版权说明：本文档由用户提供并上传，收益归属内容提供方，若内容存在侵权，请进行举报或认领
文档简介
PAVINGTHEINCLUSIVEPATHTOWARDWATERFORALL
POLICIESANDCASESSUPPORTING
AHUMANRIGHTS-BASEDAPPROACHINASIAANDTHEPACIFIC
AUGUST2024
Ua
HRighnt
2water
PAVINGTHEINCLUSIVEPATHTOWARDWATERFORALL
POLICIESANDCASESSUPPORTING
AHUMANRIGHTS-BASEDAPPROACHINASIAANDTHEPACIFIC
AUGUST2024
Ua
HRighnt
2water
CreativeCommonsAttribution3.0IGOlicense(CCBY3.0IGO)
©2024AsianDevelopmentBankandHumanRight2WaterSomerightsreserved.Publishedin2024.
ISBN978-92-9270-840-5(print);978-92-9270-841-2(PDF);978-92-9270-842-9(e-book)PublicationStockNo.TCS240391-2
DOI:
/10.22617/TCS240391-2
ForADB,theviewsexpressedinthispublicationarethoseoftheauthorsanddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsandpoliciesoftheAsianDevelopmentBank(ADB)oritsBoardofGovernorsorthegovernmentstheyrepresent.
ForHumanRight2Water,theviewsexpressedinthispublicationarethoseofHumanRight2WateranddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsandpoliciesofHumanRight2Water.
ADBandHumanRight2Waterdonotguaranteetheaccuracyofthedataincludedinthispublicationandacceptno
responsibilityforanyconsequenceoftheiruse.ThementionofspecificcompaniesorproductsofmanufacturersdoesnotimplythattheyareendorsedorrecommendedbyADBorHumanRight2Waterinpreferencetoothersofasimilarnaturethatarenotmentioned.
Bymakinganydesignationoforreferencetoaparticularterritoryorgeographicareainthisdocument,ADBdoesnotintendtomakeanyjudgmentsastothelegalorotherstatusofanyterritoryorarea
ThispublicationisavailableundertheCreativeCommonsAttribution3.0IGOlicense(CCBY3.0IGO)https://
/licenses/by/3.0/igo/.Byusingthecontentofthispublication,youagreetobeboundbythetermsofthislicense.Forattribution,translations,adaptations,andpermissions,pleasereadtheprovisionsandtermsofuseat
/terms-use#openaccess
.
ThisCClicensedoesnotapplytonon-ADBandnon-HumanRight2Watercopyrightmaterialsinthispublication.
Ifthematerialisattributedtoanothersource,pleasecontactthecopyrightownerorpublisherofthatsourcefor
permissiontoreproduceit.ADBandHumanRight2Watercannotbeheldliableforanyclaimsthatariseasaresultofyouruseofthematerial.
Pleasecontactpubsmarketing@orifyouhavequestionsorcommentswithrespecttocontent,orifyouwishtoobtaincopyrightpermissionforyourintendedusethatdoesnotfallwithintheseterms,or
forpermissiontousetheADBorHumanRight2Waterlogo.
CorrigendatoADBpublicationsmaybefoundat
/publications/corrigenda
.
HumanRight2Waterwhitepapersandguidancedocumentsmaybefoundat
.
Notes:
Inthispublication,“$”referstoUnitedStatesdollars.ADBrecognizes“Vietnam”asVietNam.
Onthecover:Awoman’sburden.Womenandgirlsoftenexperiencethemoreacuteeffectsoflackingaccesstowaterandwhenservicesdonotconsiderahumanrights-basedapproach(photobyADB).
Contents
Table,Figures,andBoxesiv
Acknowledgmentsv
Abbreviationsvi
ExecutiveSummaryvii
1Introduction1
2TheHumanRights-BasedApproachandtheRights5
toWater,Sanitation,andtheEnvironment
3Policies,Practices,andProjectsperHRBAPrinciple13
●NondiscriminationandEquity14
.ParticipationandInclusion21
.AccesstoInformationandTransparency27
Accountability32
●Sustainability41
4Conclusion50
Table,Figures,
andBoxes
Table
SelectedCountrieswithProjectsRelatingtoHumanRights-BasedApproach4
Figures
1HumanRights-BasedApproachPrinciplesIncluded3
inLegislationRelatedtoWater,Sanitation,andtheEnvironment
2HumanRightsandtheRighttoWater8
3AlignmentoftheHumanRightstoWaterandSanitation11
withtheHumanRights-BasedApproach
Boxes
1UNCommonUnderstanding5
2DutyBearersandRightsHolders9
3CivilSocietyInvolvementinWaterandSanitation47
Acknowledgments
T
hispublicationwaspreparedthroughacollaborationbetweentheAsianDevelopment
Bank(ADB)andHumanRight2Water(HR2W).Bothorganizationsrecognizethe
valuablecontributionsoftheauthors,namelyTanyaHuizer,EllenPascua,RobertLacsonDomingo,andElgaReyes(ADB);andAmandaLoeffenandNoemiePlumier(HR2W).
