第04讲　形容词和副词（知识讲解巧学巧练）（学生版）

第04讲形容词和副词目标1形容词和副词的基本用法目标2形容词和副词的比较级和最高级考点精讲一形容词和副词的基本用法【情境导入】Iboughtaninteresting①novelyesterday.Thebookissointeresting②thatIcanhardlyletgoofit.Worried③aboutmystudy，mymothertookitaway.However，Ifoundmymotherabsorbed④init.Mymotherisreadingthenovelattentively⑤nowandsheisquite⑤movedbyit.Obviously⑥，shewon’treturnthebooktomesoon.[规则感悟]①修饰名词，往往用形容词作定语。②在系动词之后，往往用形容词作表语。③表示情绪和精神状态的形容词可以作状语。④在“感官或使役动词＋宾语”之后，形容词可以作宾补，说明宾语的状态。⑤副词可以描述某个动作的情况或者描述动作、行为或状态的程度。⑥副词可以放在句首，作评论性状语，修饰整个句子。1．形容词的构词规则类别例词加ycloud→cloudy，luck→lucky，health→healthy，fog→foggy加(e)dgift→gifted，talent→talented，advance→advanced，excite→excited加ingsurprise→surprising，convince→convincing，frighten→frightening，appeal→appealing，reward→rewarding，invite→inviting加ful/lessmeaning→meaningful/meaningless，care→careful/careless，help→helpful/helpless，harm→harmful/harmless，colour→colourful/colourless，use→useful/useless，thank→thankful/thankless加ablefort→fortable，knowledge→knowledgeable，accept→acceptable，respect→respectable加ousdanger→dangerous，courage→courageous，humour→humorousce变为tconfidence→confident，difference→different加almusic→musical，person→personal，nation→national，education→educational，tradition→traditional加lyfriend→friendly，week→weekly，love→lovely加enwood→wooden，wool→woolen加ive/ativeattract→attractive，talk→talkative，prevent→preventive，protect→protective其他常见变化energy→energetic，fool→foolish，pleasure→pleasant/pleased，science→scientific注意以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节名词加后缀y变成形容词时，要双写该辅音字母再加y，如：sun→sunny，fun→funny等。以e结尾的名词加y变形容词时要去掉e再加y，如：noise→noisy，ice→icy，taste→tasty等。2．形容词变副词的规则类别例词(1)一般形容词变副词直接在其后加ly。quick→quickly，anxious→anxiously(2)以辅音字母＋e结尾的形容词直接加ly，以元音字母＋e结尾的形容词去掉e再加ly。immediate→immediately，polite→politely，true→truly(3)以辅音字母＋le结尾的形容词要去掉e再加y。possible→possibly，probable→probably(4)以辅音字母＋y结尾的形容词要变y为i再加ly。happy→happily，healthy→healthily(5)以ic结尾的形容词要在其后加ally。economic→economically，basic→basically(6)以ll结尾的形容词要在其后加y。full→fully，dull→dully注意下面这两个单词是特殊的形式：whole→whollypublic→publicly3．常见的以ly结尾的形容词(1)表示时间的形容词：hourly每小时的；daily每天的；weekly每周的；monthly每月的；yearly每年的；timely及时的，适时的。(2)表示人的形容词：manly有男子气概的；womanly女性特有的；motherly慈母般的；fatherly慈父般的；radely同志般的。(3)表示人的外貌、特征、性格、心理等的形容词：lovely可爱的；friendly友好的；ugly难看的；lively活泼的；lonely孤独的；unfriendly不友好的；kindly亲切的；sickly多病的；elderly年长的。(4)表示事物特征、环境、情况、状态的形容词：likely可能的；orderly整齐的；deadly致命的；chilly寒冷的；disorderly乱七八糟的；unlikely不大可能发生的。4．如何区分ed结尾的形容词与ing结尾的形容词(1)ing结尾的形容词主要用于修饰物或事，表示事物的性质或特征，常译为“令人……的”。(2)ed结尾的形容词通常用于说明人的感受，常译为“感到……的”，也可以修饰事物，多修饰smile(微笑)，appearance(外貌)，face(面部表情)，voice(声音)，look(表情)，expression(表情)等表示人的情绪状况的名词。Hehadapleasedsmileonhisface.他脸上露出了满意的微笑。Hetoldmethenewsinaveryexcitedvoice.他以非常激动的声音告诉了我这个消息。5．常考的连接性副词though然而，可是；meanwhile在此期间；therefore/thus/consequently因此，所以；moreover/furthermore而且，此外；besides而且，另外，还有；however然而；instead相反，代替；anyway/anyhow尽管，即使这样；otherwise否则。Theyoungmancouldn’taffordanewcar.Instead，heboughtausedone.那个年轻人买不起新车，便买了一辆二手的。Thehousewastooexpensiveandtoobig.Besides，I’dgrownfondofourlittlerentedhouse.这个房子太贵、太大了。而且，我已经越来越喜欢我们租的小屋了。6．意义不同的同根副词(1)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(closeadv.不远地；接近地,closelyadv.密切地))(2)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(freeadv.免费地,freelyadv.自由地))(3)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(hardadv.努力地,hardlyadv.几乎不))(4)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(lateadv.晚，迟,latelyadv.近来))(5)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(mostadv.非常；几乎，差不多,mostlyadv.主要地))(6)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(wideadv.