2024年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案第3套

6月大學英語四级真題及答案(三)PartIWriting(30minutes)(請于正式開考後半小時内完毕该部分，之後将進行听力考试)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanadvertisementonyourcampuswebsitetosellsomeofthecoursebooksyouusedatcollege.Youradvertisementmayincludeabriefdescriptionoftheircontent,theircondition,theirpriceandyourcontactinformation.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)阐明：6月大學英語四级考试全国共考了两套听力.本套的听力内容与第二套相似，因此本套听力部分不再反复給出。PartⅢ ReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices,Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Asifyouneededanotherreasontohatethegym,itnowturnsoutthatexercisecanexhaustnotonlyyourmuscles,butalsoyoureyes.Fearnot,however,forcoffeecanstimulatethemagain.During(26)_______exercise,ourmusclestireastheyrunoutoffuelandbuildupwasteproducts.Muscleperformancecanalsobeaffectedbya(27)_______called"centralfatigue,”inwhichanimbalanceinthebody’schemicalmessengerspreventsthecentralnervoussystemfromdirectingmusclemovements（28)_______.Itwasnotknown,however,whethercentralfatiguemightalsoaffectmotorsystemsnotdirectly(29) _______intheexerciseitself,suchasthosethatmovetheeyes.Tofindout,researchersgave11volunteercyclistsacarbohydrate(碳水化合物的）(30)_______eitherwithamoderatedoseofcaffeine(咖啡因)，whichisknowntostimulatethecentralnervoussystem,orasaplacebo(安慰剂）without,during3hoursof(31)_______.Afterexercising,thescientiststestedthecyclistswitheyetrackingcamerastoseehowwelltheirbrainscouldstill(32)_______theirvisualsystem.Theteamfoundthatexercisereducedthespeedofrapideyemovementsbyabout8%,(33)_______theirabilitytocapturenewvisualinformation.Thecaffeine,theequivalentoftwostrongcupsofcoffee,was(34)_______toreversethiseffect,withsomecyclistsevendisplaying(35)_______eyemovementspeeds.Soitmightbeagoodideatogetsomeoneelsetodriveyouhomeafterthatmarathon.注意：此部分试題請在答題卡2上作答。cautiouslyB)commitC)controlD)cyclingE)effectivelyF)increasedG)involvedH)limitedI)phenomenonJ)preventingK)sensitiveL)slowingM)solutionN)sufficientO)vigorousSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.Teamspirit[A]Teamshavebecomethebasicbuildingblocksoforganizations.Recruitmentadvertisementsroutinelycallfor“teamplayers”.Businessschoolsgradetheirstudentsinpartontheirperformanceingroupprojects.Officemanagersknockdownwallstoencourageteambuilding.Teamsareasoldascivilization,ofcourse:evenJesushad12co-workers.ButanewreportbyDeloitte,“GlobalHumanCapitalTrends”,basedonasurveyofmorethan7,000executivesinover130countries,suggeststhatthefashionforteamworkhasreachedanewhigh.Almosthalfofthosesurveyedsaidtheircompanieswereeitherinthemiddleofrestructuringorabouttoembarkon(開始）it;andforthemostpart,restructuringmeantputtingmoreemphasisonteams.[B]Companiesareabandoningconventionalfunctionaldepartmentsandorganisingemployeesintocross-disciplinaryteamsthatfocusonparticularproducts,problemsorcustomers.Theseteamsaregainingmorepowertoruntheirownaffairs.Theyarealsospendingmoretimeworkingwitheachotherratherthanreportingupwards.Deloittearguesthataneworganisationalformisontherise:anetworkofteamsisreplacingtheconventionalhierarchy(等级体制).[C]Thefashionforteamsisdrivenbyasensethattheoldwayoforganisingpeopleistoorigidforboththemodemmarketplaceandtheexpectationsofemployees.Technologicalinnovationplacesgreatervalueonagility(灵活性).JohnChambers,chairmanofCiscoSystemsInc.,aworldwideleaderinelectronicsproducts,saysthat“wecompeteagainstmarkettransitions(過渡)，notcompetitors.Producttransitionsusedtotakefiveorsevenyears;nowtheytakeoneortwo.”Digitaltechnologyalsomakesiteasierforpeopletoco-ordinatetheiractivitieswithoutresortingtohierarchy.The“millennials”(仟禧一代)whowillsoonmakeuphalftheworkforceinrichcountrieswereraisedfromnurseryschoolonwardstoworkingroups.