大连佳兆业酒店空调系统设计

本科论文目录TOC\o"1-2"\h\z\u2519摘要 ⑶风机风量大，噪声大要求卫生条件严格的房间，目前较少采用此种方式本设计为酒店的空调系统设计所以对空气品质的要求较高，但是全水系统和冷剂系统却只能消除室内的余热和余湿[5]，无法达到改良室内空气质量的作用，所以在此次的建筑空调设计时不予选用。综上所述，本酒店采用风机盘管加新风系统，风机盘管的新风供给方式用单设新风系统独立供给室内。3.3空调方案的确定该酒店采用风机盘管加新风系统，占空间少，使用也较灵活。因为该酒店房间类型繁多，各房间冷热负荷并不相同，可以各房间进行个别的调节。每层设有新风机组，可以由同层的新风机组送入室内。在采用风机盘管空调方式时，如果水管漏水或冷水管产生凝结水，易对电器设备产生安全隐患，因此要求确保管道的安装质量。

4系统设备选型4.1设计计算4.1．1夏季送风状态点和送风量=1\*GB2⑴新风量的确定确定新风量的依据有下列三个因素[6]：①稀释人群产生的污染物，保证空气品质的要求；②补充局部排风量；③保持空调房间维持正压。公式为：（4-1）式中：n空调房间内的总人数；gw新风量标准，即单位时间内每人所需的新风量，m3/h·人。=2\*GB2⑵夏季送风状态点和送风量的确定[7]综合考虑能效，选择处理后的新风和风机盘管处理过的空气混合后送入室内的方案。新风不负担室内负荷，新风处理到室内焓值，风机盘管处理到点L2，混合到O点一并送入房间，i-d图上的处理过程如图4.1所示。图4.1新风与风机盘管送风混合后送入时的空气处理过程以7001客房01为例：已知室内外参数tN=25℃，=55%，tW=29.0℃，tWs=26.3℃查得iN=55.5kJ/kg，iw=81.5kJ/kg，由iN=55.5kJ/kg，=95%确定点L1，tL1=20℃，iL1=55.5kJ/kg。在i-d图中，过N点作ε线与=90%相交，即得送风状态点O。to=18℃，io=47.5kJ/kg，送风温差=25-18=7℃。总风量G=Q/(iN-io)=422.5m3/h。换气次数定义为房间通风量和房间体积的比值，即：（4-2）则7001客房01换气次数n=422.5/(22×3.0)=6.4＞5.24，所以符合换气次数要求。由于满足卫生的新风量Gw1=100m3/h＞总风量的10%。则7001客房的最小新风量取两者中的较大值，即Gw=120m3/h。新风负荷计算公式：（4-3）则7001客房01的新风负荷为Qw=512W风机盘管风量计算公式：（4-4）则风机盘管风量为GF=322.5m3/h连接点L1及点O并延长至L2点，使/(Gw/GF),则iL2=io-(iL1-io)GW/GF=46.4kJ/kg则风机盘管冷量：（4-5）各房间计算同理。4.2设备选型4.2．1风机盘管的选型根据风机盘管风量以及所承担的冷量对风机盘管进行选型。选用美的品牌卧式暗装风机盘管，型号及性能参数如表4.1和表4.2所示。表4.1各房间风机盘管选型及数量楼层房间房间面积风机盘管数量1层1001[银行外]65FP-6821002[银行内]109.01FP-5121003[酒楼大堂]361.82FP-6831004[服务台]47.88FP-5111005[财务室]10.61FP-3411006[商务中心]8.04FP-3412层2001[餐厅]590.23FP-8592002[厨房]67.95FP-5123层3001[客房]19.03FP-3413002[客房]19.03FP-3413003[客房]19.03FP-3413004[客房]19.03FP-3413005[客房]-3009[客房]23.28FP-3413010[套房]23.28FP-3423011[套房]23.28FP-3423012[套房]15.1FP-3423013[客房]-3019[客房]15.1FP-3413020[客房]20.8FP-3413021[客房]78.6FP-3413022[客房]39.2FP-3413023[客房]39.2FP-3414层-7层4001[客房]-4004[客房]19.03FP-3414005[客房]-4011[客房]23.28FP-3414012[客房]-4019[客房]15.1FP-3414020[客房]20.8FP-3414021[客房]-4027[客房]22.1FP-341表4.2风机盘管参数型号机组形式送风量m3/h机外余压Pa马达功率W电源V/Ph/Hz制冷量Kw链接管道尺寸供回冷凝FP-34卧式暗装3403047220/1/501.8DN15DN20FP-51卧式暗装5103062220/1/502.7DN20DN20FP-68卧式暗装6803072220/1/503.6DN20DN20FP-85卧式暗装8503080220/1/504.5DN25DN20FP-102卧式暗装10203092220/1/505.4DN25DN20FP-136卧式暗装136030115220/1/507.2DN25DN20FP-204卧式暗装204030155220/1/5010.8DN32DN254.2．2新风机的选型新风机机组的选型同风机盘管，即通过新风量及新风冷量进行选型，新风机组在各个区域布置一台，参数如表4.3所示。表4.3新风机组参数机组编号新风量m3/h机外余压Pa马达功率W电源V/Ph/Hz制冷量Kw风机类型安装方式台数HDK-0330002100.55220/1/5033.6离心式吊装2HDK-0550002101.039.02HDK-0775003502.047.02

5风系统的设计5.1风管材料和形状的确定风管分为圆形和矩形风管，本设计选用矩形风管，其占的有效空间较小、易于布置、明装较美观，按其材料选用金属风管，易于加工制作、安装方便，具有一定的机械强度和良好的防火性能且气流阻力较小[8]。5.2送、回风管的布置根据本建筑的层高，可充分利用吊顶，在房间的吊顶内放置卧式风机盘管，实现上或侧送风，风口采用方形散流器或百叶风口。5.3气流组织设计以7001客房01为例：=1\*GB2⑴根据客房房间长度为6.1m，得室内平均风速=0.17m/s，对于送冷风情况，=1.2×0.17=0.2m/s＜0.3m/s,说明合适，对于送热风情况，=0.8×0.17=0.136m/s＜0.2m/s.=2\*GB2⑵根据房间的冷负荷及送风温差，计算送风量：==0.19m3/s查《实用供热空调设计手册》表11.9-7找到相近送风量LS=0.19m3/s，=2.11m/s；=3\*GB2⑶对客房来说，百叶风口送风速度2.11m/s是允许的，不会产生较大噪声；=4\*GB2⑷选用颈部尺寸200×200mm的百叶风口，风量在340m3/h时的射程为2.34m，相当于从散流器中心至墙面距离的0.9倍。5.4风管设计5.4．1风道水力计算步骤风道水力计算包括：合理采用管内空气流速以确定风管截面尺寸；计算风系统阻力及选择风机；平衡各支风路的阻力以保证各支风路的风量达到设计值[9]。采用假定流速法进行风道水力计算的步骤如下：=1\*GB2⑴绘制空调系统轴测图，对各段风道进行编号、标注长度和风量；=2\*GB2⑵确定风管内的合理流速。选定流速时，要综合考虑建筑空间、初始投资、运行费用及噪声等因素。查《空调制冷专业课程设计指南》表5-4选取主风道风速为5～6.5m/s，水平支风道风速为3.0～4.5m/s；=3\*GB2⑶根据各风道的风量和流速计算各管段的断面尺寸，使其符合通风管道规格，再算出风道内实际流速[10]；=4\*GB2⑷根据风量L或实际流速v和断面当量直径D查图得到单位长度摩擦阻力Rm[11]；=5\*GB2⑸计算沿程阻力和局部阻力。