2024年6月英语六级真题及答案

6月大學英語六级(CET-6)真題试卷PartI Writing (30minutes)Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicof

DueAttentionShouldBeGiventotheStudyofChinese.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:

1.近年来在學生中出現了忽视中文學习的現象；

2.出現這种現象的原因和後果；3.我认為…注意：此部分试題在答題卡1上。DueAttentionShouldBeGiventotheStudyofChinesePartII ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning) (15minutes)Directions:

Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.Obama'ssuccessisn'tallgoodnewsforblackAmericans

AsErinWhitewatchedtheelectionresultsheadtowardsvictoryforBarackObama,shefeltaburdenliftingfromhershoulders."Inthatonesecond,itwasavalidationformywholerace,"sherecalls.

"I'vealwaysbeenanachiever,"saysWhite,whoisstudyingforanMBAatVanderbiltUniversityinNashville,

White'sexperienceiswhatmanypsychologistshadexpected-thatObamawouldprovetobeapowerfulrolemodelforAfricanAmericans.SomehopedhisrisetoprominencewouldhaveabigimpactonwhiteAmericans,too,challengingthosewhostillharbourracistsentiments."Thetraitsthatcharacterisehimareverycontradictorytotheracialstereotypesthatblackpeopleareaggressiveanduneducated,"saysAshbyPlantofFloridaStinginthetail

AshbyPlantisoneofanumberofpsychologistswhoseizedonObama'scandidacytotesthypothesesaboutthepowerofrolemodels.Theirworkisalreadystartingtorevealhowthe"Obamaeffect"ischangingpeople'sviewsandbehaviour.Perhapssurprisingly,itisnotallgoodnews:thereisastinginthetailoftheObamaeffect.

Butfirstthegoodnews.BarackObamareallyisapositiverolemodelforAfricanAmericans,andhewasmakinganimpactevenbeforehegottotheWhiteHouse.Indeed,theObamaeffectcanbesurprisinglyimmediateandpowerful,asRayFriedmanofVanderbilt

TheytestedfourseparategroupsatfourkeystagesofObama'spresidentialcampaign.Eachgroupconsistedofaround120adultsofsimilarageandeducation,andthetestassessedtheirlanguageskills.Attwoofthesestages,whenObama'ssuccesswaslessthancertain,thetestsshowedacleardifferencebetweenthescoresofthewhiteandblackparticipants—anaverageof12.1outof20,comparedto8.8,forexample.WhentheObamafeverwasatitsheight,however,theblackparticipantsperformedmuchbetter.ThosewhohadwatchedObama'sacceptancespeechastheDemocrats'presidentialcandidateperformedjustaswell,onaverage,asthewhitesubjects.Afterhiselectionvictory,thiswastrueofalltheblackparticipants.Dramaticshift

Whatcanexplainthisdramaticshift?Atthestartofthetest,theparticipantshadtodeclaretheirraceandweretoldtheirresultswouldbeusedtoassesstheirstrengthsandweaknesses.Thisshouldhaveprimedthesubjectswith"stereotypethreat"–ananxietythattheirresultswillconfirmnegativestereotypes,whichhasbeenshowntodamagetheperformanceofAfricanAmericans.

Obama'ssuccessesseemedtoactasashieldagainstthis."Wesuspecttheyfeltinspiredandenergisedbyhisvictory,sothestereotypethreatwouldn'tproveadistraction,"saysFriedman.Lingeringracism

IftheObamaeffectispositiveforAfricanAmericans,howisitaffectingtheirwhitecompatriots(同胞)?Istheexperienceofhavingacharismatic(有魅力的)blackpresidentmodifyinglingeringracistattitudes?Thereisnoeasywaytomeasureracismdirectly;insteadpsychologistsassesswhatisknownas"implicitbias",usingacomputer-basedtestthatmeasureshowquicklypeopleassociatepositiveandnegativewords—suchas"love"or"evil"—withphotosofblackorwhitefaces.Asimilartestcanalsomeasurehowquicklysubjectsassociatestereotypicaltraits—suchasathleticskillsormentalability—withaparticulargroup.

