoVisitingtime:Themuseumisopendaily10:30a.m.-5:00p.m.andThursdaysuntil8;00p.m.ItisclosedonThanksgivingDay,ChristmasDayandNewYear’sDay.HighlightsoftheArtInstitute●AmericanArtDiscoverhowartistshaveexpressedmanyaspectsoftheAmericanexperiencethroughtherichvarietyofthiscollection.ThistourmightincludetheworksofartistslikePaulRevere,WinslowHomerandGeorgiaO’Keeffe,orfollowthepathofimmigrantcraftsmenastheycreateddesignsforeverydaylife.●Impressionism:Monet,Degas,RenoirandMoreDropinthecolorandexcitementoflate19th-centurylifeasyouviewoneofthemostadmiredcollectionsofFrenchImpressionismintheworld.●HiddenHistoriesHearstoriesaboutartistsandtheirartworksthatmaybeoverlookedorunderappreciatedforonereasonoranother.Thesecouldbeverysmallworks,quietorout-of-the-wayobjects.●MindfulnessToursSlowdownandtakeinjustafewartworks.Thisexperienceincludesguidedmeditationexercisesandclose,mindfullookingexercisestoallowparticipantstobecontemplative(沉思的)，collaborativeandpresentwithalloftheirsenses.ForfamilieswithchildrenWithfreeadmissionforkidsunder14andChicagoteensunder18,theArtInstituteistheperfectplaceforacreativeoutingwiththewholefamily.VisittheFamilyRoomintheRyanEducationCenter,opendailyfrom10:30a.m.—5:00p.m.exceptThanksgiving,ChristmasandNewYear’sDayandintroduceyourchildrentothemuseum’scollectionswithavarietyofactivities.Assemble(组装)puzzlesbasedonmasterpiecesinthemuseum,buildarchitecturalwonderswithcolorfulblocks,andlearnaboutartthroughstoriesandgames.Foodisavailableatanon-sitecafe.(Outsidefoodisnotallowedin.)1.OnwhichdaycanonevisitTheArtInstituteofChicago?A.ThanksgivingDay. B.IndependenceDay.C.ChristmasDay. D.NewYear’sDay.2.WhatcanvisitorslearninHiddenHistories?A.Theearlystoriesofsomebigartists. B.Theartworksofsomepotentialartists.C.Somestoriesaboutlesser-knownartists. D.Someartworkswhosecreatorsareunclear.3.WhatcanchildrendointheFamilyRoom?A.Practicestorytellingskills. B.Decoratesomemasterpieces.C.Enjoytheirhome-madefood. D.Takepartinhands-onactivities.【答案】1.B2.C3.D【解析】【导语】本文是应用文。本文介绍了芝加哥艺术会馆的一些信息。【详解】1.细节理解题。根据“Visitingtime”中的“ItisclosedonThanksgivingDay,ChristmasDayandNewYear’sDay.（它在感恩节、圣诞节和元旦闭馆。）”可知，芝加哥艺术会馆在独立日是开放的。故选B。2.细节理解题。根据“HiddenHistories”中的“Hearstoriesaboutartistsandtheirartworksthatmaybeoverlookedorunderappreciatedforonereasonoranother.Thesecouldbeverysmallworks,quietorout-of-the-wayobjects.（听听关于艺术家和他们的作品的故事，他们可能因为这样或那样的原因而被忽视或不被欣赏。这些可以是非常小的作品，安静或偏僻的物体。）”可知，参观者可以了解到一些鲜为人知的艺术家的故事和作品。故选C。3.细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Assemble(组装)puzzlesbasedonmasterpiecesinthemuseum,buildarchitecturalwonderswithcolorfulblocks，andlearnaboutartthroughstoriesandgames.Foodisavailableatanon-sitecafe.(Outsidefoodisnotallowedin.）（根据博物馆的杰作组装拼图，用彩色积木建造建筑奇迹，通过故事和游戏了解艺术。餐厅内的咖啡厅提供食物。