2024年人工智能就业晴雨表（英文）-31正式版

PwC’s2024AIJobsBarometerHowwillAIaffectjobs,skills,wages,andproductivity?/aijobsbarometerPwC’s2024AIJobsBarometergoesbeyondpredictionsaboutAI’simpacttofindevidencebyanalysingoverhalfabillionjobads.TheBarometerrevealshowAIistransformingtheworldofwork,makingpeopleandbusinessesmoreproductivewhilechangingwhatittakesforworkerstosucceed.HeadlineFindings4.8x

25%SectorswithhighestAIpenetrationareseeingalmostfivefold(4.8x)greaterlabourproductivitygrowth.Risinglabourproductivitycangenerateeconomicgrowth,higherwages,andenhancedlivingstandards.JobsthatrequireAIspecialistskillscarryuptoa25%wagepremiuminsomemarkets.3.5x

25%GrowthinjobsthatrequireAIspecialistskillshasoutpacedalljobssince2016(wellbeforeChatGPTbroughtfreshattentiontoAI),withnumbersofAIspecialistjobsgrowing3.5timesfasterthanalljobs.Skillssoughtbyemployersarechangingata25%higherrateinoccupationsmostabletouseAI.Tostayrelevant,workersinthesejobswillneedtobuildordemonstratenewskills.PwC’s2024AIJobsBarometer2HalfabillionjobadsrevealAI’simpactAIistheIndustrialRevolutionofknowledgework,transforminghowallworkerscanapplyinformation,createcontent,anddeliverresultsatspeedandscale.Howisthisaffectingjobs?WiththeAIJobsBarometer,PwCsetouttofindempiricalevidencetohelpsortfactfromfiction.PwCanalysedoverhalfabillionjobadsfrom15countriestofindevidenceofAI’simpactatworldwidescalethroughjobsandproductivitydata.PwCtrackedthegrowthofjobsthatdemandspecialistAIskills(suchasmachinelearningorneuralnetworks)acrosscountriesandsectorsasanindicationofAIpenetration.We1findthatAIpenetrationisaccelerating,especiallyinprofessionalservices,information&communication,andfinancialservices.WorkerswithspecialistAIskillscommandsignificantwagepremiums,suggestingthattheirabilitiestodeployAIarevaluabletocompanies.1AI’struepenetrationintotheeconomymaybeevengreaterthanreflectedinthisanalysis.Byfocusingonjobads,thisanalysiscapturesAI’simpactonjobchangers,butdoesnotcaptureAIusageorupskillingforexistingemployees.PwC’s2024AIJobsBarometer3TheAIJobsBarometeruseshalfabillionjobadsfrom15countriestoexamineAI’simpactonjobs,skills,wages,andproductivityButAI’simpactisnotlimitedtoonlythoseworkerswhohavespecialistAIskills.Many,ifnotmost,workerswhouseAItoolsintheirworkdonothaveorneedthesespecialistskills.Forexample,alimitednumberofworkerswithspecialistAIskillsmaydesignanAIsystemortoolforacompanythatisthenusedbyhundredsorthousandsofthecompany’scustomerserviceagents,analysts,orlawyers-noneofwhomhavespecialistAIskills.Infact,onethingthatmakesawell-knownformofAI-generativeAI-suchapowerfultechnologyisthattypicallyitcanbeoperatedusingsimpleeverydaylanguagewithnotechnicalskillsrequired.TocaptureAI’simpactonalljobs,PwCanalysedalljobs(andsectors)bytheirlevelof‘AIexposure.’AhigherlevelofAIexposuremeansthatAIcanmorereadilybeusedforsometasks.ExamplesofoccupationswithhigherAIexposurearefinancialanalysts,customerserviceagents,softwarecoders,andadministrationmanagers.TheanalysisrevealedthatsectorswithhigherAIexposureareexperiencingmuchhigherlabourproductivitygrowth.Atthesametime,theskillsdemandedbyemployersinAI-exposedoccupationsarechangingfast.Readontolearnmore.PwC’s2024AIJobsBarometer4KeyTerms‘AIspecialistskills’:Specialist,technicalAIskillslikedeeplearningorcognitiveautomation.SeeAppendixOneforAIskillslist.