2024届高考英语 二轮复习 阅读理解 模拟练习（有答案解析）

Passage1

AsIlayhereinmyhard,uncomfortablehospitalbed,allIcouldthinkaboutwashow

badlyIwantedtoleavethisplace.Ithadbeenfourdaysofdoctorsgivingbadnews,medicine

injections,procedures,MRIsandrestlessnights.Ihadbeenabletoeatonemealadaydueto

thesurgeriesIwasscheduledforlater.Iaskedmymumtobringmemycarkeysandonmy

keychaintherewasasoftpieceofleathermadefrommyfirstbaseballglove.Shelooked

worriedandsad,handingthekeychaintome.Inthefibresoftheleatherweresomany

memoriesthathadtransformedmeasaperson.

Igrabbedmykeysandtouchedasmoothpieceofleather.Itwasanicecoffeebrownand

about3inchesinlength.EverytimeItouchedit,Iwouldthinkofonething-baseball.The

keychainwasmadefrommyfirstbaseballglovethatIcherishedsomuch.Itcarriedgreat

momentslikechampionshipsaswellasmomentswhenIstruckoutandlost.

Allofasudden,mynursewalkedinandIjumpedwhenIheardhervoice.Shedidn't

meantointerrupt,butIneededmoremedicine.Oncesheleft,Ifocusedbackandgraspedthe

cowhide.Irubbedmyfingersupanddownjustfeelingthisreminderofthegame.Ittookme

onawildroadtripthroughmybrainandIwouldstopateachbaseballmemory.ThistimeI

begantopicturethepeoplethatwereinvolvedinmybaseballlife.

Iopenedmyeyes,realisingtheroadtripthatIusedtobeonhadgonewiththewind.My

gazeshiftedtotheclockontheoppositewall.Almostanhourhadpassed!Evenintough

timesthethingsandpeopleyoulovecouldhelpyouescapeandyouwouldgetoverallthe

difficulties.

l.Whatmadetheauthor9smotherworried?

A.Theauthor9sskillinbaseball.

B.Theauthor9sattitudetohislife.

C.Theauthor9spresentsituation.

D.Thepoorconditionofthehospital.

2.Whydidtheauthortreasurethekeychain?

A.Itbroughtbackplentyofmemories.

B.Itwassoftandcomfortabletotouch.

C.Ithadwitnessedhisgreatmoments.

D.Itwasmadefromoneofhisbaseballgloves.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“cowhide“inparagraph3mean?

A.Medicine.B.Baseball.

C.Glove.D.Leather.

4.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

A.Theauthorfeelsdepressed.

B.Theauthorisconfidentofhisfuture.

C.Theauthorcherisheshispastexperience.

D.Theauthorfeelstiredofthelifeinthehospital.

Passage2

Whatshouldwegetforourkidsthisholiday?Aschildrengetolder,givingthem

somethingtheycanexperienceinsteadofmaterialthingsmakesthemhappier,accordingtoa

newresearchledbyChaplin.

Theresearchcomparesthelevelofhappinesschildrengetfrommaterialthingswiththat

fromexperiences.Theresultsshowsthatchildrenaged3through12getmorehappinessfrom

materialthingsthanfromexperiences.However,olderchildrengetmorehappinessfrom

experiencesthanfromtheirpossessions.

“Itmeansexperiencesarehighlypreferredbyadolescents,notjustexpensivematerial

things,“Chaplinsays.Shecontinuesexplaining/'Don91getmewrong.Youngchildrendo

loveexperiences.Andgiventhisconcept,themeparkssuchasDisneylandarebeingbuilt

everywhere.Infact,youngchildrenareexcitedthroughouttheexperience.However,for

experiencestoprovidelastinghappiness,childrenmustbeabletorecalldetailsoftheevents."

Longaftertheyhaveunwrappedtheirtoys,therewillstillbeaphysicalremindertogive

themhappiness.However,youngchildrencan'tseeortouchexperiencesaftertheyareover,

makingitharderforthemtoappreciateexperiencesafteralongtime.There'saneasyfix,

though,accordingtoChaplin.

