浅析中西方饮食文化差异及其由来 定稿

福州大学本科生毕业论文PAGE18PAGE13ContentsTOC\o"1-3"\h\uChineseAbstract 2EnglishAbstract 31.Introduction 32.LiteratureReview 53.DifferencesBetweenChineseandWesternFoodCulture 63.1DifferenceinFocusBetweenChineseandtheWestern 63.2DifferencesinFoodStructureBetweenChineseandtheWestern 73.3DifferencesinFoodProcessingFormsBetweenChineseandtheWestern 73.4DifferencesinDiningBehaviorsBetweenChineseandtheWestern 83.5Summary 84.TheReasonofChineseandWesternFoodCultureDifference 85.1AgricultureStructure 95.2ReligiousBelief 95.3CulturesandValues 105.Conclusion 11References 13浅析中西方饮食文化的差异及其由来摘要随着中国近年来社会经济的不断发展，人们不再以满足温饱作为生活的主要追求，而是更多地追求饮食的多样化和差异性。人们的饮食行为变得更加丰富多彩。同时，随着全球化进程地推进，中西方的饮食文化不断地进行着交流和融合。本文通过列举中西方饮食文化在加工形式、饮食观念、饮食结构、饮食行为等方面的差异，从中西方天然的农业结构、宗教信仰、文化及价值观、历史地理等角度分析造成这些差异的原因。以期读者可以更好地明晰中西方饮食文化的差异及由来，可以更深入地了解中西方文化的差异。中西方文明不断向前迈进。它们有时是平行线，有时是相交线。而饮食作为生存最基本的方式，必然是文明的载体。因此，充分认识饮食文化的差异性及其由来，是增强文明间相互认识的一个重要方式，或者说是打开中西方交流的重要窗口。关键词：饮食文化；差异性；原因AComparativeStudyoftheDifferencesBetweenChineseandwesternFoodCulturesandtheReasonsBehindAbstractWith

the

continuous

social

development

of

China

in

recent

years,

people

are

no

longersatisfied

with

food

and

clothing

as

the

main

pursuit

of

life,but

more

to

pursue

the

diversityofdiet.

People’s

eating

behavior

has

become

more

colorful.

At

the

same

time,

with

theadvancementof

globalization,

the

Chinese

and

western

food

culture

are

constantlycommunicating

and

integrating

with

each

other.After

enumerating

the

differences

between

Chinese

and

western

food

cultures

in

processing

forms,

dietary

concepts,

dietary

structure

and

dietary

behaviors,

this

paper

analyzes

the

reasonsfor

these

differences

from

the

perspectives

of

natural

agricultural

structure,

religious

belief,culture

and

values,

and

historical

geography.

It’s

aimed

that

readers

can

better

understand

thedifferences

of

Chinese

and

western

food

culture

and

its

origin,

can

understand

the

differencesbetween

Chinese

and

western

culture

more

deeply.Chinese

and

western

civilizations

are

moving

forward.

In

this

process,

sometimes

they

areparallel

lines,

sometimes

they

are

intersecting

lines.

Diet,

as

the

most

basic

way

of

survival,

isinevitable

to

be

be

the

carrier

of

civilization.