沿程阻力（5-1）②局部阻力（5-2）③系统总阻力（5-3）5.4．2风机盘管加新风系统的新风管道水力计算以七层为例进行设计计算：分支1的计算表如表5.1和表5.2所示。表5.1分支1最不利路径水力计算表最不利阻力(Pa)79编号G(m3/h)L(m)形状D/W(mm)H(mm)υ(m/s)ΔPy(Pa)ΔPj(Pa)ΔP(Pa)128002.4矩形6302504.941.9401.94227002.17矩形6302504.761.6401.64326001.35矩形5002505.781.60.962.5645003.32矩形1601605.438.717.0425.7454001.94矩形1601205.796.9406.9463005.3矩形1201205.7922.44022.4472002.16矩形1201203.864.3104.3181002.74矩形1201201.931.553.134.6891007.58矩形1201201.934.292.596.87101002.59矩形1201201.931.4601.46表5.2分支1水力计算表编号G(m3/h)L(m)形状D/W(mm)H(mm)υ(m/s)ΔPy(Pa)ΔPj(Pa)ΔP(Pa)128002.4矩形6302504.941.9401.94227002.17矩形6302504.761.6401.64326001.35矩形5002505.781.60.962.5645003.32矩形1601605.438.717.0425.74（续表）编号G(m3/h)L(m)形状D/W(mm)H(mm)υ(m/s)ΔPy(Pa)ΔPj(Pa)ΔP(Pa)54001.94矩形1601205.796.9406.9463005.3矩形1201205.7922.44022.4472002.16矩形1201203.864.3104.3181002.74矩形1201201.931.553.134.6891007.58矩形1201201.934.292.596.87101002.59矩形1201201.931.4601.46111002.92矩形1201201.931.652.884.54121002.92矩形1201201.931.659.411.06131002.92矩形1201201.931.6513.5415.19141002.92矩形1201201.931.659.1510.81521002.47矩形5002504.671.973.555.521620001.89矩形5002504.441.3801.381710000.29矩形4002003.470.180.110.28189003.46矩形4002003.131.7301.73198000.26矩形4001603.470.190.290.48201000.95矩形1201201.930.5411.3811.92211001.88矩形1201201.931.0601.06227001.88矩形4001603.041.081.472.55236004.43矩形3201603.263.150.143.29245002.14矩形2501603.471.910.071.98254004.72矩形2001603.474.7404.74263002.05矩形1601603.262.0802.08272005.25矩形1201203.8610.480.7211.2281001.6矩形1201201.930.913.134.03291002.88矩形1201201.931.6301.63301003.01矩形1201201.931.72.884.59311003.01矩形1201201.931.72.874.58321003.01矩形1201201.931.73.45.1331003.01矩形1201201.931.73.335.03341003.01矩形1201201.931.74.035.73351003.01矩形1201201.931.73.715.42361002.01矩形1201201.931.135.036.17371002.01矩形1201201.931.137.748.883810005.62矩形4002003.473.414.628.02396009.36矩形3201603.266.650.867.51404005.05矩形2001603.475.070.996.06413001.49矩形1601603.261.5101.514201.24矩形1201200000431000.96矩形1201201.930.542.843.38441000.35矩形1201201.930.200.2452000.92矩形1201203.861.840.992.83461001.9矩形1201201.931.070.031.1471001.2矩形1201201.930.680.030.71481002.05矩形1201201.931.163.44.56491001矩形1201201.930.575.446501000.22矩形1201201.930.1200.12511000.81矩形1201201.930.465.445.9521000.22矩形1201201.930.1200.12532001.11矩形1201203.862.227.679.89541001.9矩形1201201.931.070.031.1551001.4矩形1201201.930.790.030.83562000.92矩形1201203.861.847.679.52经校核，最不利环路的阻力损失小于对应的新风机的余压值，故满足最不利点的要求。其它做法同上。

6水系统的设计6.1水系统方案的确定6.1．1两管制水系统的特点两管制水系统是采用同一套供回水管路，冬季供热水、夏季供冷水。由运行人员依据需要实行供热与供冷的转换。系统简单、一次性投资少，但不能同时供冷水和供热水。正因为该设计空调精度要求不是很高，故采用两管制[12]。6.1．2闭式系统的特点=1\*GB2⑴水泵扬程仅需克服循环阻力，与楼层数无关仅取决于管路长度和阻力[13]；=2\*GB2⑵循环水不易受污染，管路腐蚀情况比开式系统好；=3\*GB2⑶需要设回水池，但要设一个膨胀水箱。膨胀水箱尽量接至靠近入口的回水干管。6.1．3同程和异程系统的选择同程式系统供回水干管中的水流方向相同，经过每一管路的长度相等，水量分配调度方便，便于水力平衡，费用高[14]；异程式系统不需设回程管，管道长度较短，管路简单，费用低，水力平衡较困难。本设计客房区域选用同程式系统，其它采用异程系统。6.1．4一次泵变流量系统的选择依据=1\*GB2⑴定水量系统中循环水量为定值，夏季和冬季分别采用两个不同的定水量，一旦负荷变化，调节制冷量和供、回水温度[15]。定水量系统简单，不需要变水量定压控制。通过阀门改变表冷器的水量，用户之间不相互干扰，运行较稳定[16]。缺点是水量均按最大负荷确定的，且最大负荷出现时间很短，即使在最大负荷时，各朝向的峰值也不会在同一时间内出现，因此水泵无效能耗很大。=2\*GB2⑵变流量系统保持供水温度在一定范围内，一旦负荷变化，需改变供水量。变流量系统的负荷越少水泵能耗越少，所以水泵运行能量可大为降低，经济性较高。但需要利用供、回水压差进行流量的控制，自控系统复杂。=3\*GB2⑶本次设计采用一次泵变流量系统，其原理如下：在系统处于设计状态下，所有设备都满负荷运行，压差旁通阀开度为零，这时压差控制器两端接口处的压力差为零。当末端负荷变小时，末端的两通阀关小，使末端设备中冷冻水的流量按比例减少，从而使被调参数保持在设计值范围内。