ThispublicationwasalsomadepossiblebytheguidanceandinsightsprovidedbytheWaterandUrbanDevelopmentSectorOffice(SectorsGroup)ofADB,ledbySatoshiIshii(StrategyandPartnershipsTeam),withthefollowingprojectofficerswhospenttimereviewingthecasestudies:TuulBadarch,StephenBlaik,AnastasiaCarolina,SaugataDasgupta,SitiHasanah,
AnitaKumari,AliyaMukhamedyarova,BinhMyNguyen,PedroMiguelPauletaDeAlmeida,ArunRana,andPhoxayXayyavong.
Additionally,inkeepingwiththethemeofinclusioninthisreport,thejointteamrecognizestheinputsandreviewofADB’sNGOandCivilSocietyCenter.
TheteamisalsothankfulforthededicatedsupportofthefollowingADBcolleagues:KiyoshiNakamitsu,FatimaBautista,SaswatiBelliappa,DennisVonCrusisCustodio,YangVilla,GinoPascua,andLindyLoisGamolo.
Theteamalsonotesthattheinformationcontainedhereinisbasedonjointresearchand
analysis;however,itdoesnotconstituteprofessionalorlegaladvice,norisitasubstitutefor
suchadvice.Thepublicationshouldnotbeconstruedasimplyingnewlegalobligationsor
intendedtoexploreindividualapproachestoorinvolvementinspecificimpacts.Noneofthe
contentshouldbedeemedorinterpretedasstatementsmadeindividuallybythecollaborators.
Theanalysisconductedforthispublicationissolelyintendedforthepurposesoutlinedhereinandshouldnotbeconstruedasestablishingfindingsoffactoradmissionsofliability.While
allthecontributorsofthisreportsupportthispublication,itdoesnotnecessarilyreflecta
unanimousendorsementofeveryelementbyeachoranyofthecontributors.Further,itmustbenotedthatchangesincircumstancesmayoccurafterthefinalizationofthispublication,
potentiallyaffectingaccuracyincertainrespects.
Abbreviations
ADBAsianDevelopmentBank
ADPAspirationalDistrictsProgramme
AMDALanalisismengenaidampaklingkungan(environmentalimpactassessment)
ARCagrarianreformcommunity
CSOcivilsocietyorganization
DMCdevelopingmembercountry
DWASADhakaWaterSupplyandSewerageAuthority
GC15GeneralComment15(oftheUnitedNations)
GR22GovernmentRegulation22(Indonesia)
GSAGreaterSuvaArea
HR2WHumanRight2Water(nongovernmentorganization)
HRBAhumanrights-basedapproach
HRHEhumanrighttoaclean,healthy,andsustainableenvironment
HRWShumanrightstowaterandsanitation
LaoPDRLaoPeople’sDemocraticRepublic
LGUlocalgovernmentunit
SDGSustainableDevelopmentGoal
UNUnitedNations
WAFWaterAuthorityofFiji
WHOWorldHealthOrganization
WSUGwatersupplyandsanitationusergroup
ExecutiveSummary
E
veryonearoundtheworld—nomattertheirrace,religion,creed,orgender—hasaright
towaterandsanitation.Water,afterall,isvitalforsurvival.Waterisanecessity.Andyet,
despitesignificantprogress,2.2billionpeoplestilllacksafelymanageddrinkingwater
services,and3.5billionlacksafelymanagedsanitationservices,therebyalsoputtingthe
achievementoftheSustainableDevelopmentGoal6oncleanwaterandsanitationatrisk.
AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganizationandUnitedNationsChildren’sFund(UNICEF),about500millionpeopleinAsiaandthePacificdonothaveaccesstobasicwatersupplies,while1.14billionpeopledonothaveaccesstopropersanitationservices.