InastudythatwillappearintheJournalofExperimentalSocialPsychology,Plant'steamtested229studentsduringtheheightoftheObamafever.Theyfoundthatimplicitbiashasfallenbyasmuchas90%comparedwiththelevelfoundinasimilarstudyin."That'sanunusuallylargedrop,"Plantsays.

Whiletheteamcan'tbesuretheirresultsareduesolelytoObama,theyalsoshowedthatthosewiththelowestbiaswerelikelytosubconsciouslyassociateblackskincolourwithpoliticalwordssuchas"government"or"president".ThissuggeststhatObamawasstronglyontheirmind,saysPlant.Dropinbias

BrianNosekoftheUniversityofVirginiainCharlottesville,whorunsawebsitethatmeasuresimplicitbiasusingsimilartest,hasalsoobservedasmalldropinbiasinthe700,000visitorstothesitesinceJanuary,whichmightbeexplainedbyObama'srisetopopularity.However,hispreliminaryresultssuggestthatchangewillbemuchslowercomingthanPlant'sresultssuggest.Talkinghonestly

"PeoplenowhavetheopportunityofexpressingsupportforObamaeveryday,"saysDanielEffronatStanfordUniversityinCalifornia."OurresearcharousestheconcernthatpeoplemaynowbemorelikelytoraisenegativeviewsofAfricanAmericans."Ontheotherhand,hesays,itmayjustencouragepeopletotalkmorehonestlyabouttheirfeelingsregardingraceissues,whichmaynotbesuchabadthing.

Anotherpartofthestudysuggestsfarmoreisatstakethanthemereexpressionofviews.TheObamaeffectmayhaveanegativeside.JustoneweekafterObamawaselectedpresident,participantswerelessreadytosupportpoliciesdesignedtoaddressracialinequalitythantheyhadbeentwoweeksbeforetheelection.Hugeobstacles

Itcould,ofcourse,alsobethatObama'ssuccesshelpspeopletoforgetthatadisproportionatenumberofblackAmericansstillliveinpovertyandfacehugeobstacleswhentryingtoovercomethesecircumstances."BarackObama'sfamilyissuchasalient(杰出的)image,wegeneraliseitandfailtoseethelargerpicture—thatthere'sinjusticeineveryaspectofAmericanlife,"saysCherylKaiseroftheUniversityofWashingtoninSeattle.ThosetryingtoaddressissuesofracialinequalityneedtoconstantlyremindpeopleoftheinequalitiesthatstillexisttocounteracttheObama'seffect,shesays.

ThoughPlant'sfindingsweremorepositive,shetoowarnsagainstthinkingthatracismandracialinequalitiesarenolongeraproblem."ThelastthingIwantisforpeopletothinkeverything'ssolved."

ThesefindingsdonotonlyapplytoObama,orevenjusttorace.Theyshouldholdforanyrolemodelinanycountry."There'snoreasonwewouldn'thaveseenthesameeffectonourviewsofwomenifHillaryClintonorSarahPalinhadbeenelected,"saysEffron.Sotheelectionofafemaleleadermighthaveadownsideforotherwomen.Beyondrace

Wealsodon'tyetknowhowlongtheObamaeffect—bothitsgoodsideanditsbad—willlast.Politicalsentimentisnotoriouslychangeable:WhatifthingsbegintogowrongforObama,andhispopularityslumps?

AndwhatifAmericansbecomesofamiliarwithhavingObamaastheirpresidentthattheystopconsideringhisracealtogether?"Overtimehemightbecomehisownentity,"saysPlant.Thismightseemliketheultimatedefeatforracism,butignoringtheraceofcertainselectindividuals—aphenomenonthatpsychologistscallsubtyping—alsohasaninsidious(隐伏的)side."Wethinkithappenstohelppeoplepreservetheirbeliefs,sotheycanstillholdontothepreviousstereotypes."ThatcouldturnouttobethecruellestofallthetwiststotheObamaeffect.注意：此部分试題請在答題卡1上作答。1.HowdidErinWhitefeeluponseeingBarackObama'svictoryintheelection?

A)Excited.

B)Victorious.

C)Anxious.

D)Relieved.2.Beforetheelection,ErinWhitehasbeenhauntedbythequestionofwhether_____.

A)shecouldobtainherMBAdegree

B)shecouldgoasfarasshewantedinlife

C)shewasovershadowedbyherwhitepeers

D)shewasreallyanachieverasastudent3.WhatisthefocusofAshbyPlant'sstudy?