=4\*GB2⑷二次泵变流量系统虽然能节省冷冻水泵的耗电量，但经济性较差，自控要求比较高，所用空间也较大。6.1．5水系统方案的确定本设计采用两管制、闭式、一次泵变流量系统，各层水管同程或异程布置。为保证负荷变化时系统能有效、可靠节能的运行，设置两台冷冻水泵，一用一备；风机盘管供回水管上均设有调节阀，依据负荷的变化灵活的调节[17]。为防止管网因杂质和结垢而造成水路堵塞影响使用，在冷冻回水口上设Y型过滤器。冷冻水管采用焊接钢管，冷凝管采用镀锌钢管，管道保温前刷两道防锈底漆。6.2供回水管路设计计算步骤设计计算步骤如下：=1\*GB2⑴绘制轴测图，并对管段进行编号同时标注出长度和风量。=2\*GB2⑵根据各房间冷负荷，计算管段流量：（6-1）=3\*GB2⑶管径的确定根据假定的流速和确定的流量计算出管径：（6-2）再根据给定的管径规格选定管径，由确定的管径计算出管内的实际流速：（6-3）=4\*GB2⑷阻力计算①沿程阻力计算（6-4）②局部阻力计算（6-5）③总阻力（6-6）6.3供回水水力计算供回水水力计算利用假定流速法，本次设计以四层为例进行设计计算：水力计算结果如表6.1和表6.2所示，各楼层的水力计算表如附录2所示。表6.1分支1最不利路径水力计算表最不利阻力74227Pa最不利环路立管1楼层1编号Q(W)G(kg/h)L(m)D(mm)υ(m/s)R(Pa/m)ΣξΔPy(Pa)ΔPj(Pa)ΔP(Pa)不平衡率V25800.8108.451.554247810200.00%V25800.8108.451.554247810200.00%E1339005830.81.6500.73159.342.225658132583880.00%F43.12500.77175.870.1548305780.00%FG123750064501.75500.81193.210.1339333720.00%FG11402006914.43.01500.87220.720.1664387020.00%FG104200072242.02500.91240.070.1486415270.00%FG9438007533.62.78500.95260.210.1723457680.00%FG8456007843.21.01500.99281.170.1283493320.00%FG7474008152.82.02650.6284.730.1171191900.00%FG6492008462.44.83650.6590.940.1439214600.00%FG55100087720.35650.6797.370.13423570.00%FG4528009081.62.81650.69104.020.1293243170.00%FG37980013725.63.55651.05229.540.1815558700.00%FG28160014035.20.53651.07239.631.51278659920.00%F20.79800.8108.451.5864785640.00%F43.39500.77175.870.1597306270.00%FH123750064501.78500.81193.210.1343333760.00%FH11402006914.42.71500.87220.720.1598386360.00%FH104200072242.3500.91240.070.1552415940.00%FH9438007533.62.8500.95260.210.1729457740.00%FH8456007843.20.73500.99281.170.1205492540.00%FH7474008152.81.99650.6284.730.1169191880.00%FH6492008462.45.13650.6590.940.1467214870.00%FH55100087720.33650.6797.370.13223540.00%FH4528009081.62.54650.69104.020.1264242880.00%FH37980013725.63.83651.05229.540.1879559340.00%FH28160014035.20.25651.07239.63361172917900.00%F20.64800.8108.450700700.00%表6.2立管1楼层四水力计算表最不利阻力72186Pa最有利阻力32701Pa楼层内不平衡率54.70%编号Q(W)G(kg/h)L(m)D(mm)υ(m/s)R(Pa/m)ΣξΔPy(Pa)ΔPj(Pa)ΔP(Pa)不平衡率F20.79800.8108.451.5864785640.00%FG28160014035.20.53651.07239.631.51278659920.00%FG37980013725.63.55651.05229.540.1815558700.00%FG4528009081.62.81650.69104.020.1293243170.00%FG55100087720.35650.6797.370.13423570.00%FG6492008462.44.83650.6590.940.1439214600.00%FG7474008152.82.02650.6284.730.1171191900.00%FG8456007843.21.01500.99281.170.1283493320.00%FG9438007533.62.78500.95260.210.1723457680.00%FG104200072242.02500.91240.070.1486415270.00%FG11402006914.43.01500.87220.720.1664387020.00%FG123750064501.75500.81193.210.1339333720.00%F43.12500.77175.870.1548305780.00%FG142700046447.47500.58103.421.5772257102931.60%F42.89500.5590.771.62632385010.00%FG1672001238.40.06250.56218.721.51323424712.90%FG175400928.82.95250.42127.550.137693850.00%FG183600619.22.61200.5257.150.1672126850.00%FG191800030962.85400.65177.141.55053188230.00%FG20162002786.41.81400.59145.090.1263172800.00%FG21144002476.82.91320.72260.160.1756267820.00%FG22126002167.22.41320.63201.90.1487205060.00%FG23108001857.62.43320.54150.890.1367143820.00%FG24900015481.35320.45107.160.1144101540.00%FG2572001238.41.2250.56218.720.1262162780.00%FG265400928.83.21250.42127.551.64091405500.00%FG273600619.21.85200.5257.151.54751856600.00%FG2845007743250.3590.931.52739136452.70%F20.64800.8108.450