郑州枫杨外国语八年级上学期第一次月考试卷英语试卷及答案

郑州枫杨外国语八年级上学期第一次月考试卷英语试卷及答案河南省郑州枫杨外国语学校2021-2022学年八年级上学期第一次月考英语试卷（含答案与解析）一、阅读理解阅读下面四篇语言材料，然后按文后要求做题。根据材料内容选择最佳答案。1．（10分）YouarewhatyoueatKeepingbettereatinghabitscanhelpyoureduce（减少）illnesses.Ahealthyeatingplanmeanschoosingtherightfoodstoeatandpreparingfoodsinahealthyway._________Doyouoftenchangeyourtoothbrush？Maybeyouthinkitisnotnecessary.Astudyshowsoldtoothbrushesbringdiseases.Youshouldoftenchangeyourtoothbrush.ExerciseSwimming，running，skating，skiing，dancing，walkingandsomeotheractivitiescanhelpyoustayhealthy.Youshouldexerciseatleastthreetimesaweekandfortwentyminutesormoreeachtime.Doit.PlanoutyourlifeYoushouldhavebreakfastbeforeyougotoschool.Havearightmealforlunch.Followahealthydiet.（1）Whatisthebesttitleforthesecondpart？A.Changemeanseverything.B.Afamousstudy.C.Changeyourtoothbrush.D.Yourbathroom.（2）ThefollowingactivitycanhelpuskeephealthyEXCEPT.A.swimmingB.skatingC.eatingD.dancing（3）Fromthepassage，weknowcanhelpusstayhealthy.A.arightdietandmuchfoodB.anexpensivetoothbrushandexerciseC.sleepandexerciseD.arightdietandexercise（4）Whatdoesahealthyeatingplanmean？A.Choosingtherightfoodsandcookingthemhealthily.B.Cookingthehealthyfoodsindifferentways.C.Nevereatingmuchmeatorfreshvegetables.D.Eatingalotoffruitsandvegetableseveryday.（5）Whereisthepassageprobablyfrom？A.Astorybook.B.Amagazine.C.Aguidebook.D.Anadvertisement.2．（10分）LastSundaymyparents，didnotworkandtheydecidedtotakemybrotherandmetoDisneylandonvacation.Inthemorning，mybrotherandIgotuplateandwedidn'thavetimetoeatbreakfast.Soweorderedtwoglassesofmilkforbreakfastbeforeheadingout（离开）fortheday.Webothtooktwosips（一小口）ofmilkandthenstoppedbecauseittastedterrible.Mymomdidn'tbelieveusandmadeusdrinkallofitbecauseitwas＄6aglass.OnthedrivetoDisneylandIstartedfeelingreallyill，butmyparentsthoughtIwasjustcarsickandgavemeasickbag.Ithrewup（呕吐）everywhere.Thenmybrotherdid.Wefeltbadsowedidn'twanttovisitDisneylandatall.Weonlysatontheseatunderthetree.IsawmanychildrenplayhappilybutIfeltsad.Whenwegotbacktoourcarintheevening，mybrothersleptonthebackseatandmymotherhadtolookafterhimallthetime.Whataterribledayitwas!（1）HowdidtheygotoDisneylandonvacation？A.Bytrain.B.Bycar.C.Bybus.D.Byplane.（2）Howmuchdidtheyspendonthemilk？.A.＄6B.＄10C.＄12D.＄18（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"carsick"meaninChinese？.A.洗车B.卖车C.看车D.晕车（4）WhatdidthewriterdoinDisneyland？A.Hesatontheseat.B.Heplayedwithfamily.C.Heatelunch.D.Hesawsomeanimalsplay.（5）Fromthepassagewecanknow.A.theywenttoDisneylandlastmonthB.thewriter'smotherthoughtthemilkwasexpensiveC.thewriter'smomthoughtthevacationwasinterestingD.thewriterfeltbadwhentheygotbackfromDisneylandatnoon3．