(外面的食物不允许进入。)）”可知，孩子们能参加一些需要动手的活动。故选D。BAsacollegestudentinBoston,Iformedthehabitofbuyingusedbooks.Ienjoythehunt,thegoodpriceandtheunrecognizedtreasures.Ifindoldtextbooks,ex-bestsellers,andbooksonsubjectsI’veneverheardofandnowmustlearnallabout.Idon’tsearchforrarebooks,firsteditions,orleather-boundeditionsbutbooksthatareworthreading.Rereading,forme,isapleasureduringretirement.Thetheaterandtheconcerthallbecomelessappealingtome,alongwithcrowds.Stayingaloneandreadingbookshavebecomeextremelyimportanttome.Literatureneedsthefleshofexperiencetohaveitsfulleffect.Differentbooksoffermeinsightsandwaysofexpressingthatstuckinmymindasgrainsofsandinanoysternowshinelikepearls.Mytasteinbooksimproveswithage.Whilepackingforamove,whichoccursatintervalsoffivetosevenyears,Iclearmyshelvesandpickmybooks.Iabandonafew,laterregretmydecisions,andlookforthemagain.Severalyearsago,Igotridofbooksrelatedtomyjob-architecture.Someweredesignguides,referencebooks,productcatalogs,andthingsthatwentoutofdate.Somewerehistoricalorcenteredonaperiodoranarchitect.Thesehadgivenmemanyhoursofpleasure.WillIeveropentheircoversagain?Certainly.IheldontotheredbulkofSirBanisterFletcher’sAHistoryofArchitectureandbooksonParis,Rome,andBoston.Igaveawaydraftingequipmentandinstruments.Ithrewoutrollsandrollsofpaper,andolddrawingsofprojectscompletedlongago,someofwhichhadevenbeendamaged.Thistime,IstayputinacottagethatsuitsmystatusandI’vemovedoninspirit.NodoubtIwillacquiremoreusedbooksandthrowawaymorebooksaspassionsgrowandfade,likefeatherschangingwiththeseasons.4.Whatdoestheauthorconsidermostimportantwhenchoosingusedbooks？A.Theirappealingcovers. B.Theirreasonableprices.C.Theirexcellentcontent. D.Theircollectionvalue.5.Whatdoestheauthorrealizeashegrowsolder?A.Hehasasmallcircleoffriends. B.Hisattitudetowardsworkchanges.C.Hiscommunicationskillsimprove. D.Hehasadeeperunderstandingoflifeandbooks.6.Whydoestheauthormentionbooksonarchitecture?A.Toshowsomebooksareworthreadingrepeatedly.B.TorecommendSirBanisterFletcher’sbooks.C.Tosuggestweavoidmakingpoordecisions.D.Toexplainhisloveforarchitecture.7.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthorfromthelastparagraph?A.Hewillstopthrowingawayusedbooks.B.Helikesupdatinghiscollectionofusedbooks.C.Heisbadatusingadvanceddraftingequipment.D.Heenjoysleadinganactivelifeinthecountryside.【答案】4.C5.D6.A7.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者从购买二手书的经历、重新阅读的意义和不断更新自己的读物等几个方面说明各阅读的重要性和意义。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Idon’tsearchforrarebooks,firsteditions,orleather-boundeditionsbutbooksthatareworthreading.”（我不寻找珍本、第一版或皮面版的书，而是那些值得一读的书。）可知，作者在购买书时最看重的是书的内容。故选C项。