A)RacistsentimentsinAmerica.

B)Thepowerofrolemodels.

C)Personalitytraitsofsuccessfulblacks.

D)ThedualcharacterofAfricanAmericans.4.Intheirexperiments,RayFriedmanandhiscolleaguesfoundthat______.

A)blacksandwhitesbehaveddifferentlyduringtheelection

B)whites'attitudetowardsblackshasdramaticallychanged

C)Obama'selectionhaseliminatedtheprejudiceagainstblacks

D)Obama'ssuccessimpactedblacks'performanceinlanguagetests5.WhatdoBrianNosek'spreliminaryresultssuggest?

A)Thechangeinbiasagainstblacksisslowincoming.

B)Biasagainstblackshasexperiencedanunusualdrop.

C)Websitevisitor'sopinionsarefarfrombeingreliable.

D)Obama'spopularitymaydeclineastimepassesby.6.AnegativesideoftheObamaeffectisthat______.

A)morepeoplehavestartedtocriticisePresidentObama'sracialpolicies

B)relationsbetweenwhitesandAfricanAmericansmaybecometenseagain

C)peoplearenowlessreadytosupportpoliciesaddressingracialinequality

D)whitepeoplearelikelytobecomemorecriticalofAfricanAmericans7.CherylKaiserholdsthatpeopleshouldbeconstantlyremindedthat______.

A)Obama'ssuccessissoundproofofblack'spotential

B)Obamaisbutarareexampleofblack'sexcellence

C)racialinequalitystillpersistsinAmericansociety

D)blacksstillfaceobstaclesinpoliticalparticipation8.AccordingtoEffron,ifHillaryClintonorSarahPalinhadbeenelected,therewouldalsohavebeenanegativeeffecton______.9.ItispossiblethattheObamaeffectwillbeshort-livedifthereisachangeinpeople's______.10.TheworstpossibleaspectoftheObamaeffectisthatpeoplecouldignorehisracealtogetherandcontinuetoholdontotheiroldracial______.PartIII ListeningComprehension (35minutes)SectionADirections:

Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron

AnswerSheet2

withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试題請在答題卡2上作答。

A)Themanfailedtokeephispromise.

B)Thewomanhasapoormemory.

C)Themanborrowedthebookfromthelibrary.

D)Thewomandoesnotneedthebookanymore.12.

A)Thewomanismakingtoobigafussabouthercondition.

B)Fatigueisatypicalsymptomoflackofexercise.

C)Thewomanshouldspendmoretimeoutdoors.

D)Peopletendtoworklongerhourswithartificiallighting.13.

A)TheprintingonherT-shirthasfaded.

B)ItisnotinfashiontohavealogoonaT-shirt.

C)SheregretshavingboughtoneoftheT-shirts.

D)ItisnotagoodideatobuytheT-shirt.14.

A)Heregretshavingpublishedthearticle.

B)Mostreadersdonotsharehisviewpoints.

C)Notmanypeoplehavereadhisarticle.

D)Thewomanisonlytryingtoconsolehim.15.

A)LeaveDaisyaloneforthetimebeing.

B)GoseeDaisyimmediately.

C)ApologizetoDaisyagainbyphone.

D)BuyDaisyanewnotebook.16.

A)Batteries.

B)Gardentools.

C)Cameras.

D)Lightbulbs.17.

A)Thespeakerswillwatchthegametogether.

B)Thewomanfeelsluckytohavegotaticket.

C)Themanplayscenteronthebasketballteam.

D)Themancangettheticketatitsoriginalprice.18.

A)Thespeakerswilldressformallyfortheconcert.

B)Themanwillreturnhomebeforegoingtotheconcert.

C)Itisthefirsttimethespeakersareattendingaconcert.

D)Thewomanisgoingtobuyanewdressfortheconcert.Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.

A)Hewantstosignalong-termcontract.

B)Heisgoodatbothlanguageandliterature.

C)Heprefersteachingtoadministrativework.

D)Heisundecidedastowhichjobtogofor.20.

A)Theyhateexams.

B)TheallplantostudyinCambridge.

C)Theyarealladults.

D)Theyaregoingtoworkincompanies.21.

