必修二Unit4HistoryandTraditions单元培优综合测试卷

必修二Unit4HistoryandTraditions单元培优综合测试卷第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A（2024·山西吕梁·三模）London’sMustSeeExhibitionsThisyeariszippingalongatquiteaspeed,andLondon’salreadywitnessedsomegreatexhibitions.Butbigtreatsarestilltoe.VanGogh’sSunflowersandStarryNightatTateBritainAmajorexhibitionatTateBritain,whichexamineshowVanGoghwasinspiredbyBritishart,andhowheintuninspiredBritishartists.HisfamouspaintingSunflowersfillsthegallerywithjoy.TheEYExhibition:VanGoghandBritainatTateBritain.Until11August,£22.GlassMasteratKewGardensDaleChihulycreatessculpturesoutofglassthatwewouldnormallythinkimpossible.With32ofhissculpturesaroundKewGardens,we’relookingforwardtoKewbeingevenmorebeautifulthanitalreadyis.ChihulyatKew:ReflectionsonNatureatKewGardens.13April27October,£13.75.MoreofMooreatMuseumofLondonHenryMoorrisbestknownforhisabstractfiguresculptures.Whatmanywon’tknowaboutishisobsession(痴迷)witharmour(盔甲),andthesculptureshecreatedinspiredbyRenaissancearmour.Actually,they’regoingondisplayatMuseumofLondon,nexttothearmourthatinspiredthem.HenryMoore:TheHelmetHeadsatMuseumofLondon.Until23October,£11.ShiningaLightonRembrandtatDulwichPictureGalleryDulwichPictureGallerymemorates350yearssincethedeathofRembrandtwithanexhibitiononthemanwhomasteredtheuseoflightanddarkinhispaintings.ThelastRembrandtexhibitioninLondonwassuperb.Rembrandt’sLightatDulwichPictureGallery.2October2December,£15.1．Whatdo“ClassMaster”and“MoreofMoore”haveinmon?A．Theybothexhibitsculptures. B．Theyhavethesameendingtime.C．Theysharethesameexhibitionarea. D．Theychargethesameforadmission.2．Wherecanyouenjoyanexhibitionon10November?A．TateBritain B．KewGardensC．MuseumofLondon D．DulwichPictureGallery3．Wherecanwereadthispassage?A．Inanarttextbook. B．Inasportsnewspaper.C．Inatouristmagazine. D．Inanexhibitionbrochure.【答案】1．A2．D3．D【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了伦敦今年一些值得一看的展览，包括展览的主题、地点、时间和票价等信息。1．细节理解题。根据“GlassMasteratKewGardens”部分的句子“DaleChihulycreatessculpturesoutofglassthatwewouldnormallythinkimpossible.”（DaleChihuly创造了我们通常认为不可能的玻璃雕塑。）和“ MoreofMooreatMuseumofLondon”部分的句子“HenryMoorrisbestknownforhisabstractfiguresculptures.”（HenryMoorr最为人所知的是他的抽象人物雕塑。）可知，GlassMaster和MoreofMoore都是雕塑展览，故选A。2．细节理解题。根据“ShiningaLightonRembrandtatDulwichPictureGallery”部分的句子“Rembrandt’sLightatDulwichPictureGallery.2October2December,£15.”（Rembrandt’sLightatDulwichPictureGallery，10月2日至12月2日，15英镑。）可知，11月10日可以在DulwichPictureGallery欣赏展览，故选D。3．推理判断题。根据第一段“Thisyeariszippingalongatquiteaspeed,andLondon’salreadywitnessedsomegreatexhibitions.”（今年过得相当快，伦敦已经见证了一些伟大的展览。）文章主要介绍了伦敦的一些展览信息，包括展览的主题、地点、时间和票价等，因此，我们可以推断这篇文章可能出现在在展览宣传册上，故选D。