（10分）Fewstudentslikeit，buthomeworkisanimportantpartofsecondaryschoollifeintheUK.TheUKhasthesegovernmentguidelines（指导方针）forhomework：Years7and8（ages11to13）：45to90minutesperday；Year9（ages14to15）：1to2hoursaday.Today，manyhomeworktasksaredoneonacomputer—forexample，preparingpresentations（报告），searchingforinformationordoingonlinetasks.Soschoolsareusuallyopenbeforeandafterregularclasses.Thisway，studentswithoutcomputersorinternetathomecanusetheschools'facilities（设施）.Sometimesstudentsaregiven'extendedlearningtasks'.Thismeanstheyneedtodomoreresearchandanalysis（分析），suchaswhenworkingonahistoryorartproject.Butnomatterhowbigthetaskis，teacherswillalwaysgivefeedback（反馈）.Theyhelpstudentsfindareaswheretheycanimprove.Mostschoolssendstudentshomewithahomeworkdiary.Theyencourageparentstocheckontheirchildren'sprogress.Otherschoolshavee﹣portal（门户网站）thatparentscanusetotrack（追踪）theirchildren'sperformanceeveryday.Sadly，noteveryparenttakesthatmuchinterest.Ina2011surveyof1，000studentsaged11to18，overonein10saidthattheydidnothavespaceathometodohomework.Almost15percentsaidthattheirfamilydidnotsupportthemenough.（1）IntheUK，a7thgradermightspendontheirhomeworkeveryday.A.60to100minutesB.45to90minutesC.90to120minutesD.60to120minutes（2）Whatkindofhomeworkdoesn'tneedtobedoneoncomputers？A.Preparingpresentations.B.Finishingatest.C.Searchingforinformation.D.Doingonlinetasks.（3）The'extendedlearningtasks'aretasksthat.A.needmoreresearchandanalysisB.takestudentslesstimetolearnC.requirestudentstomakechoicesD.areonlyrelatedtohistoryorart（4）IntheUK，parentsusuallychecktheirchildren'sprogressby.A.readingtheirchildren'shomeworkdiaryB.visitingtheirschoolsC.askingateacherD.askingtheirchild（5）Whatisthemainideaofthepassage？A.HomeworkforsecondarystudentsintheUKisdifficult.B.ComputersarenecessaryforsecondarystudentsintheUK.C.HomeworkisimportantforsecondarystudentsintheUK.D.Parentsplayabigroleinhelpingstudentswiththeirhomework.4．（10分）"What!You，too？IthoughtIwastheonlyone."Haveyoueversaidthistosomeone？Ifso，youmayhaveendedupbecomingfriendswiththisperson.（1）TheGreekphilosopher（哲学家）Aristotleoncesaid，"Somedefine（下定义）it[friendship]asamatterofsimilarity；theysaythatwelovethosewhoarelikeourselves."（2）ScientistsfromUniversityofCaliforniasaidfriendshavesimilarbrains，ScientificAmericanreported.（3）Eachstudentwatchedthesamesetofvideos，whichincludedacomedy，adebate（讨论）andasoccermatch.Meanwhile，scientistsscanned（扫描）theirbrainsandrecordedtheirbrainactivity.Accordingtotheirscans，friendswhowatchedthesamevideoclipsreactedinsimilarways.Similarpartsoftheirbrainslitupwhilewatchingthevideos，especiallypartsthatareconnectedwithmotivation（动力），learningandmemory.（4）"Havingclosefriendswhosebrainsreactlikeoursmayberewarding（有益的）becauseitreinforces（加强）one'sownvalues，opinions，andinterests，"leadscientistCarolynParkinsontoldBusinessInsider.（5）ScientistsfromtheUniversityofLeipzig，Germany，foundthatfriendshipisalsobasedonhowphysicallycloseyouaretosomeone.Theydidanexperimentwithfirst﹣yearcollegestudentswhometinclassforthefirsttime.Inthisexperiment，studentswhosatinneighboringseatsweremorelikelytobecomefriends.根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使短文意思通顺、内容完整。A.However，peoplewhoweren'tfriendshaddifferentreactionstothesameclips.B.Now，thereissomesciencebehindthisidea.C.Butbrainsimilarityisnottheonlythingthatcanresultinfriendship.D.Thescientistsinvited42universitystudentstotakepartinanexperiment.E.Itseemsthatsimilaritiesoftenhelpformfriendships.