Thispublication,PavingtheInclusivePathTowardWaterforAll:PoliciesandCasesSupportingaHumanRights-BasedApproachinAsiaandthePacific,providesacomprehensiveoverviewofthehumanrights-basedapproach(HRBA)inrelationtothehumanrightstowaterand
sanitationaswellasthehumanrightstoaclean,healthy,andsustainableenvironment.
PreparedthroughacollaborationbetweentheAsianDevelopmentBank(ADB)andHuman
Right2Water(HR2W),itpresentsvariouspiecesoflegislationfromtheregionthatarealignedwithHRBAprinciplesintandemwithADBprojectsthateitherillustratethesepoliciesorthe
HRBAprinciples.
ThepurposeofthispublicationistoshowcaseHRBAforwaterandsanitationinvestmentsandenablegovernments(astheprincipalduty-bearers)todeliversuchprojectsandensuretheirresponsibilitytocitizenstoadvancehumanrights.Thisdocumentfeatures12effectivewaterandsanitationprojectsdesignedtoinspireashiftinperspectiveandapproach.Theseprojectsemphasizemovingfromaneeds-basedorientationtoaprocess-focusedstrategy
thatprioritizesstakeholderparticipationandempowerment,particularlyforpoorpeopleandmarginalizedgroups,whileensuringtransparencyandaccountability.
Inparticular,theHRBAincorporateshumanrightsprinciplesinallaspectsofprojectdesign,planning,andoperations.Itfocusesonnondiscrimination,publicparticipation,accessto
informationandtransparency,accountability,andsustainability.TheHRBAcoverstheproceduralaspectsofmakingwaterandsanitationservicesavailabletoallpeople.
viiiExecutiveSummary
However,thehumanrightstowaterandsanitation(HRWS)arenotaboutavailability
alone.TheHRWSincludesthefivecriteriaofaccessibility,availability,quality,affordability,andacceptability.
Toachievethesestandardsandtohelpclosethewaterandsanitationgap,itisessential
tofollowtheprinciplesandelementsoftheHRBA.Whiletheseprinciplesarenotnew,as
exemplifiedbythepoliciesandprojectscoveredinthispublication,manyarealreadybeing
implementedintheregion.Moreover,whiletheymaynotconsistentlybeexplicitlyrecognizedorconsciouslyframedaspertainingtohumanrights,thispublicationhelpstomainstream
HRBAandencouragethedeliveryofwaterandsanitationprojectswiththisoutlook.
ThefollowingrecommendationsfromthefiveHRBAprinciplescanbeconcludedfromthisreport:
(i)Nondiscriminationandequity.InclusionofwomenandIndigenousPeoplesinprojectdevelopmentleadstomoresustainableoutcomes,asdemonstratedbytheprojects
fromCambodiaandtheLaoPeople’sDemocraticRepublic.
(ii)Participationandinclusion.Involvementoflocalcommunitiesensureslong-termcollaborationandinspiresbehavioralchange,asshownintheIndonesiaand
Mongoliaprojects.
(iii)Accesstoinformationandtransparency.ProjectsinNepalandthePhilippines
demonstratetheimportanceofmakingdataandinformationaccessible,educational,andactionablefortheyouthandothercommunitymembers.
(iv)Accountability.Structuredfeedback,grievanceprocesses,andmonitoringoptimizeprojectdesignandeffectivenessasshownbytheexamplesinIndiaandIndonesia.
(v)Sustainability.Sustainableservicedelivery,highlightedintheBangladeshandVietNamprojects,involvescommunityparticipationandconsiderslong-termenvironmental
impacts,aswellassoundutilitygovernance,asdemonstratedinFiji.
Overall,thereportunderscorestheimportanceofintegratinghumanrightsprinciplesinto
waterandsanitationgovernancetoachievesustainable,equitable,andinclusiveoutcomes.Itservesasaguideforpolicymakers,decision-makers,projectplannersanddevelopers,andotherstakeholdersinthewaterandsanitationsectortomakesurethatnooneisleftbehind.
1Introduction
W
aterislife.Itunderpinsthegrowthofancientcivilizationsandcontinuestocarry
economicandsocialdevelopmentforwardinthe21stcentury.Tothisday,wateris
stillascarcecommodity.Watersecuritypersistsasoneoftheworld’stopchallenges,exacerbatedbyrapidlygrowingpopulations,increasingagricultureneeds,andthetwincrises
ofenvironmentaldegradationandclimatechange.Thelackofaccesstowaterandtheimpactsofwater-relateddisastersarealsomorepronouncedforwomen,children,andvulnerable
communities.