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Differentbooksoffermeinsights（见解）andwaysofexpressingthatstuckinmymindasgrainsofsandinanoyster（牡蛎）nowshinelikepearls.Mytasteinbooksimproveswithage.”（不同的书籍给我提供了深刻的见解和表达方式，就像牡蛎里的沙子现在像珍珠一样闪闪发光一样。我对书籍的鉴赏力随着年龄的增长而提高。）可知，作者随着年龄的增大，他对生活和书本有更深的理解。故选D项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段的例子及“WillIeveropentheircoversagain?Certainly.IheldontotheredbulkofSirBanisterFletcher’sAHistoryofArchitectureandbooksonParis,Rome,andBoston.”（我还会再打开他们的封面吗?当然。我手里拿着班尼斯特·弗莱彻爵士的《建筑史》和有关巴黎、罗马和波士顿的书。）可知，作者提到建筑书籍的目的是说明这些书值得多次阅读。故选A项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“NodoubtIwillacquiremoreusedbooksandthrowawaymorebooksaspassionsgrowandfade,likefeatherschangingwiththeseasons.”（毫无疑问，我将获得更多的二手书，并扔掉更多的书，因为激情就像羽毛随着季节的变化而变化。）可知，作者喜欢不断更新自己的二手书收藏。故选B项。CMr.CalthorpeisaBerkeley-basedurbanplannerwhoisoneofthecreatorsofNewUrban-ism,whichpromotesmixeduse,walkableneighborhoods.Hisdesignsemphasizetheconnectionofhousing,shoppingandpublicspace.Apopularclaimbytheadvocatesofself-drivingcarsisthatnotonlywilltheyleadtofewercars,fastercommunicationsandathoroughrethinkingofcitieswherefindingaplacetoparkisnolongerapriority.Mr.Calthorperejectstheideasoftechindustrypredictorswhosaypersonalautonomousvehicleswillsoonbethesolutiontourbanproblemsliketrafficjams.Heisnotopposedtoautonomousvehicles.Mr.Calthorpe’squarreliswiththeideathatthewidespreadadoptionofpersonallyownedself-drivingcarswillsolvetransportationproblem.Infact,heworriesitwillleadtomoreurbanjams.Thisyear,Mr.CalthorpechallengedSiliconValleytotakeanotherlookatitshousingandtransportationprobleminaproposalinwhichheasked:“CanmorehousesandstreetssolvetheSanFranciscoBayAreahousingcrisis?”TheValley’shousingcrisiscanbeexplainedindatathatshowsthatsince2010,theregionhasadded11jobsforeverynewhomebuilt;themiddlesizedhousepricehasreached$934,000;andrentshavegoneupby60percentsince2012.Oneoftheconsequencesofthegrowingimbalancebetweenhousingandjobsistheincreasingtrafficjams,accordingtoanUrbanFootprintreport.Toavoidthetrafficjams,Mr.Calthorpeputsforwardaplanwhichrequiresefficientmasstransportation.Hehasproposedanalternative—autonomousrapidtransportationorART—usingfleets(车队)ofself-drivingtracksinreservedlanesonmainroadslikeE1CaminoReal.Thoselaneswouldallowthevehiclestotravelfasterandrequirealowerlevelofautonomoustechnology.Andthetruckscouldtravelseparatelyorbeconnectedtogether.8.WhatisMr.Calthorpe’sdreamneighborhoodlike?A.Walkableareaswithemptyspace.B.Connectedareaswithfastertransport.C.Communitieswithfewerself-divingcars.D.Communitieswithconvenientpublicfacilities.9.Whatdothetechindustrypredictorsclaim?A.Parkingisnotaproblemanymore. B.Peopleshouldrejectcardriving.C.Autonomousvehiclescausemoretroubles. D.Self-drivingcarscanerasetrafficjams.10.WhatdoesMr.Calthorpe’squestionaboutSiliconValley’shousingcrisissuggest?A.Hisdoubtaboutthedata. B.Hisdisapprovalofthepractice.C.Hisadviceonavoidingthesuffering. D.Hisacceptanceoftheconsequence.11.WhatisMr.Calthorpe’ssolutiontothetrafficjams?A.Buildingmoreroads. B.Smartfleetsoftrucks.C.Offeringautonomouscars. D.Publictransportation.