二、完形填空先通读短文，掌握其大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个可以填入相应空白处的最佳答案。5．（15分）Itisveryimportanttostayhealthy.Ihaveaneighbor.Sheisanoldlady.Shecandoallthehousework，（1）newspapers，watchTVandsearchontheInternettolearnsomethingnew.Ioftenseeher（2）taijiinthemorninganddanceintheevening.Shelooksyoungandbeautiful（3）sheisoverseventy.Lastweekareporterfromamagazineinterviewedherandasked（4）shekeptsoyoungandhealthy.（5）repliedwithasmile：Ihaveasecretofstaying（6）andhealthy.Itisquite（7）.Keepyourmindactive，takeaninterestintheworld（8）___you，andlearnatleastonenewthingeveryday.Trytododifferentkindsofhouseworkanddosportsas（9）asyoucan.Don'tthinkyouaretoooldtogobackto（10）.Iknowamanwhoenteredamedicalcollege（11）hewas70yearsold.He（12）therefor6yearsandnowheisadoctor.Anothermanwenttoatennisschoolattheageof71andnowheisgoodat（13）tennis.Somepeoplemaysaystayingyoungis（14）onlyforthosewholiveinthefuture.Infact，nomatterhowoldyouare，youcanmakeit.Pleasetellthestorytoyourfamily.Itwouldbeagoodstartto（15）thelady'sexample.Ihopeallpeoplewillstayyoungandhealthy.（1）A.lookB.readC.seeD.watch（2）A.doB.makeC.eatD.drive（3）A.asB.soC.althoughD.because（4）A.whatB.whyC.whoD.how（5）A.IB.YouC.HeD.She（6）A.oldB.youngC.beautifulD.bored（7）A.earlyB.wonderfulC.simpleD.late（8）A.underB.aroundC.belowD.between（9）A.neverB.alwaysC.hardlyD.often（10）A.diaryB.differenceC.schoolD.dance（11）A.whereB.whenC.butD.since（12）A.studiedB.wentC.hadD.made（13）A.buyingB.losingC.ridingD.playing（14）A.easyB.difficultC.differentD.funny（15）A.followB.seemC.makeD.bring三、词语运用第一节阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。6．（10分）than，hardly，dentist，much，decide，magazine，almost，none，however，inJanehasalotofgoodhabits.Shealwaysexercises（1）themorning.Sheofteneatsvegetablesandfruit.She（2）evereatssweetfood.Herteetharegoodandsheneverneedstogotoseethe（3）.（4），shehassomebadhabits，too.SheoftenwatchesTVfor（5）thantwohoursaday.Andshespends（6）alltheweekendtimereading（7）forfunanddoesn'tdoherhomework.（8）ofherfamilyarehappywithherbecausetheresultsofhertestsareoftenless（9）60points.Jane（10）tochangefromnowon.第二节阅读短文，根据语篇要求填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。7．（5分）LastSunday，itwassnowy.Mariastayed（1）home.HercousinCaracame（2）visither.ShecamebackfromBeijing.ShetoldMariasomethingabouthervacation."Itwasprettygood，"shesaid.CaravisitedthePalaceMuseumand（3）GreatWall.Shetookalotofphotos.Itwaslunchtime，butMaria'sparentsweren'tathome.Sotheydecidedtocookby（4）.Mariacookedsomenoodleswithsomeeggsandtomatoes.AfterCaraateupthenoodles，shesaidslowly，"Ithinkitisdelicious!"（5）Mariathoughtthefoodwasawful（很坏的）andshesaid，"Cara，thankyou，butIputtoomuchsalt."四、补全对话根据下面的对话情景，选择能填入每个空白处的适当选项，使对话的意思连贯、完整。注意：方框中有两个多余选项。8．（10分）（KellyandAnnaaretalkingabouttheirvacation.）Kelly：Hi，Anna.（1）Anna：IwenttoTian'anmenSquare.Kelly：Wow，didyouseetheflag﹣raisingceremony（升旗仪式）？Anna：Ofcourse!