Therefore,

a

better

understanding

of

the

differences

in

food

culture

and

its

origin

is

an

important

way

to

enhance

mutual

understanding

betweencivilizations,

or

to

open

an

important

window

of

communication

between

China

and

the

West.Keywords:foodculture;difference;reasonsIntroductionThedevelopmentoffoodculturehasexperiencedtwosteps,firstofall,peopleneedtomeettheneedsofthesurvivalinthisstage.Atthisstage,peoplehavetorunalldayforwaterandfoodbecauseoflowproductivity.Secondly,aftergettingfoodandwater,peoplewillproduceavarietyofactivitiesintheprocessofeatingfood(熊莹,2013).Forexample,whilepeoplemadeuseofrawmaterialandconsumedthefood,therehadalwaysbeenaseriesofculturalandphilosophyactivities.Inaword,foodcultureincludesthesumofalltheeatinganddrinkingbehaviors.Therearetwocategories:foodacquisitionandfoodconsumption.ThedietarycultureinthisarticlemainlyreferstothedietarycultureoftheChinesenationandthedietarycultureofWesterncountries,especiallycountriessuchasBritain,America,andFrance.“Foodculturereferstothematerialandspiritualwealthwhichcreatedandaccumulatedbytheprocessoffoodculturalproductionandaccumulation”(伽羽中,2018:149).FoodcultureisoneofthecarriersofChineseandwesternculture,whichhasrichculturalconnotationanddistinctnationalcharacteristics.Thefoodculturaldifferencescomefromthesenationalfeaturesdifferences.TherearealonghistoryofChineseFoodculture.AsamainpartofChinesepeople’slife,foodculturehasalwaysoccupiedanimportantposition.Atthesametime,foodculturehasalsoplayedanimportantroleinthewesternworld.Thedifferencesinpeople’sproductionandlifestylehavecausedhugedifferencesinEasternandWesternfoodculture.Inthedictionary,diethastwoconceptswhichare“liquidfoodsolidfood”and“eatanddrink”.Chinesefoodculturemeansthatduringthelong-termdevelopmentofChineseculture,Chinesepeopleaccumulatespiritualwealthandmaterialwealth.Itisthepracticeoftheproductionandconsumptionofdietaryproducts.Similarly,westernfoodcultureisthesumofthematerialandspiritualwealthwhichiscreatedandaccumulatedbywesternersintheprocessoflong-termproductionandconsumptionoffoodanddrink(王娜,2013).StudyingthedifferenceoffoodcultureanditsorigincanhelpreadersunderstandthedifferencesbetweenChineseandwesternfoodculture,andunderstandthereasonsforthesedifferences.KnowingthedifferenceoffoodcultureanditsoriginishelpfultodeepenthemutualunderstandingamongdifferentcivilizationsanditiseasiertocommunicatefluentlybetweenChinaandwesterncountries,anditisconducivetothespreadofChineseculturetotheworld.FoodcultureisanimportantcarriertoexpressChineseculture.“In2000,therewere30millionoverseasChinesepeopleandabout160,000Chineserestaurantsaroundtheworld,whichisdistributedinEurope,Australia,theUnitedStatesandothercountries.”(戴跃侬,陆涓,2012:77).Therefore,ChinesefoodcultureisanimportantwindowforforeignerstounderstandChina.ItisnonewsthatforeignersknowChinafromitscuisinesincelongtimeago.Forexample,theylearnedChinesefrontierofficialsinlateQingdynastyfromthecuisinewhichwerecalledZuoZongtang’schickenandchopsue.Foralongtime,though,Chinahasfewimpactontheworld,yetthespreadofChineserestaurantsandcuisineseemstohavetornapartathinveilbetweenChineseandwesterncivilizations.Civilizationsareconstantlyinteractingwitheachotherlikethis.LiteratureReviewLotsofscholarsareconcernedaboutdifferentfocuses,diningtools,dinningbehaviorsonfoodculture.Scholarswidelycarriedonresearchesaboutup-mentionedtopics.Forexample,in2019,RenChuangpointedoutthatChinesepeoplepaymoreattentiontotasteoffoodthannutrition