【答案】8.D9.D10.B11.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，Mr.Calthorpe不反对自动驾驶汽车，但他担心这会导致更多的城市拥堵，因此他提出了一个需要高效大规模运输的计划来避免交通堵塞。【8题详解】细节理解题。由第一段中的“Mr.CalthorpeisaBerkeley-basedurbanplannerwhoisoneofthecreatorsofNewUrban-ism,whichpromotesmixeduse,walkableneighborhoods.Hisdesignsemphasizetheconnectionofhousing,shoppingandpublicspace.(Mr.Calthorpe是伯克利市的城市规划师，他是新城市主义的创始人之一，新城市主义提倡多用途、可步行的社区。他的设计强调住房、购物和公共空间的联系)”可知，新城市主义Mr.Calthorpe提倡多用途、可步行的社区，社区中住房、购物和公共空间相联系，这种社区公共设施很便利——这是Mr.Calthorpe梦寐以求的社区。故选D项。【9题详解】细节理解题。由第二段中的“Mr.Calthorperejectstheideasoftechindustrypredictorswhosaypersonalautonomousvehicleswillsoonbethesolutiontourbanproblemsliketrafficjams.(Mr.Calthorpe拒绝接受科技行业预测人士的观点，他们说，个人自动驾驶汽车很快就会解决交通堵塞等城市问题)”可知，科技行业预测者声称自动驾驶汽车可以消除交通堵塞。故选D项。【10题详解】推理判断题。由第三段“Thisyear,Mr.CalthorpechallengedSiliconValleytotakeanotherlookatitshousingandtransportationprobleminaproposalinwhichheasked:“CanmorehousesandstreetssolvetheSanFranciscoBayAreahousingcrisis?”TheValley’shousingcrisiscanbeexplainedindatathatshowsthatsince2010,theregionhasadded11jobsforeverynewhomebuilt;themiddlesizedhousepricehasreached$934,000;andrentshavegoneupby60percentsince2012.Oneoftheconsequencesofthegrowingimbalancebetweenhousingandjobsistheincreasingtrafficjams,accordingtoanUrbanFootprintreport.(今年，Mr.Calthorpe在一份提案中要求硅谷重新审视其住房和交通问题，他在提案中问道：“更多的房屋和街道能解决旧金山湾区的住房危机吗？”硅谷的住房危机可以用数据来解释，数据显示，自2010年以来，该地区每新建一套住房，就增加11个就业岗位；中等规模的房价已达到93.4万美元；自2012年以来，租金上涨了60%。根据一份城市足迹报告，住房和就业之间日益失衡的后果之一是交通堵塞加剧)”可知，硅谷住房危机中，住房和就业失衡会导致交通堵塞加剧，可得出Mr.Calthorpe不赞成用更多的房屋和街道这种做法来解决住房危机。故选B项。【11题详解】细节理解题。由最后一中的“Toavoidthetrafficjams,Mr.Calthorpeputsforwardaplanwhichrequiresefficientmasstransportation.Hehasproposedanalternative—autonomousrapidtransportationorART—usingfleets(车队)ofself-drivingtracksinreservedlanesonmainroadslikeE1CaminoReal.(为了避免交通堵塞，Mr.Calthorpe提出了一个需要高效大规模运输的计划。他提出了一种替代性的自动快速交通或ART，在E1CaminoReal等主要道路的保留车道上使用自动驾驶轨道车队)”可知，Mr.Calthorpe解决交通堵塞的办法是使用公共交通，在保留的主要道路使用自动驾驶轨道车队。故选D项。DHaveyoueverseenoneofthemanyvideosofanelephantgrabbingapaintbrush,puttingitinpaint,andproducingapaintingsimilartosomethinga5-year-oldcouldcreate?Whilewatchinganelephantpaintisanamazingsight,wecan’thelpbutwonderwhetherthetrainingmethodsandresultsreflectanimalcruelty.A2014studyonfourcaptive(圈养的)AsianelephantsattheMelbourneZooinAustraliasoughttoidentifystress-relatedbehaviorsaroundtheactivityofpainting.Whiletheresearchersfoundthattheelephantshadaneutralresponsetopainting