700700.00%FH28160014035.20.25651.07239.63361172917900.00%FH37980013725.63.83651.05229.540.1879559340.00%FH4528009081.62.54650.69104.020.1264242880.00%FH55100087720.33650.6797.370.13223540.00%FH6492008462.45.13650.6590.940.1467214870.00%FH7474008152.81.99650.6284.730.1169191880.00%FH8456007843.20.73500.99281.170.1205492540.00%FH9438007533.62.8500.95260.210.1729457740.00%FH104200072242.3500.91240.070.1552415940.00%FH11402006914.42.71500.87220.720.1598386360.00%FH123750064501.78500.81193.210.1343333760.00%F43.39500.77175.870.1597306270.00%（续表）编号Q(W)G(kg/h)L(m)D(mm)υ(m/s)R(Pa/m)ΣξΔPy(Pa)ΔPj(Pa)ΔP(Pa)不平衡率F42.87500.5590.770.1261152750.00%FH1672001238.40.36250.56218.7237846854712.90%FH175400928.82.65250.42127.550.133893470.00%FH183600619.22.64200.5257.150.1678126900.00%FH191800030962.57400.65177.14345663710930.00%FH20162002786.42.09400.59145.090.1303173210.00%FH21144002476.82.61320.72260.160.1678267040.00%FH22126002167.22.69320.63201.90.1543205620.00%FH23108001857.62.46320.54150.890.1371143850.00%FH24900015481.07320.45107.160.1115101250.00%FH2572001238.41.17250.56218.720.1257162730.00%FH265400928.83.51250.42127.550.144794560.00%FH273600619.21.85200.5257.1534753708450.00%FH2845007743.02250.3590.93327518345852.70%E1339005830.81.6500.73159.342.225658132583880.00%E21800309.67.34150.43280.85112062310073306943.40%E31800309.63.92150.43280.8571100306413174146.70%E42700464.47.32200.37150.46111102307633186547.20%E51800309.67.34150.43280.85112062310073306946.40%E61800309.64.64150.43280.8571303306413194349.10%E71800309.67.34150.43280.85112062310073306848.60%E81800309.64.74150.43280.8571331306413197250.80%E91800309.67.34150.43280.85112062310073306949.40%E101800309.67.34150.43280.85112062310073306850.10%E111800309.64.64150.43280.8571303306413194351.90%E121800309.612.13150.43280.8512.2340731116345230.00%E131800309.64.79150.43280.857134630641319877.30%E141800309.67.44150.43280.8511209031007330967.80%E151800309.67.45150.43280.8511209231007330989.60%E161800309.611.38150.43280.8516.5319531510347051.70%E171800309.69.6150.43280.8512.2269631116338120.00%E181800309.65.53150.43280.8511155231007325593.70%E191800309.67.45150.43280.8511209231007330988.90%E201800309.64.74150.43280.8571331306413197113.30%E211800309.67.44150.43280.85112090310073309610.90%E221800309.64.84150.43280.8571359306413200015.60%E231800309.67.45150.43280.85112092310073309815.10%E241800309.67.44150.43280.85112090310073309618.20%E251800309.64.74150.43280.8571331306413197122.20%E261800309.64.77150.43280.8571340306413198026.90%E271800309.65.04150.43280.8571416306413205753.40%E281800309.66.77150.43280.8512.2190231116330180.00%E292700464.45.04200.37150.46775930486312445.40%水系统总阻力包括最不利环路的阻力以及通过环路所有设备的水阻力。因此水系统的总阻力为：=供水管阻力+回水管阻力+供回水立管阻力+冷热水机组的水阻力+空调机组的水阻力+制冷机房内所有阀门、Y型过滤器及冷冻水泵等设备的水阻力=49865+2885+79047+8800+17000=142297Pa，其他楼层同理。6.4冷凝水管道设计6.4．1设计原则机组的运行过程中都会产生一定数量的冷凝水，必须及时予以排走，以保证系统安全有效的运行。排放冷凝水管道的设计，一般采用开式、非满流自流系统[18]。冷凝水管道设计应注意以下事项：=1\*GB2⑴水平管道应保持一定的坡度，且不能有积水部位；=2\*GB2⑵当冷凝水盘位于机组内的负压区段时，凝水盘的出水口处必须设置水封，且水封的出口，需与大气相通；=3\*GB2⑶冷凝水管道宜选用塑料管，不必进行防结露的保温和隔气处理；=4\*GB2⑷冷凝水立管的顶部应与大气相通；=5\*GB2⑸设计和布置冷凝水管路时考虑定期冲洗的可能性。6.4．2管径确定冷凝水管管径的设计如表6.3所示。表6.3凝水管管径选择表盘管冷负荷Q/kW冷凝水管公称直径DN/mm≤7kW207.1～17.6kW2517.7～100kW32101～176kW40177～598kW50599～1055kW801056～1512kW1001513～12462kW1257.1～17.6kW150由于冷凝水管采用聚氯乙烯塑料管，实际公称直径De（mm）应比上表中的大一号。6．4．3水系统安装要求=1\*GB2⑴闭式系统热水管和冷水管设有0.003的坡度，当多管敷设时，坡度最好相同，以便采用共用支架。如因条件限制热水和冷水管道可无坡度敷设，但管内水流速不得小于0.25m/s，在变水量调节时，也应满足条件[19]。=2\*GB2⑵闭式系统在热水和冷水管路的最高点设排气装置。=3\*GB2⑶与水泵接管及大管与小管连接时，应防止气囊产生。大管需由小管排气时，大管与小管的连接应为顶平，以防大管中产生气囊。=4\*GB2⑷系统的最低点设单独放水的设备下部应设带阀门的放水管，并接入地漏或漏斗。作为系统刚开始运行时冲刷管路和管路检修时放水之用。=5\*GB2⑸空调器、风机盘管等的表冷器处于负压段时，其冷凝水的排水管设有水封，且排水管应有不小于0.001的坡度。凝结水管径较大时，最好作圆水封筒。=6\*GB2⑹空调机房内应设地漏，以排出喷水室可能的漏水和凝结水。地面的坡度应向地漏，地面应作防水处理。

7冷热机房设计7.1冷水机组的设计7.1．1冷水机组的设计=1\*GB2⑴电动冷水机组的容量为：（7-1）式中：空调设计负荷，W；A1同时使用系数；A2冷损失系数；A3事故备用数量修正系数；A4综合考虑设备传热以及处理效率降低的系数。=2\*GB2⑵台数的确定从调节灵活、有利于节能等角度，台数多些为好；从设备投资、占地面积及维修管理等方面考虑，台数不宜过多，多数为2~5台。7.1．2冷水机组的选型计算根据式（7-1），冷水机组的总容量为：=0.8×1.1×1.1×412.02=398.9kW拟选用1台螺杆式冷水机组，所选机组具体性能参数如表7.1所示。表7.1离心式冷水机组性能参数压缩机型号数量额定功率使用制冷剂机组尺寸LSBLG420/M螺杆式245kWR134a6250×2190×2450冷凝器水压降（kPa)127蒸发器水压降（kPa)80冷凝器水流量（m3/h)76蒸发器水流量（m3/h)697.2冷冻水泵的选型水泵的选择首先要满足最高运行工况的流量和扬程，使水泵的工作状态点处于高效率范围，并保留一定的富余量；流量较大的情况，可以考虑多台并联运行；空调系统中的水泵，宜一用一备；并在选用时考虑静压对水泵的影响并注明静压值。7.2．1水泵的扬程与流量计算在水泵的设计过程中，依据是水泵的设计运行特性曲线和工况下的管阻力损失，以及它的管路流量工况来选择合适的水泵。本设计水泵扬程的按如下公式计算为：(7-2)式中：水泵实际扬程，mH2O;允许吸上真空高度，mH2O；若水泵比吸水池的水面高，其值为正；若水泵比吸水池的水面低，其值为负；压水高度，mH2O；开放式系统的压水高度是从水泵供水的最高点到轴线间的高度差；闭式系统因为其由相同的回水和供水，故其数值为零；冷水机组内阻力损失，mH2O；机组末端的阻力损失，即为供水余压，mH2O；水系统内总的局部阻力损失与沿程阻力损失，mH2O；以上式计算水泵扬程为18.2m整个空调系统中所需的机组的流量总和为系统的总流量，因此冷冻水总流量的计算为76m3/h得出循环泵的系统冷水总流量和设计扬程之后，在选择水泵时应给水泵的扬程和流量分别加上10%至20%的安全系数，即：=1.2×255=83.6m3/h=1.1×18.2=20.02m7．2．2冷冻水泵选型水泵采用一用一备，总共两台，已知水泵扬程20.02mH2O，水泵流量76m3/h，本系统选用二台卧式离心变频冷冻泵。主要参数如表7.2所示。表7.2冷冻水泵主要参数转速（r/min)流量（m3/h）扬程（mH2O）效率%轴功率电动机功率必需汽蚀余量（m）145075237815.3204进行水泵的配管布置时，应注意以下几点：=1\*GB2⑴安装软性接管：在连接水泵的吸入管和压出管上安装软性接管，有利于降噪。=2\*GB2⑵出口装止回阀：水逆流而时水泵受损。=3\*GB2⑶水泵的吸入管和压出管上应分别设进口阀和出口阀，便于水泵排空系统内的存水，方便检修。=4\*GB2⑷出水管上应装温度计和压力表。若水泵从地位水箱吸水，吸水管上还应该安装真空表。=5\*GB2⑸水泵基础高出地面的高度应小于0.1m，地面应设排水沟。7.3冷却塔选型冷却塔选型的一般原则：=1\*GB2⑴尽量选用低噪音的冷却塔；=2\*GB2⑵考虑到冷却水塔外形有要求时，易选用方形冷却塔；=3\*GB2⑶应合理组织冷却塔的气流形式；=4\*GB2⑷要注意到防火的要求；由设计机组样本中查知冷凝器中冷却水流量为76m3/h，查设备样本选择冷却塔主要参数如表7.3所示。表7.3冷却塔主要参数型号冷却水量风量风机直径进水压力直径BNC100100m3/h25000m3/h1200mm2.15*104Pa2.0m7.4冷却水泵的选型冷却水泵所需的扬程为：（7-3）式中：hd,hf局部阻力和沿程阻力，mH2O；hm冷凝器阻力，mH2O；hs冷却塔中水的提升高度，mH2O；h0冷却塔喷嘴的喷雾压力，mH2O，大约为5mH2O经计算水泵扬程为20.1m。同冷冻水泵的选型：=1.1×76=83.6m3/h=1.15×20.1=23.115m水泵采用一用一备，选用两台型号为B系列的卧式离心变频冷却泵。主要参数如表7.4所示。表7.4冷却水泵主要参数转速流量扬程效率%轴功率电动机功率必需汽蚀余量1450r/min85m3/h25mH2O7517.52147.5膨胀水箱配置与计算在闭式水系统中，系统管道及设备内必须充满水，所以管任一点的压力都应高于大气压，因此闭式水系统需要定压。设计规范(GB50019—2003)中规定：定压点宜设在循环水泵的吸入口处，定压点最低压力应使系统最高点压力高于大气压力5kPa以上；膨胀水箱的底部至少比系统内管路最高点高出1.5m；宜采用高位水箱定位；膨胀管上应设置阀门[20]。本设计采用膨胀水箱定压，膨胀水箱的优点是压力稳定、系统简单，基本不用管理。膨胀水箱的膨胀容积计算：（7-4）式中：水的体积膨胀系数，；最大水温变化值。本次设计中，酒店的建筑面积为：76907m²则=0.0006×5×1.20×5126/1000=0.177m3选用山东水龙王集团生产的落地式膨胀水箱，其型号与性能参数如表7.5所示。表7.5膨胀水箱性能参数型号NZG(P)600设计压力MPa全容积m3调节容积m3使用温度℃0.3～1.60.300.115≤120膨胀水量水泵型号水泵台数水泵扬程≤125SG60-201根据实际需要调节设备外形尺寸1200×612×1950地基尺寸1300×1000×3007.6阀门安装水系统的阀门可采用闸阀、止回阀、球阀，对于大管路可采用蝶阀，选用阀门时，应和系统的承压能力相适应，阀门型号应与连接管管径相同[21]。阀门具有关断和调节作用。当需定量调节流量时，可采用平衡阀。一般在如下位置设阀门：=1\*GB2⑴水泵的进口和出口；压力表的接管上；=2\*GB2⑵系统的总入口、总出口；各分支环路的入口和出口；放水及放气管上；=3\*GB2⑶热交换器、表冷器、加热器、过滤器的进出水管；=4\*GB2⑷自动控制阀双通阀的两端、三通阀的三端，以及为手动运行的旁通阀上。