“Takepicturesorvideosoffamilywalks,playinginthesnow,andbirthdayparties/9she

says.6aChildrenarelikelytoappreciatethoseexperiencesmoreifthereissomethingtoremind

themoftheevent.Additionally,they'llbeabletolearnthesocialvalueofshared

experiences.^^

Childrenwillrememberandappreciatenotonlythebirthdaygiftstheyreceived,butalso

thetimespentwithfamilyandfriendsastheyrecalltheexperiencethroughconcrete

reminderssuchasphotosandvideos.

Sincememoryisdevelopedovertime,it'slikelythatchildren,especiallyyoungones,

maynotgetasmuchhappinessfrompastexperiencesasfrompossessions.Butwithage,

creatingnewmemoriesandexploringnewinterestsmaybefarmorevaluablethangetting

possessions.

5.WhyarethemeparksspringingupaccordingtoChaplin?

A.Theycanofferchildrenlastinghappiness.

B.Eventsinthemarecentredonspecificthemes.

C.Directinvolvementineventstherecaterstochildren.

D.Kidshaveanaffectionfortheatmospheretheyoffer.

6.Theunderlinedword"fix"inparagraph4canbereplacedby"

A.solutionB.arrangement

C.preparationD.focus

7.WhichofthefollowingwouldChaplinprobablyagreewith?

A.Videosappealtochildrenmorethangifts.

B.Toysarenotkids9cupoftea.

C.Olderchildrenvaluefamilytimemorethanyoungerones.

D.Physicalremindershelprememberpastexperiencesbetter.

8.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A.Experiencesarebettergiftsforolderchildren.

B.Socialvaluesshouldbeputinthefirstplace.

C.Newinterestsaremostpreciousforchildren.

D.Materialpossessionsbringmorehappinesstochildren.

Passage3

Withlunarexplorationrocketing,itposesmanychallenges.Amongthemisa

fundamentalquestionmetrologists(计量学家)worldwideareworkingtoanswer:whattimeis

itontheMoon?

TheMoondoesn'tcurrentlyhaveanindependenttime.Eachlunarmissionusesitsown

timescaletocoordinateduniversaltime,orUTC-thestandardagainstwhichtheearth's

clocksareset.TheapproachworkswhentheMoonhostsahandfulofindependentmissions,

butitwillbeaproblemwhentherearemultiplecraftworkingtogether.Spaceagencieswill

alsowanttotrackthemusingsatellitenavigation,whichreliesonprecisetimingsignals.

Themostpressingneedforlunartimecomesfromplanstocreateadedicatedglobal

navigationsatellitesystem(GNSS)fortheMoon.Totacklethisproblem,representativesof

spaceagenciesandacademicorganizationsworldwidemetinNovember2022tostart

draftingrecommendationsonhowtodefinelunartime.

Defininglunartimeisnotsimple.AccordingtotheSpecialTheoryofRelativity,clocks

tickslowerinstrongergravitationalfields.TheMoon'sgravitationalpullisweakerthan

Earth's,meaningalunarclockwouldrunfasterthananEarthone.

Definingalunarstandard,withwhichallclocksarecompared,willinvolveinstallingat

leastthreemasterclocksthattickattheMoon'snaturalpace,andwhoseoutputiscombined

byanalgorithm（算法）togenerateamoreaccurate'virtual'timepiece.

Whathappensthendependsonwhichoptionmetrologistschoose.Theymightdecideto

baselunartimeonUTC.Thealternativewouldbetousethesynthesized（同步）outputofthe

lunaratomicclocksastheMoon'sownindependent,continuoustime,andtotrackits

relationshiptoUTC.Thatway,eveniftheconnectionwithEarthislost,clocksontheMoon

willstillagreewitheachother,allowingsafenavigationandcommunications.

Settinglunartimeispartofamuchbiggerpicture.Itwillonedayworkforthemore-

distantplanetsthatspaceagenciesareultimatelytargeting,suchasMars.

9.What9sthemainideaofparagraph2?

A.TheworkingprincipleofUTC.

B.Theachievementsofspacemission.

C.Theurgencytodevelopsatellitenavigation.

D.Theproblemofcurrentlunartimingmethod.

lO.Whatisthemajorbarriertodefininglunartime?

