黑龙江省哈尔滨市第三中学2025届高三英语下学期第一次模拟试题含解析

PAGE26-黑龙江省哈尔滨市第三中学2025届高三英语下学期第一次模拟试题（含解析）本试卷分为第I卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。第I卷1至7页，第Ⅱ卷7至8页。考试结束，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第I卷留意事项：1.答第I卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上所对应题目的答案标号框涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号框。不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatisthewomandoing?A.Walking.B.Driving.C.Running.2.Whatbookhastheman’ssistergot?A.Amedicalbook.B.AChinesetextbook.C.AnEnglishtextbook.3.Whoisill?A.Theman.B.Thewoman.C.Theman’sbrother.4.Whatdoesthemanimply?A.Hisbrotherwillwatchthegame.B.Heisn’tinterestedinthegame.C.Hisbrotherwillplayinthegame.5.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?AMotherandson.B.Hostessandguest.C.Waitressandcustomer.其次节（共15小题:每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6至8题。6.Whatdayisittoday?A.Wednesday.B.Thursday.C.Friday.7.Howwilltheman’sbrothercome?A.Bytrain.B.Bycar.C.Byair.8.WhatwillthewomandoonFridaynight?A.MeetProfessorSmith.B.Celebrateherbirthday.C.Attendalecture.听第7段材料，回答第9至11题。9.Whendoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Atthebeginningofaclass.B.Inthemiddleofaclass.C.Betweentheclasses.10.Whydidn’ttheboyansweranyquestionsonthehomework?A.Hefoundthemdifficult.B.Hereadthewrongchapter.C.Heforgottoreadthechapter.11.Howdidtheboygettoschoolthismorning?A.Onfoot.B.Bybus.C.Bybike.听第8段材料，回答第12至14题。12.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inalibrary.B.Inanoffice.C.Inaclassroom.13.Howmanybrothersandsistersdoesthemanhave?A.5.B.3.C.2.14.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkabout?A.Love.B.Friendship.C.Afamily.听第9段材料，回答第15至17题。15.Whatwasthewoman’sfavoritesubjectincollege?A.Law.B.English.C.French.16.Howlongdidthewomanworkinthelastcompany?A.About4years.B.About6years.C.About9years.17.Whatisthewoman’sgreatestconcern?A.Salary.B.Furthereducation.C.Paidleaves.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.WhatwastherelationshipbetweenthespeakerandPaulatfirst?A.Classmates.B.Workmates.C.Boyfriendandgirlfriend.19.Howdidtherestaurantowneracknowledgethespeaker’swork?A.Heofferedherfreemeals.B.Hegaveheradiscountonmeals.C.Hepaidherahighsalary.20.Whatchangedthespeaker’simpressionofPaul?A.HisrelationshipwithSophie.B.Hissuperbcooking.C.Hisdevotiontowork.其次部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AHPPhotoandDocumentAll-in-OnePrintersaredesignedforfamiliesandotherhomeuserswhowantadevicecapableofprintingeverythingfromdocuments,emailsandwebpagestorich,brightlab-qualityphotos—withcopyandscantoolstoo.Intendedtobeusedwithinkcartridges(墨盒)usingonlyHPoriginalelectronicsystem.Cartridgeswithmodifiedornon-HPelectronicsystemmaynotwork,andthosethatworktodaymaynotworkinthefuture.Twiceasmanyphotos.PrintuptotwiceasmanypageswithOriginalHPhigh-yieldinkcartridges.HP64inkcartridgesdeliverauthenticcolorssoallyourprintswillshine.Createwonderfulborderlessphotosandleaflets—rightinyourhome.Thepowerofyourprinterinthepalmofyourhand.Printingphotosjustgoteasier—fromsocialmedia,thecloud,andyourcamera-rollgallery.Amazingscanning,nowonyoursmartphone.Scanandsharetoemailorthecloud—fromvirtuallyanywhere.Orderinginkhasneverbeeneasier—directlythroughtheapp.Easilyprintphotosandeverydaydocumentsdirectlyfromyoursmartphoneortablet.Anewlevelofwirelessconnectivityyoucancounton.GetsimpleWi-Fisetupinminutes,andstartprintingfast.Return&exchangeinformationHPwillacceptreturnsorexchangesforthisproductupto30daysafterdelivery.Arestockingfeemayapply.1.Whichstatementistrueofthistypeofprinter?A.Itisaportableprinterdesignedforhomeandofficeuse.B.Itisamulti-functionprinterproducinghigh-qualityphotos.C.Itisaneasy-operationprinterwithatwo-yearfreecarepack.D.Itisawireless-connectedprintersupportedbymodifiedcartridges.2.Whichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribeitsinkcartridges?A.Cost-effective. B.Unavailable.C.Automatic. D.Eco-friendly.3.Ifyouorderthistypeofprinteronlinetoday,___________.A.youcanreturnitwithoutbeingcharged. B.youcansave$18.C.youcangetacarepackondiscount. D.youwillreceiveittomorrow.【答案】1.B2.A3.D【解析】本文是说明文。介绍了一款能生产高质量照片的多功能打印机，内容涉及其功能、特点、订购方式和退换货信息。【1题详解】细微环节理解题。依据第一段HPPhotoandDocumentAll-in-OnePrintersaredesignedforfamiliesandotherhomeuserswhowantadevicecapableofprintingeverythingfromdocuments,emailsandwebpagestorich,brightlab-qualityphotos—withcopyandscantoolstoo.这款打印机专为家庭和其他家庭用户设计，这种设备能够用复制和扫描工具打印文件、电子邮件、网页、丰富光明的试验室质量的照片等一切东西。由此可知这是一款能生产高质量照片的多功能打印机。故选B。【2题详解】推理推断题。依据第三段PrintuptotwiceasmanypageswithOriginalHPhigh-yieldinkcartridges.HP64inkcartridgesdeliverauthenticcolorssoallyourprintswillshine.Createwonderfulborderlessphotosandleaflets—rightinyourhome.可知这种打印机的墨盒能打印两倍的页面，色调真实，能创建出精彩的无边界照片和传单。买这种墨盒是很划算的，物有所值。故选A。【3题详解】细微环节理解题。依据左侧表格中shipswithin1businessday介绍的1个工作日到达，可知假如今日网上订购这款打印机，明天就能收到货。故选D。BIliveinasecond-floorflatwithanancienttreerightonthecornerofthehouse.Houseandtreehavebeenhere,sidebyside,forwelloveracentury.Noonereallyknowshowoldthetreeis,butitwasalreadytherewhenbuildersstartedonthehouseatthebeginningofthe1900s.Itwasstillratheryoungandflexiblebackthensoiteasilywelcomedthenewstructureintoitspath.Itbentandadjusteditselftomakeroom,andtofindthespacetogrowbigandstrongandwise,whichmeansthatsomehundredyearslater,thesolid,strongbranchesofthetreereacharoundtwofullsidesofmyhome.It’scoveredinmoss（苔藓）,whichis,inturn,crawlingwithallsortsofinsects.Ihaveneverseentheinsects,bytheway,Ijustknowthatthey’retherebecauseofallthebirdstryingtopickthemout.Theyarealwayshoppingaround,lookingforthisandthatandsingingsongs.IfeellikeIhavebecomepartoftheecosystem.WhenI’meatingbreakfastormakingdinnerinthekitchen,Icanlookoutandseeabirdhoppingaroundskillfully,gatheringitsownmealwhileItendtomine.WhenI’msittinginthelivingroom,readingordrinkingtea,Icansuddenlyfindmyselffacetofacewithanotherbird.We’llbestaringateachotherand,aftersometime,decidewecanbothcarryonwithourbusiness,livingsidebyside.EvenasIwritethis—thelargewindowsopentoalovely,softevening—awhitefeathercomesfloatingdownbymyside,probablyfromoneoftheresidentpigeons.AsIdon’thavetheluxuryofagarden,thistreemakesmefeelconnectedtotheoutdoors.Suchisanancienttree,atreethatisitselfhometomanyothercreatures—thatfeelsdifferent.Itisasifithasadoptedmeandmademeapartofitsworld,withouteveraskingforsomethinginreturn.Butifneedsbe,IknowthatitcancountonmeandIwillprotectitwithallmystrength.4.Theflatthatauthorlivesinis_________.A.builtinanancienttree B.huggedbyagianttreeC.decoratedwithbranches D.surroundedbyagarden5.Intheauthor’sdescription,sheimpliesthat_________.A.birdskeepherwarmcompany B.shehasadoptedtheresidents.C.mossmakesherflatniceandcool D.shehasbeenbotheredbytheinsects6.Whatdoestheauthorreallytreasure?A.Aclose-to-naturelife. B.Aluxuriousgarden.C.Aspacioushouse. D.Asociableneighbor.7.Whichofthefollowingcanbeusedtoexpresstheauthor’sfeeling?A.Jealous. B.Inferior.C.Content. D.Passionate.【答案】4.B5.A6.A7.C【解析】本文是记叙文。作者居住的房子被一棵古老的大树拥抱，这棵树让作者时刻有鸟儿陪伴，让作者成为了这个生态系统的一部分，作者对这种生活很满足。【4题详解】细微环节理解题。依据其次段Itbentandadjusteditselftomakeroom,andtofindthespacetogrowbigandstrongandwise,whichmeansthatsomehundredyearslater,thesolid,strongbranchesofthetreereacharoundtwofullsidesofmyhome.(这棵树弯下身子，调整自己，腾出空间，找寻空间，让自己变得更大、更强壮、更聪慧，这意味着，几百年后，这棵树坚实、强壮的枝干会延长到我家的四面八方)可知作者居住的房子被一棵大树拥抱，故选B。【5题详解】推理推断题。依据其次段Theyarealwayshoppingaround,lookingforthisandthatandsingingsongs.和第三段WhenI’meatingbreakfastormakingdinnerinthekitchen,Icanlookoutandseeabirdhoppingaroundskillfully,gatheringitsownmealwhileItendtomine.WhenI’msittinginthelivingroom,readingordrinkingtea,Icansuddenlyfindmyselffacetofacewithanotherbird.We’llbestaringateachotherand,aftersometime,decidewecanbothcarryonwithourbusiness,livingsidebyside.可知作者在做饭吃饭时，读书喝茶时都能看到鸟儿在窗外跳动歌颂，鸟儿时刻陪伴着作者。故选A。【6题详解】推理推断题。依据第三段IfeellikeIhavebecomepartoftheecosystem.和最终一段中thistreemakesmefeelconnectedtotheoutdoors.Itisasifithasadoptedmeandmademeapartofitsworld,withouteveraskingforsomethinginreturn.可知作者觉得已经成为这个生态系统的一部分，这棵树让作者感到与户外的联系。仿佛它接纳了作者，使作者成为它世界的一部分，而从不要求任何回报。由此可知作者很珍惜亲近自然的生活，故选A。【7题详解】推理推断题。依据第三段IfeellikeIhavebecomepartoftheecosystem.…livingsidebyside.和最终一段中thistreemakesmefeelconnectedtotheoutdoors.Itisasifithasadoptedmeandmademeapartofitsworld,withouteveraskingforsomethinginreturn.可知作者感觉时刻有鸟儿陪伴，这棵树让作者成为这个生态系统的一部分，让作者感到了与户外的联系，使作者成为它世界的一部分。作者感到很满足，故选C。CAstarathleteatthecollegewhereIworkrecentlystoppedbymyoffice.Aftercommittingafewunforcederrorsduringaweekendmatch,shewasrivenbyself-criticism.