（2）Allthepeoplearoundcheeredwhentheflaggottothetop.Kelly：Itmustbequitedifferenttowatchthere.Anna：Youareright!（3）Thisoneisforyou!Kelly：Really？Youaresokind!Thankyou!（4）.Anna：Myfather.Whataboutyou？Whatdidyoudoduringthevacation？Kelly：（5）Youknow，ItriedtoohardinthesportsmeetingbeforeNationalDay.Anna：Ha﹣ha!Youdid!A.Whodidyougowith？B.Ijuststayedathometorest.C.Ifeltsoexcitedatthatmoment.D.Weboughtquiteafewgifts.E.Howdidyoudoit？F.Didyougowithyourfather？G.WheredidyougoonNationalDay？五、书面表达（20分）9．（20分）以"MyUnforgettableTrip"为题，用英语写一篇短文，描述你过去的一次旅行经历，并简要说明这次旅行令你难忘的理由。词数：80词左右。要求：（1）文中不得出现真实的人名、校名：（2）可结合实际情况适当发挥。_________________________________

河南省郑州枫杨外国语学校2021-2022学年八年级上学期第一次月考英语试卷参考答案与试题解析一、阅读理解阅读下面四篇语言材料，然后按文后要求做题。根据材料内容选择最佳答案。1．（10分）YouarewhatyoueatKeepingbettereatinghabitscanhelpyoureduce（减少）illnesses.Ahealthyeatingplanmeanschoosingtherightfoodstoeatandpreparingfoodsinahealthyway._________Doyouoftenchangeyourtoothbrush？Maybeyouthinkitisnotnecessary.Astudyshowsoldtoothbrushesbringdiseases.Youshouldoftenchangeyourtoothbrush.ExerciseSwimming，running，skating，skiing，dancing，walkingandsomeotheractivitiescanhelpyoustayhealthy.Youshouldexerciseatleastthreetimesaweekandfortwentyminutesormoreeachtime.Doit.PlanoutyourlifeYoushouldhavebreakfastbeforeyougotoschool.Havearightmealforlunch.Followahealthydiet.（1）Whatisthebesttitleforthesecondpart？CA.Changemeanseverything.B.Afamousstudy.C.Changeyourtoothbrush.D.Yourbathroom.（2）ThefollowingactivitycanhelpuskeephealthyEXCEPTC.A.swimmingB.skatingC.eatingD.dancing（3）Fromthepassage，weknowDcanhelpusstayhealthy.A.arightdietandmuchfoodB.anexpensivetoothbrushandexerciseC.sleepandexerciseD.arightdietandexercise（4）Whatdoesahealthyeatingplanmean？AA.Choosingtherightfoodsandcookingthemhealthily.B.Cookingthehealthyfoodsindifferentways.C.Nevereatingmuchmeatorfreshvegetables.D.Eatingalotoffruitsandvegetableseveryday.（5）Whereisthepassageprobablyfrom？BA.Astorybook.B.Amagazine.C.Aguidebook.D.Anadvertisement.【分析】这篇短文主要讲述了生活中一些保持健康的良好习惯。【解答】（1）细节推理题。根据表格中Doyouoftenchangeyourtoothbrush？Maybeyouthinkitisnotnecessary.Astudyshowsoldtoothbrushesbringdiseases.Youshouldoftenchangeyourtoothbrush.（你经常换牙刷吗？也许你觉得没必要。一项研究表明，旧牙刷会带来疾病。你应该经常更换牙刷。）可知，第二段的标题应为，更换牙刷。故选C。（2）细节判断题。根据表格中Swimming，running，skating，skiing，dancing，walkingandsomeotheractivitiescanhelpyoustayhealthy.（游泳、跑步、滑冰、滑雪、跳舞、散步和其他一些活动可以帮助您保持健康。）可知，吃，没有提及。故选C。（3）细节理解题。根据表格中Keepingbettereatinghabitscanhelpyoureduceillnesses.（保持良好的饮食习惯可以帮助您减少疾病。）以及Swimming，running，skating，skiing，dancing，walkingandsomeotheractivitiescanhelpyoustayhealthy.（游泳、跑步、滑冰、滑雪、跳舞、散步和其他一些活动可以帮助您保持健康。）可知，正确的饮食和锻炼可以帮助我们保持健康。故选D。（4）推理判断题。根据表格中Ahealthyeatingplanmeanschoosingtherightfoodstoeatandpreparingfoodsinahealthyway.（健康的饮食计划意味着选择正确的食物并以健康的方式准备食物。）可知，健康的饮食计划是选择合适的食物和健康的烹饪方式。故选A。（5）文章来源题。根据表格中Keepingbettereatinghabitscanhelpyoureduceillnesses.Ahealthyeatingplanmeanschoosingtherightfoodstoeatandpreparingfoodsinahealthyway.（保持更好的饮食习惯可以帮助您减少疾病。健康的饮食计划意味着选择正确的食物并以健康的方式准备食物。）结合全文内容，主要讲述了生活中一些保持健康的良好习惯。可知，本文可能来源于杂志。故选B。