高中英语北师大版必修一UNIT 1 培优提能限时练(一)

培优提能限时练(一)(限时：40分钟满分：50分)Ⅰ.阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ATheUK’sBestCycling(骑车)HolidaysCyclingholidaysintheUKareoneofthebestthingsyoucandowithfriendsorasafamily.Wehaveresearchedthebestroutes(路线)fortheperfectcyclingholidayonTripAdvisor.CamelTrailThis27.8kmrouteisnotonlyflat，butishometosomebreathtakingviewsofthecoastandcampingsites.WiththehighestnumberofexcellentreviewsonTripAdvisorand96%trafficfree，we’recertainyou’llhaveagreattime.Itfollowsalongsidesandybeachesandvillagesmeaningthere’slotstodiscover，justcheckoutthe33,000Instagramposts!TissingtonTrailOnehundredpercenttrafficfree，theTissingtonTrailis21.3kmlong，makingitasafeandsimpletrip.Itfollowsarailwaylinewitholdstationplatforms.Onlya25-minutedrivetoAltonTowersforabitofaddedfun，thisholidayispackedwithplentytodo.There’realsoover300excellentTripAdvisorreviews，provingitspopularitywithUKtourists.Marriott’sWayTheMarriott’sWayisanotherlong-distancecycle.PerfectforcyclingthroughNorfolk’swoodlands，italsopassesthroughbeautifulsmalltownsandvillages.TheMarriott’sWayhasthesteepest(最陡峭的)cyclingtrailoutofthefourcyclingholidays，somaybebestforthoseridingfans.LaganTowpathToexploreNorthernIreland’sbeauty，thispathtakesyoualongtheriverandcanalsystem.Itisthesecondtrailonthislistthatis100%trafficfree，soyou’llonlymeetothercyclistsandwalkers，makingitoneofthesafestroutes.SpendadayortwoincapitalBelfastbeforestartingthe21.5kmbikeride.eq\x(语篇解读这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了英国骑行假期最好的几条骑行路线。)1．Whichofthefollowingisthemostpopular?A．CamelTrail. B．TissingtonTrail.C．Marriott’sWay. D．LaganTowpath.答案A解析细节理解题。由CamelTrail部分中的第二句可知，CamelTrail在TripAdvisor上拥有最高的优秀评论数量，所以CamelTrail最受欢迎。故选A。2．WhatisspecialaboutMarriott’sWay?A．Itisalongcyclingtrail.B．Itisthemostchallenging.C．Itattractsridersforcamping.D．Itgoesthroughvillages.答案B解析细节理解题。由Marriott’sWay部分中的最后一句可知，Marriott’sWay是四个骑行路线中最陡峭的。因此，Marriott’sWay的特别之处在于它是最具挑战性的。故选B。3．WhatdoTissingtonTrailandLaganTowpathhaveincommon?A．Theyrunalongtherivers.B．Therearenocars.C．Theyarenearthecapital.D．Therearehistoricalsights.答案B解析细节理解题。由TissingtonTrail部分中的第一句和LaganTowpath部分中的第二句可知，TissingtonTrail和LaganTowpath的共同点在于它们都是百分之百无车辆交通的，所以不存在汽车。故选B。BToday，westudyliterature(文学)fromayoungage—learningaboutourhistories，worldandinfluentialpeople.Whetherwenoticeornot，thesestoriesguideusthroughoutourlives.Theyallowustoseetheworldthroughanother’seyes，openupourworldandteachusabouteverysubjectknowntoman.Althoughtheyareimportant，manypeoplethrowouttheiroldbooks—layingwastethewisdomthatliesoneachpage.Trytosavethisknowledgeandshareitwithpeople，agarbageman(清洁工)inBogota，Colombia，hasbeensavingthrown-awaybooksfor20yearsandsharingthemwiththoseinneed.“Ihatedtoseeallthebooksinthedustbinsofwealthierneighborhoods.SoIstartedtorescuethem，”saidGutierrez.ThefirstbookhefoundwasacopyoftheclassicnovelAnnaKareninawrittenbyLeoTolstoy(托尔斯泰)．