A.Lackofprofessionalguidance.

B.Thedisagreementamongmetrologists.

C.DifferentgravitationalpullontheMoon.

D.Thecomplexityofinstallingmasterclocks.

ll.WhafstheadvantageofdefiningtheMoon'sindependenttime?

A.KeepingtheclocksontheMooncorresponding.

B.PreventingspacecraftlosingconnectionwiththeEarth.

C.Helpinghumanslandonthemore-distantplanets.

D.MakingiteasiertosynchronizewithUTCallthetime.

12.What'sthebesttitleofthetext?

A.WhatTimeIsItontheMoon?

B.WhenwillManSettleontheMoon?

C.Lunarexploration:ACareerBoundtoRevive

D.GNSS:AMorePreciseLunarTrackingSystem

Passage4

Neuroscientists（神经科学家）nowknowthatbrainmaturation（成熟）occursfarlater

thanpreviouslythought.Greatchangesinbrainarestilltakingplaceduringyoungadulthood,

especiallyintheregionsthatareimportantforplanningahead,expectingthefutureresultsof

one'sdecisions,andcomparingriskandreward.Indeed,somebrainregionsdonotreachfull

maturityuntiltheearly20s.Shouldthisnewknowledgemakeusrethinkwherewedrawlegal

boundariesbetweenkidsandadults?

Maybe.Butifsnotassimpleasitseemsfortworeasons.

First,differentbrainregionsmaturealongwithdifferenttimetables.Thereisnosingle

ageatwhichtheadolescentbrainbecomesanadultbrain.Systemsresponsibleforlogical

reasoningmaturewhenpeopleare16,butthoseinvolvedinself-regulationarestill

developinginyoungadulthood.Thisiswhy16-year-oldsarejustascapableasadultswhenit

comestopermittinginformedmedicalpapers,butarestillimmatureinwaysthatreducetheir

criminalresponsibility,astheSupremeCourthasnotedinseveralrecentcases.Using

differentagesfbrdifferentlegalboundariesseemsstrange,butitwouldmakeneuroscientific

senseifwediditreasonably.

Second,sciencehasneverhadmuchinfluenceonthesedecisions.Ifitdid,wewouldn't

havelivedinasocietythatallowsteenagerstodrivebeforetheycanbuybeer.Age

boundariesaredrawnmainlyfbrpoliticalreasons,notscientificones.It'sapitythat

Neurosciencewon'thavemuchofanimpactonpoliticsalthoughitisalwayscorrect.

Childrenaresochangeableintheirgrowthandhowculturesunderstandchild

developmentissodifferent.Itispointlesstotrytodeterminethe“right“ageofmaturation.

TheDutch,forexample,allowchildrentodrinkalcoholattheageof16butnottodriveuntil

theyare19.EvenifIfirmlybelievelegaldecisionsshouldrefertoNeuroscienceseriously

andifsagoodideatolowerthedrinkingageandraisethedrivingageintheUS,Irecognize

thatthegovernmentmightneveracceptit.

13.Whatcanwelearnaboutbrainmaturationaccordingtothepassage?

A.A11thebrainareasbecomematureatthesametime.

B.Scientists9brainmaturesmuchearlierthanpoliticians9.

C.Theregioninchargeoflogicalreasoningisn'tmatureuntil18.

D.Thetimeofbrainmaturationisnotasearlyasthoughtbefore.

14.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsNeuroscience?

A.Favorable.B.Skeptical.

C.Indifferent.D.Intolerant.

15.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

Alt'sillegalforaDutchboytodriveattheageof16.

B.ThecultureoftheDutchismuchbetterthanthatoftheUSA.

C.Ifsofgreatvaluetodeterminetherightageofmaturation.

D.Theinfluenceofscienceonlawandpolicymakingisverybig.

16.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.ShouldChildrenLearnfromCapableAdults?

B.CanNeuroscienceCreateMatureScientists?

C.ShouldNeuroscienceAffectLawDecisions?

D.CanChildrenDriveandDrinkBeerLikeAdults?

Passage5

Anewstudylooksathowpetsprovideimportantsupportthroughpetting,cuddles（拥抱）,

andafrequentphysicalpresence.Thisisespeciallykeywhenpeoplefeellonely.

Theresearchersinterviewed32peopleaged59to83.Petsincludeddogs,cats,birds,etc.

Morethan90%ofthepeoplespokeabouttouchintherelationshipwiththeir

pets/'Participantsoftendescribedtouch-basedinteractionswiththeirpetsasbeing

comfortingorrelaxinginawaythatcontributedtotheiroverallwell-being,99theresearchers

say/Torourparticipants,comfortisthesenseofbeingsomehowcaredforbyanotherbeing."

Manypeopleinthestudyspokeabouthowtheirpetsjustseemedto"know"whenthey

weren'tfeelingwellandthey'dmovetogetphysicallynearthem.Differentpetswerebetter

atprovidingcomfort,someparticipantsinsisted.Manysaidcatsweremorerelaxingthan

dogs,whileotherssaiddogscouldberelaxingaslongastheywere“therightkindofdog”.

Butalmostallpetsprovidedsomesortofcomforttotheirownerswhenitcametotouch.

JanetteYoung,lecturerinhealthsciencesattheUniversityofSouthAustralia,andher

teamuncoveredaninterestingthingaboutthepet-humanrelationship.Peopleinthestudy

oftenspokeabouthowtheiranimalsdemandedtobepettedorseemedtotakejoyinthe

interaction.This,inturn,madethehumansfeelgood.

Theresearcherssuggestthatpetscanbe"helpfulinreducingtouchdeprivation（匮乏）”

andthebenefitscancomefromallkindsofpets.Thisconnectioncanbeparticularly

importantinhealthcareandseniorcaresettingswherepatientsandworkersarelesslikelyto

beabletoseefriendsandfamily;yettouchisimportantandcanimprovehealthand

happiness.

Petscanalsoofferbenefitsthatinsomecasespeoplecan'tofler/'Relationshipswith

petsaredifferenttothosewithhumans/9Youngsays.uAnimalsdon'tjudgeandarealways

withus.”

17.Aboutwhatdidsomeparticipantsholddifferentopinions?

A.Whatpetswerebetteratprovidingcomfort.

B.Whetherpetscouldmakethemfeelrelaxed.

C.Howtheyfeltwhentheirpetstouchedthem.

D.Whenpetscouldnoticetheirowners'discomfort.

18.WhatdidJanetteYoungfindaboutthepet-humanrelationship?

A.Itisfullofjudgments.

B.Itturnsouttemporary.

C.Itbenefitsbothparties.

D.Itisdeterminedbypets.

19.Whatmayresearcherssuggesthospitalsdo?

A.Encouragepetconnectionprogrammes.

B.Raisepetstoreducehumantouch.

C.Selectthebestpetcompanions.

D.Orderworkers9friendstopayvisits.

2O.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?

A.Humansneedspiritualsupport.

B.Pet-humaninteractionsarecommon.

C.Lonelypeoplelikelivingwithpets.

D.Petsofferhumanstouch-basedcomfort.

Passage6

Whenputtotests,beeshavelongprovedthatthey'vegotalotmoretoofferthan

pollinating（授粉），makinghoneyandbeingloyaltoaqueen.Thehard-workinginsectscan

changetheirbehaviorwhenthingsseemdifficult,andnowsomescientistsfindthereisproof

thattheyalsoliketoplay.

ScientistsfromQueenMaryUniversityofLondonperformedanexperiment,inwhich

theysetupacontainerthatallowedbeestotravelfromtheirnesttoafeedingarea.Butalong

theway,thebeescouldchoosetopassthroughaseparatesectionwithsomesmallwooden

balls.Over18days,thescientistswatchedasthebees“wentoutoftheirwaytorollwooden

ballsrepeatedly,despitenoapparentincentive（刺激）todoso.”

Earlierstudieshaveshownthattheblackandyellowbugsarewillingtolearnnewtricks

inexchangeforfoodorotherrewards.Inthiscase,togetridofexternalfactors,scientists

madesurethebeeshadadaptedtotheirnewhomeandthattheirenvironmentwasstress-free.