【点评】首先通读全文，了解文章的主旨大意，再结合问题，定位到文中相应的内容，最终做出正确的选择。2．（10分）LastSundaymyparents，didnotworkandtheydecidedtotakemybrotherandmetoDisneylandonvacation.Inthemorning，mybrotherandIgotuplateandwedidn'thavetimetoeatbreakfast.Soweorderedtwoglassesofmilkforbreakfastbeforeheadingout（离开）fortheday.Webothtooktwosips（一小口）ofmilkandthenstoppedbecauseittastedterrible.Mymomdidn'tbelieveusandmadeusdrinkallofitbecauseitwas＄6aglass.OnthedrivetoDisneylandIstartedfeelingreallyill，butmyparentsthoughtIwasjustcarsickandgavemeasickbag.Ithrewup（呕吐）everywhere.Thenmybrotherdid.Wefeltbadsowedidn'twanttovisitDisneylandatall.Weonlysatontheseatunderthetree.IsawmanychildrenplayhappilybutIfeltsad.Whenwegotbacktoourcarintheevening，mybrothersleptonthebackseatandmymotherhadtolookafterhimallthetime.Whataterribledayitwas!（1）HowdidtheygotoDisneylandonvacation？BA.Bytrain.B.Bycar.C.Bybus.D.Byplane.（2）Howmuchdidtheyspendonthemilk？C.A.＄6B.＄10C.＄12D.＄18（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"carsick"meaninChinese？D.A.洗车B.卖车C.看车D.晕车（4）WhatdidthewriterdoinDisneyland？AA.Hesatontheseat.B.Heplayedwithfamily.C.Heatelunch.D.Hesawsomeanimalsplay.（5）FromthepassagewecanknowB.A.theywenttoDisneylandlastmonthB.thewriter'smotherthoughtthemilkwasexpensiveC.thewriter'smomthoughtthevacationwasinterestingD.thewriterfeltbadwhentheygotbackfromDisneylandatnoon【分析】短文主要讲述了作者糟糕的一天。【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据OnthedrivetoDisneylandIstartedfeelingreallyill，（在开车去迪斯尼乐园的路上，我开始感觉很不舒服，）可推理出，他们开车去迪斯尼乐园度假。故选B。（2）推理判断题。根据Webothtooktwosips（一小口）ofmilkandthenstoppedbecauseittastedterrible.Mymomdidn'tbelieveusandmadeusdrinkallofitbecauseitwas＄6aglass.（我们都喝了两小口牛奶，然后停了下来，因为味道很糟糕。我妈妈不相信我们，让我们喝了所有的牛奶，因为每杯6美元。）可推理出，他们买牛奶花了12美元。故选C。（3）词义猜测题。根据OnthedrivetoDisneylandIstartedfeelingreallyill，butmyparentsthoughtIwasjustcarsickandgavemeasickbag.（在开车去迪斯尼乐园的路上，我开始感觉很不舒服，但我父母认为我只是……了，给了我一个呕吐袋。）可猜测出，下划线单词的意思应是"晕车"。故选D。（4）细节理解题。根据Weonlysatontheseatunderthetree.（我们只坐在树下的座位上。）可知，作者在迪斯尼乐园只是坐在树下的座位上。故选A。（5）推理判断题。根据Mymomdidn'tbelieveusandmadeusdrinkallofitbecauseitwas＄6aglass.（我妈妈不相信我们，让我们喝了所有的牛奶，因为每杯6美元。）可推理出，作者的母亲认为牛奶很贵。故选B。【点评】通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。3．（10分）Fewstudentslikeit，buthomeworkisanimportantpartofsecondaryschoollifeintheUK.TheUKhasthesegovernmentguidelines（指导方针）forhomework：Years7and8（ages11to13）：45to90minutesperday；Year9（ages14to15）：1to2hoursaday.Today，manyhomeworktasksaredoneonacomputer—forexample，preparingpresentations（报告），searchingforinformationordoingonlinetasks.Soschoolsareusuallyopenbeforeandafterregularclasses.Thisway，studentswithoutcomputersorinternetathomecanusetheschools'facilities（设施）.Sometimesstudentsaregiven'extendedlearningtasks'.Thismeanstheyneedtodomoreresearchandanalysis（分析），suchaswhenworkingonahistoryorartproject.Butnomatterhowbigthetaskis，teacherswillalwaysgivefeedback（反馈）.Theyhelpstudentsfindareaswheretheycanimprove.Mostschoolssendstudentshomewithahomeworkdiary.Theyencourageparentstocheckontheirchildren'sprogress.Otherschoolshavee﹣portal（门户网站）thatparentscanusetotrack（追踪）theirchildren'sperformanceeveryday.Sadly，noteveryparenttakesthatmuchinterest.Ina2011surveyof1，000studentsaged11to18，overonein10saidthattheydidnothavespaceathometodohomework.Almost15percentsaidthattheirfamilydidnotsupportthemenough.（1）IntheUK，a7thgradermightspendBontheirhomeworkeveryday.A.60to100minutesB.45to90minutesC.90to120minutesD.60to120minutes（2）Whatkindofhomeworkdoesn'tneedtobedoneoncomputers？BA.Preparingpresentations.B.Finishingatest.C.Searchingforinformation.D.Doingonlinetasks.（3）The'extendedlearningtasks'aretasksthatA.A.needmoreresearchandanalysisB.takestudentslesstimetolearnC.requirestudentstomakechoicesD.areonlyrelatedtohistoryorart（4）IntheUK，parentsusuallychecktheirchildren'sprogressbyA.A.readingtheirchildren'shomeworkdiaryB.visitingtheirschoolsC.askingateacherD.askingtheirchild（5）Whatisthemainideaofthepassage？CA.HomeworkforsecondarystudentsintheUKisdifficult.B.ComputersarenecessaryforsecondarystudentsintheUK.C.HomeworkisimportantforsecondarystudentsintheUK.D.Parentsplayabigroleinhelpingstudentswiththeirhomework.【分析】这篇材料介绍了英国学生作业的情况。【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据Years7and8（ages11to13）：45to90minutesperday（7至8年级（11至13岁）：每天45至90分钟）可知每天45至90分钟，故选B。（2）细节理解题。根据Today，manyhomeworktasksaredoneonacomputer—forexample，preparingpresentations（报告），searchingforinformationordoingonlinetasks.（今天，许多家庭作业都是在计算机上完成的，例如，准备报告、搜索信息或在线任务。）可知不包括完成考试，故选B。（3）细节理解题。根据Thismeanstheyneedtodomoreresearchandanalysis（分析），suchaswhenworkingonahistoryorartproject.（这意味着他们需要做更多的研究和分析，比如在从事历史或艺术项目时。）可知是需要做更多的研究和分析，故选A。（4）细节理解题。根据Mostschoolssendstudentshomewithahomeworkdiary.Theyencourageparentstocheckontheirchildren'sprogress.（大多数学校都会送学生回家写作业日记。他们鼓励父母检查孩子的进步。）可知是通过学生回家写作业日记，故选A。（5）细节理解题。根据Fewstudentslikeit，buthomeworkisanimportantpartofsecondaryschoollifeintheUK.（很少有学生喜欢家庭作业，但在英国，家庭作业是中学生活的重要组成部分。）可知家庭作业对英国的中学生很重要。符合语境，故选C。【点评】在通读全文的基础上，根据全文大意，展开逻辑思维，瞻前顾后，认真辨析选项，仔细推敲，确定最佳答案。4．（10分）"What!You，too？IthoughtIwastheonlyone."Haveyoueversaidthistosomeone？Ifso，youmayhaveendedupbecomingfriendswiththisperson.（1）ETheGreekphilosopher（哲学家）Aristotleoncesaid，"Somedefine（下定义）it[friendship]asamatterofsimilarity；theysaythatwelovethosewhoarelikeourselves."（2）BScientistsfromUniversityofCaliforniasaidfriendshavesimilarbrains，ScientificAmericanreported.（3）DEachstudentwatchedthesamesetofvideos，whichincludedacomedy，adebate（讨论）andasoccermatch.Meanwhile，scientistsscanned（扫描）theirbrainsandrecordedtheirbrainactivity.Accordingtotheirscans，friendswhowatchedthesamevideoclipsreactedinsimilarways.Similarpartsoftheirbrainslitupwhilewatchingthevideos，especiallypartsthatareconnectedwithmotivation（动力），learningandmemory.（4）A"Havingclosefriendswhosebrainsreactlikeoursmayberewarding（有益的）becauseitreinforces（加强）one'sownvalues，opinions，andinterests，"leadscientistCarolynParkinsontoldBusinessInsider.