B（2024·山东日照·模拟预测）Travellingseemedlikefalsehoodtome.IgrewtiredofbackpackersexpressingtoomuchpraiseabouthowpettingababyelephantinThailand“transformed”them.Globetravelingtomeheldnomorepromisethanfindingafewbillsinthepocketofanoldcoat.IneededsomethingdeeperthananEat,Play,Lovemoment.Oneday,Vasilis,myGreekbestfriend,remindedmeofourdecadeoldpromise:afterourfinalexams,IwouldvisithishometowninAthens.Maybe,itwastimetomakegoodonthatpromise.Ifinallyboardedtheplane.Vasilispickedmeupattheairport.Ismiled,thinkinghowimprobablethismomentseemedallthoseyearsago.Thedecadelongwaitprovedtobewellworthit.Everystepthroughtheancientstreetsrevealednewwonders.However,noneofthemtrulymattered.Whatwouldforeveraltermyperceptionoftravelwasachanceencounterwithalocal.VasilisandIwerewanderingAthenswhenaspecialsoundcaughtourattention—arhythmicclinkingdisturbingthequietnessoftheresidentialstreet.Curiously,wefollowedthesoundtoahumbleworkshop.Inside,awelder(焊工)gavenomindtoourpresencebehindhim.Heworenoflashyprotectivesuit—thiswasjustanotherdayforhim,anotherdancewithfireandmetalthathadbeesecondnature.Underthesunshade,hisorangecatrestedinthefortingwarmth...Asthemancontinuedwelding,Ifeltabitofenvy.Ienviedhispeaceandcontentment.Iadmiredthesimplicityheembodied.Iimaginedthewelderhappy,findingfulfillmentinhiscraft(手艺)andreturningtohislovingfamily...Themomentmovedmetotears.Leavingtheworkshop,rainblendingwithtears,Irealizedhoweasilylife’spoetrycouldpassunnoticed.HomeagaininMontreal,Istopsimplypursuingbetterthings,betterexperiencesandbetterpeoplethatarenevergrasped.Irealizetherealjourneyisinward—toappreciatelife’sordinarymagic.Thatsurebeatspettinganybabyelephant.Imaynothavereturnedhome“transformed,”butI’llalwaysthinkofthewelderandhiscat.4．Whichaspectoftravellingmakestheauthorfeeluneasy?A．Shortageofadequatefunds. B．Disfortindietaryhabits.C．Overstatementoftravel’seffects. D．Dangerofpettingbabyanimals.5．WhatdrovetheauthortogotoAthens?A．Meetingamitment. B．Exploringauniquelandscape.C．Receivingfurthereducation. D．Escapingfromthecurrentlife.6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“poetry”inparagraph6probablyreferto?A．Poemswrittenbymasters. B．Peaceandsimplicity.C．Spiritofcraftsmanship. D．Specialsoundinthestreet.7．Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．FriendshipLastsForever B．TravellingShapesaBetterSelfC．PursuitofHappinessNeverStops D．TheOrdinaryMakesExtraordinary【答案】4．C5．A6．B7．D【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者对旅行的深刻反思，从最初对旅行改变人生的夸张说法感到厌倦，到在希腊雅典一次偶遇当地焊工的经历中，感悟到生活中平凡之美的诗意与满足，从而意识到真正的旅程是向内寻找，珍惜生活中的平凡奇迹。4．推理判断题。由文章第一段中“Travellingseemedlikefalsehoodtome.IgrewtiredofbackpackersexpressingtoomuchpraiseabouthowpettingababyelephantinThailand“transformed”them.(对我来说，旅行似乎是骗人的。我已经厌倦了背包客们对在泰国抚摸小象如何“改变”了他们的赞不绝口。)”可知，旅行影响的过度陈述让作者感到不安，觉得是骗人的。故选C。5．细节理解题。由文章第二段中“Oneday,Vasilis,myGreekbestfriend,remindedmeofourdecadeoldpromise:afterourfinalexams,IwouldvisithishometowninAthens.