‘AIspecialistjobs’:Jobsthatrequirespecialist,technicalAIskills.‘Alljobs’:Alljobsinalloccupations.‘AI-exposed’:DescribesalljobsorsectorsinwhichAIcanreadilybeusedforsometasks(basedondefinitionofAIOccupationalExposuredevelopedbyFeltenetal.)PwC’s2024AIJobsBarometer5AIpenetrationisacceleratingAttentiontoAI’simpactonthejobsmarketexplodedinNovember2022withthelaunchofChatGPT3.5.However,thedatashowsthatAIhadquietlyexertedagrowingimpactonthejobsmarketyearsbefore.GrowthinAIspecialistjobshasoutpacedgrowthinalljobssince2016,wellbeforeChatGPTbroughtfreshfocustoAI.Today,thereareseventimesasmanypostingsforspecialistAIjobsastherewerein2012.Incontrast,postingsforalljobshavegrownmoreslowly,doublingsince2012.Putanotherway,openingsforjobsthatrequirespecialistAIskillshavegrown3.5timesfasterthanopeningsforalljobssince2012.GrowthinAljobshasoutpacedalljobssinceatleast2016NumberofJobPostings,relativeto201212108642020122013AllJobs2014201520162017201820192020202120222023AIJobsSource:PwCanalysisofLightcastdata.Theanalysisrepresentssixofthefifteencountries:US,UK,Singapore,Australia,Canada,andNewZealand.Ninecountrieshavebeenexcludedduetodatapriorto2018beingunavailable:France,Germany,Belgium,Denmark,Spain,Italy,Netherlands,Norway,andSweden.The2022peakinjobpostingsaboverepresentsexceptionallyhighdemandforworkerswhichgraduallyeasedin2023asjobmarketconditionsreturnedtowardnormal.PwC’s2024AIJobsBarometer6KnowledgeworksectorshavehigherAIpenetrationKnowledgeworksectorsinparticularareseeinggrowingdemandforjobsthatrequirespecialistAIskills.Theshareofjobadsrequiringtheseskillsishigherinprofessionalservices,information&communication,andfinancialservices-preciselythosesectorspredictedtobemostexposedtoAI.Financialserviceshasa2.8xhighershareofjobs2requiringAIskillsvsothersectors,professionalservicesis3xhigher,andinformation&communicationis5xhigher.ShareofjobpostingsbysectorrequiringAlskills5%4%3%2%1%0%2012InformationandCommunicationSources:PwCanalysisofLightcastdata,UKGovernmentImpactofAIonJobs2023.“Othersectors”includesAgriculture,Mining,Power,Water,Retail20132014201520162017201820192020202120222023ProfessionalServicesFinancialServicesOthersectorstrade,Transportation,Accommodation,RealEstate,Administrativeactivities,ArtsandEntertainment,Householdactivities,Construction,Manufacturing,Education,HealthandSocialActivitiesandExtraterritorialActivitiessectors.Chartincludesall15countriesinthisstudy.2AIOccupationalExposure(AIOE),constructedbyFeltenetal(2021),scoresandmeasuresthedegreetowhichoccupationsrelyonabilitiesinwhichAIhasmadethemostprogressinrecentyears,meaningAIcanmorereadilybeusedforsometasksinthoseoccupations.PwC’s2024AIJobsBarometer7AIspecialistjobscommanduptoa25%wagepremiumonaverageAI’svaluetocompaniesismadeclearbywhatishappeningwiththewagesofworkerswithAIspecialistskills-theverypeoplewhoaremakingtheAIrevolutionpossible.25%Upto25%wagepremiumforworkerswithspecialistAIskillsPwC’s2024AIJobsBarometer8Aswehaveseen,growthinjobsdemandingAIspecialistskillshasoutpacedgrowthinalljobssince2016.What’smore,thesejobscarryuptoa25%wagepremiumonaverage,underliningthevalueoftheseskillstocompanies.BelowareaverageAIwagepremiumsforfivecountriesforwhichthereissufficientdatatoperformtheanalysis.Toshowhowthiswagepremiumcanaffectindividualoccupations,wagepremiumsforselectedoccupationsaregiven.WagepremiumforjobvacancieswhichrequireAlskillsbycountryCountryAlWagePremiumOccupationUSAUKCanada+8%-AustraliaSingapore+35%-5%DatabaseDesignersandAdministrators+53%+49%+43%+33%+32%+30%+18%+25%+58%+27%+14%+32%+24%+34%+5%+14%-LawyersSalesandMarketingManagers+3%-+7%-+3%FinancialAnalystsApplicationsProgrammersSystemsAnalystsAccountants+11%+34%+28%+4%-+7%+7%-+15%+17%+11%Averagewagepremiumacrossalljobs+14%+6%+7%Sources:PwCanalysisofLightcastdata,ISCO-08OccupationCodes(4-digitlevel).2023data.Thesefindingsdonotdemonstrateacausalrelationship.TheseestimatesarecalculatedbycomparingtheaveragesalariesofAIjobpostingstothoseofnon-AIpostingsforthesameoccupations.Twofiltersareappliedtoensure(1)thecountofAIjobpostingsand(2)theratioofAIjobs:non-AIjobsbeingcomparedisaboveacertainthreshold.Theanalysisprovidedrepresentsfiveofthe15countries:UK,USA,Singapore,CanadaandAustralia.Theremainderofthecountrieshavebeenomittedfromthisanalysisasthedatawaslessextensive:NewZealand,Italy,France,Germany,Spain,Belgium,Netherlands,Denmark,NorwayandSweden.Forexample,jobadsforUSsalesmanagersthatrequireAIspecialistskillsofferwagesthatareonaverage43%higherthanjobadsforsalesmanagersthatdonotrequireAIskills.Canada’saccountantscanenjoya17%wagepremiumiftheyhaveAIspecialistskills,andUKemployersarewillingtopaya27%premiumforlawyersequippedwithAIskills.PwC’s2024AIJobsBarometer9AIappearstobedrivingaproductivityrevolutionSofarthisreporthasdiscussedjobswhichrequirespecialistAIskillslikedeeplearningornaturallanguageprocessing.Butmany,ifnotmost,workerswhouseAItoolsintheirworkdonothavetheseskills.TounderstandhowAIisaffectingall

jobs,PwCexaminedjobsandsectorsbytheirlevelsof‘AIexposure’whichmeansthedegreetowhichAIcanreadilybeusedforsometasks.PwC’sanalysisrevealedhowhigherlevelsofAIexposureappeartobeaffectingworkers’productivity,numbersofjobopenings,andtheskillsthatjobsrequire.First,let’sseehowAImaybeaffectingproductivity.Labourproductivitygrowthhasbeensluggishinmanynationsforyears.OECDcountrieshaveexperiencedalostdecadeoflabourproductivitygrowthwithweakaverageannualrisesof1.1%from2011to2020,followedbydeclinesinboth2021and2022.34.8xhighergrowthinlabourproductivityinAl-exposedsectors3OECD,LabourProductivityandUtilisation.Thepandemichadanegativeimpactonproductivityin2020-2022.PwC’s2024AIJobsBarometer10Thisstagnantlabourproductivityisaseriousproblembecauseitisadragoneconomicgrowth,reducingpotentialtaxrevenues,chippingawayatinvestmentinpublicservicesandflatlininglivingstandards.RecentlytherehasbeenmuchspeculationthatAIcansuperchargeworkers’productivity.Thegoodnewsisthereisnowevidencetosuggestthatthisisnotjustwishfulthinking,andisalreadyfastbecomingreality.Wehaveseenthatthreesectors-financialservices,IT,andprofessionalservices-havehigherAIexposureandhigherAIpenetration.Howisthisaffectingproductivity?Thedatashowsthatthesethreesectorsareseeingnearly5xfasterproductivitygrowththansectorswithlowerAIexposure(suchastransport,manufacturingandconstruction).Alexposureandlabourproductivitygrowthratebysector.Eachdotrepresentsacountry.30%20%10%0%-10%-20%-1.5-1-0.500.511.522.5SectorslessexposedtoAlAlSectoralExposureSectorsmoreexposedtoAlAverage.9%Average4.3%Sources:PwCanalysisofOECDdata,Feltenetal.