2023年6月大学英语六级考试真题(第一套)

2023年6月大学英语六级考试真题(第一套)PartⅠ(30minutes) (请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)DirectionsForthispartyouareallowed30minutestowriteanessaythatbeginswiththesentence“Todaythereisagrowingawarenessthatmentalwell-beingneedstobegivenasmuchattentionasphysicalhealth.”Youcanmakecomments,citeexamplesoruseyourpersonalexperiencestoriteatleastwordsbutnomorethanwordsPartⅡListeningComprehension(30minutes)Directions:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).nmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentreQuestionstoarebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.sdrawntoitsintegrationofdesignandengineeringB)Sheisinfluencedbyherfatherwhoteachesarchitecture.C)Sheispreoccupiedwithherdreamtobeanarchitect.D)Sheisattractedtothebeautyofmodernbuildings.2.A)Bytakingprerequisitecourses.C)Withtheprofessor’shelp.B)Bystudyingthesubjectonline.D)Throughhardwork.3.A)Itisimmortal.C)Itislong-lasting.B)Itisimmaterial.D)Itisgroundbreaking.4.A)Computerscience.C)Economics.B)Philosophy.D)Westernart.Questionstoarebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.AHeisafamousfootballcoach.B)Heiswellknowntothepublic.C)Hehasbeenguardedbyadiscreetassistant. D)Hehasoccasionallybeenharassedbyhisfans.AHelppromoteMrSanchez’spublicprofile.C)PlayakeyroleinRealMadrid.B)Runcommondailychoresforthewoman.D)Serveasapersonalassistant.workedparttimeinuniversityB)Heishonestandalwaystellsthetruth.C)Hecareslittleabouthisworkinghours.D)Hehaslittlepreviousworkexperience.AHehasanaturalcapacitytocooperatewithothers.BHehasasoundknowledgeofsportsconsultancy.C)Hehasahighproficiencyinseverallanguages.D)Hehasastrongabilitytoconnectwithpeople.BDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.nstoarebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheardATheyhavefewerrulesandpressures.B)Theyrequirelesssupervisionandtraining.C)Theyaremoresuitabletoyoungpeople.D)Theybringmorebenefitstoyoungpeople.tkidsfromenjoyingadventuresportsB)Theyrobkidsofthechancetocultivatetheircourage.C)Theyhelpkidsguardagainstanypossibleinjuries.D)Theydeprivekidsoftheopportunitytodevelopteamspirit.tothesesportsstepbystepBAskthemtotrysomeformsofindoorsports.C)Letthemparticipateinsomelessriskyoutdooractivities.D)Helpthemtakeupthesesportswhentheyaremoremature.Questionstoarebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.rersuseeffectivestrategiestopromotefancierproductsBTechfirmsintentionallydesignproductstohaveshortlifespans.C)Suchproductstendtocomprisepartsthatareirreplaceable.D)Consumersoftenhaveacravingforthelatestmodel.thelifecycleoftheirproductsB)Specifythemajorpartsoftheirproducts.C)Listarepairabilityscoreoftheirproducts.D)Indicatethecompetitivenessoftheirproducts. 2)gtheirproductsB)Substitutealltoxicsubstanceswithnon-toxicones.C)Investinconstructingmorerecyclingfacilities.DTaketheinitiativetoreduceelectronicwaste.AItcanbesolvedC)Itisunavoidableinthelongrun.B)Itiscertaintoworsen.D)Itwillbefixedbytechcompanies.ctionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingnAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentreQuestionstoarebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.rnetmonitoringcanbeimplementedB)Howtopreventemployeesfromcyberloafing.cyberloafingaffectsoverallproductivityD)Howtoencourageproductiveinternetsurfing.diamayleadtodeclineinproductivityB)Employeeengagementiscloselyrelatedtojobsatisfaction.C)Cyberloafingmayrelieveemployeesofstress.DCyberloafingisasignofworkers’laziness.terjobperformanceB)Cyberloafinggenerallydoesmoreharmthangood.C)Employeeswhoindulgeininternetsurfingaremostlikelytoquit.DWorkerturnoverislinkedtothetimeallowedforcyberloafing.Questionstoarebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.ATherewereenvironmentalproblems.C)Therewerefewsettlers.B)Therewerenowoodenbuildings.D)Therewerenotrees.eurgedthestatetostarttheNebraskaStateGardeningSocietyB)Hefoundedanewspaperandusedittopromotehisideas.C)Heengagedhimselfinalargenumberofaestheticprojects.D)HeservedaschairmanoftheNebraskaStateBoardofAgriculture.evernmentdeclaredittheofficialArborDayC)OnemilliontreeswereplantedthroughoutNebraska.AspecialprizewasawardedtoJuliusMortonQuestionstoarebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.ATheylivedmostlyinAfricaforabout,000years. 3BTheymovedoutofAfricaabout60,000yearsago.CTheypreferredtoliveinEuroperatherthaninAsia.DTheyspreadacrossEuropeandAsiainafewdecades.heLunacaveinGuangxiZhuangAutonomousRegionBThehumanfossilsdiscoveredmostrecentlyinAfrica.C)ThetracesofhumanmigrationoutofAfricatoAsia.D)ThediscoveryoftwomodernhumanteethinChina.ATheremusthavebeensomereasonforhumanmigration.B)Humanshadaccesstoabundantfoodsourcesthere.C)Humansadaptedthemselvestotheenvironmentthere.DTherehavebeenchangesinanimalslivingconditions.25.A)WhenmodernhumansstartedtodisperseoutofAfrica.BHowhumanssettleddownontheArabianPeninsula.C)Whyfreshwaterissoimportantforhumansurvival.D)WhatpathmodernhumanstooktomigrateoutofAfrica.PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonceYoumightnotknowyourselfaswellasyouthinkAccordingtoanewstudy,peopleare26accuratejudgesofonlysomeoftheirbehaviors.Whilemostpreviousstudiesonhowwellpeopleknowthemselveshavebeendoneonlong-termpersonalitytraits,thisnewstudy27howwellpeopleunderstandhowtheyareactingfromonemomenttothenext.Researchersaskedparticipantstowearaudiorecordersthatautomatically28every9.5minutesbetween7a.m.and2a.m.torecord30secondsofaudio.Theseparticipantswerethenemailedsurveysfourtimesadayaskingthemto29howoutgoing,agreeable,orconscientioustheywereduringaparticularhouroftheday.Thestudyuseddatafrom248participants,allofwhomansweredquestionsabouttheirbehaviorfortwo30weeksandworetheaudiodeviceforoneofthoseweeks.Sixlaboratoryassistantsratedeachparticipant’saudioclipstoseehowtheirobservationscomparedwithpeople’s31ofthemselves.Thesixassistantsweregenerallyinagreementwithoneanotherabouthowthepeopletheywereobservingacted.Further,participants’ratingsoftheirownbehaviorsagreedwithobservers’forhowoutgoingandhowconscientioustheywerebeing.Buttheagreementbetweenparticipantsandoutsideobserverswasmuchsmallerforagreeableness.Someofthis32couldbe 4)becausetheobserversusedonlyaudioclips,andthuscouldnotread33likebodylanguage,butthereare 34otherexplanations,aspeopleshouldbeabletohearwhenaparticipantisbeingkindversusbeingrude.Theweakagreementbetweenhowparticipantsthoughttheywereactingandwhatobserversheardcouldbebecausepeoplewouldrather35rudebehavior.AactivatedarticulatesssmentconsecutivecuesFdenyrepancyrobablybesandomecallelativelyMsaturatedN)symptomsinateBDirectionsInthissectionyouaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.EachparagraphismarkeduestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetWhyweneedtinycolleges[A]We’reexperiencingtherebirthofsmallness.Farmersmarkets,tinyhomes,andbrewpubsallexemplifyourloveofsmallness.Sodocharterschools,coffeeshops,andlocalbookstores.Smallisoften(butnotalways)moreaffordable,healthier,andsustainable,butitsfinestcharacteristic,theonethatturnscharmintolove,isthatgoingsmallallowsustobemorefullywhoweare.