[D]Thefashionforteamsisalsospreadingfromtheusualcorporatesuspects(suchasGEandIBM)tosomemoreunusualones.TheClevelandClinic,ahospitaloperator,hasreorganiseditsmedicalstaffintoteamstofocusonparticulartreatmentareas;consultants,nursesandotherscollaboratecloselyinsteadofbeingseparatedbyspeciality(专业)andrank.TheUSArmyhasgonethesameway.Inhisbook,“TeamofTeams'GeneralStanleyMcChrystaldescribeshowthearmy’shierarchicalstructurehindereditsoperationsduringtheearlystagesoftheIraqwar.Hissolutionwastolearnsomethingfromtheinsurgentsitwasfighting:decentraliseauthoritytoself-organisingteams.[E]Agoodruleofthumbisthatassoonasgeneralsandhospitaladministratorsjumponamanagementbandwagon,itistimetoaskquestions.LeighThompsonofKelloggSchoolofManagementinIllinoiswarnsthat,‘Teamsarenotalwaystheanswer—teamsmayprovideinsight,creativityandknowledgeinawaythatapersonworkingindependentlycannot;butteamworkmayalsoleadtoconfusion,delayandpoordecision-making.”ThelateRichardHackmanofHarvardUniversityonceargued,“Ihavenoquestionthatwhenyouhaveateam,thepossibilityexiststhatitwillgeneratemagic,producingsomethingextraordinary...Butdon’tcountonit.”[F]Hackman(whodiedin)notedthatteamsarehamperedbyproblemsofco-ordinationandmotivationthatchipawayatthebenefitsofcollaboration.High-flyersforcedtoworkinteamsmaybeundervaluedandfree-ridersempowered.Groupthinkmaybeunavoidable.Inastudyof120teamsofseniorexecutives,hediscoveredthatlessthan10%oftheirsupposedmembersagreedonwhoexactlywasontheteam.Ifitishardenoughtodefineateam’smembership,agreeingonitspurposeisharderstill.[G]Profoundchangesintheworkforcearemakingteamstrickiertomanage.Teamsworkbestiftheirmembershaveastrongcommonculture.Thisishardtoachievewhen,asisnowthecaseinmanybigfirms,alargeproportionofstaffaretemporarycontractors.Teamworkimproveswithtime:America’sNationalTransportationSafetyBoardfoundthat73%oftheincidentsinitscivil-aviationdatabaseoccurredonacrew’sfirstdayofflyingtogether.However,asAmyEdmondsonofHarvardpointsout,organisationsincreasinglyuse“team”asaverbratherthananoun:theyformteamsforspecificpurposesandthenquicklydisbandthem.[H]Theleastthatcanbeconcludedfromthisresearchisthatcompaniesneedtothinkharderaboutmanagingteams.Theyneedtoridtheirmindsofsentimentalism(感情用事)：themostsuccessfulteamshaveleaderswhoareabletosetanoveralldirectionandtakeimmediateaction.Theyneedtokeepteamssmallandfocused:givingintopressuretobemore“inclusive”isaguaranteeofdysfunction.JeffBezos,Amazon’sboss,saysthat“IfIseemorethantwopizzasforlunch,theteamistoobig.”Theyneedtoimmunizeteamsagainstgroup-think:Hackmanarguedthatthebestonescontain“deviants”(离經叛道者）whoarewillingtodosomethingthatmaybeupsettingtoothers.[I]Anewstudyof12,000workersin17countriesbySteelcase,afurniture-makerwhichalsodoesconsulting,findsthatthebestwaytoensureemployeesare“engaged”istogivethemmorecontroloverwhereandhowtheydotheirwork―whichmaymeanliberatingthemfromhavingtodoeverythingincollaborationwithothers.[J]However,organisationsneedtolearnsomethingbiggerthanhowtomanageteamsbetter:theyneedtobeinthehabitofaskingthemselveswhetherteamsarethebesttoolsforthejob.Teambuildingskillsareinshortsupply:Deloittereportsthatonly12%oftheexecutivestheycontactedfeeltheyunderstandthewaypeopleworktogetherinnetworksandonly21%feelconfidentintheirabilitytobuildcross-functionalteams.Looselymanagedteamscanbecomehotbedsofdistraction―employeesroutinelycomplainthattheycan’tgettheirworkdonebecausetheyareforcedtospendtoomuchtimeinmeetingsorcompelledtoworkinnoisyoffices.Evenintheageofopen-planofficesandsocialnetworkssomeworkisbestlefttotheindividual.