—notstressful,norenriching—itseemedthatwhenanelephantwasnotselectedtopaint,itdisplayednon-interactivebehavior.Thisisseenasapossiblesignalofstressintheanimals.Inaddition,PETA,afamousanimalrightsgroup,hascitedseveralAmericanzoosthatuseharmfultrainingmethodstogetelephantstopaint,performtricks,playinstruments,andmore.Noteveryzoothatorganizeselephantpaintingusesaggression(攻击)toencouragetheelephants.However,PETAarguesthatanimalsheltersshouldnotforceanimalstodotricksatall.Activistorganizationswarnthatelephantscanundergoextremediscomfortinthetrainingprocess.Furthermore,manyofthepaintingelephantsareveryyoung,atanagewheretheyshouldstillbewiththeirmothers.Itraisesquestionsaboutwhetherthere’sachancetheywerecaughtfortheexpresspurposeofperforming,oriftheycouldsomehowberestoredtoareturntothewild.Itisdifficulttosupportanykindoftrainedbehaviorthatdiffersgreatlyfromawildanimal’snaturaltendencies.Theroleofashelter,ideally,istoallowananimaltoliveasclosetoitsnormallifeaspossible,perhapswithaneyetoreturningtheanimaltothewild;teachingthemtopaintdoesnotseemtoalignwiththattarget,particularlyifit’snotalearnedbehaviorthattheanimalwouldbewillingtodoindependently.12.Whatcanbesafelyconcludedfromthe2014study?A.Researchersdidn’tcollectsolidevidence.B.Paintingpromotedelephants’interaction.C.Negativeeffectsofpaintingwereconfirmed.D.Elephantsmadestrongresponsestopainting.13.Whatisaconcernofactivistorganizations?A.Complexityofthetrainingprocess. B.Purposesofelephants’performance.C.Dailyactivitiesofcaptiveelephants. D.Potentialforelephants’returntonature.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“alignwith”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Wanderoff. B.Setup. C.Consistwith. D.Goagainst.15Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A.HowPETAHelps? B.WhyAnimalRights? C.ShouldElephantsPaint? D.ShouldElephantsliveincaptivity?【答案】12.A13.D14.C15.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了“大象绘画”这一现象可能反映了虐待动物的行为，我们不应该强迫动物进行这种训练，而是应该让动物尽可能接近其正常生活，或让它们回归野外。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段关键句“Whiletheresearchersfoundthattheelephantshadaneutralresponsetopainting—notstressful,norenriching—itseemedthatwhenanelephantwasnotselectedtopaint,itdisplayednon-interactivebehavior.Thisisseenasapossiblesignalofstressintheanimals.”（尽管研究人员发现大象对绘画的反应是中性的——既没有压力，也没有丰富——但当大象没有被选中绘画时，它似乎表现出了非互动行为。这被视为动物压力的可能信号。）可知，研究人员发现，当大象没有被选中绘画时，它似乎表现出了非互动行为，但这只被视为动物压力的可能信号，并不是确凿的证据，由此可知，从2014年的研究中可以得出的安全结论是研究人员没有收集到确凿的证据。故选A项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段关键句“Itraisesquestionsaboutwhetherthere’sachancetheywerecaughtfortheexpresspurposeofperforming,oriftheycouldsomehowberestoredtoareturntothewild.”（这引发了人们的疑问，它们是否有可能因为表演而被抓住，或者它们是否可以以某种方式回到野外。）