Onaverage,investmentneedsinthewatersectorareestimatedtobeabout$53billion
peryearuntil2030.1Innovativefinancing,partnerships,andsolutions,inadditiontostronggovernance,arekeytohelpingbridgethisgap.
Thiscirclesbacktowaterasfundamentaltolife,ahumanright,andwithit,theconceptof
ahumanrights-basedapproach(HRBA).Thismeansincorporatinghumanrightsandits
principlesintoanyandeveryproject,investment,orsolutiontoensureeveryperson’srightis
protected,respected,andfulfilled.AdoptinganHRBAforwaterandsanitationhelpselevate
thedeliveryofaninvestmentsinceitgoesbeyondfocusingonachievingtargets,andinstead
drawsattentiontotheentireprocess,implementinghumanrightsprinciplesineverystepoftheprojectcycle,fromdesignandplanningtoimplementationandoperations.Withthisapproach,theaimistoachievethedesiredinclusiveandsustainableoutcomes,particularlyinsupportofSustainableDevelopmentGoal(SDG)6onwaterandsanitationforall.
1ADB.2023.Strategy2030WaterSectorDirectionalGuideSummary:Water-SecureandResilientAsiaandthePacific.
/publications/strategy-2030-water-sector-directional-guide-summary
.
2
PavingtheInclusivePathTowardWaterforAll
PurposeofthePublication
TheAsianDevelopmentBank(ADB),togetherwithitsdevelopingmembercountries(DMCs),recognizethatthecomplexissuesofwaterandsanitationraisehumanrightsconsiderations.2IncollaborationwiththeinternationalnongovernmentorganizationHumanRight2Water
(HR2W),ADBisseekingtointroduce,ifnotmainstream,theapplicationofanHRBAinwaterandsanitationprojectsacrossAsiaandthePacific.Thispublication,PavingtheInclusivePathTowardWaterforAll:PoliciesandCasesSupportingaHumanRights-BasedApproachinAsiaandthePacific,isajointADBandHR2WefforttoincreasenotonlythevisibilityoftheHRBA,butalsotohighlightthatthereareexistingpoliciesandgoodpracticesintheregionthatsupport
thisapproach.Furthermore,thepublicationunderscoresthecorrelationofthehumanrightstowaterandsanitation(HRWS)withthehumanrighttoaclean,healthy,andsustainable
environment(HRHE).Thislinkstheconservationofnaturalwaterresourceswithwaterfor
humanconsumptionandproductiveuse;andasaresult,itwillbecomeincreasinglyimportantfornewinfrastructuredevelopmenttoconsidertheseinterconnectedaspects.
Thisreportincludes12casestudiesfromADBprojectsthatsupplementthepoliciesfeaturedtodemonstratehowtheHRBAcanbeadopted.Thesealsoprovideproofofthepositive
impactsofapplyingtheprinciplesandelementsofHRBA.
BoththeHRWSandtheHRBAarenotentirelynewtoADBanditsDMCs.Asseeninthisreport,theHRBAprinciples—andeventheidealsofhumanrights—havealwaysbeen
integratedintoADBoperationsinsomeformoranother.Institutionaldocuments,suchasStrategy2030(theguidingframeworkforADBprograms),incorporatetheseprinciples.
Strategy2030alsoemphasizeshowinequalityinsocial,economic,andenvironmentaldimensionscanresultininadequateaccesstowater,sanitation,andnaturalresources.
Throughthisreport,governments,serviceproviders,businesses,ADBprojectofficers,
andotherwaterandsanitationpractitionershaveareferenceandguidetooperationalizetheHRBA,withasourceforrelevantlawsandprojectsthat
caninspirereplicability.
BoththeHRwsandthe
HRBAarenotentirely
newtoADB.TheHRBA
principles-andeven
theidealsofhuman
rights-havealways
beenintegratedinto
ADBoperationsinsome
formoranother.
PolicyReviewandMethodology
Humanrightsarebindingunderinternationallaw,andthisalso
linkstotheHRWS(discussedfurtherinChapter2).Thisreport
buildsuponrecentthematiclegalstudiesandpublicationsby
HR2Wthatexaminelegislationconnectedtotherighttowater;therighttosanitation;andtherighttoaclean,healthy,andsustainableenvironment.3Inparticular,HR2Wandtheinternationallawfirm
WhiteandCaseconductedastudyofnationalwaterlawsin16countries.