（5）CScientistsfromtheUniversityofLeipzig，Germany，foundthatfriendshipisalsobasedonhowphysicallycloseyouaretosomeone.Theydidanexperimentwithfirst﹣yearcollegestudentswhometinclassforthefirsttime.Inthisexperiment，studentswhosatinneighboringseatsweremorelikelytobecomefriends.根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使短文意思通顺、内容完整。A.However，peoplewhoweren'tfriendshaddifferentreactionstothesameclips.B.Now，thereissomesciencebehindthisidea.C.Butbrainsimilarityisnottheonlythingthatcanresultinfriendship.D.Thescientistsinvited42universitystudentstotakepartinanexperiment.E.Itseemsthatsimilaritiesoftenhelpformfriendships.【分析】材料介绍了相似的共性似乎常常有助于建立友谊。【解答】细节推理题。（1）根据原文TheGreekphilosopher（哲学家）Aristotleoncesaid，"Somedefine（下定义）it[friendship]asamatterofsimilarity；theysaythatwelovethosewhoarelikeourselves."（希腊哲学家亚里士多德曾经说过："有人把友谊定义为相似之处，他们说我们爱那些和我们相似的人。"）可知E选项"相似似乎常常有助于建立友谊"适合引起亚里士多德的这句话。故选E。（2）根据原文ScientistsfromUniversityofCaliforniasaidfriendshavesimilarbrains，ScientificAmericanreported.（据《科学美国人》报道，来自加州大学的科学家称，朋友之间的大脑相似。）可知B选项"这个想法背后是有科学依据的。"可以连接下文的这句话。故选B。（3）根据原文Eachstudentwatchedthesamesetofvideos，whichincludedacomedy，adebate（讨论）andasoccermatch.（每个学生都观看了同一套视频，包括一场喜剧、一场辩论和一场足球比赛。）可知D选项"科学家们邀请了42名大学生参加一个实验。"能够连接下文。故选D。（4）根据原文Similarpartsoftheirbrainslitupwhilewatchingthevideos，especiallypartsthatareconnectedwithmotivation（动力），learningandmemory.（在观看视频时，他们大脑中类似的部分被激活，尤其是与动机、学习和记忆有关的部分。）可知接下来会说实验对象的反应有关的话题。A选项"然而，不是朋友的人对相同的片段有不同的反应。"符合题意故选A。（5）根据原文ScientistsfromtheUniversityofLeipzig，Germany，foundthatfriendshipisalsobasedonhowphysicallycloseyouaretosomeone.（德国莱比锡大学的科学家们发现，友谊也取决于你和某人的身体距离有多近。）可知C选项"可是，大脑相似性并不是导致友谊的唯一因素"是属于上句的相关应话题。故选C。【点评】做这类阅读理解，要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。二、完形填空先通读短文，掌握其大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个可以填入相应空白处的最佳答案。5．（15分）Itisveryimportanttostayhealthy.Ihaveaneighbor.Sheisanoldlady.Shecandoallthehousework，（1）Bnewspapers，watchTVandsearchontheInternettolearnsomethingnew.Ioftenseeher（2）Ataijiinthemorninganddanceintheevening.Shelooksyoungandbeautiful（3）Csheisoverseventy.Lastweekareporterfromamagazineinterviewedherandasked（4）Dshekeptsoyoungandhealthy.（5）Drepliedwithasmile：Ihaveasecretofstaying（6）Bandhealthy.Itisquite（7）C.Keepyourmindactive，takeaninterestintheworld（8）Byou，andlearnatleastonenewthingeveryday.Trytododifferentkindsofhouseworkanddosportsas（9）Dasyoucan.Don'tthinkyouaretoooldtogobackto（10）C.Iknowamanwhoenteredamedicalcollege（11）Bhewas70yearsold.He（12）Atherefor6yearsandnowheisadoctor.Anothermanwenttoatennisschoolattheageof71andnowheisgoodat（13）Dtennis.Somepeoplemaysaystayingyoungis（14）Aonlyforthosewholiveinthefuture.Infact，nomatterhowoldyouare，youcanmakeit.Pleasetellthestorytoyourfamily.Itwouldbeagoodstartto（15）Athelady'sexample.Ihopeallpeoplewillstayyoungandhealthy.（1）A.lookB.readC.seeD.watch（2）A.doB.makeC.eatD.drive（3）A.asB.soC.althoughD.because（4）A.whatB.whyC.whoD.how（5）A.IB.YouC.HeD.She（6）A.oldB.youngC.beautifulD.bored（7）A.earlyB.wonderfulC.simpleD.late（8）A.underB.aroundC.belowD.between（9）A.neverB.alwaysC.hardlyD.often（10）A.diaryB.differenceC.schoolD.dance（11）A.whereB.whenC.butD.since（12）A.studiedB.wentC.hadD.made（13）A.buyingB.losingC.ridingD.playing（14）A.easyB.difficultC.differentD.funny（15）A.followB.seemC.makeD.bring【分析】本文介绍了一位七十多岁的老人，永保青春活力的"秘诀"，就是多思考，多运动，多学习，并希望所有人都保持年轻健康。