可知，活动性社团组织担心这些表演的大象是否因为表演而被抓住，它们是否可以回到野外，由此可知，活动性社团组织担心的是大象回归自然的可能性。故选D项。【14题详解】词义猜测题。根据画线短语句中“Theroleofashelter,ideally,istoallowananimaltoliveasclosetoitsnormallifeaspossible,perhapswithaneyetoreturningtheanimaltothewild”（理想情况下，庇护所的作用是让动物尽可能接近其正常生活，也许是为了让动物回归野外）可知，庇护所的作用是让动物尽可能接近其正常生活，或让动物回归野外，由此可知，教它们画画与这个目标不一致，“Consistwith”意为“和……一致”，能够表达画线短语在句中所要表达的意思。故选C项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段关键句“Whilewatchinganelephantpaintisanamazingsight,wecan’thelpbutwonderwhetherthetrainingmethodsandresultsreflectanimalcruelty.”（虽然观看大象绘画是一个令人惊叹的景象，但我们不禁怀疑训练方法和结果是否反映了虐待动物的行为。）可知，本文介绍了“大象绘画”这一现象可能反映了虐待动物的行为，我们不应该强迫动物进行这种训练，而是应该让动物尽可能接近其正常生活，或让它们回归野外，“ShouldElephantsPaint?”意为“大象应该画画吗？”选项能够概括文章主要内容。故选C项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Haveyounoticedhoweveningscooloffmoreinruralareasthantheydoincities?Urbanareasalsotendtogethotterduringthedaythananynearbyareaswithlotsofgreenery.____16____It’smainlycausedbythedifferenceinmaterialsthatcoverthegroundinurbanareasandthecountryside.Inthecountry,evaporation(蒸发)ofwaterfromsoilandtheleavesofplantshelpstocooltheair.____17____Havingfewerplants,citieshavelessevaporationandareunabletocooldownthetemperature.Darkcoloursareanotherproblem.Darkobjectsabsorballwavelengthsoflight,makingthetemperatureincreasemorenoticeably.Incontrast,whiteobjectsreflectallwavelengthsoflightenergy.____18____Sadly,mostpartsofcitiesarecoveredbyasphalt(沥青),steel,roofsandbrickswhichareoftendarkincolour.____19____Aspeopledrivecars,heatbuildings,andrunairconditioners,citiesaregeneratingwasteheatandpouringitintotheatmospheredirectly.Thewasteheataddstothesolarenergytrappedbythetallbuildings.Butcitiesdon’thavetobesohot.Somecitieshavelightenedtheirstreets.Thisisdonebycoveringblackasphaltstreets,parkinglots,anddarkroofswithamorereflectivegraycoating.____20____Havingmoregreenspacesalsohelps.Plantsserveasanaturalairconditioner.Theycatchheat,releasevapour(蒸汽)intotheair,andtakeawayheat,contributingtocooler,freshercities.A.Citiesalsoproducemoreheatthansuburbanareas.B.Thehigherthetemperature,theshorterthewavelength.C.Thisphenomenonisknownastheurbanheat-islandeffect.D.Soitwillnotbetransformedintoheatwhichmakestheairhot.E.Changesinbuildingmaterialshaveaminimaleffectoncitytemperatures.F.Muchofthesoilincities,bycontrast,hasbeencoveredwithroadsandbuildings.G.Thesechangescandecreaseairtemperaturesdramatically,especiallyinsummer.【答案】16.C17.F18.D19.A20.G【解析】【导语】本文是一篇科普说明文。文章介绍了热岛效应。【16题详解】段末句，考查段落结论句。根据上文提示“Haveyounoticedhoweveningscooloffmoreinruralareasthantheydoincities?Urbanareasalsotendtogethotterduringthedaythananynearbyareaswithlotsofgreenery.”（你有没有注意到，农村的夜晚比城市凉爽得多?城市地区在白天也往往比附近有很多绿色植物的地区更热。）可知，本文是一篇介绍热岛效应的科普文。首段的行文逻辑为从现象到结论，从而引出热岛效应这一地理名词。