Thestudyrevealedthatmorethan75%ofthecountriesanalyzedrecognized
andprotectedtheenvironmentinsomewaythroughtheirconstitutions,yetonly
27%ofthecountriesdothesameforwater.4ThisjointADBandHR2WpublicationseekstoencouragecountriesinAsiaandthePacifictolookattherightstowaterandsanitation.
2ADB.2020.AsianWaterDevelopmentOutlook2020:AdvancingWaterSecurityAcrossAsiaandthePacific.
/
publications/asian-water-development-outlook-2020.
3HR2W.LegalCountryMapping.
/country-legal-mapping/
.
4HR2W.Countriesthathaveincludedthehumanrighttowaterintheconstitution.Policypaper.Unpublished.
Introduction3
Overall,thevariousnationallegalstudieshavebeenusedasasourceofinformationfor
drawingontheprinciplesandelementsthatarehighlightedinthispublication.Fromtherawdata,itispossibletoconcludeaboutpotentialgapsinpoliciesrelatedtotheHRBA,andthisinformationcanbeusedtodevelopasetofrecommendationsforinclusivedecision-makingthatwillsupportthemanagementofwaterandsanitation.
ThefollowingfigurecapturestheHRBAprinciplesandhowwellthesearereflectedinnineselectedcountriesinAsiaandthePacific.
Figure1:HumanRights-BasedApproachPrinciplesIncludedinLegislationRelatedtoWater,Sanitation,andtheEnvironment
Sustainability
Accountability,Remedies,andComplaintsProceduresPublicParticipation
RighttoInformation,TransparencyNondiscrimination,Equality,UniversalAccess
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%
Note:BasedoncountrylegalmappingbyHumanRight2Water(HR2W)inAustralia,India,Indonesia,theRepublicofKorea,Nepal,NewZealand,thePhilippines,Singapore,andTürkiye.
Source:HR2W.
Figure1showstheextentofeachprinciple’sintegrationintonationallawfortheprogressive
realizationandimplementationoftheHRWSandHRHE.Ascoreof50%impliesthathalfof
therelevantlawsreflectedintheHR2Wanalysisarerepresented,relatingtoacertainprincipleandbasedonthelegalstandardsasdefinedbyHR2W.5Basedonthecountriesstudied,the
resultsshowthattherighttoinformationwastheprinciplemosteasilyadoptedinnationallaw,andthatnondiscrimination,publicparticipation,andsustainabilityweretheleastevident.
Despitealowrepresentation(onaverage,around50%ofthelawswereincluded),there
weresomegoodpoliciesandpracticesfromtheregion,whicharedetailedinChapter3.ThischapteralsocitesspecificlawsundereachoftheprinciplesanddemonstratestheapplicationoftheprinciplesusingADBprojectsascasestudies.Thesecasestudieshighlightselected
interventionswheretheHRBAhasbeensuccessfulatincludingdifferentvulnerablegroups,
suchaswomenandgirls,IndigenousPeoples,andpoorcommunities,inavailingthemselvesoftheirrightstowater,sanitation,andacleanenvironment.
5Thestudieswerebasedonreferencingbetween5to10legalstandardsperprinciplepercountry,amountingto28referencespercountry.
4PavingtheInclusivePathTowardWaterforAll
Byfeaturingtheseprojectsinseveralcountries,theHRBA-supportedinterventionsthat
havebeenimplementedundervariouscultural,geophysical,social,economic,andpolitical
conditionsaredisseminated.ThefollowingtableliststheprojectsthatareoutlinedundertherelevantprinciplesinChapter3.
Table:SelectedCountrieswithProjectsRelatingtotheHumanRights-BasedApproach
Country
ADBProject
ApprovalYear
Bangladesh
DhakaWaterSupplySectorDevelopmentProgram
2007
Cambodia
SecondRuralWaterSupplyandSanitationSectorProjectandAdditionalFinancing
2016
Fiji
UrbanWaterSupplyandWastewaterManagementInvestmentProgram
2016
India
InfrastructureDevelopmentInvestmentProgramforTourism(Tranche4)
2018
UttarakhandUrbanSectorDevelopmentInvestmentProgram
2008
Indonesia
MetropolitanSanitationManagementandHealthProject
2010
MetropolitanSanitationManagementInvestmentProject
2014
LaoPeople’s
DemocraticRepublic
SmallTownsWaterSupplyandSanitationSectorProject
2009
Mongolia
ManagingSolidWasteinSecondaryCitiesProject
2020
Nepal
BagmatiRiverBasinImprovementProject
2013
Philippines
AgrarianReformCommunitiesProjectII
2008
VietNam
SecondaryGreenCitiesDevelopmentProject
2017
ADB=AsianDevelopmentBank.Source:Authors.