.Chinesecuisineattractpeople’seyesbecauseofitsuniqueflavour.Inwesternfoodculture,peoplearemoreconcernedaboutthenutritionoffoodratherthanthecolor,aromaandtaste(任闯,2019).In2017,YuanZhiyingthinkstheuseofchopsticksismoresuitableforthecharacteristicsofChinesefood,whichisusuallymadeintosmallshapessuchascubes,andslices.Inthewesterncountries,theirwidelyuseofknifeandforkdependsonitsdietstructure.Themeatfoodisverytough,anditisnoteasytomakeitintoasmallshape(元志英,2017),theyneedtouseknifeandforktocutthemeatwheneating,andthestaplefoodisusuallyabigpieceofbread,peopleoftenhavetheirbreadwithhands.In2007,JiangYanindicatesthatmanywesternpeoplemaketheirlivingbyfishingandgathering,supplementedbyplants,becausetheylivewithfishing,huntingandgathering.Theyusuallyeatmeatandfish(蒋艳,2007).InChina,agricultureisparticularlydevelopedduetoitsuniquemonsoonclimateandfertilesoilbesidelargeriver.Therefore,therawmaterialsofChinesecuisineareplantsandfreshvegetables.Manylearnerstrytotakeagriculture,value,andreligiousfactorsintoconsiderationtounderstandthereasonsforfoodculturedifference.Thefirstfactorisconcernedaboutgeographyandagriculture,thefollowingarecultureandvalueelements.In,2013,YinYahuipointsoutthatChinesefoodhasbeendominatedbygrainssinceQindynasty.Thedietarycustomsofthewesternpeoplestemfromthenomadicandseafaringlife,whichhasbeenbasedonthefishingandhuntingsinceancienttimes,somostwesternersliketoeatmeat(伊亚辉,2013).In2017,ZhuFengbingpointedoutthattheChinesepeoplehavealwayslovedpeaceandvaluedpeace,therefore,peopleusuallyaroundandeattogether.Westernershasadventurousandenterprisingspiritwhicheventuallyformedtheirindependentnationalcharacter.Astheresult,westernpeopleimplementtheindividualserving(朱风兵,2017).In2013,WangNapointedoutthatmanyChineseBuddhismfollowerswhobelieveinthedoctrineof“nokilling”,somostofthemarevegetarian.Ontheotherhand,Christianityiswidelybelievedinwesterncountries.TheChristianitydoctrinedon’tforbidtheirpeopletoeatmeatexpectfasting(王娜,2013).Recently,therearemanystudiestalkingaboutthefooddifferencesbetweenChinaandwesterncountries.Mostofthemonlytalkaboutthedifferencesoffoodcultureorthereasonswithoutcombingtwofactstogether.Manyfactorsarefrequentlymentionedbymoststudies.Forexample,someofthemostbasicfactorsinthestudyofthereasonsofChinaandthewesternculturaldifferenceincludenature,geography,humanityandthebasicfactorsinthestudyoffoodculturedifferencesincludedietarybehavior,processforms,dietaryconceptandthestructureofdietary.However,fewofthemunifythesedifferencesandthecausesofthesedifferencesseriouslyandcarefully,whichmakespeoplefeelsomesenseoffragmentationduringtheprocessoflearningChinaandthewesterncountries’culturaldifferences.DifferencesBetweenChineseandWesternFoodCulture3.1DifferenceinFocusBetweenChineseandtheWesternTheprocessofmakingChinesecuisineisverycomplicatedbecauseofexcessivepursuitofdeliciousfood,Intheprocessofconstantlypursuing“gourmetfood”,Chinahasproducedmanystylesofcookingandsophisticatedcookingtechniques.However,itgraduallyoverlookedthebalancedbetweendietandnutrition.ThisshowsthattheChinesepeople’sperceptionoffoodismoreemotional(管一博,2011).Chinesepeoplealwaysregard“beauty”astheirpursuit,itisjustlikewhattheycalltheirfood“beautyfood”inChineseculture,thepursuitof“taste”isoftengreaterthanthepursuitof“nutrition”.Whenpeoplearetastingdishes,theyoftensaythatthisdishis“delicious”andthatdishis“notdelicious”.Therefore,Chinesepeoplealwaystrytomaketheircuisineperfectlytosatisfytheirobsessedpursuitofthecolor,fragrance,andtasteoffood.However,iftheywereaskedwhatis“tasty”andhow“tasty”itis,itisclearlythattheycan’tsurelyfigureoutwhatkindofflavourareshownontheirdishes.Therefore,theChinesearepursuinganunspeakableartisticconception.Thatistosay,itisstilldifficulttocoverallitsmeaningsbyusingthecolor,fragrance,taste,shape,andutensilsthatpeoplecommonlycall.Generallyspeaking,westernpeopleholdarationaldiet.Westernersparticularlycareabouthowmanycalories,vitamins,proteintheyneedtotakein.Westernerstendtoeatupthefoodontheirplatebecauseofitsnutrition.Modernwesternscientificcivilizationhasagreatinfluenceoneatingconventions.Westerndevelopedscienceadvocatestoanalyzetheproportionofvariouselementswhichwascontainedinfooddetailedly.Whenwesternersthinkaboutdiet,theyfirsttalkaboutnutritionandhowmuchenergythatcanproduce.Aslongasithasagoodeffectonthebody,othersideeffectswillnotbeenoughtobeconcerned.NutritionisthestartingpointandfocusofWesterners’treatmentoffood.Thisconceptiscompatiblewiththeentirewesternphilosophicalsystem.Therefore,reasonandscientificityarethemainfeatureofwesternphilosophy.Inotherwords,Westernerspayattentiontotheintrinsicvalueoffood,andtheydon’tcaretoomuchaboutthetastesandformsandcuisinestyle.3.2DifferencesinFoodStructureBetweenChineseandtheWesternChinahasvastlandandvastresources,anddiverseclimaticconditionswithalonghistory.SincetheQindynasty,theChinesehavebeenmainlyeatinggrainwithalittlemeat.Accordingtotheinvestigationofwesternbotanists,vegetableshavealwaysoccupiedanimportantpositionintheChinesediet.TodaytheChinalandhaveplantedmorethan600kindsofvegetables,whichissixtimesmorethanthatofWesterners.Besides,withthegrowingofpopularity,havingvegetablehasbecameaeconomicwayofliving,meatfoodcanonlybeseenonpowerfulfamilies’dinningtable(Kolesnykova,2012).Therefore,inChinesepeople’sdinningtable,variouskindsoffreshvegetablesarecommon.ThisisthereasonwhyChinesehavebeencalled“vegetarian”sinceancienttimes.Chinesepeopleprefertocookhotfoodthancoolfood,andthestaplefoodarealwayshot;theyalsothinkthatoncethedishesbecomecold,theylosetheiroriginalflavor,whichiswhattheyalwaysadvocate:“Onehotdishbetterthanthreefreshdishes”(王佳,2011).Westernershavelongbeenconsideredtobecarnivores.Mostofthemgetusedtoeatingmeatfood,includebeef,mutton,pork.Atthesametime,theylovecoldfood,andtherearealwayssaladsandcoldmealsonthetable.Inaddition,westernerstendtoeatrawvegetables,suchascucumbers,tomatoesandvegetables,becausetheybelievethatheatingdirectlydamagesthenutrientscontainedinvegetables.3.3DifferencesinFoodProcessingFormsBetweenChineseandtheWesternIntermsoffoodprocessingmethods,Chinesepeoplehavealwaysregardedcookingasanart,andhavecreatedmanycookingmethods,suchassteaming,cooking,braising,stewing,roasting,exploding,roasting,frying,mixing,braising(熊欣,2013).Also,thereareavarietyofinitialprocessingwaysofrawmaterialsmethodssuchasslices,blocks,sticks,dices,rolls,segments,end,andjuice.Theproducingstylesarealsodiversified.Atthesametime,iftheproductionmethodhasslightdifference,thefinalcuisineproductswillbetotallydifferent.Butwesternpeoplepayalmostalltheattentiontowhethertheingredientsofthefoodaresufficientfornutritionalstandards,andtheyshowlittlecareaboutthetype,styleandcraftwaysofthefood.Theentirecookingprocessismadeaccordingtothescientificstandards(ZhangShiyang,2018).Themainingredientandseasoningsarerequiredtobeveryaccuratetothegrams,thecookingtimeisrequiredtobeaccuratetoseconds,andtheinitialprocessingofrawmaterialsisonlyafewsimpleways,suchasslices,pieces.Astothewayofcooking,thereareonlyafewcuisinestyle,suchasfrying,roasting.Intermsoffood,whenwesternersintroducetheirownfoodcharacteristics,theywillemphasizethattheypaymoreattentiontoreasonablecollocationandhavedevelopedfoodindustry,suchascannedfood,fastfoodandsoon(袁林,2018).thiskindoffoodsavestimeandisnutritious,butthetasteisalwaysasdryasachip.3.4DifferencesinDiningBehaviorsBetweenChineseandtheWesternInChina,peopleoftenliketogettogethertocreatealivelyatmosphere.theyalwayspreparequantitiesofdisheswhichtastedelicious,theroundtablewillbechosenasthebanquettable.Chinesepeoplealwayssitatthetableandeatthefoodwhichispreparedonthesameplate,andwineisanimportantdrinktocreateabanquetatmosphere.Sometimesinordertoshowrespect,Chinesepeopleliketotoastandservedishestoeachother.Whenwesternerseat,theyfocusmoreonthemeal-sharingsystem.Theyliketoenjoyitaloneandquietlytoenjoythefoodthemselves.Atwesternbanquets,westernersgatheraroundalongtabletoeattheirownfood.Everyone’sfoodwasdistributedinadvance.Therearebeef,lamb,andporkdishespreparingbyhostandtheownerdoesnotdeliberatelyservedishesforguests(庞瑛,2011).Chinesepeopleliketousethetraditionaleightimmortalstableinthefamilybanquet.BecauseChinaisthenorthhemispherecountrywhichisrespectfornorth,theirhouseliesinnorthandfacesouth,theseatfacingthedoorcanseethenorthsky.Therefore,theseatfacingthedoorisupperseat,theimportantguestsoftensitsonthatseatwhilethetwosidesfortheinferiorpeople,thebackdoorforthelowgradeseat.Whiledinning,theelderlyandseniorpeoplesitatthetopofthetabletoshowtheirrespecttotheyoungmemberofthefamily.Westernersbelievethatrightsareequal.Theyoftensitaroundacommontable,withmenandwomenoneitherside.Menareaskedtopullthechairforthewomanontheirrighttoshowrespectforthewoman.3.5SummaryInaword,thedifferencebetweenChineseandwesternfoodcultureismanifestedinvariousaspects.Intermsofdietarystructure,vegetablesaremorelikelytobeseenonChinesepeople’srecipe;Westernersareusedtoeatingmeat.Intheaspectofdiet,Chinesepeoplearemoreemotionalaboutfood,whilewesternersaremorerationalaboutfood.Fromtheperspectiveoffoodprocessingforms,theChinesehavecreatedavarietyofdishesandcuisinemethodstomaketheirfoodwithbettertasteandaroma.Westernersgenerallyuseasimplerwaytohandlefoodmaterialtokeeptheirfoodwithoriginalflavourandnutrition.Asfortheangleofdinningbehavior,Chinesepeople’sperformanceatdinnerisquitedifferentfromwesterners.Chineseimplementsyssitiasystem,theygatheraroundandcreatealivelyatmosphere,whilewesternersaregettingusedtodinningwithaquietersituationwithindividualservingsystem.TheReasonofChineseandWesternFoodCultureDifference4.1AgricultureStructure Climateresourcesareoneofthemostimportantcomponentsofnaturalresources,whichprovidepeoplewithlight,heat,air,waterandotherenergyandmaterials.ThedifferencesinclimateresourcesbetweenChinaandthewesternworldleadtodifferentconditionsforagriculture,anddifferentcropsandlivestockandpoultry,sothecompositionoffoodstructurebetweenChinaandthewestisverydisparate.ChinaislocatedintheeasternpartoftheEurasiancontinentandthewesterncoastofthePacific.ThemonsoonclimateisusuallyseenandtherearefourdistinctiveseasonsinChina.Therefore,theplantationindustryoccupiesadominantpositionintheagriculturalstructure,andtheproportionofforestryandfishingindustriesisverysmall.WheatandcornismainlyplantedinthenorthofQinlin-Huaiheline,whilericeiswidelyplantedinthesouth(朱风兵,2014).Asaresult,Chinesepeople’sstaplefoodisriceandpasta.ThisagriculturalstructurehascultivatedChinesepeople’svegetariandietpreferences.TheeastandwestoftheUnitedStatesareclosetothesea,andthewarmandwetaircurrentsbringabundantprecipitationtomostofthelandintheUnitedStates,whichissuitableforthegrowthofgrass.ThewesternpartofEuropeisdominatedbywesterlywinds(Net1),whichareprevailingalltheyearround,withheavyrainfallanddenserainyweather,whichissuitableforthegrowthofsucculentherbage,especiallysuitableforthedevelopmentofanimalhusbandry.TheeasternpartofEuropehasatemperatecontinentalclimate,withinsufficientheatforwheatandpasture.Asaresult,theanimalhusbandryinthewesternishighlydeveloped.Itiseconomictogetmeatfoodratherthanwheatorrice,untilnow,westerners’staplefoodismeat.4.2ReligiousBeliefThethreemainreligions“Confucianism”,“Ru”and“Taoism”havealwaysbeenthemainstreamideologyinancientChina,andthedoctrinesandthoughtsadvocatedbythesethreereligionshaveplayedacrucialroleinguidingthefoodstructureofChinesepeople(元志英,2017).BuddhistandTaoistpractitionerstendtoavoideatingmeat.Itistabooforthesefaithfulbelievertoeatmeatorfish.Onthecontrary,thetruthisthatwhentheBuddhismwasfirstintroducedintoChinaatthebeginning,Buddhistsareallowedtoeatmeat.UntilNorthernandSoutherndynastiesemperor,Wuadvocatesvegetarianism,andbannedBuddhismmonkseatinganimalproducts.Hebelievedthatamonkwithfaithcouldnoteatmeat.Afterthat,Buddhistmonksgraduallyacceptedthiskindofpointofview.ThebelieversareverydevouttowardBuddha.Whentheyseethatthemonksnolongereatmeat,theynaturallythinkthateatingmeatisevil,sotheywillfollowtheexampleofmonksandpromotevegetarianism.Overtime,people’seatinghabitsgraduallyturnedtovegetarianism.Taoismadvocatesharmonybetweenmanandnatureandattachesgreatimportancetohealthpreservation.Fromtheperspectiveofhealthpreservation,theybelievethatmeatisnotconducivetohealthpreservationandiscontrarytothewayofhealthpreservation.SothefollowersofTaoismgraduallygaveupeatingmeat.Confucianismistomanagetheworldwithbenevolenceandrighteousness(焦体霞,2013),theyalwaysbeartheheartofbenevolenceanddon’tkillanimalsatwillwhichalsochangedthedietstructureofChinesepeopletosomeextent.Christianityhasaconventionwhichrequirespeoplekeepawayfrommeatandwine.Sinceforthtofifthcentury,Christianitygraduallyestablishedtheabstinencesystem.Generallyspeaking,peoplecan’teatanythingduringabstinenceperiodincludinganimalproductandanymeat,suchaspork,milk,fish,etc.Womenandworkerscanbefreefromabstinence.Therefore,thepurposeofChristianfastingdon’tconsiderthatmeatproductswillharmthehealthofthebody,buttoachievetheeffectofpracticeChristianandcherishingfoodthroughabstinence.Later,bythe15thcentury,manyplacesalloweddairyproductstobeeatenduringabstinence.Bythe16thcentury,richpeoplecouldevenpaytoexemptfromabstinence.Finally,in1960,fastingwasofficiallyabolished(周惠民,2016).Asamatteroffact,inthewesterndiet,meat,eggandmilkfishareneverbanned,onlyatacertaintimetoachievetheeffectofthepracticeofabstinence.Therefore,westernpeopleneverfeeltabootowardfoodwhichareproducedbyanimalmeat.4.3CulturesandValuesChina’straditionalculturebeganintheYellowRivervalley,whenallthewisemenofthepre-Qindynastywhoarguedwitheachotherandtrytofindanidealsocialsystemtomakethesocietyharmony.Therefore,theChinesevaluefocusonpeace.Thereisanoldsaying,“harmonyinthehomeleadstoprosperityineverything.”Therefore,Chinesepeoplepayspecialattentiontothemaintenanceoffamilyrelations,sothereisasayingthat“thecountryisthebigfamily,thefamilyisasmallunit,thebettercountriesmakethebetterfamily”.Sincemostbanquetsareattendedbyfamilymembers,ithasbecomeanimportantmeanstomaintainfamilyrelations.Asaresult,thebanquetgenerallypresentsakindofnoisyatmosphere,manypeopletoasttoeachothertoshowrespect.Familymembersaregenerallycomposedofpeoplewhoisindifferentpositions.Asaresult,Chinesepeopleoftenclassifydifferentpositionsaccordingtotheirstatus.