所以，C项“Thisphenomenonisknownastheurbanheat-islandeffect.”（这种现象被称为城市热岛效应。）符合题意。故选C。【17题详解】段中句，考查转折性过渡句。F选项“Muchofthesoilincities,bycontrast,hasbeencoveredwithroadsandbuildings.”（相比之下，城市的大部分土壤已经被道路和建筑物覆盖。）的“城市的土地被道路和建筑覆盖”与前一句“evaporationofwaterfromsoilandtheleavesofplantshelpstocooltoair”（土壤和植物叶子中的水分蒸发有助于冷却到空气中）形成转折关系。这两句回应第二段主题句“It’smainlycausedbythedifferenceinmaterialsthatcoverthegroundinurbanareasandthecountryside.”（这主要是由于城市和农村覆盖地面的材料不同造成的。）故选F。【18题详解】段中句，考查结论性过渡句。空前句子“Incontrast,whiteobjectsreflectallwavelengthsoflightenergy”（相反，白色物体反射所有波长的光能）和D选项“Soitwillnotbetransformedintoheatwhichmakestheairhot.”（所以它不会转化为使空气变热的热量。）形成因果关系。即，白色物品会反射所有波长的光，因此能量不会被转换成热量，从而让空气变热。故选D。【19题详解】段首句，考查段落主题句。A选项“Citiesalsoproducemoreheatthansuburbanareas.”（城市也比郊区产生更多的热量。）中的“producemoreheat（产生更多的热量）”与选项下一句“Aspeopledrivecars,heatbuildings,andrunairconditioners,citiesaregeneratingwasteheatandpouringitintotheatmospheredirectly.”（随着人们开车、给建筑物供暖和使用空调，城市正在产生废热，并将其直接排放到大气中。）中的“generatewasteheat（产生废热）”形成对应关系。开车，供暖或是开空调都是产生热量的行为。故选A。【20题详解】段末句，考查递进逻辑关系。本段的讨论内容为解决热岛效应的方法。G选项中的“thesechanges（这些变化）”对应了选项前面一句的方法，即，“coveringblackasphaltstreets,parkinglots,anddarkroofswithamorereflectivegraycoating”（覆盖黑色沥青街道、停车场和深色屋顶的反光性更强的灰色涂层）。同时，G选项“Thesechangescandecreaseairtemperaturesdramatically,especiallyinsummer.”（这些变化会使气温急剧下降，尤其是在夏天。）进一步解释了这些举措所能带来的好处，与前文形成递进关系。故选G。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Ilivedwithmymotherandthreeyoungerbrothers.Weneverhadmuch,butthatwasOK,forwemadeendsmeet___21___.Yearslater,Iwas___22___intotheUniversityofPittsburghandreceivedsomeacademicscholarshipsthat___23___mytuition.RoomandboardwerenotincludedsoIchosetopayforthemealplanbutnotthe___24___becauseitwastooexpensive.Idrovemy___25___van(厢式货车)tothecampusandpurchaseda___26___passsoastoliveinmyvan.The___27___inPittsburghwasbad.Itwassuperhotandhumidinsummerandfreezingcoldandsnowyinwinter.Beinghomeless___28___metouseeverythingthecampushadtooffer___29___Iwantedtospendaslittletimeinmyvanaspossible.Ispentmostofmysparetimeatthe___30___.Besides,Ioftenvisitedmyprofessors’offices.Ididn’treallyspeakmuchunless___31___to,butnotwantingtositaroundinmyvanmademe___32___outofmycomfortzoneanddonewthings.Ireallydevelopeda(n)___33___personalitybecauseofit.Now,Ihavegotareallygoodjobandhavebeen___34___mybrotherstoprepareforlife.Lookingback,Iwanttosaythatsufferingisnotjustanexperienceforme,butapreciousspiritual___35___aswell.21A.either B.somewhat C.anyhow D.still22.A.invited B.admitted C.allowed D.acquired23.A.covered B.consumed C.completed D.contained24.A.books B.food C.clothes D.housing25.A.fashionable B.big C.traditional D.worn26.A.reading B.parking C.swimming D.living27.A.scenery B.atmosphere C.weather D.situation28.A.permitted B.forced C.required D.expected29.A.since B.although C.unless D.while30.A.campus B.playground C.dormitory D.library31.A.shouted B.quarreled C.spoken D.discussed32.A.bring B.take C.run D.step33.A.easygoing B.outgoing C.humorous D.generous34.A.helping B.appointing C.promoting D.warning35.A.influence B.reflection C.wealth D.protection【答案】21.C22.B23.A24.D25.D26.B27.C28.B29.A30.D31.C32.D33.B34.A35.