成人高考专升本医学综合复习资料(The-comprehensive-review-of-the-adult-college-entrance-exam)

成人高考专升本医学综合复习资料（Thecomprehensivereviewoftheadultcollegeentranceexam）Innerandback-backhandshape;TheverticalmuscleChest:pectoralismajor(thehumerusadduction,spinandforwardbends)withinthediaphragm(keyXiongFuQiang,stopatcenter,therearethreestage,beforethe12ththoracicaortain:theaortaandthoracicduct.The10ththoracicesophagealhiatal:esophagusandvagusnerve.8thoracicvenacavahole:inferiorvenacava.)Intercostalexternalmuscle,intercostalintercostalmuscle+diaphragmaticmuscle-breathingmuscle(calm)pectoralismajor,dorsallatissimusdorsalmuscleAbdominals:rectusabdominis,externalobliquemuscles,obliquemusclesoftheabdomen,transverseabdominis,andrectussheath(theaponeurosisoftheflat3flatmusclesoftheoutersideoftheabdomen,belowtheumbilicus,4-5cmbelowthearchedline.Thechewingmuscles:thebitingmuscles,thetemporalmuscles(theclosedmuscles),theinternalmusclesoftheappendage,andtheexternalmuscle(theopenmuscles).Buccalmuscle--thefacialmusclesScalenus:anterior,medialobliqueandanteriorintercostalintercostalspacebetweentheobliquemusclesandthesubclavianarteryandthebrachialplexus.Upperextremity:deltoidmuscle(abductionoftheshoulderjoint),bicepsbrachii(humerus)andtriceps(extensor).Anteriorforearmpreflexmuscle--thepronomotor,theforwardmuscle.Anteriorforearmspinalismuscle,theposteriormuscle,thebicepsForearmmuscle:thefrontgroup-bending,bending,andprewhirling-extendingwrist,elbow,andbackLowerextremitymuscle:thearmlargemuscle(theextensionandrotationofthehipjoint),thequadricepsfemoris(therectusfemoris,thevastusmedialis,thevastuslateralismuscle.Thepatellarligamentextendstheknee.Bicepsfemoris(halftendinusmuscle,semimoneuroticmuscle,action:knee-kneejointandextendedhipjoint),calftricepsmuscle(gastrocnemiusandsoleusmuscle,tendonofthesecondmuscle:ankletoe,knee)Thearticulatorymusclesoftheextensormuscles--thejointmusclesofthequadriceps--thesartorius,halftendons,andsemimembranesMuscleofflexorthighmuscle--muscleofthecalfmuscleandkneejoint--thefibulamuscle,thefibulashortmusclepronation--thefrontofthetibia,theposteriormuscleDigestivesystem:thedigestivetube(duodenaldigestivetubeforuppergastrointestinaltract,jejunumunderthefollowingforthedigestivetract)anddigestivegland(oralglands-oralgland,submandibulargland,sublingualgland,liverandpancreas),Oralcavity:dividedintooralvestibularandoralcavity.Palatinetonsil:anestbetweenthepalatingtonguearchandthepalatinearch.Pharyngealisthmus-palataltonguearch,palate,tonguerootTongue:tongue,tongue,tongue.Mucosaofthetongue:filamentouspapilla(most)-feelthetouch;Fungousnipples,leaflikenipples,prophylum-containingtastereceptors(tastebuds)Mentaltonguemuscle:bothsidesofthechinmusclescontractatthesametime-thetongueisextendedandthesideshrinks-thetongueisextendedtothesideoftheside-tothesideOralglands,salivaryglands:parotidgland(parotidduct:openingtothestraitofmaxillarysecondmolarmucousmembrane),thesubmandibulargland(jawbodyinside,theglandopeningsandsublingualmound)andsublingualgland(openinginsublingualmound)Pharynx:uppercranialbase,downtothe6thcervicalvertebrallevel.Thenasopharynxisnotadigestivechannel,thenasopharyngealwallhasapharyngealtube,thethroathasthetonsils,andthethroathasapear-likecrypt.Esophagus:neck,chest,abdomen.Threephysiologicalstrictures:pharynxandesophagealresection,15cm;Esophagealandleftprimarybronchialintersections,25cm;Esophagealperforationoftheesophagus,40cm.Stomach:uppermargin-gastriccurvature(thelowestpartisknownasgastricnotch);Theloweredge--thestomachofthebigbend--thestomach--thepylorusNearthepylorusandnearthecornerisagoodsiteforgastriculcers.MostofthestomachisintheleftquarterTheuppersmallintestine,theduodenum(,drop,level,level.Ontheleftsideofthesaidtheduodenumballconnectedtothepylorus,ulcers,goodhair.Afterthefallofinsidewallmucousmembranesurfacewithduodenalpapilla,commonbileductandpancreaticductopenings.Duodenummusclesuspensionisanimportantsymbolofjejunumstarting.AbsorbedinthejejunumLargeintestine:cecum,appendix,colon,rectum,analcanal.Thethreecharacteristicstructuresofthececumandcolon:thecolon,thecolon,andthelipidAppendix:anearthwormcecum,6-8cm,attachedtothemedialwallofthececum,andthetipoftheappendixdissociates.Therootofthethreecolonbands,theumbilicusand1/3oftheanteriorsuperioriliacspine.Rectum:twocurved,uppersacrosacs,lowercalledperineum.Theabdomenoftherectum:therearethreerectalcleatsinthecavity,whichhavetheeffectofstagnantstool.Analcanal:thelowerendoftheanalcolumnformsthedentateline,whichisdifferent,andtheembryosourceisdifferent.Liver:secretorybile,hepaticportal--hepaticartery,hepaticportalvein,hepaticduct,nerveandlymphaticvesselsinandoutoftheliverPosition:rightseasonribareaandabdomenarea,asmallportionoftheleftflank,intherightclavicularlineofthe5thcostalarch.TheleftandrightribscantouchtheliverHepaticportal:front-fronds-caudateleavesGallbladder:thefunctionofstoringandconcentratingbileinthegallbladderoftheliver.Thegallbladder,gallbladder,gallbladder,andgallbladder.Thegallbladdercanal,thelivermainandthedirtysurfaceoftheliver--thegallbladdertriangle.Liverleft,right-liver,bileduct-bileductThehepaticpancreaticpot,theduodenum,whichisformedbyconfluenceofthepancreaticduct.Pancreas:digestivegland,endocrinegland.Theperitoneum:theperitoneumandthevisceralperitoneum,theinterstitialinterstitialSpaces:theperitonealcavity(noorgan,nosmallamountofslurry)intheperitoneum,andthemenarecompletelyclosed,andthewomencommunicatewiththeoutsideworld.Intraperitonealorgans:stomach,membranousintestinaltube(jejunum,ileum,transversecolon,sigmoidcolon,appendix)ovaries,fallopiantubes,etcIntraperitonealorgans:liver,gallbladder,bladder,uterus,etcExternalabdominalorgans:renal,adrenal,ureter,pancreas,etcLesseromentum:doubleperitoneum,hepaticgastricligament(left)ofthehepaticportalandthestomach.Hepaticduodenalligament(rightmargin)ofhepaticandduodenalupper.Hepaticduodenalligament:hepaticportalvein,hepaticartery,bileduct,allhaveNandlymphaticduct.Greateromentum:fourperitoneum,defenseLiverandkidney:supineposition,male:rectalbladderdepression,female:bladderuterusdepression,rectaluterusdepression.Standingorsemi-lying-atthebottom.Respiratorysystem:upperrespiratorytract(respiratory,nasal,pharynx,larynx),lowerairway(trachea,bronchial