注意：此部分试題請在答題卡2上作答。Successfulteamleadersknowexactlywheretheteamshouldgoandareabletotakepromptaction.Decentralisationofauthoritywasalsofoundtobemoreeffectiveinmilitaryoperations.Inmanycompanies,theconventionalformoforganisationisgivingwaytoanetworkofteams.Membersofpoorlymanagedteamsareeasilydistractedfromtheirwork.Teamworkismosteffectivewhenteammemberssharethesameculture.AccordingtoareportbyDeloitte,teamworkisbecomingincreasinglypopularamongcompanies.Someteammembersfindithardtoagreeonquestionslikemembershipandtheteam’spurpose.Somescholarsthinkteamworkmaynotalwaysbereliable,despiteitspotentialtoworkwonders.Toensureemployees’commitment,itisadvisabletogivethemmoreflexibilityastowhereandhowtheywork.Producttransitionstakemuchlesstimenowthaninthepast.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.TheShoppersintheUKarespendinglessmoneyontoiletpapertosavemoney,researchhasshown.Penny-pinchingUKconsumerschoosecheaperproductsfromdiscounterssuchasAldiandLidlratherthanluxuryalternatives.Thishaswiped6%offthevalueofthesofttissuepapermarketintheUK.Ithasshrunkfrom£1.19billioninto£1.12billionin,accordingtoanewreportfrommarketresearchcompanyMintel.Furthermore,thefutureofthemarketlooksfarfromrosy,withsalesexpectedtofallfurtherto£1.11billionin.Inthelastyearalone,despiteanincreaseintheUKpopulationandasubsequentriseinthenumberofhouseholds,salesoftoiletpaperfellby2%,withtheaveragehouseholdreducingtheirtoiletrollspendingfrom£43into£41in.Overall,almostthreeinfivepeoplesaytheytrytolimittheirusageofpaper—includingfacialtissueandkitchenroll―tosavemoney.“Strength，softnessandthicknessremaintheleadingindicatorsoftoiletpaperquality,withjustasmallproportionofconsumerspreferringmoreluxuriousalternatives,suchasthosewithflowerpatternsofperfume,saidMintelanalystJackDuckett.''Theseextrafeaturesaredeemedunnecessarybythemajorityofshoppers,whichprobablyreflectshowthesetypesofproductsaretypicallymoreexpensivethanregulartoiletpaper,evenwhenonspecialoffer.”Whileconsumersarespendinglessontoiletpaper,theyremainfussy―intheoryatleast—whenitcomestopaperquality.TopofBritons’toiletpaperwishlistissoftness(57%)followedbystrength(45%)andthickness(36%).Onein10buyersrandtoiletrollsmadefromrecycledpaperamongtheirtopconsiderations,highlightinghowoveralltheenvironmentismuchlessofaconsiderationforshoppersthanproductquality.Inachallengeformanufacturers,81%ofpaperproductuserssaidtheywouldconsiderbuyingrecycledtoilettissueifitwerecomparableinqualitytostandardpaper.注意：此部分试題請在答題卡2上作答。Themarketsalesoftoiletpaperhavedecreasedbecause .BritonshavecuttheirspendingonititspriceshavegoneupovertheyearsitsqualityhasseenmarkedimprovementBritonshavedevelopedthehabitofsavingWhatdoestheauthorthinkofthefutureofthetissuepapermarketintheUK?Itwillexpendintime.Itwillremaingloomy.Itwillexperienceupsanddowns.Itwillrecoveraspopulationgrows.WhatdoesJackDuckettsayabouttoiletpaper?Specialofferswouldpromoteitssales.Consumersareloyaltocertainbrands.C) Luxuriousfeaturesaddmuchtotheprice.D) Consumershaveavarietytochoosefrom.49.WhatdowelearnaboutBritonsconcerningtoiletpaper?A) Theyareparticularaboutthequalityoftoiletpaper.B) Theyemphasizethestrengthoftoiletpaperthemost.C) Theyprefercheaptoiletpapertorecycledtoiletpaper.D) Theyrejectusingtoiletpaperwithunnecessaryfeatures.50.