“Sensibilityandrationalitycoverawiderangeofcontents.Inthefirstchapter,wedefinesensibilityasperceptualdesireandperceptualability.”(陈鹤琳,2003:29).duetotheinfluenceofpragmatism,theChinesepeoplehavebeenpursuingrealityforalongtime,andaseriesofinventionsinancientChinaaredevotedtopracticaluses.Theyrelativelylackofscientificspirit.IntheMingdynasty,WangYangmingoncestaredatbambooforthreedaysuntilhecollapsed,butfailedtolearnanythingaboutit.ItcanbeseenthattheancientChinesepeoplelackedscientificmeanstoexploretheworldandoftenperceivedtheworldinaperceptualway.Intheaspectofdiet,theChinesepeoplehopetoreconciledeliciousfoodfromtheperceptualperspective,whichresultsinthevarietyofChinesedishesandthecomplexcookingmethods.ThenarrowsenseofwesterncultureonlyreferstoEuropeanculture.Greekcivilizationisoneoftheoldestcivilizationsintheworld.ItscultureissourcefromtheAegeanseainthenorthernMediterraneanwithUniqueclimateandgeography.Greek’suniquemethodofproductionanduniquecivilizationwereformedbecauseofitsUniqueclimateandgeography.Inthesenseofculturalorigin,thebirthplaceofwesterncivilizationistheMediterraneanregionofancientGreece.TheMediterraneanisnotrichinnaturalresources,andifpeopledonotmakeeffortstoexplorenature,theirlifewillbeverytightanddifficult.Therefore,inordertoobtainresourcesfromnatureasmuchaspossible,westerncivilizationhasauniquespiritofadventure.Inordertoacquiremoreresourcesfromthenature,peoplehavebeencontinuallyexploringthelivingmethodswhichpromotethebirthofnaturalscience.westernerspaidspecialattentiontothedevelopmentofrationalthinking,whichbecameatypicalfeatureofwesternculture.Intheprocessofexploringnature,Reasonistoconductcalmanalysisthinking,andrigorouslogicalreasoningandtrytoactinaccordancewiththelawsofnature.Intheprocessofunderstandingnature,peoplealsoconstantlyknowthemselves.Anothermaincharacteristicofwesterncultureistotakeindividualassocialstandard,theytakeself-centeredasanimportantprinciple,andpayattentiontopersonaldignity.Thereisacleardivisionofinterestsamongallpeople,everyonehashisownlivingspace,theyusuallydon’tliketointerveneotherpeople’slife,Westerncultureisstillakindof“sinculture”,itfollowstheChristianoriginalsintheory,itbelievesthatthehumannatureistoseekadvantagesandavoidtheevilofhumannature.Christianityteachesthatmanisbornsinful.Thisseemstocontradictthehuman-centeredview,butinfactthereisnoparadox.Theformercallsforenterpriseandadventure,whilethelattercallsforlearningtorespectnatureandnottobearrogantly.5.ConclusionTosumup,inthelonghistoryofdevelopmentofthefoodculture,thereareenormousdifferencesexitingbetweenChineseandwesternculturesystem.TheChinesepeopleregardpeaceasanimportantthing,whileWesternersvalueadventureandfreedom.Asaresult,Chinesepeoplegatheraroundandimplementgroupeddiningsystem,whilewesternerscarryoutindividualservingsystem.Inaddition,becausetherearegreatdifferencesinreligiousthoughtsandnaturalgeographicalfeatures.WesternersliketoeatmeatwhileChineseprefertoeatgrainsandvegetables.Besides,Chinesepeopleprefertotreatfoodwithsensibilityfeelingswhilewesternerslookuponfoodassomekindofnutrition,whichshowstheirreasonfeelingtowardfood.Thesekindofthoughtsstemfromtheirowncultureandvaluedifferences.Chinesepeoplealwayssay“foodisthefirstnecessityofpeople”,whichillustratesthefoodoccupiesanimportantpositionintheordinarypeople’s