结论本设计通过空调冷热负荷的计算、空调系统的划分与系统方案的确定、设备选型、风系统设计计算、水系统设计计算后经比较得出结论：因该设计的建筑类型为酒店，所以对内部的空气品质要求较高，但是全水系统和冷剂系统却只能消除室内的余热和余湿，无法达到改良室内空气质量的作用，所以在此次的建筑空调设计时不予选用。经系统方案的比较得出本酒店适合采用风机盘管加新风系统的空调系统形式。风管选用矩形风管，易于加工，安装方便，具有一定的机械强度和良好的防火性能且气流阻力较小。水系统采用两管制、闭式、一次泵变流量系统，水泵的选择首先要满足最高运行工况的流量和扬程，使水泵的工作状态点处于高效率范围，并保留一定的富余量，本次设计水泵采用一用一备，总共两台，选用卧式离心变频冷冻泵。进行水泵的配管布置时安装软性接管，有利于降噪，出口装止回阀并在水泵的吸入管和压出管上应分别设进口阀和出口阀，便于水泵排空系统内的存水，方便检修。本设计采用膨胀水箱定压，压力稳定、系统简单，基本不用管理。这次设计的系统选定仅适用于酒店类建筑，设备选型及具体的机组型号仅适用于同样负荷下的空调系统，由于缺少更多的实践经验，本次的设计有不足之处，日后勤加学习，争取更加完善。

参考文献[1]张国东.中央空调设计及典型案例[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2017.6：34-78[2]姚润明,喻伟,王晗.长江流域建筑供暖空调解决方案和相应系统重点项目研究[J].暖通空调,2018,48(2)：1-9[3]付海明,江阳.建筑环境与设备系统设计实例及问答[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2011.5：113-147[4]闫月鹏.建筑暖通空调系统的节能设计措施探究[J].科技与创新,2015,2(13)：68-69[5]孙一坚.简明通风设计手册[M],第2版.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2016.3：105-120[6]张国东.中央空调设计及典型案例[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2017.6：34-78[7]陈在康,丁力行.空调过程设计与建筑节能[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2015.6：54-68[8]陈超.课程设计·毕业设计指南[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006.1：73-75[9]吴继红，李佐周.中央空调工程设计与施工[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2001.7：31-42[10]付海明.建筑环境与设备工程系统分析及设计[M].上海:东华大学出版社,2015.3：69-85[11]黄翔.空调工程[M].北京:机械工艺出版社,2013.3：29-31[12]龙惟定,白玮,马素贞,范蕊.中国建筑节能现状分析[J].建筑科学,2015,24(10)：22-24[13]马最良，姚杨.民用建筑空调设计[M].北京：化学工业出版社，2015.12：32-33[14]陆耀庆.实用供热空调设计手册[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2001.6：17-22[15]骆艳,魏明华,刘俊跃.空调系统设计综合能效比[J].暖通空调,2011,41(12)：84-90[16]丁帅,孟庆龙,王博闻.变风量空调系统送风管道静压特性的实验研究[J].流体机械,2017,45(1)：66-71[17]刘光大,李念平.暖通空调工程设计方法与系统分析[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2003.1：113-115[18]陆亚俊，马最良，邹平华.暖通空调[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2007.5：43-65[19]赵荣义.简明空调设计手册[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2007.7：86-93[20]TomasNunez,WalterMittelbach,Hans-MartinHenning,Developmentofanadsorptionchillerandheatpumpfordomesticheatingandair-conditioningapplications[J].AppliedThermalEngineering,2005,23(2)：15-18[21]ZhengQianFeng,ChongChaoPan.TheCentralAir-ConditioningEnergySavingSystem[J].AdvancedMaterialsResearch,2016,6(4)：71-79

附录1冷负荷计算表楼层房间面积工程负荷最大值时刻(14点)的各项负荷值最大负荷总冷负荷新风冷负荷总湿负荷新风湿负荷总冷指标新风冷指标总湿指标新风量m2WWkg/hkg/hW/m2W/m2kg/hm2m3/hW1层1001[银行外]6510835.55120.16.474.7166.778.80.1100010835.531002[银行内]109.016668.425603.232.361.223.50.035008952.751003[酒楼大堂]361.8231253.315360.220.811486.442.50.06300031939.631004[服务台]47.882318.300.27048.400.0102691.561005[财务室]10.612180.25120.650.5205.548.30.061002532.391006[商务中心]8.041356.95120.650.5168.863.70.081002595.0224064.32层2001[餐厅]590.2312122576800.997.0270.2205.4130.10.1615000121906.532002[厨房]67.9531320.725600.325.4823.4460.9376.80.37500031359.94102401.23层300119.031416.95120.570.574.526.90.031001786.4300219.031411.35120.570.574.226.90.031001774.5300319.031584.75120.570.583.326.90.031002143.53300419.031394.55120.570.573.326.90.031001738.79300523.282798.25120.570.5120.2220.021003176.11300623.281860.85120.570.579.9220.021002065.92300723.281860.85120.570.579.9220.021002065.92300823.281860.85120.570.579.9220.021002065.92300923.281860.85120.570.579.9220.021002065.92301023.282145.95120.570.592.2220.021002350.97301123.282382.85120.570.5102.4220.021003278.25301215.11275.25120.570.584.533.90.041002159.86301315.11294.35120.570.585.733.90.041001295.99301415.11245.75120.570.582.533.90.041001247.39301515.11152.15120.570.576.333.90.041