Achievingthehumanrightstowater;sanitation;andaclean,healthy,andsustainable
environmentisalong-termprocess,ifnotalifelongcommitment.Proponentsbehindtheserightsbelievethatitsrealizationisprogressiveandeffortsmustbeconcertedandsustained.Thispublication,forinstance,mayjustbethestartoftheprocessfordifferentstakeholdersintheregion.ForHR2W,thispublicationandtheirstudiesaretoolsforfurtherdialoguewithcommunities,governments,civilsociety,waterserviceproviders,andotherstakeholders,andtounderstandwhattheHRBAmeansatthelocallevelinrelationtochallengesexperiencedwithwaterandsanitation.Thiscanthenpotentiallyleadtosettinguphumanrights-based
indicatorsthatserveasmonitoringtoaddressissues.
2TheHumanRights-BasedApproachandtheRightstoWater,Sanitation,andtheEnvironment
OverviewoftheHumanRights-BasedApproach
Theintegrationofhumanrightsintodevelopmentprogramminghasbeenongoingforquitesometime,althoughtheterm“humanrights-basedapproach”(HRBA)isamorerecent
development.6In1997,UnitedNations(UN)SecretaryGeneralKofiAnnanrecognizedtheimportanceofanHRBAandadvocatedforitsimplementationacrosstheUNSystem.
AdoptinganHRBAmeansincorporatinghumanrightsandhumanrightsprinciplesintoanyandeveryworkingproject.Itgoesbeyondfocusingonoutcomesanddrawsattentiontotheentireprocess,implementinghumanrightsprinciplesineverystepoftheproject:design,
planning,andoperations.Byapplyingthisapproach,theresultisexpectedtohaveapositiveeffectinstrengtheninghumanrights.
TheHRBAgraduallygainedtractionandbecameawidelyusedmethod,withdifferent
attemptstodefinetheterm.Forthisreason,thereisnosingleuniversaldefinitionforHRBA.ThemostcommondefinitioncomesfromtheUNCommonUnderstanding,sinceitservesasthefoundationfororganizationsthatadapttheapproachtotheirownmandates.7Adoptedin
Box1:UNCommonUnderstanding
1.Allprogramsofdevelopmentcooperation,policies,andtechnicalassistanceshouldfurthertherealizationofhumanrightsaslaiddownintheUniversalDeclarationofHumanRightsandotherinternationalhumanrightsdocuments.
2.Humanrightsstandardscontainedin,andprinciplesderivedfrom,theUniversalDeclarationofHumanRightsandotherinternationalhumanrightsinstrumentsguidealldevelopmentcooperationandprogramminginallsectorsandinallphasesoftheprogrammingprocess.
3.Developmentcooperationcontributestothedevelopmentofthecapacitiesof‘duty-bearers’tomeettheirobligationsand/orof‘rights-holders’toclaimtheirrights.
Source:G.Casanovaetal.2021.APracticalGuidefortheRealisationoftheHumanRightstoWaterandSanitationthroughProgramming.HR2W.
/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/210322-HRBA-Manual_2021-FINAL.pdf
.UN=UnitedNations.
6G.Casanovaetal.2021.AHumanRightsBasedApproach:APracticalGuidefortheRealisationoftheHumanRightstoWaterandSanitationthroughProgramming.HR2W.
/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/210322-HRBA
-Manual_2021-FINAL.pdf.
7UnitedNationsSustainableDevelopmentGroup.2003.TheHumanRightsBasedApproachtoDevelopmentCooperationTowardsaCommonUnderstandingAmongUNAgencies.
/resources/human-rights-based-approach-development
-
cooperation-towards-common-understanding-among-un.
6PavingtheInclusivePathTowardWaterforAll
2003bytheUNSustainableDevelopmentGroup,theUNCommonUnderstandingonHRBAsoughttomakesurethatUNagencies,funds,andprogramsconsistentlyimplementedthe
HRBAataglobalandregionallevel(Box1).Moreover,throughtheprinciplesundertheHRBA,practitionershaveaguidetooperationalizetheapproachandmainstreamhumanrightsintheirwork.Thefol
温馨提示
- 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明，都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
- 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等，如果需要附件，请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
- 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸，网页内容里面会有图纸预览，若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
- 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间，仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理，对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑，并不能对任何下载内容负责。
- 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容，请与我们联系，我们立即纠正。
- 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
评论
0/150
提交评论