[B]Inhighereducationthetrendismostlyintheoppositedirection:Universitieswith20,000or30,000zonaStateUniversityhasstudentsoncampusandaimstoenrollanother100,000studentsonline.Attheotherendofthespectrumisahandfulofcollegesthathavefewerthanahundredstudentsoncampusandnoonlinecourses:collegessuchasSterlingCollege,ThomasMoreCollegeofLiberalArts,andDeepSpringsCollege.Thesecollegesaresosmallthattheycanonlybecalled“tiny.”[C]Tinycollegesfocusnotjustonayoungperson’sintellect,butontheyoungpersonasawhole.Equallyimportant,tinycollegesask,“Howcaneducationcontributetohumanflourishingandthewell-beingoftheworld?”Andtheyshapeacollegeexperiencetoaddressthatquestion.Theyreplaceconcernsaboutinstitutionalgrowthwithattentiontothegrowthofstudentsasfullydevelopedparticipantsintheircommunities.[D]I’vehadtheprivilegeofteachingatthreedifferentinstitutionsofhigherlearningduringmycareer—asmallliberalartscollegeandtwomid-sizedpublicuniversities.I’vealsobeenprofoundlydisappointedineachoftheseinstitutions,andinmanyofmycolleagues,especiallywhenitcomestohelpingstudents 5andpreparingthemforthemanyresponsibilitiesofadulthood.Administratorsfocusonthebusinessofrunningauniversity,andmostfacultyfocusontheirscholarshipandteachingtheirdiscipline.Littledeliberateattentionisgiventohowstudentsmatureasindividualsandsocialbeings.[E]Havingjustretiredfromteachingatapublicuniversity,I’mnowreturningtomyhometownofFlagstaff,Arizona,toestablishatinycollege—FlagstaffCollege.I’mconvincedthere’saneedforanothertypeofeducation,onedevotedtohelpingstudentscomeintotheirownandintothisbeautifulandtroubledworldYoungpeopleneedaneducationthatwillprovidethemwithmeaninghopecourageandpassion,aswellasinformationandskills.Largeinstitutions,Ibelieve,areparticularlyill-suitedtothistypeofeducation.[F]There’sno“bestof”listwhenitcomestotinycolleges,atleastnotyet.Butaroundthecountrypeoplearecreatingnewcollegesthatprovideanalternativetosmallliberalartscolleges,largepublicuniversities,andonlineeducation.[G]Withonly26students,DeepSpringsisthesmallestcollegeinthecountryand,quitelikely,themostatypical(非典型的).LocatedonaworkingcattleranchontheCalifornia-Nevadaborder,DeepSpringsisaprivate,residential,two-yearcollegeformen,committedtoeducatingstudentsfor“alifeofservicetohumanity.”Foundedbytheelectricitytycoon(大享)L.L.Nunnin1917,DeepSprings’“curriculum”revolvesaroundacademics,labor,andself-governance.Inadditiontotheircourses,studentsarechargedwithrunningthe155-acreranchandoverseeingthefunctioningofthecollege.Studentschairboththeadmissionsandthecurriculumcommittees.[H]“Livinginclosecommunitywithone’steachersandfellowstudents,andbeingforcedtotakeonadultresponsibilities,makesforone’sgrowthasaperson,”saysWilliamHunt,whograduatedlastyear.“Toexistforverylonginacommunitylikethat,youhavetogetoverthequestionofwhetheryou’resufficientlytalentedorprincipledandgetstartedworryingabouthowyoucanstretchyourselfandyourpeers,howmuchyoucanmanagetolearnwiththem.”[I]SterlingCollege,inCraftsburyCommon,Vermont,isalsoverysmall—fewerthan100students.UnlikeDeepSprings,Sterlingfocusesitscurriculumonenvironmentalandsocialjusticeissues,butlikeDeepSpringsitplacesahighvalueonpersonalresponsibilityandmanuallabor.Accordingtoitscatalog,acollegeeducationatSterlingcombines“rigorousacademics,roll-up-your-sleeveschallenges,andgoodoldhardwork.”[J]Theaveragetuitionatasmallliberal-artscollegeis$30,000to$40,000ayear,notincludingthecostoflivingoncampus,ascomparedto$8,000to$10,000ayearfortuitionaloneatapublicuniversity.Ofthetinycolleges,onlyDeepSpringsdoesn’tchargetuitionorroomandboard;studentspayonlyforbooksandthecostoftravelingtoandfromcollege.Iftinyschoolsaretobecomeaplayeronthehighereducationscene,theywillneedtofindawaytobetrulyaffordable.