尽可能远地；充分地,widelyadv.广泛地))(7)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(highadv.高,highlyadv.高度地))(8)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(deepadv.深地；在深处,deeplyadv.深刻地))(9)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(nearadv.在附近,nearlyadv.几乎))对点练习1．Theoldpeoplethereweretalkativeandtheytoldustheir__________(person)storiescheerfully.2．Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop，andsomeofthemlookedveryanxiousand___________________(disappoint)．3．I’llneverforgetthe______________(amaze)tripIhadinBeijing，ChinaandIhopetogotherenexttimewithmyfriends.4．Hespentsevendaysinthewindandsnow，coldand_______________(hunger)．5．Inthestudy，GBSwasusedtoprovidea____________(high)efficientwayofdemonstratingquantumputationalspeedupinsolvingsometasks.6．Thetitlewillbe________________(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.7．______________(lucky)，healsohasacowwhichproducesmilkeveryday.8．Iam_______________(terrible)sorrythatIcan’tgotothebookstorewithyouattheappointedtime.考点精讲二形容词和副词的比较级和最高级【情境导入】Inmyfamily，mymotheristhethinnest①.Myfatherismuchtaller②thanherandme，butheistwiceasheavyas③mymother，andbeingfatterandfatter④.Heisquiteworriedbecausethefatter⑤heis，themorelikely⑤heistobeill.[规则感悟]①形容词和副词变比较级或最高级，一般直接加er或est；以e结尾的直接加r或st；以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词注意双写结尾辅音字母；以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的词，将y变为i再加er或est；多音节词前面加more或most。两者或两部分之间比较，多用比较级；三者或三者以上的比较，可以使用最高级。②比较级常常和than连用，并且可以被much，alittle，abit，even，far，still等词修饰。③倍数表达法：•A＋谓语＋倍数＋adj./adv.比较级＋than＋B•A＋谓语＋倍数＋as＋adj./adv.原级(＋名词)＋as＋B•A＋谓语＋倍数＋the＋名词(size，length，height，weight等)＋of＋B④“adj./adv.比较级＋and＋adj./adv.比较级”表示“越来越……”。⑤“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”表示“越……，就越……”。1．少数以er，ow，y或le结尾的双音节词，可以加er构成比较级，加est构成最高级。clever→cleverer→cleverestnarrow→narrower→narrowesteasy→easier→easiestsimple→simpler→simplest2．有些形容词没有程度可分或其本身就表示某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词有right(正确的)，wrong(错误的)，possible(可能的)，empty(空的)，first(第一的)，wooden(木制的)，final(最后的)，east(东方的)，last(最后的)等。3．有些形容词和副词变比较级或最高级时为不规则变化，需牢记。good/well→better→bestbad/ill→worse→worstmany/much→more→mostlittle→less→leastold→older/elder→oldest/eldestfar→farther→farthest(指具体空间上)far→further→furthest(指抽象程度上)4．比较级的基本用法(1)同级比较①as＋adj./adv.(原级)＋as...“和……一样”；notas/so＋adj./adv.(原级)＋as...“不如……”Sincepeoplearefondofhumour，itisasweleinconversationasanywhereelse.因为人们喜欢幽默，所以在谈话中或其他任何地方它都是受欢迎的。②当as...as结构中有名词时，可用以下结构：as＋形容词原级＋a(n)＋n.＋as...as＋many＋可数名词复数＋as...as＋much＋不可数名词＋as...I’mnotalittletiredtodayaftergivingtheroomathoroughcleaningandIhaveneverhadastiringadayastoday.今天对房间进行了大扫除之后我非常累，我从来没有过比今天更累的一天了。(2)比较级比较“形容词/副词比较级＋than”表示“两者中一方比另一方更……”。“less＋形容词/副词原级＋than”表示“一方不及另一方……”。Iknowmysisterbetterthananyoneelse.Onceshehasmadeuphermind，nothingcanchangeit.我比其他任何人更了解我姐姐。她一旦下定决心，没有什么能够改变。5．比较级的特殊用法①“more＋原级＋than＋原级”表示“与其说……不如说……”。Thegirlwasmorefrightenedthanhurt.与其说这个女孩是受了伤，不如说是受到了惊吓。②“morethan＋主语＋can＋谓语”表示“非……所能；……不能”。ThebeautyofthecityismorethanIcandescribe.这座城市的美是我所不能描述的。③形容词比较级前一般不用冠词，但如果出现表示范围的短语时，就需要加定冠词。Ofthetwosisters，Maryisthecleverer.这两姐妹中，玛丽更聪明。6．比较级形式表示最高级含义在某个特定范围内，同类事物对比，可用以下比较级结构表示最高级含义。①比较级＋than＋anyother＋可数名词单数②比较级＋than＋theother＋可数名词复数③比较级＋than＋anyone/anythingelse④比较级＋than＋anyoftheother＋可数名词复数⑤“否定词＋比较级”也可表示最高级含义。ChinaisthelargestcountryinAsia.Thatis，itislargerthananyothercountryinAsia.中国是亚洲最大的国家。即中国比亚洲其他任何国家都要大。Nomanisbetterthanyouintheworld.人世间没有人比你好。Ihaven’treadamoreinterestingnovel.这是我读过的最有趣的小说了。7．最高级的基本用法(1)形容词最高级(＋名词)＋表示范围的状语Sheisthemostactivestudentinourclass.