Maybe,itwastimetomakegoodonthatpromise.(有一天，我最好的希腊朋友瓦西里斯让我想起了我们十年前的约定：期末考试结束后，我要去他的家乡雅典。也许，是时候兑现这个承诺了。)”可知，为了兑现履行承诺，作者去了雅典。故选A。6．词句猜测题。由文章倒数第二段“Asthemancontinuedwelding,Ifeltabitofenvy.Ienviedhispeaceandcontentment.Iadmiredthesimplicityheembodied.Iimaginedthewelderhappy,findingfulfillmentinhiscraft(手艺)andreturningtohislovingfamily...Themomentmovedmetotears.Leavingtheworkshop,rainblendingwithtears,Irealizedhoweasilylife’spoetrycouldpassunnoticed.(当那个人继续焊接时，我感到有点嫉妒。我羡慕他的平静和满足。我钦佩他所体现的纯朴。我想象着焊工快乐，在他的手艺中找到满足，回到他爱的家庭……那一刻我感动得流下了眼泪。离开车间，雨中夹杂着泪水，我意识到生活的诗意是多么容易被忽视。)”可知，这里的“诗意”并非指具体的诗歌，而是指前文描述的焊工那种平和、满足的生活状态，以及他对工艺的热爱和简单生活的美好。故选B。7．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章最后一段“HomeagaininMontreal,Istopsimplypursuingbetterthings,betterexperiencesandbetterpeoplethatarenevergrasped.Irealizetherealjourneyisinward—toappreciatelife’sordinarymagic.Thatsurebeatspettinganybabyelephant.Imaynothavereturnedhome“transformed,”butI’llalwaysthinkofthewelderandhiscat.(回到蒙特利尔的家，我不再简单地追求更好的事物、更好的经历和更好的人，而这些都是永远无法抓住的。我意识到真正的旅程是内在的——去欣赏生活平凡的魔力。这可比抚摸小象强多了。我回家时也许没有“变了”，但我总会想起那个焊工和他的猫。)”可知，文章通过作者的旅行经历，特别是雅典之行中与当地焊工的邂逅，让作者领悟到了平凡生活中的不平凡之美，改变了对旅行意义的看法，因此最合适的标题是选项D.“TheOrdinaryMakesExtraordinary平凡造就非凡”，它贴切地反映了作者的心路历程和文章的核心思想。故选D。C（2024·陕西榆林·一模）Robins(知更鸟)areconsideredasasymbolofthefestiveseasonandareknownfortheirlively,curiousnaturearoundhumans.Butevenrobinsgetroadragebecausetheycanbeeaggressivewhenthere’snoise,anewstudyshows.ResearchersfromtheUKfoundthatthesoundoftrafficmaderuralrobins—noturbanrobins—“moreaggressive”.ThestudywasconductedbyexpertsatAngliaRuskinUniversityinCambridge.Humanactivityhasacolossaleffectonwildlife,includingontheirsocialbehavior,”theteamsaidintheirpaper.Fortheirstudy,theteaminvestigatedthebehaviorofmaleEuropeanrobinslivinginurbanparksandruralforestsinIstanbul.Theymeasuredaggressiontowardsanotherrobinintruder,whichwasn’tarealrobinbutinsteadamodelintheshapeofanadultbird.Thefakerobinwasequippedwithaspeaker,throughwhichtheteamcouldplayaudio,andthenattachedtotreesattheparksandforests.Theaudioconsistedofrecordingsofrobinsongs,whileadditionaltrafficnoisewasaddedthroughanotherseparatespeakernearby.Afterrecordingthebirds’behaviorduringinteractionswiththefakeintruder,theyfoundtheurbanrobinstypicallydisplayedmorephysicalaggressionthanruralrobins.However,ruralrobinsbecamemoreaggressivewiththeadditionoftrafficnoise—possiblybecausethey’relessusedtotrafficnoisethanurbanbirds,whicharealreadylivinginnoisierhabitats.What’smore,physicaldisplaysofterritorialitycouldincreasebecausethetrafficnoiseinterfereswiththeirbirdsong.“Innormallyquietsurroundings,wefoundthatadditionaltrafficnoiseleadstoruralrobinsbeingmoreaggressive,”saidDrCaglarAkcayatARU.“Webelievethisisbecausethenoiseisinterferingwiththeirmunication.”Overall,byparingurbanandruralrobinreactions,thestudyprovidesavaluableglimpseintohowurbanlivingspeciesadaptto“lifeinanoisyworld”.“Ourresultsshowthathumanproducednoisecanhavearangeofeffectsonrobins,dependingonthehabitattheylivein,”saidDrAkcay.8．Whatcanwelearnabouttherobinsaccordingtothetext?A．Theylikelargerhabitats.B．Theycannotstandotherintruders.C．Theyprefervillagestourbanareas.D．