TheTolstoybookwaslaterjoinedbyTheLittlePrince，Sophie’sWorld，TheIliadandanumberofnovels.Today，hehascollectedaround25,000books.Hisgrowingcollectiondidn’tgounnoticed.Gutierrez’sneighborsweresoonborrowingthebookstohelpwiththeirchildren’shomework.“Therewasalackoftheminourneighborhood，sowestartedtohelp，”saidGutierrez.ThegroundfloorofGutierrez’shomeisnowfilledwithbooks，fromfloortoceiling.Heopeneditupasafreelibrary，withthehelpofhiswifeLuzGutierrezandtheirthreechildren.WordfinallyspreadaroundaboutGutierrezandhisbooks.Mostofthebooksnowcomefromdonations(捐赠)．Henowtravelsaroundthecountrydeliveringfreebookstopoorandremoteareas.Thelibrarynamed“TheStrengthofWords”，hasdonatedbookstosome235schools，institutionsandcommunitylibrariesacrossColombia.语篇解读这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在过去20年里，清洁工Gutierrez收集别人丢弃的书籍达几万册，经整理后在自家设置图书馆，以造福邻里和穷人的故事。4．Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopicofthetext?A．Bygivingsomenumbers.B．Bywritingadiary.C．Bydescribingthenature.D．Bystatingsomefacts.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第一段前三句可知，作者首先陈述了有关文学图书对人类的重要性的一些事实，从而引出了Gutierrez从垃圾中收集旧书籍筹建图书馆的故事。故选D。5．WhatdidtheTolstoybookmeantoGutierrez?A．Aheavyboxofbooks.B．Hewrotethebookbyhimself.C．Arealfriendindifficulttimes.D．Thebeginningofhiskindness.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第二段中第三句可知，托尔斯泰的《安娜·卡列尼娜》一书是Gutierrez收集到的第一本文学书籍，是他的免费图书馆的起点，即善意的起点。故选D。6．WhichsayingdoesGutierrez’sstoryleadustobelieve?A．Oneman’sgarbageisanotherman’swealth.B．Abadbeginningmakesabadending.C．Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.D．Practicemakesperfect.答案A解析推理判断题。通读文章可知，本文主要讲述清洁工Gutierrez收集别人丢弃的书籍，整理后在自家设置图书馆，以造福邻里和穷人的故事。别人扔掉的旧书在Gutierrez那里却成了宝贝。所以Gutierrez的故事让我们相信“一个人的垃圾可能是另一个人的宝贝”。故选A。7．What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A．TolstoyBooksRecoveredfromDustbinsB．GarbageManBuildsaLibraryfromRescuedBooksC．FreeLibrariesPopularwithNeighborhoodKidsD．LiteratureNowAttractsGarbageCollectors答案B解析标题归纳题。根据第一段最后一句以及后续内容可知，本文主要讲述清洁工Gutierrez收集旧书籍，为孩子们筹建免费图书馆的故事，B项“清洁工用营救出来的书建造一座图书馆”最能体现此意。故选B。CMargaretisafamousclimateactivist(气候活动家)．Whenshewasthirty-twoyearsold，shecreatedanEgyptiancharity(慈善)organizationcalledtheGreenGenerationInitiative(倡议)，whichhasbeenplantingtreesandcounteringtheactsofcuttingdowntheforestsatwillandclimatechangeintheNorthAfricannationsince2013.GGI’sprimaryfocusisondevelopingyoungclimateactiviststhroughenvironmentaleducationinschoolsandaddressingfoodunsafetyintheareathroughplantingfruittrees.Over120,000treeshavebeenplantedinEgyptsinceGGI’sstartandtheyhaverecordedasurvivalrateofover90percent，whilethousandsofschoolchildrenhavechosentoplanttreestomakesurethattheylearntheimportanceofactingasaguardianoverthehealthoftheenvironment.SpeakingtoworldleadersattheUnitedNationsClimateChangeConferenceinGlasgow，Margaretissuedawarningontheharmofclimatechange，“Over1millionofmyfellowEgyptiansarefacingclimaterelatedhunger.In2024，halfoftheworld’spopulationwillbeshortofwater.By2030，theclimateproblemwillmakeabout50millionpeopleinSub-SaharanAfricahomeless.”Margaretadded，“IhavebeendoingwhatIcan.Iwasinspired(激励)bythegreatMaathai，whocalledonthousandsofwomenandmentoplanttensofmillionsoftreesthroughoutKenya.Herapproachwasusefulanddeeplyecological(生态的)．