【解答】（1）考查动词。A.look看B.read读C.see看到D.watch观看，根据newspapers（报纸），可知读书看报用read。read newspapers意为"读报，看报"。句意：她能做所有的家务，读报纸，看电视，上网搜索学习新的东西。故选B。（2）考查动词。A.do做B.make制作，让C.eat吃D.drive开车，根据句意：我经常看到她早晨打太极拳、晚上跳舞。dotaiji打太极拳，故选A。（3）考查连词。A.as像，作为B.so因此C.although虽然D.because因为，根据she is  over  seventy.（她七十多岁了。）可知考查让步状语从句，用although引导。句意：尽管她七十多岁了，可看起来年轻、漂亮。故选C。（4）考查副词。A.what什么B.why为什么C.who谁D.how如何，根据下文I have a  secret of  staying...and healthy.（我有一个保持年轻和健康的秘诀。）可知，记者采访她，是想知道她怎样保持年轻和健康。句意：杂志社的记者采访她，问她如何保持如此年轻和健康。故选D。（5）考查代词。A.I我B.You你C.He他D.She她，根据a  magazine interviewed her（一家杂志采访了她）可知此处是指她回复。句意：她微笑着回答。故选D。（6）考查形容词。A.old老的B.young年轻的C.beautiful漂亮的D.bored无聊的，根据前文she kept so young and healthy.（她一直保持年轻和健康。）可知此处是指年轻和健康的秘密。句意：我有一个年轻和健康的秘密。故选B。（7）考查形容词。A.early早的B.wonderful精彩的C.simple容易的D.late迟的，根据下文描述learn at least one new thing every day.Try to do different kinds of housework（每天至少学一件新东西。试着做不同种类的家务）可知，保持活跃的思维是很容易的。句意：那很容易。故选C。（8）考查介词。A.under在下面B.around四周C.below在……以下D.between两者之间，根据take an interest（对……感兴趣）根据是指：对你周围的世界感兴趣。句意：保持思维活跃，对你周围的世界产生兴趣。故选B。（9）考查副词。A.never从不B.always总是C.hardly几乎不D.often经常，根据上文Try to do different kinds of housework.（试着做不同种类的家务。）可知，做家务和做运动要尽可能经常地做。as often as sb.can尽可能经常地。句意：做家务和做运动要尽可能经常地做。故选D。（10）考查名词。A.diary日记B.difference不同点C.school学校D.dance舞蹈，根据下文I know  a man who  entered a medical  college.（我认识一个进了医学院的人。）可知，他们都是进入了学校学习，因此，此处是"返回学校"之意。句意：不要认为你老得不能学习了。故选C。（11）考查连词。A.where哪里B.when当……时C.but但是D.since自从，根据he was70years old（他70岁）可知是时间状语从句，用when引导。句意：我认识一个人，他70岁时进了一所医学院。故选B。（12）考查动词。A.studied学习B.went去C.had有D.made制造，根据前文entered a medical  college（进入一所医学院）可知在医学院里学习了六年。句意：他在那里学习了6年，现在他是一名医生。故选A。（13）考查动词。A.buying买B.losing失去C.riding骑D.playing玩，根据tennis（网球）可知是指play tennis意为"打网球"。句意：现在他很擅长打网球。故选D。（14）考查形容词。A.easy容易的B.difficult困难的C.different不同的D.funny滑稽的，根据Infact，no matter how old you are，you can make it.（事实上，不管你多大，你都能做到。）可知保持年轻很容易句意：有人说，对那些生活在未来的人来说，保持年轻很容易。故选A。（15）考查动词。A.follow跟随B.seem似乎C.make制造D.bring带来，根据the lady's  example（这位女士的例子）可知此处表示"效仿这位女士的做法"。句意：仿效这位女士（做），是一个良好的开端。故选A。【点评】首先要通读全文，了解文章大意，紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的信息，然后明确词意，结合排除法逐一选出答案，最后再通读全文核对答案。三、词语运用第一节阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。6．（10分）than，hardly，dentist，much，decide，magazine，almost，none，however，inJanehasalotofgoodhabits.Shealwaysexercises（1）inthemorning.Sheofteneatsvegetablesandfruit.She（2）hardlyevereatssweetfood.Herteetharegoodandsheneverneedstogotoseethe（3）dentist.（4）However，shehassomebadhabits，too.SheoftenwatchesTVfor（5）morethantwohoursaday.Andshespends（6）almostalltheweekendtimereading（7）magazinesforfunanddoesn'tdoherhomework.（8）Noneofherfamilyarehappywithherbecausetheresultsofhertestsareoftenless（9）than60points.Jane（10）decidestochangefromnowon.【分析】本文主要介绍了Jane的各种习惯。【解答】（1）考查介词。句意：她总是在早上锻炼身体。根据"themorning"可知，此处选介词in。故填in。