A)Difficultbutrewarding.

B)Variedandinteresting.

C)Time-consumingandtiring.

D)Demandingandfrustrating.Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.22.

A)Interviewingamovingstar.

B)Discussingteenagerolemodels.

C)Hostingatelevisionshow.

D)Reviewinganewbiography.23.

A)Helosthismother.

B)HewasunhappyinCalifornia.

C)Hemissedhisaunt.

D)Hehadtoattendschoolthere.24.

A)Hedeliveredpublicspeeches.

B)Hegotseriouslyintoacting.

C)HehostedtalkshowsonTV.

D)HeplayedaroleinEastofEden.25.

A)Hemadenumerouspopularmovies.

B)Hehaslongbeenalegendaryfigure.

C)HewasbestatactinginHollywoodtragedies.

D)Hewasthemostsuccessfulactorofhistime.SectionBDirections:

Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron

AnswerSheet2

withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试題請在答題卡2上作答。PassageOneQuestions26to29arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.26.

A)Itcarriedpassengersleavinganisland.

B)AterroristforcedittolandonTenerife.

C)Itcrashedwhenitwascirclingtoland.

D)18ofitspassengerssurvivedthecrash.27.

A)Hewaskidnappedeightmonthsago.

B)HefailedinhisnegotiationswiththeAfricans.

C)HewasassassinatedinCentralAfrica.

D)HelostlotsofmoneyinhisAfricanbusiness.28.

A)Themanagementandunionrepresentativesreachedanagreement.

B)Theworkers'paywasraisedandtheirworkinghourswereshortened.

C)Thetradeuniongaveupitsdemand.

D)Theworkersonstrikewereallfired.29.

A)Sunny.

B)Rainy.

C)Windy.

D)Cloudy.PassageTwoQuestions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.30.

A)Someofthemhadonceexperiencedanearthquake.

B)Mostofthemlackedinterestinthesubject.

C)Veryfewofthemknewmuchaboutgeology.

D)Acoupleofthemhadlistenedtoasimilarspeechbefore.31.

A)ByreflectingonAmericans'previousfailuresinpredictingearthquakes.

B)BynotingwherethemostsevereearthquakeinU.S.historyoccurred.

C)Bydescribingthedestructivepowerofearthquakes.

D)Byexplainingsomeessentialgeologicalprinciples.32.

A)Interrupthimwheneverhedetectedamistake.

B)Focusontheaccuracyofthelanguageheused.

C)Stophimwhenhehaddifficultyunderstanding.

D)Writedownanypointswherehecouldimprove.PassageThreeQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.33.

A)Itwasinventedbyagroupoflanguageexpertsintheyearof1887.

B)ItisalanguagethathasitsorigininancientPolish.

C)Itwascreatedtopromoteeconomicglobalization.

D)Itisatoolofcommunicationamongspeakersofdifferentlanguages.34.

A)ItaimstomakeEsperantoaworkinglanguageintheU.N.

B)Ithasincreaseditspopularitywiththehelpofthemedia.

C)Ithasencounteredincreasinglytougherchallenges.

D)Ithassupportersfrommanycountriesintheworld.35.

A)Itisusedbyanumberofinfluentialsciencejournals.

B)Itiswidelytaughtatschoolsandinuniversities.

C)Ithasarousedtheinterestofmanyyounglearners.

D)Ithashadagreaterimpactthaninanyothercountry.SectionCDirections:

Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.注意：此部分试題請在答題卡2上作答。

GeorgeHerbertMeadsaidthathumansaretalkedintohumanity.Hemeantthatwegainpersonalidentityaswecommunicatewithothers.Intheearliestyearsofourlives,ourparentstelluswhoweare."You're(36)______.""You'resostrong."Wefirstseeourselvesthroughtheeyesofothers,sotheirmessagesformimportant(37)______ofourself-concepts.Laterweinteractwithteachers,friends,(38)______partners,andco-workerswhocommunicatetheirviewsofus.Thus,howweseeourselves(39)______theviewsofusthatotherscommunicate.

The(40)______connectionbetweenidentityandcommunicationis(41)______evidentinchildrenwhoare(42)______ofhumancontact.Casestudiesofchildrenwhowereisolatedfromothersrevealthattheylackafirmself-concept,andtheirmentalandpsychologicaldevelopmentisseverely(43)______bylackoflanguage.