(2021).TheAIOccupationExposure(AIOE)constructedbyFeltenetal’s(2021)AIOccupationalExposure(AIOE)scoresandmeasuresthedegreetowhichoccupationsrelyonabilitiesinwhichAIhasmadethemostprogressinrecentyears,meaningAIcanmorereadilybeusedforsometasks.TheAIOEscoreisarelativemeasure,wherehighernumbersindicategreaterexposuretoAI,meaningthatevennegativevaluesstillimplyacertaindegreeofexposuretoAI.Tomeasurethegrowthrateinlabourproductivity,PwCusedtheOECD’sGVAperpersonemployedmetric,indexedon2018.DuetotheavailabilityoftheOECDdata,PwCfocusedonjustsixsectors.The2023OECDlabourproductivitydatahasnotbeenreleased.Thereforethelabourproductivitygrowthratebetween2018and2022isconsidered.IftheviewthatAIisincreasingproductivityiscorrect,itwouldbeexpectedthatthepatternofstrongerproductivitygrowthforAI-exposedsectorswouldcontinueoracceleratein2023.The‘4.8xhighergrowth’isacomparisonofaveragedlabourproductivitygrowthrates;absolutegrowthratesare0.9%and4.3%.PwC’s2024AIJobsBarometer11Whileitisnotpossibletoprovecausation,thisisanintriguingpattern.Unlikethecomputerrevolutionwhichtooksignificanttimetoenhanceproductivity(economistRobertSolowonceobservedthattheimpactofthecomputeragewasevidenteverywherebutintheproductivitystatistics),thedatasuggestsAIisalreadydoingso,rightnow.AImaybecompressingthe‘productivityJ-curve’inwhichnewtechnologies4cantakesignificanttimetocauseasharpuptickinproductivity.PwC’s2024GlobalCEOSurvey

confirmsthat84%ofCEOswhosecompanieshavebeguntoadoptAIbelieveitwillincreaseefficiencyintheiremployees’timeatwork.5Increasingproductivitymeansmorethanjustdoingtheoldthingsfaster.Italsomeansfindingnew,AI-poweredwaystocreatevalue.Infact,70%ofCEOssaythatAIwillsignificantlychangethewaytheircompanycreates,deliversandcapturesvalueoverthenextthreeyears.Aldoesmorethanhelpworkersdotheoldthingsfaster.Alopensthedoortonewbusinessmodelsandwaysofcreatingvalue.Theimplicationsforbusinessarehuge.GlobalCEOsanticipatethatoneformofAI-generativeAI-willdeliversignificanttopandbottomlinebenefits,with46%sayingitwillincreaseprofitability,and41%sayingitwillincreaserevenue.Investorsagree.PwC’s2023GlobalInvestorSurvey

showsthatinvestorsbelieveacceleratedadoptionofAIiscriticaltothevalueequation,with61%ofinvestorssayingfasteradoptionisveryorextremelyimportant.Whenresponsesindicating‘moderatelyimportant’areincluded,theproportionjumpsto85%.Allofthisaddsuptoapositivestoryfortheglobaleconomy:arevolutioninproductivityandvaluecreation.4ProductivityJ-curve,’Brynjolfssonetal.,NationalBureauofEconomicResearch.5Aroundathirdoftherespondentsinour2024GlobalCEOSurveyhavebeguntoadoptAI.Ofthese,84%believeitwillincreaseemployees’efficiency.ThesefindingssuggestthatcompaniesleadingthewayonAIdeploymentareseeingthebenefits.PwC’s2024AIJobsBarometer12AIishelpingtoeaselabourshortagesInAI-exposedoccupationssuchascustomerservicesandIT-anumberofwhichhaveacutelabourshortages-jobsarestillgrowing,but27%moreslowlyonaverage.Thiscouldbegoodnewsformanynationsfacingshrinkingworkingagepopulationsandvastunmetneedsforlabourinmanysectors.AIcanhelptoensurethatthelaboursupplyisavailablefortheeconomytoreachitsfullpotential.27%LowerjobgrowthinAl-exposedoccupations(thoughjobsstillgrowingoverall)PwC’s2024AIJobsBarometer13JobopeningsarestillgrowinginAl-exposedoccupations,butmoreslowly250%CleanersandHelpers200%ConstructionandManufacturingLabourers150%SalesandServiceWorkersPlantandMachineryOperatorsClericalSupportWorkers100%Administrative&CommercialManagers50%AgricultureLabourersBusinessProfessionalsITProfessionals0%-2.00-1.50-1.00-0.500.000.501.001.502.00-50%OccupationlessexposedtoAlOccupationismoreexposedtoAl-100%Averagegrowth80%Averagegrowth58%AlOccupationExposureSources:PwCanalysisofLightcastdata,ISCO-08OccupationCodes(2-digitlevel)andFeltenet.alAIOccupationExposure.Thecross-countrycomparisonontherighthandsideconsidersthedifferenceinthegrowthinjobpostingsbetweentheoccupationsmostexposedtoAIandthoseleastexposedtoAI.ItisimportanttoemphasisethatjobnumbersinAI-exposedoccupationsarestillgrowing.ThedatasuggeststhatAIdoesnotheraldaneraofjoblossesbutrathermoregradualjobsgrowth,helpingtoenablecompaniestofindtheworkerstheyneed.PwC’s2024AIJobsBarometer14Whatthismeansforworkers:BuildskillsforanAIageTheskillsrequiredbyemployersinAI-exposedoccupationsarechangingfast.Oldskillsaredisappearingfromjobads-andnewskillsareappearing-25%fasterthaninroleslessexposedtoAI.25%higherskillschangeinAl-exposedoccupationsPwC’s2024AIJobsBarometer15Changeinskillsdemandedbyemployersforoccupationsmore(andless)exposedtoAl14Greaterchangeinskillsdemandedby12108WebandmultimediadevelopersemployerSoftwaredevelopersWebtechnicians6AthletesandsportsplayersMathematicians,actuariesandstatisticians4SmallerchangeinskillsdemandedbyHandlaunderersJudges2employerPsychologistsRoofers0-2-1.5-1-0.500.511.52AlOccupationExposureOccupationlessexposedtoAlAverage:2.7OccupationismoreexposedtoAlAverage:3.4(Leastexposedquartile)(Mostexposedquartile)Sources:PwCanalysisofLightcastdata,ISCO-08OccupationCodes(2-digitlevel),Feltenetal.(2021).ThenetskillchangeisbasedonDemingandNoray(2020)andiscalculatedbyusingthedifferencebetween2019-2023inthetotalnumberofskillsrequiredbyjoboccupationsusingtheISCO-084-digitoccupationalcodes.TheAIOccupationExposureisfromFeltenetal’s(2021)andmeasuresthedegreetowhichoccupationsrelyonabilitiesinwhichAIhasmadethemostprogressinrecentyears,meaningAIcanmorereadilybeusedforsometasks.Thecorrelationcoefficientis.31andisthestatisticalmeasurethatquantifiesthestrengthanddirectionofalinearrelationshipbetweennetskillchangeandAIExposure.TocalculatetheaveragenetskillchangesforthemostandleastexposedoccupationstoAI,anaverageofthenetskillchangeofthetopandbottomquartileofoccupationsistakenbasedontheirexposuretoAI.SeeAppendixTwoforformula.WorkersinAI-exposedrolesmayneedtodemonstrateoracquirenewskillstostayrelevantinajobsmarketthatisfast-evolving.PwC’s2024GlobalCEOSurveymakesitclearthat69%ofCEOsanticipatethatgenerativeAIwillrequiremostoftheirworkforcetodevelopnewskills,risingto87%ofCEOswhohavealreadydeployedgenerativeAI.Workersneedtotakeownershipoftheirlearning,rapidlydevelopingtheskillstoremainrelevantandtoembracetheopportunityAIbrings.PwC’s2024AIJobsBarometer16TherearecluestowhichskillsworkersmaywanttobuildtoprosperinanAIage.SomeoftheskillsrisingfastestindemandarethosewhichcannoteasilybeperformedbyAI.Belowarefouroftheskillscategoriesrisingfastestindemand,andforeachcategoryafewexamplesareprovidedofspecificskillswithgrowingdemand.Fromdamconstructiontosportsinstruction