她是我们班最活跃的学生。(2)oneof＋形容词最高级＋名词复数Shanghaiisoneofthebiggestcitiesinourcountry.＝Shanghaiisamongthebiggestcitiesinourcountry.上海是我国最大的城市之一。(3)序数词＋形容词最高级＋名词Africaisthesecondlargestcontinentintheworld.非洲是世界上第二大洲。对点练习1．The________(much)wedoforthoseinneed，thehappierwe’llbe.2．Roadsafetyhasaroused________(wide)attentionofthepublicthanbefore.3．Duringtheendofthe19thcenturyandthebeginningofthe20thcentury，BeijingOperafinallyformedandbecamethe___________(big)ofalloperasinChina.4．Ihavenevermeta_________(kind)teacherthanMrsSmithbefore.5．Theelectronicwastestreamisincreasingthreetimes________(fast)thantraditionalgarbageasawhole.6．Whenyoustudythelocalmap，you’llfindthistownistwice______sizeofthatone.7．Ihaveseldomseenmymother_________pleasedwithmyprogressassheisnow.【解题策略】1．Whenthehousewasbuilt，itwasmuch_________(small)thanitistoday.(2021·浙江6月)2．Localpeoplewereprovidedwith__________(finance)aidandotherbenefits.3．Onedaytheemperorwantedtogethisportrait(画像)donesohecalledallgreatartiststoeandpresenttheir________(fine)work，sothathecouldchoosethebest.(2020·全国Ⅲ)4．Asthesmallboatmoved________(gentle)alongtheriverhewasleftspeechlessbythemountainsbeingsilentlyreflectedinthewater.(2020·全国Ⅲ)层级一基础达标练单句语法填空1．LastOctober，whiletendinghergardeninMora，Sweden，LenaPahlssonpulledoutahandfulofsmall__________(carrot)andwasabouttothrowthemaway.2．Handlethemostimportanttasksfirst，andyou’llfeelarealsenseof____________(achieve)．3．Althoughheresearchescloning，his__________(intend)hasneverbeentocreatecopiesofhumans.4．Intheearly_________(fifty)，researchersfoundthatpeoplescoredhigheronintelligencetestsiftheyspokemorethanonelanguage.5．Sheisthe_________(twelve)tutor，whohasetolookafterhischildrensincetheirmotherdied.6．Theoldmangoestotheparkevery________(three)day，joggingwithhisfellows.7．Butthesuccessfultestdrillingforfireicedoesnotmeanitcanbeextractedfor___________(industry)use.8．Theworld’spopulationisincreasingata___________(surprise)rateandourenvironmentisfacinggreatpressure.9．Nowadaysit’sthesecond___________(large)cityinBulgariaandit’sasignificanteconomic，educationalandculturalcenter.10．Indiansstartpracticingyogaataveryyoungage，sotheirbodiesareeven__________(strong)．层级二高考真题练单句语法填空1．JohnOlson，aformer________________(photograph)andhisteamturnpaintingsintofullytextured3Dmodels.(2022·浙江6月)2．CaoandWualsocollectedgarbagealongtheroad，inordertopromoteenvironmental_______________(protect)．(2022·全国甲)3．Caobelievesthiswillmakethehikingtripevenmore________________(meaning)．Thetwoofthemcollectedmorethan1,000plasticbottlesalongthe40dayjourney.(2022·全国甲)4．Inthelastfiveyears，Caohaswalkedthrough34countriesinsixcontinents，andin2016，hereachedthetopofKilimanjaro，Africa’s______________(high)mountain.(2022·全国甲)5．TheGPNP’smaingoalistoimproveconnectivitybetweenseparate_________________(population)andhomesofgiantpandas，and________________(eventual)achieveadesiredlevelofpopulationinthewild.(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ)6．Onthedayoftheaccident，MrsBrownwasatworkandEricwasathomewithhisfather.Theybothfell__________(sleep)whilewatchingTV.(2022·新高考全国Ⅱ)7．Whenhelookeddown，he_______________(accidental)slippedandfellovertheedge.(2022·新高考全国Ⅱ)8．Thismaybeduetosomedisadvantagesforpeoplelivinginthecountryside，including_______(low)levelsofineandeducation，highercostsofhealthyfoods，andfewersportsfacilities.(2021·浙江1月)9．Itiscalculatedbydividinga__________(person)weightinkgbytheirheightinmeterssquared，andaBMIofbetween19and25isconsideredhealthy.(2021·浙江1月)10．Filledwith___________(curious)，theartistpackedhisbagsandleft.(2020·全国Ⅲ)层级三语篇提能练语法填空(2022·