Communicationwithothersnotonlyaffectsoursenseofidentitybutalsodirectlyinfluencesourphysicalandemotionalwell-being.Consistently,(44)________________________________________________.Peoplewholackclosefriendshavegreaterlevelsofanxietyanddepressionthanpeoplewhoareclosetoothers.(45)________________________________________________.Theconclusionwasthatsocialisolationisstatisticallyasdangerousashighbloodpressure,smokingandobesity.Manydoctorsandresearchersbelievethat(46)_______________________________________________________________.PartIV ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth) (25minutes)SectionADirections:

Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.Pleasewriteyouranswerson

AnswerSheet2.Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Question:Myninth-gradeartteacherdoesn'tgiveanygradeabove94%because,shesays,"There'salwaysroomforimprovement."Inpreviousyears,Iearneda99%anda100%.The94IreceivedthistermdoesnotreflectthehardworkthatIputintothiscourse.Becauseofher"improvement"theory,IgotalowergradethanIdeserve.Ishergradingphilosophyethical(符合职业道德规范的)?

Answer:Yourteacher'sgradingsystemmaybeunwise,butitisnotunethical.Ateacherdeserveswidelatitudeinselectingthemethodofgradingthatbestpromoteslearninginherclassroom;thatis,afterall,theprimefunctionofgrades.Itisshewhohasthetrainingandexperiencetomakethisdecision.Assumingthatyourteacherisneitherbiasednorcorruptandthathersystemconformstoschoolrules,youcan'tfaultherethics.

Youcancriticizehermethodology.A100neednotimplythatthereisnopossibilityofimprovement,onlythatastudentsuccessfullycompletedthecoursework.Aninthgradercouldgetawell-earned100inEnglishclassbutstillhaveawaytogobeforeshewritesaswellasJaneAusten.What'smore,gradesarenotonlyaneducationaldevicebutarealsopartofascreeningsystemtohelpassignkidstotheirnextclassorprogram.Bycappinghergradesat94whilemostotherteachersgradeonascalethattopsoutat100,yourteachercouldjeopardizeastudent'schanceofgettingascholarshiporgettingintoatopcollege.

Whatitiswrongtocondemnherforisoverlookingyourhardwork.Youdiligenceisworthyofencouragement,buteffortdoesnotequalaccomplishment.IfscholarssuddenlydiscoveredthatRembrandthaddashedoff"TheNightWatch"inanafternoon,itwouldstillbe"TheNightWatch."

Icouldspendmonthssweatingovermyown"paintings",butI'dproducesomethingyouwouldn'twanttohanginyourlivingroom.Oryourgarage.

Onefeatureofagoodgradingsystemisthatthosemeasuredbyitgenerallyregarditasfairandreasonable—notthecasehere.Simmering(难以平息的)resentmentisseldomanaidtoeducation.Andsoyournextstepshouldbetodiscussyourconcernswithyourteacherortheprincipal.注意：此部分试題請在答題卡2上作答。47.Theninth-graderthoughtthathisartteachershouldhavegivenhim______.48.Accordingtotheanswer,ateachershouldhavethefreedomto______toencouragelearning.49.Welearnfromtheanswerthatastudentwhogetsa100shouldstillworkhardandkeep______.50.TheexampleofRembrandt'spaintingsuggeststhatadistinctionshouldbemadebetween______.51.Theninth-graderisadvisedtogotohisteacherortheprincipalto______.SectionBDirections:

Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteron

AnswerSheet2

withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions51to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Onlytwocountriesintheadvancedworldprovidenoguaranteeforpaidleavefromworktocareforanewbornchild.Lastspringoneofthetwo,Australia,gaveupthedubiousdistinctionbyestablishingpaidfamilyleavestartingin.Iwasn'tsurprisedwhenthisdidn'tmakethenewshereintheUnitedStates—we'renowtheonlywealthycountrywithoutsuchapolicy.