ShewasthefirstAfricanwomantowintheNobelPeacePrize.IstartedatreegrowinginitiativethatraisedtheawarenessoffoodsafetyforyoungEgyptians.Sofar，wehavegrown30,000fruittrees，providingbadlyneededfoodforthousandsofchildren.WearetheadultsontheEarthrightnow，anditisourdutytoensurethatthechildrenhavefoodandwater.”语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了著名气候活动家玛格丽特创建了一个名为“绿色一代倡议”的慈善组织。8．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“countering”inparagraph1mean?A．Tryingout. B．Worryingabout.C．Passingon. D．Fightingagainst.答案D解析词义猜测题。根据画线词前半句可知，32岁时，玛格丽特创建了一个名为“绿色一代倡议”的埃及慈善组织，该组织一直在植树造林，由此推知，该组织反对随意砍伐森林的行为。所以countering为“反对”之意。故选D。9．WhatisapurposeoftheGreenGenerationInitiative?A．Toplantusefulfruittreesatschool.B．Toincreasethelivingrateoftrees.C．TodealwithfoodunsafetyinEgypt.D．Toraiseenoughmoneyforacharity.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，GGI的主要关注点是通过学校的环境教育培养年轻的气候活动家，并通过种植果树解决该地区的食品不安全问题。因此，“绿色一代倡议”的目的包括解决埃及的食品不安全问题。故选C。10．Whatdothenumbersinparagraph4illustrate?A．Thegreatwasteofwaterresources.B．Theseriouseffectofclimatechange.C．Thebadresultsofpeople’sgoinghungry.D．Therapidgrowthoftheworldpopulation.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第四段的第一句可知，在格拉斯哥举行的联合国气候变化会议上，玛格丽特对世界各国领导人发出了气候变化危害的警告。因此可推断，本段中的数字说明了气候变化的严重影响。故选B。11．WhatdoesMargaretsuggestinthelastparagraph?A．WorkingfortheNobelPrize.B．ExpressingthankstoMaathai.C．Beingresponsibleforthefuture.D．Makingmorechildreneducated.答案C解析推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后一句可推知，玛格丽特在最后一段中提出了对未来负责的建议。故选C。DDoyousometimespaynoattentiontoyourmomwhilechattingwithfriends？Ifyou’reateen，that’sfairlycommon.Andnewresearchmayexplainwhysomanyadolescents(青少年)stoplisteningtotheirmoms’voices.Theresearchersstudiedthebrainsof7-to16-year-oldkidsastheylistenedtothingssaidbytheirmothersorbyunfamiliarwomen.Asthekidslistened，certainpartsoftheirbrainsbecameactive.Thiswasespeciallytrueinbrainregions(区域)thathelpustopayattention.DanielAbrams，ascientist，andhisco-workersalreadyknewthatyoungerkids’brainsrespond(反应)morestronglytotheirmoms’voicesthantostrangers’．“Inadolescence，weshowtheexactoppositeofthat，”Abramssays.Forteens，thesebrainregionsrespondmoretounfamiliarvoicesthantotheirmoms’．“Asateen，youdon’tknowyou’redoingthis.You’rejustbeingyou:You’vegotyournewfriendsandyouwanttospendtimewiththem.Youpaymoreattentiontotheseneworunfamiliarvoices，”Abramsadds.Theseareasintheadolescentbraindon’tstoprespondingtoMom.It’sjustthatunfamiliarvoicesbecomemoreattractiveandthenareworthyofattention.Askidsgrowup，theyhavemoresocialconnectionsbeyondtheirfamily.Sotheirbrainsneedtobeginpayingmoreattentiontothatwiderworld.