Theycanremindpeopleofjoyousseasons.9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“colossal”inParagraph2probablymean?A．Positive. B．Mutual. C．Weak. D．Dramatic.10．Whydidtheruralrobinsbeemoreaggressivewhenfacingtrafficnoise?A．Itaffectedtheirmunication.B．Itseverelydamagedtheirhearing.C．Itpreventedthemfromfindingfood.D．Itmadeithardforthemtoreturntotheirhabitats.11．Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A．Topersuadepeopletoprotecttherobins.B．Toparethedifferencesbetweenrobins.C．Toshowmanmadenoise’seffectonrobins.D．Toprovethathumanandbirdsareconnected.【答案】8．D9．D10．A11．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人类的噪音会让知更鸟更具攻击性及其原因。8．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Robins(知更鸟)areconsideredasasymbolofthefestiveseasonandareknownfortheirlively,curiousnaturearoundhumans.(知更鸟被认为是欢乐季节的象征，并以其活泼、好奇的本性而闻名)”可知，知更鸟的出现提醒着人们欢乐季节的到来。故选D。9．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“ResearchersfromtheUKfoundthatthesoundoftrafficmaderuralrobins—noturbanrobins—“moreaggressive”.(来自英国的研究人员发现，交通声音使农村知更鸟——而不是城市知更鸟——“更具攻击性”)”可知，人类的活动对于动物有着巨大的影响。由此可知，划线词colossal与dramatic“巨大而突然的”意思接近。故选D。10．推理判断题。根据第四段““Innormallyquietsurroundings,wefoundthatadditionaltrafficnoiseleadstoruralrobinsbeingmoreaggressive,”saidDrCaglarAkcayatARU.“Webelievethisisbecausethenoiseisinterferingwiththeirmunication.”(“在通常安静的环境中，我们发现额外的交通噪音会导致农村知更鸟变得更具攻击性，”ARU的CaglarAkcay博士说。“我们认为，这是因为噪音干扰了他们的交流)”可知，农村的知更鸟变得更具攻击性是因为噪音干扰了他们的交流。故选A。11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Overall,byparingurbanandruralrobinreactions,thestudyprovidesavaluableglimpseintohowurbanlivingspeciesadaptto“lifeinanoisyworld”.“Ourresultsshowthathumanproducednoisecanhavearangeofeffectsonrobins,dependingonthehabitattheylivein,”saidDrAkcay.(总的来说，通过比较城市和农村知更鸟的反应，这项研究为城市生活的物种如何适应“嘈杂世界中的生活”提供了一个有价值的一瞥。“我们的研究结果表明，人类产生的噪音会对知更鸟产生一系列的影响，这取决于它们生活的栖息地，”Akcay博士说)”可推知，这篇文章的目的是展示人造噪音对知更鸟的影响。故选C。D（2024·湖北武汉·模拟预测）Latelastyear,inthedaysbeforetheDosakianelection,avideofeaturingawellknownjournalistandakeycandidatecirculatedonsocialnetworks.However,itwasabsolutelyfake(虚假的).TheInternationalPressInstitutehascalledthisepisodeinDosakiathefirsttimethatAIdeepfakes—fakeimages,orvideosgeneratedbyartificialintelligence—haveinfluencedanationalelectiongreatly.Securityexpertsconsidermisinformationthebiggestglobalriskrecently—moredangerousthanwar,andextremeweatherevents.Aconstantstreamofpeopleiswrestlingwiththisissue.Noweveneconomistsarejoiningin.EconomistIyanSmith,andothersconductarealworldexperimenttoseewhethersimple,lowcostnudges,orinterventions,canbeeffective.Insteadoffocusingonthesupplysideofmisinformationlikesocialmediaplatforms,theypayattentiontothedemandside:increasingourcapacitytoidentifythefakeinformation.Theeconomistssplitparticipantsrandomlyintofourdifferentgroups.Onegroupwasshownavideodemonstratingaconvincingjourneyoftwopeoplefromtwodifferentsocialgroupswho,beforeinteracting,expressnegativestereotypes(刻板印象)abouttheother’sgroup,overingtheirdifferencesandultimatelyregrettingunthinkinglyusingstereotypestodehumanizeoneanother.Anothergrouppletedapersonalitytestthatshowsthemtheircognitivetraits(认知特点)causingprejudice,hopingtoincreasetheirselfawareness,anddecreasetheirdemandformisinformation.Athirdgroupdidbothwhileacontrolgroupdidneither.Theeconomistsfindthesimpleinterventionofshowingthevideomakestheparticipantsover30percentlesslikelyto“considerfakenewsreliable”.Butthepersonalitytesthaslittleeffect.Asforparticipantsdoingboth,theywereabout31percentlesslikelytoviewtrueheadlinesasreliable.Inotherwords,theybecamesoskepticalthateventhetruthbecamesuspect.Smithandhiscolleaguesarefarfromthefirstscholarstofightmisinformationbyhelpingpeopletothinkmorecritically.UniversityofWeymouthpsychologistLisaKindlealsoadvocatessimilarwaystohelprejectmisinformationinthewild.12．Whatdoestheauthorintendtodointhefirsttwoparagraphs?A．HighlighttheriskofAIdeepfakes. B．Discusstheglobalthreatlandscape.C．DescribeDosakia’selectionoute. D．Introducetheconceptofmisinformation.13．Whatis“aneffectivenudge”inSmith’snewstudy?A．Thecognitivetrait. B．Theshortvideo.C．Thepersonalitytest. D．Thenegativestereotype.14．Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthestudy?A．Videosreducemisinformation. B．Deepfakesmaydiscredittruth.C．Misinformationcausesdehumanization. D．Personalitytestssharpenthinkingskills.15．Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A．BattlingFakeNews B．DeepfakesinElectionsC．TheSpreadofMisinformation D．ExpandingThinkingCapacity【答案】12．A13．B14．B15．A【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人工智能深度造假的现象，解释了相关实验开展的过程以及发现。12．推理判断题。根据第一段“Latelastyear,inthedaysbeforetheDosakianelection,avideofeaturingawellknownjournalistandakeycandidatecirculatedonsocialnetworks.However,itwasabsolutelyfake(虚假的).TheInternationalPressInstitutehascalledthisepisodeinDosakiathefirsttimethatAIdeepfakes—fakeimages,orvideosgeneratedbyartificialintelligence—haveinfluencedanationalelectiongreatly.(去年年底，在多萨奇选举的前几天，社交网络上流传着一段视频，视频中有一位知名记者和一位关键候选人。然而，这绝对是假的。国际新闻研究所称，Dosakia的这一事件是人工智能深度造假（由人工智能生成的虚假图像或视频）首次对全国大选产生巨大影响)”以及第二段“Securityexpertsconsidermisinformationthebiggestglobalriskrecently—moredangerousthanwar,andextremeweatherevents.Aconstantstreamofpeopleiswrestlingwiththisissue.Noweveneconomistsarejoiningin.(安全专家认为，错误信息是最近最大的全球风险——比战争和极端天气事件更危险。不断有许多人在努力解决这个问题。现在，就连经济学家也加入了进来)”可知，作者在前两段想强调人工智能深度造假的风险。故选A。13．细节理解题。根据第三段“EconomistIyanSmith,andothersconductarealworldexperimenttoseewhethersimple,lowcostnudges,orinterventions,canbeeffective.Insteadoffocusingonthesupplysideofmisinformationlikesocialmediaplatforms,theypayattentiontothedemandside:increasingourcapacitytoidentifythefakeinformation.(经济学家伊安·史密斯等人进行了一项现实世界的实验，看看简单、低成本的推动或干预是否有效。他们没有像社交媒体平台那样关注错误信息的供给方，而是关注需求方：提高我们识别虚假信息的能力)”可知，在史密斯的新研究中，短视频是“有效的推动”。故选B。14．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Asforparticipantsdoingboth,theywereabout31percentlesslikelytoviewtrueheadlinesasreliable.Inotherwords,theybecamesoskepticalthateventhetruthbecamesuspect.(对于两者都做的参与者来说，他们认为真实标题可靠的可能性要低31%。换句话说，他们变得如此怀疑，甚至真相也变得可疑)”可知，深度造假可能会使真相不受信任。故选B。15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Latelastyear,inthedaysbeforetheDosakianelection,avideofeaturingawellknownjournalistandakeycandidatecirculatedonsocialnetworks.However,itwasabsolutelyfake(虚假的).TheInternationalPressInstitutehascalledthisepisodeinDosakiathefirsttimethatAIdeepfakes—fakeimages,orvideosgeneratedbyartificialintelligence—haveinfluencedanationalelectiongreatly.