[K]Doingsomaynotbethatdifficultsolongastheydonotpatternthemselvestoocloselyonexistingnorms.We’vecometobelievethatagoodcollegeshouldhavemanyacademicprogramsandexcellentfacilities,posh(豪华的)dorms,anarrayofathleticprograms,andaworld-classstudentactivitycenter.Imagineagoodcollegewithoutaclimbingwall!Wealsohaveacceptedtheideathatcollegepresidents,andtheirmanyvice-presidents,shouldbepaidliketheircounterpartsinthebusinessworld 6)andthathighereducationrequiresanelaborate,up-to-datetechnologyinfrastructure.Allofthisdrivesupthecostofeducation.LThetricktomakingtinycollegesaffordableifthatstherightwordissimplicityAtitscore,educationisahuman-to-humaninteraction.Reflectingonhisowncollegeeducation,PresidentGarfieldoncecommentedthatanidealcollegewouldconsistofnothingmorethanthelegendaryteacherMarkHopkinsononeendofalogandastudentontheother.Theeconomicsofatinycollege,inotherwords,mightbesimilartothatofatinyhouse.Becauseitissmall,atinyhousecostslesstobuildandlesstofurnish,insure,andmaintain.Buttheeconomicbenefitsofasmallhousedon’tendthere.Tinyhomesdiscouragehomeownersfrombuyingstuffthattheyreallydon’tneed,becausethere’snoplacetoputit.[M]I’malateconverttotheideaoftinycolleges,andIfullyunderstandtheneedformanydiversetypesofeducationalinstitutions.Academicresearchandjobtrainingareimportant,buttinycollegesaren’tsuitedforeither.Theeducationalneedsofacomplexsocietyarethemselvescomplex,andnosinglemodelcanmeetalloftheseneeds.ButI’mnowconvincedthere’saneducationalneedthat’snowgoingalmostcompletelyunmet:namely,theneedtohelpyoungpeopletransitionintoadulthood.Tinycollegescandothisbetterthananyothertypeofeducationalinstitution.[N]Theultimatejustificationforatinycollegeistheconvictionthateachofuscomesintoourfullhumanitybycloseinteractionwiththosewhoknowandcareforus,andthatoneofthebasicpurposesofhighereducationissocial.Althoughwegivelipservicetotheideathatacollegeeducationwillmakeusbetterpeople,whenall’ssaidanddone,wethinkofhighereducationprimarilyineconomicterms.We’vecometothinkofhighereducationasameanstomakealivingratherthanmakealife.We’vealsocometoseehighereducationasaprivategoodratherthanapublicone.Tinycollegesarenottheanswertoallofoureducationalrequirements,butthey’reananswertooneofourmostbasiceducationalnecessities:theneedtoproducethoughtful,engaged,andcompassionatehumanbeings.36.OnetinyAmericancollegesituatedonacattlefarmisdevotedtoeducatingstudentstoservemankindthroughouttheirlives.37.Muchtotheauthor’sdisappointment,thethreeinstitutionsofhigherlearningwhereshetaughtlargelyignorestudentsgrowthassocialbeingsTinycollegesmustbemadeaffordableinordertoplayaroleinhighereducation.39.Accordingtoarecentgraduatefromatinycollege,livingtogetherwithfacultyandfellowstudentsisconducivetoastudentsgrowthasaperson.40.Ratherthangoingsmall,mostAmericanuniversitiesaretryingtogobig.41.Inacertaintinycollege,rigorousacademicworkandtraditionalmanuallaborareintegrated.42.Tinycollegesfocusoneducatingstudentstobecomewell-roundedcitizensinsteadofseekingtheirownexpansion.43.Theessenceofeducationliesintheinteractionbetweenpeople.44.Afterherretirement,theauthorhasdecidedtosetupatinycollegeinherhometown.45.Tinycollegesarejustifiedasitisbelievedthatourgrowthintofullhumanitycomesthroughinteractionwithpeoplenearanddeartous. 7ctionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelineughthecentresageOneQuestionstoarebasedonthefollowingpassage.Ifyou’resomeonewhohasturnedtosnackingonjunkfoodmoreinthepandemic(大流行病),you’renotalone.InvestigativereporterMichaelMosssaysprocessedfoodisengineeredtohookyou,notunlikealcohol,cigarettes,orotherharmfulsubstances.His2013book,SaltSugarFat,exploredfoodcompanies’aggressivemarketingofthoseproductsandtheirimpactonourhealth.Inhisnewbook,Hooked,Mossupdatesthefoodgiants’effortstokeepuseatingwhattheyserve,andhowthey’rerespondingtocomplaintsfromconsumersandhealthadvocates.Processedfoodisinexpensive,it’slegal,andit’severywhere.Companies’advertisingiscueingustorememberthoseproductsandwewantthoseproductsconstantlySothefoodenvironmentisoneofthosekeythingsthatmakesfoodevenmoreproblematicforsomanypeople.Memory,nostalgia(怀旧)inparticular,playsabigroleinthefoodswecrave.Sodacompaniesdiscoveredthatiftheyputasodainthehandsofachildwhenthey’reataballgamewiththeirparents,thatsodawillforeverbeassociatedwiththatjoyousmoment.Laterinlife,whenthatchildwantstoexperienceajoyousmoment,they’regoingtothinkofsoda.Manypeopleseekcomfortinthesnackstheyrememberfromchildhood.Mossexaminesthewaycompaniescapitalizeonourmemories,cravingsandbrainchemistrytokeepussnacking.OneofthereasonsIcametothinkthatsomeofthesefoodproductsareevenmorepowerful,moretisallaboutmemoryAndwebeginformingmemoriesforfoodatareallyearlyage.Andwekeepthosememoriesforalifetime.Knowingthis,thefoodindustryspendslotsoftimetryingtoshapethememoriesthatwehavefortheirproducts.Oneofthefeaturesofaddictionthatscientistsstudyingdrugaddictiondiscoveredbackinthe1990swasthatthefasterasubstancehitsthebrain,themoreaptweareasaresulttoactimpulsively.There’snothingfasterthanfoodinitsabilitytohitthebrain.ForMoss,thisputsthenotionof“fastfood”inanentirelynewlightasthisisn’tlimitedtofastfoodchains—almost90%offoodproductsingrocerystoresareprocessedfoods.Everythingintheindustryisaboutspeed,frommanufacturingtopackaging.Overall,Mossoutlinestheindustry’sdependenceonmakingtheirproductsinexpensive,superdelicious,andincrediblyconvenientforconsumers.Nowthatmoreandmorepeoplecareaboutwhattheyputintheirbodiesandarewantingtoeathealthier,thesecompaniesarefindingitreallydifficulttomeetthatnewdemandbecauseoftheirownaddictiontomakingtheseconveniencefoods..InwhatwaydoesMichaelMossthinkprocessedfoodiscomparabletoalcoholandcigarettes?A)Theyarealladdictive.C)Theyareallengineeredtobeenjoyed. 8)B)Theyareallnecessaryevils.D)Theyareallinincreasinglygreatdemand.Whatdoestheauthorsayplaysakeyroleinthefoodswecrave?A)Thefoodenvironment.C)Convenience.B)Aggressivemarketing.D)Memory.tdofoodcompaniesdotocapitalizeonconsumersassociationwiththeirfoodproductsA)Theystrivetoinfluencehowconsumersremembertheirproducts.BTheyattempttouseconsumerslong-termmemoriestopromoteaddiction.CTheytrytoexploitconsumersmemoriesfortheirproductsasearlyaspossible.D)Theyendeavortofindwhatconsumersrememberabouttheirproducts..Howdoesthefoodindustryoperatefrommanufacturingtopackaging,accordingtoMoss?A)Placingtheideaoffastfoodinanentirelynewlight.B)Settingnolimittothenumberoffastfoodchains.C)Focusingonhowquicklytheworkisdone.D)Prioritizingthequalityoftheirproducts.aniesfindingitdifficulttosatisfyconsumersdemandforhealthierfoodproductsATheythinkspeedofproductionoutweighsconsumers’health.B)Theybelievetheirindustrywouldperishwithoutfastfoods.C)Theyhavetostrikeabalancebetweentasteandnutrition.D)Theyarehookedonmanufacturingconveniencefoods.Questionstoarebasedonthefollowingpassage.Chimpanzees(黑猩猩),humanbeings’closestanimalrelatives,shareupto98%ofourgenes.Yethumansandchimpanzeesleadverydifferentlives.Fewerthan300,000wildchimpanzeesliveinafewforestedcornersofAfricatoday,whilehumanshavecolonizedeverycorneroftheglobe.Atmorethan7billion,humanpopulationdwarfsthatofnearlyallothermammals—despiteourphysicalweaknesses.ldaccountforourspeciesincredibleevolutionarysuccessesOneobviousanswerisourbigbrains.Itcouldbethatourrawintelligencegaveusanunprecedentedabilitytothinkoutsidethebox,innovatingsolutionstothornyproblemsaspeoplemigratedacrosstheglobe.Butagrowingnumberofcognitivescientistsandanthropologists(人类学家)arerejectingthatexplanation.Theythinkthat,ratherthanmakingourlivingasinnovators,wesurviveandthrivepreciselybecausewedon’tthinkforourselves.Instead,peoplecopewithchallengingclimatesandecologicalcontextsbycarefullycopyingothers.Inafamousstudy,psychologistsVictoriaHornerandAndrewWhitenshowedtwogroupsoftestsubjects—childrenandchimpanzees—amechanicalboxwithatreatinside.Inonecondition,theboxwasileintheotheritwastransparentTheexperimentersdemonstratedhowtoopentheboxtoretrievethetreat,buttheyalsoincludedtheirrelevantstepoftappingontheboxwithastick.Oddlythechildrencarefullycopiedallthestepstoopentheboxevenwhentheycouldseethatthestickhadnopracticaleffect.Thatis,theycopiedirrationally:Insteadofdoingonlywhatwasnecessarytogettheir 9reward,childrenslavishlyimitatedeveryactionthey’dwitnessed.Ofcourse,thatstudyonlyincludedthree-andfour-year-olds.Butadditionalresearchhasshownthatolderchildrenandadultsareevenmorelikelytomindlesslycopyothers’actions,andinfantsarelesslikelytoover-imitate—thatis,topreciselycopyevenimpracticalactions.Bycontrast,chimpanzeesinthestudyonlyover-imitatedintheopaquecondition.Inthetransparentcondition—wheretheysawthatthestickwasmechanicallyuseless—theyignoredthatstepentirely.Otherresearchhassincesupportedthesefindings.Whenitcomestocopying,chimpanzeesaremorerationalthanhumanchildrenoradults.Wheredoestheseeminglyirrationalhumanpreferenceforover-imitationcomefrom?AnthropologistJosephHenrichpointsoutthatpeoplearoundtheworldrelyontechnologiesthatareoftensocomplexthatnoonecanlearnthemrationally.Instead,peoplemustlearnthemstepbystep,trustinginthewisdomofmoreexperiencedeldersandpeers.SothenexttimeyouhearsomeonearguingpassionatelythateveryoneshouldembracenonconformityandavoidimitatingothersyoumightlaughalittlebitWerenotchimpanzees,afterall.inhumanshavingthelargestpopulationofalmostallmammalsA)Theyareequippedwithrawstrengthforsolvingthemostchallengingproblems.B)Theycopewiththeoutsideworldmoreeffectivelythantheiranimalrelatives.C)Theypossessthemostoutstandingabilitytothink.D)Theyknowhowtosurviveeverywhereonearth.52.Whataccountsforhumans’evolutionarysuccessesaccordingtoagrowingnumberofcognitivescientiststhropologistsA)Theyarebetteratinnovatingsolutions.B)Theythrivethroughcreativestrategies.C)Theyarenaturallyadaptivetoecologicalcontexts.DTheymeetchallengesbyimitatingotherscarefully.kisoddaboutthefindingsofthestudybyVictoriaHornerandAndrewWhitenA)Childrenirrationallyimitatedeveryactionoftheexperimenters.B)Chimpanzeescouldtellthetransparentboxfromtheopaqueone.C)Chimpanzeescouldretrievethetreatmorequicklythanchildrendid.D)Childrenomittedthestepoftappingontheboxwithasticktoopenit.anthropologistJosephHenrichsexplanationforthehumanpreferenceforcopyingA)Itoriginatesintherationalityofpeoplearoundtheworld.B)Itstemsfromthewaypeoplelearncomplextechnologies.C)Itresultsfrompeopledistrustingtheirownwisdom.D)Itderivesfromthedesiretoacquireknowledgestepbystep.doestheauthorwanttoemphasizewhenhesaysWerenotchimpanzeesA)Itisarguablewhethereveryoneshouldavoidimitation.B)Itischaracteristicofhumanbeingstocopyothers. 10)C)Itisdesirabletotrustinmoreknowledgeablepeers.DItisnaivetolaughatsomeoneembracingnonconformity.PartⅣTranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.随着中国经济的快速发展和人们生活水平的稳步提高，城市居民对环境和生活品质的要求越来公园和公共绿地或对原有公共场地重新加以规划改造，许多城市为市民提供了更多休闲和社交的场所。如今