,someskillswithboomingdemandarerelativelyhardforAItoperform.FASTESTgrowingskillcategoriesSkillsub-categoryGrowthinskillssub-categoryYoga+426%+178%+20%PerformingArts,Sports,andRecreationSportInstructorsSwimmingCreativeArts+155%+82%+58%+48%+18%ChildSafeguardingLaserHairRemovalSkinTreatments+156%+84%+41%+11%PersonalCareandServicesFuneralArrangementsSolarDevelopmentWaterMetering+87%+58%+44%+33%EnergyandUtilitiesEnergyTradingDamConstructionSedimentSampling+84%EcologicalRestoration+57%EnvironmentWasteCollectionFloodControls+32%+17%Sources:PwCanalysisofLightcastdata.Databasedon2019-2023.Theoverallgrowthinskillcategoriesiscalculatedasthechangeintheaverageshareoftheskillcategoryforallcountriesbetween2019and2023.Ontheotherhand,whatskillsaredecliningindemand?Belowarefourskillscategorieswiththesteepestdeclinesinemployerdemand,withafewillustrativeexamplesofspecificskillswithfalling(orrising)demandwithineachcategory.TheAItransformationiscleartoseeincategorieslikeInformationTechnologywheredemandforAI-relatedskillslike‘AI/MachineLearningInference’isflourishing,while66AI/MachineLearningInferencemeansapplyingamachinelearningmodeltoadatasettogenerateanoutput,insight,orprediction.PwC’s2024AIJobsBarometer17demandforsomeskillsthatmaybemorereadilyreplacedbyAI(suchascodinginJavascript)isfalling.TheAnalysiscategoryshowsasimilarpatternwithsoaringdemandforNaturalLanguageProgramming(anAIskill)anddecliningdemandforRegressionAnalysis,atypeofanalysisAIcanhelptoperform.SLOWESTgrowingskillcategoriesSkillsub-categoryGrowthinskillssub-categoryAI/MLInferenceSmartDevicesCloudOperationsJavascript+113%+81%-7%InformationTechnology-26%-23%-20%-14%-37%GameDesign+12%-11%-30%-46%VisualEffectsDesignSalesComputerGraphicsInterfaceDesignPipelineManagementConsumerSalesOnlineAuctionsColdCalling+6%-11%-23%-37%NaturalLanguageProgrammingAssetAnalyticsDataSynthesis+64%Analysis+3%-8%RegressionAnalysis-21%Withintheslowestgrowingskillscategories,somesub-categoriesbuckthetrendandaregrowingfast.Someofthese(likeAl/MLInference)areAlskills.Sources:PwCanalysisofLightcastdata.Databasedon2019-2023.Theoverallgrowthinskillcategoriesiscalculatedasthechangeintheaverageshareoftheskillcategoryforallcountriesbetween2019and2023.Nogoingbacktoyesterday’sjobsmarket-butvastopportunitiesawaitthosewhoadapttoanAIageAIisredefiningwhatitmeanstobeafinancialanalyst,asoftwarecoder,acustomerserviceagent(andmanymoreroles),openingupwholenewpossibilitiesforworkerstodeliverimpact.WorkerswholearntoharnessAIarelikelytohavebrightfuturesinwhichtheycangenerategreatervalueandcouldconsequentlyhavegreaterbargainingpowerforwages-allwithinacontextofrisingsocietalprosperity.Workersagree.PwC’s2023GlobalWorkforceHopesandFearsSurvey

showsworkersexpectmostlypositivebenefitsfromAIwith31%expectingAItoincreasetheirproductivity/efficiencyand21%expectingAItocreatenewjobopportunities.ManywhopredictAIwillcauseasharpdeclineinjobnumbersareaskingthewrongquestion.ThosewhopredictAIwillhaveanegativeimpactontotaljobnumbersoftenlookbackward,askingwhetherAIcanperformsometasksinthesamewayastheyhavebeendoneinthepast.Theanswerisyes.Buttherightquestiontoaskisthis:HowwillAIgiveusthepowertodoentirelynewthings,generatingnewrolesandevennewindustries?PwC’s2024AIJobsBarometer19AImakeshumanlabourmorerelevantandvaluable,openingupnewopportunitiesforpeopletodevelopnewskillsandenternewroles.AIwillcreatenewjobsforpeoplethatwehaven’tyetbeguntoimagine.Manyofthefastest-growingjobsoftoday-fromcloudengineertodigitalinterfacedesigner-didn’texist10or20yearsagoandhavebeengeneratedbytechnology.Likeaspreadsheetorasaw,AIisatoolthatmakespeoplemorepowerfulandcapable.WorkerswhobuildtheskillstoharnessAIwillbemorevaluablethanever.PeteBrown,GlobalWorkforceLeader,PwCUKAIoftenperformsbestinpartnershipwithpeople.Withoutoversight,AIcanmisscontextandnuanceorgivepoorerqualityoutput.Onlyhumanscanfullyappreciateandnavigatethepeople,processes,andcontextofindividualorganisationsandsituations.Astechnologygetsbetteratbeingtechnology,humanscangetbetteratbeinghumans.ThereisclearevidencethatAIoftendeliversthebestoutcomeswhenusedinpartnershipwithpeople.TheAIerarequiresanewstyleofleadership,anopennesstoboldtransformationandinventivethinkingabouthowAIandpeopletogethercancreatenewformsofvalue.CarolStubbings,GlobalMarketsandTLSLeader,PwCUKOuranalysis(particularlythefindingaboutAI’spotentialimpactonproductivity)suggeststhatAI’seffectonjobsmaybesimilartothatoftheinternalcombustionengineinthe20thcenturywhichreducednumbersofsomejobs(suchashorsetrader)whileatthesametimecreatingfarmorejobsthanitdisplaced(fromtruckdrivertoroadengineertotrafficpolice).PwC’s2024AIJobsBarometer20AIprovidesmuchmorethanefficiencygains.AIoffersfundamentallynewwaysofcreatingvalue.Inourworkwithclients,weseecompaniesareusingAItoamplifythevaluetheirpeoplecandeliver.Wedon’thaveenoughsoftwaredevelopers,doctors,orscientiststodeliverallthecode,healthcare,andscientificbreakthroughstheworldneeds.Thereisanearlylimitlessdemandformanythingsifwecanimproveourabilitytodeliverthem.ScottLikens,GlobalAIandInnovationTechnologyLeader,PwCUSFarfromheraldingtheendofjobs,AIsignalsthestartofanewerainwhichworkerscanbemoreproductiveandvaluablethanever.InsteadoffocusingonlyonhowAIcantakeonsometasksformerlydonebypeople,weshouldthinkinventivelyabouthowtomakethemostofAItocreatenewindustriesandnewrolesforpeople.EmbracingAIinthiswayisonewaytobringaboutcontinuedpositiveoutcomesforworkers.EconomistEricBrynjolfssonobserved,‘IfAIisusedmainlytomimichumans,toreplacehumanswithmachines,itislikelytoleadtolowerwagesandmoreconcentrationofwealth.IfweuseAImainlytoaugmentourskills,todonewthings,thenitislikelytoleadtowidelysharedprosperityandhigherwages.’77TheSecondMachineAge,EricBrynjolfssonPwC’s2024AIJobsBarometer21Nextstepsforcompanies,workers,policymakersThereisnogoingbacktoyesterday’sjobsmarket,but-ifcarefullymanaged-theAIrevolutioncouldbringabrightfutureforworkersandcompanies.Belowarestepsthatcompanies,workers,andpolicymakerscantaketohelprealiseAI’spromisetogrowproductivityandfuelrisingsharedprosperity.Hereiswhatcompaniescando.Businessleaderscanembrace,experiment,andcreatenewuses

ofAI.TheycanthinkbeyondusingAItodothingsthewaytheyhavebeendoneinthepastandinsteaduseAItogeneratenewwaystocreatevalue.WhileAIcanhelptomakeexistingprocessesmoreefficient,companiescanrealiseevenmorebenefitfromAIbyusingittoreinventbusinessmodelsorpioneernewproductlines.ThinkinginventivelyabouthowtouseAIhelpsthecompanytobethedisruptorratherthanthedisrupted,andithelpstocreatenewopportunitiesforpeople.PwC’s2024AIJobs