TheUnitedStatesdoeshaveoneexplicitfamilypolicy,theFamilyandMedicalLeaveAct,passedin1993.Itentitlesworkerstoasmuchas12weeks'unpaidleaveforcareofanewbornordealingwithafamilymedicalproblem.Despitethemodestyofthebenefit,theChamberofCommerceandotherbusinessgroupsfoughtitbitterly,describingitas"government-runpersonnelmanagement"anda"dangerousprecedent".Infact,everystepoftheway,as(usually)Democraticleadershavetriedtointroducework-familybalancemeasuresintothelaw,businessgroupshavebeenstronglyopposed.

AsYalelawprofessorAnneAlstottargues,justifyingparentalsupportdependsondefiningthefamilyasasocialgoodthat,insomesense,societymustpayfor.InherbookNoExit:WhatParentsOweTheirChildrenandWhatSocietyOwesParents,shearguesthatparentsareburdenedinmanywaysintheirlives:thereis"noexit"whenitcomestochildren."Societyexpects—andneeds—parentstoprovidetheirchildrenwithcontinuityofcare,meaningtheintensive,intimatecarethathumanbeingsneedtodeveloptheirintellectual,emotionalandmoralcapabilities.Andsocietyexpects—andneeds—parentstopersistintheirrolesfor18years,orlongerifneeded."

Whilemostparentsdothisoutoflove,therearepublicpenaltiesfornotprovidingcare.Whatparentsdo,inotherwords,isofdeepconcerntothestate,fortheobviousreasonthatcaringforchildrenisnotonlymorallyurgentbutessentialforthefutureofsociety.Thestaterecognizesthisinthelargebodyoffamilylawsthatgovernchildren'welfare,yetparentsreceivelittlehelpinmeetingthelife-changingobligationssocietyimposes.Toclassifyparentingasapersonalchoiceforwhichthereisnocollectiveresponsibilityisnotmerelytoignorethesocialbenefitsofgoodparenting;really,itistostealthosebenefitsbecausetheyaccrue(不停积累)tothewholeofsocietyastoday'schildrenbecometomorrow'sproductivecitizenry(公民).Infact,bysomeestimates,thevalueofparentalinvestmentsinchildren,investmentsoftimeandmoney(includinglostwages),isequalto20-30%ofgrossdomesticproduct.Iftheseinvestmentsgeneratehugesocialbenefits—astheyclearlydo—thebenefitsofprovidingmoresocialsupportforthefamilyshouldbethatmuchclearer.注意：此部分试題請在答題卡2上作答。52.Whatdowelearnaboutpaidfamilyleavefromthefirstparagraph?

A)Americaisnowtheonlydevelopedcountrywithoutthepolicy.

B)IthasnowbecomeahottopicintheUnitedStates.

C)ItcameasasurprisewhenAustraliaadoptedthepolicy.

D)ItsmeaningwasclarifiedwhenitwasestablishedinAustralia.53.Whathaspreventedthepassingofwork-familybalancelawsintheUnitedStates?

A)TheincompetenceoftheDemocrats.

B)TheexistingFamilyandMedicalLeaveAct.

C)ThelackofaprecedentinAmericanhistory.

D)Theoppositionfrombusinesscircles.54.WhatisProfessorAnneAlstott'sargumentforparentalsupport?

A)ThecostofraisingchildrenintheU.S.hasbeengrowing.

B)Goodparentingbenefitssociety.

C)TheU.S.shouldkeepupwithotherdevelopedcountries.

D)Childrenneedcontinuouscare.55.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofAmerica'slargebodyoffamilylawsgoverningchildren'swelfare?

A)Theyfailtoensurechildren'shealthygrowth

B)Thefailtoprovideenoughsupportforparents

C)Theyemphasizeparents'legalresponsibilities.

D)Theyimposethecareofchildrenonparents.56.Whydoestheauthorobjecttoclassifyingparentingasapersonalchoice?

A)Itisregardedasalegalobligation.

B)Itrelieslargelyonsocialsupport.

C)Itgenerateshugesocialbenefits.

D)Itisbasicallyasocialundertaking.PassageTwoQuestions57to62arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

AnewstudyfromtheCenterforInformationandResearchonCivicLearningandEngagement(CIRCLE)atTufts

ThewritersofGenerationO(shortforObama),anewNewsweekblogthatseekstochroniclethelivesofagroupofyoungObamasupporters,wanttoanswerthatquestion.Forthenextthreemonths,MichelleKre