“That’sexactlywhatitshouldbelike，”Abramssays.Thebrainseemstogetusedtonewneedsthatcomewithadolescence.“Aswegrowup，ourlivingdependslessandlessonourmother’ssupport，”saysLeslieSeltzer，ascientist.“Instead，wedependmoreandmoreonourfriendsandothersatthesameageasus.”Sowhilebothteensandtheirparentsmaysometimesfeelsadaboutmissedmessages，that’sokay.Thisishowtheadolescentbrainworks，andthere’sagoodreasonforit.语篇解读这是一篇说明文。研究表明，青少年有时会忽略妈妈的声音话语，是因为在这个阶段，他们需要探索更广泛的世界，大脑的注意力也会更关注不熟悉的声音。12．Whatdoestheresearchfocuson?A．Theadolescents’braindevelopment.B．Theteens’responsetotheirmothers’voices.C．Therelationshipbetweenkidsandtheirmothers.D．Theinfluenceofmothersontheirkids’characters.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，新的研究或许可以解释为什么这么多青少年不再听妈妈的声音。因此可知，这项新研究关注的是青少年对妈妈的声音的回应。故选B。13．WhatdoAbrams’swordsinparagraph3suggest?A．Teens’mindtendstobeattractedtounfamiliarvoices.B．Teens’brainactivityisdecidedbytheirages.C．Teensusuallyhaveabadrelationshipwiththeirparents.D．Teenssometimeshavedifficultyfocusingtheirattention.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第三段第三句和最后一句可知，Abrams的话表明青少年往往被不熟悉的声音吸引。故选A。14．Whichofthefollowingcanexplainthefeature(特点)oftheadolescentbrain?A．Teens’greatpressureofstudy.B．Teens’wishtoliveadifferentlife.C．Teens’increasingfocusonnewthings.D．Teens’discomfortoftalkingwiththeirparents.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第四段的最后两句可知，青少年的大脑需要开始更多地关注更广阔的世界，这正是它应该有的样子。因此，导致青少年大脑这种特征的原因是他们越来越关注新鲜的事物。故选C。15．Whatistheauthor’sopiniononteens’changesinattention?A．Itisconfusing.B．Itisunderstandable.C．Itleadstofailureinlaterlife.D．Itcanincreasetheirbrainactivity.答案B解析观点态度题。根据最后一段最后一句“Thisishowtheadolescentbrainworks，andthere’sagoodreasonforit.”可知，对于青少年出现注意力改变，容易忽略妈妈的声音这一现象，作者认为是合乎情理的，可以理解。故选B。Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。HowtoChooseYourHighSchoolSubjectsWiselyPreparingtoenteranewgradeandchoosingthesubjectsthat’llseeyouthroughgraduationcanbefrightening，butthisisthefirststeptoyourfutureandyoushouldmovenearitwisely.Choosingtherightsubjectswillgiveyouachanceatsuccessinseniorhighschoolandbeyond.1.DoyourresearchThefirststepislookingatwhichcareer(职业)pathyou’dliketoenterinto.Fromthere，youcancheckoutthewebsitesofhighereducationorganizationstofindouttheirrequirementsforthatcourse.2.Ifyou’renotsureaboutthefuture，youshouldchoosesubjectcombinations(组合)that’llleaveyouwiththebestchoices.Decideyourinterests3.Researchhowyourfavouritesubjectsshowclearlyintheworkingworld.Someofyoubecomeandcontinuetobesuccessfulinthedifferentspaces(eg.creativespaces)，sodon’tbepressuredintochoosingsubjectsyoudon’tenjoy—thosewon’tbenefityourlong-termcareergoals.4Agoodideaistolookatsubjectsthatyou