001153.82301615.11289.95120.570.585.433.90.041001291.65301715.11152.15120.570.576.333.90.041001153.82301815.11286.15120.570.585.233.90.041001287.79301915.11286.15120.570.585.233.90.041001287.79302020.81236.25120.570.559.424.60.031002120.84302178.63459.610241.040.944130.012004618.65302239.22076.810241.040.95326.10.032002084.84302339.22266.810241.040.957.826.10.032002272.6313312（续表）房间面积总冷负荷新风冷负荷总湿负荷新风湿负荷总冷指标新风冷指标总湿指标新风量最大负荷4层-7层400119.031416.95120.570.574.526.90.031001786.4400219.031411.35120.570.574.226.90.031001774.5400319.031584.75120.570.583.326.90.031002143.53400419.031394.55120.570.573.326.90.031001738.79400523.282798.25120.570.5120.2220.021003176.11400623.281860.85120.570.579.9220.021002065.92400723.281860.85120.570.579.9220.021002065.92400823.281860.85120.570.579.9220.021002065.92400923.281860.85120.570.579.9220.021002065.92401023.282145.95120.570.592.2220.021002350.97401123.282382.85120.570.5102.4220.021003278.25401215.11275.25120.570.584.533.90.041002159.86401315.11294.35120.570.585.733.90.041001295.99401415.11245.75120.570.582.533.90.041001247.39401515.11152.15120.570.576.333.90.041001153.82401615.11289.95120.570.585.433.90.041001291.65401715.11152.15120.570.576.333.90.041001153.82401815.11286.15120.570.585.233.90.041001287.79401915.11286.15120.570.585.233.90.041001287.79402020.81236.25120.570.559.424.60.031002120.84402122.11493.45120.570.567.623.20.031002200.48402222.11270.85120.570.557.523.20.031001276402322.11270.85120.570.557.523.20.031001276402422.11185.75120.570.553.723.20.031001188.14402522.11180.35120.570.553.423.20.031001182.55402622.11428.65120.570.564.623.20.031001431.63402722.11180.35120.570.553.423.20.031001182.5513824工程合计3939.7412019195074.3230.95178.4104.649.50.0638100412019

附录2水力计算表表8.1一层水管水力计算系统最不利环路水力计算表最不利阻力70523Pa最不利环路立管1楼层1编号Q(W)G(kg/h)L(m)D(mm)υ(m/s)R(Pa/m)ΣξΔPy(Pa)ΔPj(Pa)ΔP(Pa)不平衡率VG192000158245800.85123.131.561654611620.00%VH192000158245800.85123.131.561654611620.00%E1056000963216.58650.74116.362.2192956840587690.00%FG106320010870.412.58650.83146.631.5184451923630.00%FG38570014740.43.94800.79107.490.1424324550.00%FG29020015514.48.27800.84118.551.598052515050.00%FG192000158241.21800.8512300%FH106320010870.412.58650.83146.631.5184451923630.00%FH38570014740.43.94800.79107.490.1424324550.00%FH29020015514.48.27800.84118.553980104920290.00%FH192000158240.91800.8512300%表8.2立管1立管管段水力计算表立管总阻力70523Pa最不利楼层楼层1编号Q(W)G(kg/h)L(m)D(mm)υ(m/s)R(Pa/m)ΣξΔPy(Pa)ΔPj(Pa)ΔP(Pa)不平衡率VG192000158245800.85123.131.561654611620.00%VH192000158245800.85123.131.561654611620.00%表8.3立管1楼层1水力计算表最不利环路阻力68200Pa最有利阻力35844Pa楼层不平衡率47.40%编号Q(W)G(kg/h)L(m)D(mm)υ(m/s)R(Pa/m)ΣξΔPy(Pa)ΔPj(Pa)ΔP(Pa)不平衡率FG192000158241.21800.8512300%FG29020015514.48.27800.84118.551.598052515050.00%FG38570014740.43.94800.79107.490.1424324550.00%FG42250038700.88400.81270.980.12393327235.60%FG5189003250.83.43400.68194.351.666737410410.00%FG6108001857.61.83320.54150.8932765047800.10%FG772001238.45.21250.56218.720.111391611550.00%FG881001393.26.21250.63273.231.5169729619930.00%FG95400928.86250.42127.551.67661849500.00%FG106320010870.412.58650.83146.631.5184451923630.00%FG1172001238.410.28250.56218.724.52248781302935.40%FG1245007746.17250.3590.931.55619165248.00%FH192000158240.91800.8512300%FH29020015514.48.27800