Thefindingsuggeststhatlikehumans,insectsalsointeractwithobjectsasaformof

play.Alsosimilartopeople,youngerbeesseemtobemoreplayfulthanadultbees."This

researchprovidesastrongindicationthatinsectmindsarefarmorecomplicatedthanwe

imagine.Therearelotsofanimalswhoplayjustforthepurposeofenjoyment,butmost

examplescomefromyoungmammals（哺孚L动物）andbirds,“saidLarsChittka,aprofessor

ofsensoryandbehavioralecologyatQueenMaryUniversityofLondon,wholedthestudy.

Thestudy9sfirstauthor,SamadiGalpay,whoisaPhDstudentatQueenMary

UniversityofLondon,statesthatitismoreevidentthatbeesmaybecapableofexperiencing

feelings.66Theymayactuallyexperiencesomekindofpositiveemotionalstates,evenifbasic,

likeotherlargeranimalsdo.Thisfindinghaseffectsonourunderstandingofthesenseand

welfareofinsects,which,consequently,encouragesustorespectandprotectwildlifeon

Earthevermore,“shesays.

21.Whatisthenewfindingaboutbees?

A.Theyarefondofhavingfun.

B.Theyarefaithfultothequeen.

C.Theyareadaptabletochanges.

D.Theyareskilledatrollingballs.

22.Howdidscientistsremoveexternalinfluencesintheexperiment?

A.Byteachingbeesnewtricks.

B.Byrewardingbeeswithfood.

C.Bymakingbeesfeelathome.

D.Bybuildingnewhomesforbees.

23.WhatareLarsChittka'swordsmainlyabout?

A.Theformsofbees9interaction.

B.Thecomplexityofbees9minds.

C.Theexamplesofmammals9play.

D.Thepurposeofmammals9enjoyment.

24.WhatdoesSamadiGalpaysayaboutthestudyresult?

A.Itbacksuppriorunderstandingofinsects.

B.Itrevealsreasonsforbees'positivefeelings.

C.Itdrivesresearchonanimals9emotionalstate.

D.ItcontributestowildlifeconservationonEarth.

【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己生病住院期间,在最难熬的日子里回

忆起了很多过去的时光并对未来充满了希望。

1.C解析推理判断题。根据第一段的

Stlthadbeenfourdaysofdoctorsgivingbadnews,medicineinjections,procedures,MRIsandrestlessn

ights.”可知，作者的状况不好,这让他的妈妈非常担心。故选C项。

2.A解析细节理解题。根据第一段的

''Inthefibresoftheleatherweresomanymemoriesthathadtransformedmeasaperson.''可知，因为

钥匙链承载着很多回忆，因此作者很珍惜它。故选A项。

3.D解析词义猜测题。根据第三段的

"Irubbedmyfingersupanddownjustfeelingthisreminderofthegame.Ittookmeonawildroadtripthr

oughmybrainandIwouldstopateachbaseballmemory.^^可矢口,cowhide指第二段首句

“Igrabbedmykeysandtouchedasmoothpieceofleather.”中提到的leather0故选D项。

4.B解析推理判断题。根据最后一段的

"Tvenintoughtimesthethingsandpeopleyoulovecouldhelpyouescapeandyouwouldgetoverallthe

difficulties.”可知，作者对未来很有信心。故选B项。

【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，随着孩子年龄的增长，给他们一些可以体

验的东西比给他们物质的东西可以使孩子们更快乐。

5.C解析细节理解题。根据第三段的

ttItmeansexperiencesarehighlypreferredbyadolescents,notjustexpensivematerialthings,...Andgi

venthisconcept,themeparkssuchasDisneylandarebeingbuilteverywhere.Infact,youngchildrenar

eexcitedthroughouttheexperience.^^可知，参与活动更能迎合孩子的喜好,这正是主题公园

兴起的原因。故选C项。

6.A解析词义猜测题。根据画线词前一句

“However,youngchildrencan'tseeortouchexperiencesaftertheyareover,makingitharderforthemt

oappreciateexperiencesafteralongtime.”可知，画线词fix应为"解决方法”之意。故选A

项。

7.D解析细节理解题。根据第六段内容可知，孩子能通过有形的事情，比如照片和视

频，更好地回忆过去的美好。故选D项。

8.A解析推理判断题。根据第一段中的

6'Aschildrengetolder,givingthemsomethingtheycanexperienceinsteadofmaterialthingsmakesth

emhappier...”可知,给孩子们一些可以体验的东西,会让他们更快乐；再根据第二段中的

“However,olderchildrengetmorehappinessfromexperiencesthanfiromtheirpossessions.“可知,