(去年年底，在多萨奇选举的前几天，社交网络上流传着一段视频，视频中有一位知名记者和一位关键候选人。然而，这绝对是假的。国际新闻研究所称，Dosakia的这一事件是人工智能深度造假（由人工智能生成的虚假图像或视频）首次对全国大选产生巨大影响)”结合文章主要说明了人工智能深度造假的现象，解释了相关实验开展的过程以及发现。可知，A选项“打击假新闻”最符合文章标题。故选A。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。（2024·江西南昌·三模）Inordertogrowandbebetterthanbefore,youmustlearntobeemotionallyintelligent.Herearesomestrategiestohelpyoubeeemotionallymature!Youcannotchangeothers.Everyoneelseisentitledtotheirownbeliefsandopinions.Itispletelynormal.Keepingthatinmind,itisbetterifyouunderstandthatyoucannotchangeothers,nomatterhowhardyoutry.Evenifyoutrychangingothersandtheirfeelings,youwillonlybehurtingyourselfintheprocess.16Peopleinteractwithuslikewearemindreaderssometimes.17Thiscanbeextremelypainful.Youneedtomunicateyourneedstotheotherperson,andtheyneedtodothesamewithyou.Neverrelyonexpectations,whichwillonlymakeyoufeeldisappointed.Shareyourneedswithyourlovedonesandseethepositivechanges.Somunicateyourneeds.Itisnecessarytotakeresponsibilityforyouractions.Justlikeyourwords,youneedtotakefullresponsibilityforyouractions.Manypeoplemakesillyexcusesanddon’ttakeresponsibilityfortheiractions.Thatiswheretheyhurtothersandthemselves.18Itwon’tbringyourselfrespectdown,anditwillactuallyraiseyouasaperson.19Soitiswisetoavoidnegativepeople.Ifyouaresurroundedbynegativepeoplethatonlybringothersdown,thenyouwillalwaysfeelunfortable.Ifyouaresurroundedbyhappypeople,youwillalwaysbedelighted.Keepawayfrompeoplewhoemotionallycontrolothers.20Inordertobeemotionallyintelligent,youmusthaveasupportingpartnerbyyourside.A．Youneedtomindwhateveryoudo.B．Youareknownbythepanyyoukeep.C．Justasyoutrytobeamindreader,othersexpectso.D．Thebestcourseofactionwouldbetochangeyourself.E．Wheneveryoufeelsomethinglikethat,cuttieswiththem.F．Yourpartnerwouldwantyoutoknowexactlywhattheywant.G．Ifyoumakeamistakeandaffectothersnegatively,apologizeimmediately.【答案】16．D17．F18．G19．B20．E【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些可以帮助提高情商并在情感上变得成熟的策略。16．根据本段主题句“Youcannotchangeothers.(你不能改变其他人。)”可知，本段主张不能企图改变别人，因为每个人都有权拥有自己的信仰和观点，试图改变别人的过程中有可能会伤害到自己，因此最好的做法是改变自己。D项：Thebestcourseofactionwouldbetochangeyourself.(最好的做法是改变自己。)符合语境。故选D。17．根据上文“Peopleinteractwithuslikewearemindreaderssometimes.(有时候人们和我们的互动就像我们会读心术一样。)”及下文“Thiscanbeextremelypainful.(这有时候是非常痛苦的。)”可知，人与人之间互动时总有人期待对方能有读心术，但是这是非常痛苦的；空处应承接上文，对上文作进一步阐述，即你的伙伴想让你确切地知道他们想要什么。F项：Yourpartnerwouldwantyoutoknowexactlywhattheywant.(你的伴侣想让你确切地知道他们想要什么。)符合语境。故选F。18．根据本段主题句“Itisnecessarytotakeresponsibilityforyouractions.(对你的行为负责是必要的。)”可知，本段主张要对自己的行为负责。上文“Manypeoplemakesillyexcusesanddon’ttakeresponsibilityfortheiractions.Thatiswheretheyhurtothersandthemselves.(许多人会找一些愚蠢的借口，不为自己的行为负责。这就是他们伤害别人和自己的地方。)”提到不负责的行为害人害己，下文“Itwon’tbringyourselfrespectdown,anditwillactuallyraiseyouasaperson.(它不会降低你的自尊，反而会提升你的人格。)”中的“it”指代对自己行为负责的正确做法，即如果你给别人带来负面影响，立即道歉。G项：Ifyoumakeamistakeandaffectothersnegatively,apologizeimmediately.(如果你犯了错误，给别人带来了负面影响，立即道歉。)符合语境。故选G。19．根据下文“Soitiswisetoavoidnegativepeople.Ifyouaresurroundedbynegativepeople...Ifyouaresurroundedbyhappypeople,youwillalwaysbedelighted.”(所以避开消极的人是明智的。如果你周围都是消极的人，只会让别人失望，那么你会一直感到不舒服。如果你周围都是快乐的人，你就会永远快乐。)”可知，本段强调周围同伴的重要性及其影响，即观其友，知其人。B项：Youareknownbythepanyyoukeep.(你所结交的人都知道你。)