.84118.553980104920290.00%（续表）编号Q(W)G(kg/h)L(m)D(mm)υ(m/s)R(Pa/m)ΣξΔPy(Pa)ΔPj(Pa)ΔP(Pa)不平衡率FH38570014740.43.94800.79107.490.1424324550.00%FH42250038700.28400.81270.980.1763310935.60%FH5189003250.84.03400.68194.350.1783238070.00%FH6108001857.61.83320.54150.894.52767199950.10%FH772001238.45.21250.56218.720.111391611550.00%FH881001393.26.04250.63273.233165059322420.00%FH95400928.86.17250.42127.551.67881849720.00%FH106320010870.412.58650.83146.631.5184451923630.00%FH1172001238.410.82250.56218.7232367546291435.40%FH1245007745.99250.3590.931.55459163648.00%E13600619.211.78200.5257.1512.2302931505345340.00%E23600619.23.13200.5257.151180431357321616.90%E33600619.23.13200.5257.1511804313573216112.70%E42700464.411.1200.37150.4612.2167030846325160.00%E52700464.42.43200.37150.461136530763311284.30%E62700464.41.74200.37150.467262304863074710.70%E73600619.22.7200.5257.1511695313573205220.90%E83600619.23.52200.5257.154.590630555314611.70%E93600619.25.63200.5257.154.5144830555320030.00%E1056000963216.58650.74116.362.2192956840587690.00%E111800309.65.09150.43280.858.2142830750321790.00%E122700464.46.38200.37150.46795930486314452.30%E131800309.614.5150.43280.8516.54073315103558247.60%表8.4一层新风分支1最不利路径水力计算表最不利阻力(Pa)40编号G(m3/h)L(m)形状D/W(mm)H(mm)υ(m/s)ΔPy(Pa)ΔPj(Pa)ΔP(Pa)149001.47矩形8003205.321.0101.01239001.69矩形6303205.371.301.3329003.77矩形5003205.032.8502.85419007.54矩形3203205.157.60.387.98514001.67矩形3202504.861.7701.77610000.27矩形3201605.430.521.8322.34710001.23矩形3201605.432.2602.26表8.5分支1水力计算表编号G(m3/h)L(m)形状D/W(mm)H(mm)υ(m/s)ΔPy(Pa)ΔPj(Pa)ΔP(Pa)149001.47矩形8003205.321.0101.01239001.69矩形6303205.371.301.3（续表）编号G(m3/h)L(m)形状D/W(mm)H(mm)υ(m/s)ΔPy(Pa)ΔPj(Pa)ΔP(Pa)329003.77矩形5003205.032.8502.85419007.54矩形3203205.157.60.387.98514001.67矩形3202504.861.7701.77610000.27矩形3201605.430.521.8322.34710001.23矩形3201605.432.2602.2684005.17矩形2001603.475.196.2211.4293002.25矩形1601603.262.2902.29101001.58矩形1201201.930.893.44.29115008.86矩形2501603.477.927.6515.571210005.9矩形4002003.473.585.669.2413100010.91矩形4002003.476.628.4615.081410002.58矩形4002003.471.567.729.28表8.6分支1平衡分析表编号不平衡率总阻力(Pa)并联最不利阻力(Pa)平衡阀阻力(Pa)20.00%38.538.5030.00%37.237.201359.50%15.0837.222.12表8.7二层水管系统最不利环路水力计算表最不利阻力78776Pa最不利环路立管1楼层1编号Q(W)G(kg/h)L(m)D(mm)υ(m/s)R(Pa/m)ΣξΔPy(Pa)ΔPj(Pa)ΔP(Pa)不平衡率VG121390036790.851001.18165.51.5827104518730.00%VH121390036790.851001.18165.51.5827104518730.00%E55600096324.97650.74116.362.257856840574190.00%FG960500104064.12650.8134.880.1555325870.00%FG869500119544.43650.91175.940.1779428210.00%FG778500135024.3651.03222.390.19565310100.00%FG683000142760.05800.77101.111.554444500.00%FG5148000254561.791000.8281.441.61465346800.00%FG41525002623010.711000.8486.251.592453114550.00%FG121390036790.86.531001.18165.51.261081278738680.00%FH960500104063.52650.8134.880.1474325060.00%FH869500119544.43650.91175.940.1779428210.00%FH778500135024.3651.03222.390.19565310100.00%FH683000142760.65800.77101.113668899550.00%FH5148000254561.961000.8281.440.1160331930.00%FH41525002623010.541000.8486.251.590953114400.00%FH121390036790.86.231001.18165.51.261031278738180.00%表8.8立管1立管管段水力计算表立管总阻力78776Pa最不利楼层楼层1编号Q(W)G(kg/h)L(m)D(mm)υ(m/s)R(Pa/m)ΣξΔPy(Pa)ΔPj(Pa)ΔP(Pa)不平衡率VG121390036790.851001.18165.51.5827104518730.00%VH121390036790.851001.18165.51.582710451