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者家境贫寒，上大学后没有钱住宿舍，只好住在一辆破旧的厢式货车里。坚强乐观的作者充分利用一切机会刻苦学习并不断改变、提升自我，最终拥有了幸福的人生。【21题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们的钱不多，但也还好，反正我们的收支相抵。A.either也（不）；B.somewhat稍微，有点；C.anyhow无论如何，不管怎样；D.still仍然。根据“Weneverhadmuch”及转折词but可知，虽然作者家境贫寒，但是不管怎么说，还是能够设法做到收支相抵。故选C项。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：多年后，我被匹兹堡大学录取，并获得了一些学术奖学金，以支付我的学费。A.invited邀请；B.admitted承认，接收（入学）；C.allowed允许；D.acquired获得。根据下文“receivedsomeacademicscholarships”可知，作者被匹兹堡大学录取了，并且拿到了奖学金。故选B项。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：多年后，我被匹兹堡大学录取，并获得了一些学术奖学金，以支付我的学费。A.covered遮盖，足够支付；B.consumed消费，消耗；C.completed完成；D.contained包含。分析句子结构可知，此处是that引导的定语从句，that指代先行词scholarships，指作者的奖学金能够支付他的学费。故选A项。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：房费和伙食费不包括在内，所以我选择付餐费，但不付房费，因为太贵了。A.books书；B.food食物；C.clothes衣服；D.housing房屋，住宿。根据下文“soastoliveinmyvan”可知，作者选择住在厢式货车上，所以此处指没有钱支付住宿的费用。故选D项。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我开着我那辆破旧的厢式货车去了学校，买了一张停车卡，这样我就可以住在车里了。A.fashionable时尚的；B.big大的；C.traditional传统的；D.worn破旧的。根据上文内容可知，作者家的经济条件很差，食宿都成问题，因此他的厢式货车一定是破旧不堪的。故选D项。【26题详解】考查动名词词义辨析。句意：我开着我那辆破旧的厢式货车去了学校，买了一张停车卡，这样我就可以住在车里了。A.reading阅读；B.parking停车；C.swimming游泳；D.living居住。根据常理及下文根据下文“soastoliveinmyvan”可知，作者想把厢式货车长期停放在校园里，必须购买停车许可证。故选B项。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：匹兹堡的天气非常糟糕。A.scenery风景；B.atmosphere氛围；C.weather天气；D.situation情况。根据下一句“Itwassuperhotandhumidinsummerandfreezingcoldandsnowyinwinter.(夏天超级炎热潮湿，冬天又冷又多雪)”可知，匹兹堡的天气非常糟糕，夏天炎热潮湿，冬季寒冷多雪。故选C项。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：无家可归迫使我利用学校提供的一切资源，因为我想尽可能少地待在我的厢式货车里。A.permitted批准，许可；B.forced强迫；C.required需要；D.expected期望。根据语境并结合常理可知，没有温暖的住所迫使作者尽可能充分利用校园里能提供的一切便利条件。故选B项。【29题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：无家可归迫使我利用学校提供的一切资源，因为我想尽可能少地待在我的厢式货车里。A.since因为，自从；B.although尽管；C.unless除非；D.while然而，当……时。根据前后的逻辑关系可知，此处用since引导原因状语从句，因为作者想在车里待的时间尽可能少一些。故选A项。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的大部分业余时间都在图书馆度过。A.campus校园；B.playground操场；C.dormitory宿舍；D.library图书馆。根据前文“Beinghomeless8metouseeverythingthecampushadtooffer”并结合常理可知，作者大部分业余时间都在学校图书馆度过。故选D项。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我很少说话，除非有人跟我说话，但我不想坐在我的厢式货车里，这让我走出我的舒适区，去做新的事情。A.shouted喊叫；B.quarreled吵架；C.spoken说话；D.discussed讨论。根据空前“Ididn’treallyspeak”及下文内容可