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A) MoreandmoreBritonsbuyrecycledtoilerpapertoprotecttheenvironment.B) Toiletpapermanufacturersarefacingagreatchallengeinpromotingitssales.C) Toiletpapermanufacturerscompetewithoneanothertoimproveproductquality.D) EnvironmentalprotectionisnotmuchofaconcernwhenBritonsbuytoiletpaper.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.“OneofthereasonsIfindthistopicveryinterestingisbecausemymomwasasmokerwhenIwasyounger，”saysLindson-Hawley,whostudiestobaccoandhealthattheUniversityofOxford.Bystudyingabout700adultsmokers,shefoundoutthathermomquittherightway—bystoppingabruptlyandcompletely.Inherstudy,participantswererandomly(随机地）assignedtotwogroups.Onehadtoquitabruptlyonagivenday,goingfromaboutapackadaytozero.Theothercutdowngraduallyoverthecourseoftwoweeks.Peopleinbothgroupsusednicotine(尼古丁）patchesbeforetheyquit,inadditiontoasecondformofnicotinereplacement,likegumorspray.Theyalsohadtalktherapywithanursebeforeandafterquitday.Sixmonthsout,morepeoplewhohadquitabruptlyhadstuckwithit—morethanone-fifthofthem,comparedtoaboutone-seventhintheothergroup.Althoughthesenumbersappearlow,itismuchhigherthanifpeopletrywithoutsupport.Andthequitrateswereparticularlyconvincinggiventhatbeforethestudystarted,mostofthepeoplehadsaidthey’drathercutdowngraduallybeforequitting.“Ifyou’retrainingforamarathon,youwouldn’texpecttoturnupandjustbeabletorunit.AndIthinkpeopleseethatforsmokingaswell.Theythink,‘Well，ifIgraduallyreduce,it’slikepractice，’”saysLindson-Hawley.Butthatwasn’tthecase.Insteadofgivingpeoplepractice,thegradualreductionlikelygavethemcravings(瘾）andwithdrawalsymptomsbeforetheyevenreachedquitday,whichcouldbewhyfewerpeopleinthatgroupactuallymadeittothatpoint.“Regardlessofyourstatedpreference,ifyou’rereadytoquit,quittingabruptlyismoreeffective,”saysDr.GabrielaFerreira.“Whenyoucanquoteaspecificnumberlikeafifthofthepatientswereabletoquit,that’scompelling.Itgivesthemtheencouragement,Ithink,toreallygoforit，’’Ferreirasays.Peoplerarelymanagetoquitthefirsttimetheytry.Butatleast,shesays,theycanmaximizetheoddsofsuccess.注意：此部分试題請在答題卡2上作答。51.WhatdoesLindson-Hawleysayabouthermother?A) Shequitsmokingwithherdaughter’shelp.B) Shesucceededinquittingsmokingabruptly.C) Shewasalsoaresearcheroftobaccoandhealth.D) Shestudiedthesmokingpatternsofadultsmokers.52.WhatkindofsupportdidsmokersreceivetoquitsmokinginLindson-Hawley’sstudy?A) Theyweregivenphysicaltraining.B) Theywerelookedafterbyphysicians.C) Theywereencouragedbypsychologists.D) Theywereofferednicotinereplacements.53.HowdoesDr.GabrielaFerreiraviewtheresultofLindson-Hawley’sexperiment?A) Itisidealized.B) Itisunexpected.C) Itisencouraging.D) Itismisleading.54. Theideaof“amarathon”（Line2,Para.5)illustratesthepopularbeliefthatquittingsmokingA) issomethingfewcanaccomplishB) needssomepracticefirstC) requiresalotofpatienceD) isachallengeatthebeginning55. Whathappenswhenpeopletrytoquitsmokinggradually?A) Theyfinditevenmoredifficult.B) Theyaresimplyunabletomakeit.C) Theyshowfewerwithdrawalsymptoms.D) Theyfeelmuchlesspainintheprocess.PartIVTranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.黄河是亚洲第三、世界第六長的河流。“黄”這個字描述的是其河水浑浊的颜色。黄河发源于青海，流經九個省份，最终注入渤海。黄河是中国赖以生存的几条河流之一。黄河流域(riverbasin)是中国古代文明的诞生地，也是中国初期历史上最繁华的地区。然而，由于极具破壞力的洪水频发，黄河曾导致多次灾害。在過去几拾年裏，政府采用了多种措施防止灾害发生。注意：此部分试題請在答題卡2上作答。

参照答案26272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950OIEGMDCJNFHDBJGAFEICABCAD5152535455BDCBA翻译第三套答案：黄河是亚洲第三、世界第六長的河流。“黄”這個字描述的是其河水浑浊的颜色。黄河发源于青海，流經九個省份，最终注入渤海。黄河是中国赖以生存的几条河流之一。黄河流域（riverb