年龄稍大的孩子从经历中获得的快乐比从他们拥有的东西中获得的多。由此可推断,经

历对年长的孩子来说是更好的礼物。故选A项。

【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是设定月球时间的必要性、面临的

挑战，以及设定月球时间的方案。

9.D解析段落大意题。根据第二段中的

aa

TheapproachworkswhentheMoonhostsahandfulofindependentmissions?butitwillbeaproblem

whentherearemultiplecraftworkingtogether.Spaceagencieswillalsowanttotrackthemusingsatell

itenavigation^whichreliesonprecisetimingsignals.^XT知，当多个飞船共同工作时，当前的月

球计时方法就会出现问题,而且航天机构依赖精确的时间来跟踪飞船,这时月球计时会

产生很多问题。因此本段介绍当前月球计时方法存在的问题。故选D项。

10.C解析细节理解题。根据第四段中的

6<Defininglunartimeisnotsimple.AccordingtotheSpecialTheoryofRelativity,clockstickslowerin

strongergravitationalfields.TheMoon^gravitationalpullisweakerthanEarth^jmeaningalunarcl

ockwouldrunfasterthananEarthone.,9nT知,设定月球时间的障碍是月球上的引力。故选C

项。

11.A解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的

"ThealtemativewouldbetousethesynthesizedoutputofthelunaratomicclocksastheMoon^ownin

dependent,continuoustime,andtotrackitsrelationshiptoUTC.Thatway,eveniftheconnectionwith

Earthislost,clocksontheMoonwillstillagreewitheachother,allowingsafenavigationandcommuni

cations.”可知,设定月球独立的时间后，即使失去与地球的联系，月球上的时间也可以始

终保持一致。故选A项。

12.A解析标题归纳题。根据第一段中的

^Withlunarexplorationrocketingjtposesmanychallenges.Amongthemisafundamentalquestion

metrologistsworldwideareworkingtoanswer:whattimeisitontheMoon?''及下文中分析设定月

球时间的必要性、面临的挑战及方案可知,本文主要是围绕着设定独立月球时间展开，

因此A项“月球上几点了?”与主题内容吻合。故选A项。

【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要议论了神经科学家对人类大脑的成熟有了

新的认知，即大脑成熟的时间比以前认为的要晚一些这一认知是否应该让我们重新思考

孩子和成年人之间的法律界限，即神经科学的结论能否影响法律决定的制定。但实际而

言事情看上去并不是那么简单，由此文章解释了两个原因，对该问题进行了否定回答。

13.D解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的

“Neuroscientistsnowknowthatbrainmaturationoccursfarlaterthanpreviouslythought.“可知，大

脑成熟的时间并不像以前想象的那么早。故选D项。

14.A解析推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的

t€It,sapitythatNeurosciencewon,thavemuchofanimpactonpoliticsalthoughitisalwayscorrect.,,ljZ

及最后一段中的

'TveniflfirmlybelievelegaldecisionsshouldrefertoNeuroscienceseriouslyandifsagoodideatolo

werthedrinkingageandraisethedrivingageintheUS”可知,作者认为神经科学给出的结论是正

确的，只是它没有受到政治的关注,未对政治产生重大影响。由此推断作者对神经科学

持有的是支持的态度。故选A项。

15.A解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中的

''TheDutch,fbrexarnple,allowchildrentodrinkalcoholattheageofl6butnottodriveuntiltheyare19.”

可知,荷兰是允许16岁的孩子喝酒的，但是19岁才能开车,所以19岁以下开车是违法

的。故选A项。

16.C解析标题归纳题。根据第一段中的

"Neuroscientistsnowknowthatbrainmaturationoccursfarlaterthanpreviouslythought.'^'Shouldt

hisnewknowledgemakeusrethinkwhe