,andbranch),lungThejointofthelarynx:elasticcone(annulusmembrane),joint(ringnailjoint,ringspoonjoint)Paranasalsinuses:theanteriormiddlegroupofthemaxillarysinus,frontalsinusandethmoidsinusareopenedinthemiddlenasalpassage.Theposteriorgroupoftheethmoidsinusisopentotheuppernasalpassage.Thesphenoidsinusopens-thebutterflyscreenisopenedinthenoseofthenasopharyngealtubeLaryngeal:thyroidcartilage,cricoidcartilage,arytenoidcartilage(paired),epiglotticcartilageLaryngealcavity:upperpairofvestibularfold,belowapairofvocalfoldsbetweenthevocalfoldsofthesound:thelaryngealcavity,thenarrowestpartoftheupperairwayThelaryngealcavityisdividedintotheanteriorvestibularfoldandtheglottis:theupperandlowerpartofthelarynx-thecryptbetweenthevestibularfoldandtheglottisMainbronchialtube:leftmainlength,fine,oblique(flat);Rightmainshort,thick,vertical.Theforeignbodyeasilyfallsintotherightmainbronchus.Lung:apexofthelung-2-3cmabovethemedialpartoftheclavicle.Lungdoor:thereismainbranch,pulmonaryartery,lymphaticductandnervediscrepancy.ThesestructuresarewrappedinbundlesofconnectivetissuecalledthelungrootsTheleftlungisdividedintoupperlobeandlowerlobe.Rightlungisdividedinto:upper,middleandlowerlobePleura:pleura,pleura,diaphragmaticpleura,mediastinalpleuraPleuralcavity:closedcavity;Impassable;Negativepressure;Thereisasmallamountofslurry.Costaldiaphragmaticfossa-thelowestpointofthepleuralcavityThemedianlineofthemidlineofthemidlineofthemidlineoftheclavicleLunglowerbound:6,8,10,10Lowerboundofthepleura:8,10,12,12Urinarysystem:kidney,ureter,bladder,urethralcomposition.Eliminationofwater-solublemetabolitesinthebody.Renalportal:renalartery,renalvein,renalpelvis,nerve,lymphaticandsoon.Renalsinus:thebranchofthekidney,thekidney,therenalpelvis,therenalartery,thebranchoftherenalvein,thelymphatic,nerveandadiposetissuePositionofthekidney:12lumbarvertebraeintherightkidneyand1lumbarbodyoftherenalgate.Kidneyregion:theAngleofthelateralmarginofthespineandtheAngleofthe12thribThethreelayersoftherenalsurfacearemembrane:inward-therenalfibrouscapsule,therenalfatsac,andtherenalfasciaUreter:fromtherenalpelvis,finallythethreepartsofthebladder:theabdominalsegment,thebasinsegment,thewallsegmentThreenarrowparts:ureterinitiation;Smallpelvicentrance;Itgoesthroughthewallofthebladder.Bladder:bladdertip,bottom,body,neck.Theposteriorofthebottomofthebladder-thefemaleadjacenttothecervixandthevagina,themaletotherectum,thevasectomyandseminalvesicle.Thelowerpartoftheneckofthebladder--thefemalenexttotheurogenitaldiaphragm,themaleadjacenttotheprostateBladdertriangle:atthebaseofthebladder,thereisalackofsubmucosa,anditsmucosaissmoothandunwrinkled.Itisagoodsitefortumors,tuberculosisandinflammationReproductivesystem:male-testis,vasosperms(reproductiveglands)andaccessoryglandsVasectomy:testis,spermaticdivision(vasectomyinthispart),groindepartment,pelvisEjaculationtube:theprostatepartthatopenstotheurethraAccessoryglands:seminalvesicle,prostate(chestnutinvertedtriangle<anterioradjacentbladderneck,posterioradjacentrectum,rectalexaminationof>),urethralglandMaleurethra:prostate,membrane,cavernousbodyThreestrictures:ure