符合语境。故选B。20．根据上文“Keepawayfrompeoplewhoemotionallycontrolothers.(远离那些在情感上控制别人的人。)可知，空处应承接上文，进一步说明要远离那些在情感上控制别人的人。E项可以承接上文，表示要立刻与在情感上控制自己的人切断关系。E项：Wheneveryoufeelsomethinglikethat,cuttieswiththem.(每当你有这样的感觉，就和他们断绝关系。)符合语境。故选E。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。（2024·广东深圳·三模）ItwasasunnySundayafternoon.MyhusbandwastakingcareofourbabygirlsothatmysixyearoldsonandIcoulddosomeyardwork,justthetwoofus.Itwassuretobe21.Butsoon,thecloudsofmosquitosseemed22toourbugspray(喷雾).Iwassweating,itchy,andarguingwithmysonabouthowtopullweeds.Ihadtoldhimthe“right”way—gettingthoseweedsoutfromthebottom,bytheroots,23thementirely.However,mysonwentaboutthingsinhisownway.Hepulledthe24oftheweedsoff,movingquicklydownthelineashelefttheremainingpartstillinthesoil.Somehow,Ifoundthistobeincredibly25.Whycouldn’thedoitinmywayandsavemethetimeofhavingto26hisportion(部分)?Whydidhedoitatallifhewasn’tgoingtodoitproperly?“Ifyoudoastold,we’dbedoneearlierand27alongerperiodbeforewewouldhavetoreturnandpullweedsnexttime,”Isaid,tryingtokeepmytone28.Hewentbacktohiswork,shakingdirtfromhishandfulofgrowingthingsandthrowing29stemsintooursharedbasket.“Peopledothings30,Mom,”hesaidinnocently.Myfiresoonfaded,replacedbythe31realizationthatI’djustreceivedavaluable32fromthepersonthatIwassupposedtobeteaching.Whiletryingto33mybabygirl,mykindergartener,andtheyardwork,34wasalifelineforme.Butmywaywas,perhaps,notthebestwayafterall.Histimeshouldn’tbe35.Hisjobwastobeakidandtakehistime,foraslongashewasable.21．A．relaxing B．disturbing C．urgent D．tough22．A．sensitive B．resistant C．harmful D．addicted23．A．removing B．packing C．covering D．preserving24．A．roots B．fibres C．tops D．points25．A．amazing B．boring C．annoying D．confusing26．A．recycle B．redo C．identify D．ignore27．A．clarified B．launched C．repeated D．promised28．A．nervous B．mysterious C．light D．loud29．A．long B．broken C．dry D．useful30．A．differently B．separately C．hurriedly D．honestly31．A．satisfying B．corresponding C．depressing D．humbling32．A．behavior B．warning C．reminder D．review33．A．raise B．land C．teach D．balance34．A．efficiency B．concentration C．discipline D．quality35．A．runoutof B．setlimitsto C．madeupfor D．keptpacewith【答案】21．A22．B23．A24．C25．C26．B27．D28．C29．B30．A31．D32．C33．D34．A35．B【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者和儿子在院子里除草时的一段经历，儿子的一句提醒使得作者意识到每一个人做事的方式不同，自己的做事方式不一定是最好的。21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这肯定会让人放松。A.relaxing令人放松的；B.disturbing令人不安的；C.urgent紧急的；D.tough艰难的。根据上文中的“MyhusbandwastakingcareofourbabygirlsothatmysixyearoldsonandIcoulddosomeyardwork,justthetwoofus.”可知，丈夫照顾着小女儿，只有六岁的儿子与作者一起在院子了工作，所以作者一开始认为，两人干活是“令人放松的”。故选A项。22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但很快，成群的蚊子似乎对我们的杀虫剂产生了抗药性。A.sensitive敏感的；B.resistant有抵抗力的；C.harmful有害的；D.addicted沉迷的。根据上文中的“Butsoon,thecloudsofmosquitos”可知，蚊子成群出现说明对杀虫剂有抗药性了，所以此处应为“有抵抗力的”符合语境。故选B项。23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我告诉过他“正确”的方法——把那些杂草从底部连根拔起，把它们全部清除。A.removing清除；B.packing收拾；C.covering覆盖；D.preserving保护。根据上文中的“Ihadtoldhimthe“right”way—gettingthoseweedsoutfromthebottom,bytheroots”可知，作者教给儿子把那些杂草从底部连根拔起，由此可知，此处指的是“清除”符合语境。故选A项。24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他拔掉了杂草的顶端，沿着一排快速前进，剩下的部分仍然留在土壤里。A.roots根；B.fibres纤维；C.tops顶端；D.points点。根据下文中的“ashelefttheremainingpartstillinthesoil.”可知，剩下的部分在土壤里，说明只拔掉了草长出来的“顶端”部分。故选C项。25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不知何故，我发现这非常令人讨厌。A.amazing惊人的；B.boring无聊的；C.annoying令人讨厌的；D.confusing令人困惑的。根据下文中的“Whycouldn’thedoitinmywayandsavemethetimeofhavingto___6___hisportion(部分)?”可知，作者疑问为什么不能按照她的方式去做，由此可推断，作者讨厌这种做法，所以此处应为“令人讨厌的”符合语境。故选C项。26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为什么他不能按我的方式来做，这样我就不用重做他的那部分了？A.recycle回收利用；B.redo重做；C.identify识别；D.ignore忽视。根据上文中的“Hepulledthe___4___oftheweedsoff,movingquicklydownthelineashelefttheremainingpartstillinthesoil.”可知，儿子没有把草清理干净，所以作者不得不“重做”符合语境。故选B项。27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“如果你照我说的做，我们就能早点完工，而且保证在下次我们回来除草之前有更长的一段时间，”我说，尽量让自己的语气轻松一些。A.clarified澄清；B.launched启动；C.repeated重复；D.promised承诺，保证。根据常识和下文中的“alongerperiodbeforewewouldhavetoreturnandpullweedsnexttime”可知，把草连根拔起，这样就可以保证草一段时间长不出来，也就是作者向儿子说明，按照她的做法可以“保证”在下次我们回来除草之前，她们可以有更长的时间。故选D项。28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“如果你照我说的做，我们就能早点完工，而且保证在下次我们回来除草之前有更长的一段时间，”我说，尽量让自己的语气轻柔一些。A.nervous紧张的；B.mysterious神秘的；C.light轻柔的；D.loud大声的。根据语境和上文中的“Isaid,tryingtokeepmytone”以及上文作者说的话可知，作者为了不伤害儿子的积极性，尽量语气“轻柔”。故选C项。29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他继续干他的活，抖了抖他那一把正在生长的东西上的泥土，把折断的茎扔进我们共用的篮子里。A.long长的；B.broken折断的；C.dry干的；D.useful有用的。根据上文中的“Hepulledthe

___4___

oftheweedsoff,movingquicklydownthelineashelefttheremainingpartstillinthesoil.”可知，他拔掉了杂草的顶端，沿着线快速移动，剩下的部分仍然留在土壤里，所以此处指的是他把“折断的”茎扔进共用的篮子里。故选B项。30．考查副词词义辨析。句意：“人们做事的方式不同，妈妈。”他无辜地说。A.differently不同地；B.separately单独地；C.hurriedly匆忙地；D.honestly诚实地。根据下文中的“hesaidinnocently.”以及“Butmywaywas,perhaps,notthebestwayafterall.”可知，儿子很无辜地跟作者说话，作者意识到自己的方式未必是最好的，由此可知，儿子说的是每个人做事的方式是“不同的”符合语境。故选A项。31．查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的怒火很快就消退了，取而代之的是一种谦卑的意识：我刚刚从我应该教的人那里收到了一个有价值的提醒。A.satisfying令人满意的；B.corresponding相应的；C.depressing令人沮丧的；D.humbling谦卑的。根据下文中的“thatI’djustreceivedavaluable___12___fromthepersonthatIwassupposedtobeteaching.”可知，作者从儿子那里学到了人生道理，所以是“谦卑的”意识到。故选D项。32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的怒火很快就消退了，取而代之的是一种谦卑的意识：我刚刚从我应该教的人那里收到了一个有价值的提醒。A.behavior行为；B.warning警告；C.reminder提醒物；D.review复习。根据上文中的““Peopledothings___10___,Mom,”hesaidinnocently.”以及“Myfiresoonfaded,replacedbythe___11___

realization”可知，此处指儿子的话让作者意识到了一件事情，所以此处应为作者收到了一条有价值的“提醒”符合语境。故选C项。33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我试图平衡我的小女儿、我的幼儿园孩子和院子里的工作时，效率对我来说是一条生命线。A.raise筹集；B.land着陆；C.teach教；D.balance平衡。根据下文中的“mybabygirl,mykindergartener,andtheyardwork,____14____wasalifelineforme.”可知，这是作者的生命线，所以此处指的是作者试图在女儿，幼儿园和院子里的工作之间保持一种“平衡”符合语境。故选D项。34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我试图平衡我的小女儿、我的幼儿园孩子和院子里的工作时，效率对我来说是一条生命线。A.efficiency效率；B.concentration集中；C.discipline纪律；D.quality质量。根据上文中的“Ifyoudoastold,we’dbedoneearlierand

___7___

alongerperiodbeforewewouldhavetoreturnandpullweedsnexttime”可知，作者认为拔草连根除掉，这样就可以很长时间后再回来除草，由此可知，作者看重的是除草的“效率”符合语境。故选A项。35．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他的时间不应该被限制。A.runoutof用完；B.setlimitsto限制；C.madeupfor弥补；D.keptpacewith跟上。根据下文中的“Hisjobwastobeakidandtakehistime,foraslongashewasable.”可知，儿子的工作就是做个孩子，在力所能