“I’matpeakfitness,andIpracticehard.Howisthishappening?”Sheasked.Thisstudentbelievessheshouldbeabletocontroltheoutcomesofherlifebyvirtueofherhardwork.Shehasasensethathoursonthefieldshouldgetherexactlywheresheneedstogo.Manystudentshavesimilarmentality.Whentheywin,theyfeelpowerfulandsmart.Whentheyfail,theyarecrushedbyself-blame.Ifmyachievementsareminetocontrol,theyreason,myfailuresmustbeentirelymyfault,too.Wetalkoftenaboutyoungadultsstrugglingwithfailurebecausetheirparentshaveprotectedthemfromdiscomfort.Butthereissomethingelseatplay:afalsepromisethattheycanachieveanythingiftheyarewillingtoworkforit.Psychologistshavesourcedthisphenomenontoamisapplicationof“mindset”research,whichhasfoundthatpraisingchildrenforeffortwillincreaseacademicperformance.A2024analysisfoundthatwhilepraisingeffortoverabilitymaybenefiteconomicallydisadvantagedstudents,itdoesnotnecessarilyhelpeveryone.OnepossibleexplanationcomesfromSuniyaLuthar,whoarguedinaresearchpaperthatforteensinwealthy,pressure-cookercommunities,“itisnotalackofmotivationandperseverance(毅力)thatisthebigproblem.Instead,itisunhealthyperfectionism,anddifficultywithbackingoffwhentheyshould,whenthedesireforachievementsisoverthetop.”Theypushthemselvesonwardinfaceofimpossiblegoals.A2007studyfoundthatteenswhorefusedtogiveupimpossiblegoalsshowedhigherlevelsofC-reactionprotein,amarkerofsystemicinflammation(全身炎症)linkedtoheartdiseaseandothermedicalconditions.A2014studyshowedaconnectionbetweentheperfectionisttendenciesanddepression.Thecruelrealityisthatyoucandoeverythinginyourpowerandstillfail.Insteadofallowingourkidstobeatthemselvesupwhenthingsdon’tgotheirway,weadultsshouldhelpstudentspursuesuccessinhealthierwaysinpartbyredefiningfailureasafeature,notabug,oflearning.AtSmithCollegewhereIteach,studentsareaskedtoexplorehowsetbacksandmisstepsmadethemstrongerormoreeffective.Wewouldbewisetoremindourkidsthatlifehasawayofsucker-punching(意外打击)uswhenweleastexpectit.It’softenthepeoplewholearntosay“stuffhappens”whogetupthefastest.8.Whywasstarathletetrappedbyself-blame?A.Shebrokedownduringthematch.B.Shedidn’ttryherbestinthematch.C.Shebelievedhardworkshouldpayoff.D.Shethoughtsheshouldhavepracticedharder.9.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph5?A.Lackofmotivationandperseveranceleadstoteens’failure.B.Praisingchildrenforeffortincreasesacademicperformance.C.Childrenstrugglewithfailureduetoparents’over-protection.D.Unhealthyperfectionismcausesphysicalandemotionalstress.10.Accordingtotheauthor,adultsshould_________.A.helpstudentslearnfromfailureB.protectstudentsfromdiscomfortC.rewardstudentsfortheirhardworkD.explorethecauseofstudents’failure11Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorprobablyagreewith?A.Effortequalsachievement.B.Motivationisthekeytosuccess.C.Successisnotalwaysundercontrol.D.Effortismoreimportantthanability.【答案】8.C9.D10.A11.C【解析】这是一篇说明文。探讨表明“心态”的误用使年青人有了个伪命题：假如他们情愿为之工作，他们就能取得任何成就。但实际并非如此，生活会在最不经意的时候，给你打击，反而是那些常常说“事情会发生”的人站起来得最快。【8题详解】细微环节理解题。依据第一段最终一句““I’matpeakfitness,andIpracticehard.Howisthishappening?”Sheasked.”，其次段起先：“Thisstudentbelievessheshouldbeabletocontroltheoutcomesofherlifebyvirtueofherhardwork.”，这位明星运动员深陷自责，她觉得她足够努力，她能通过努力来限制生活的结果，选项C：她信任努力工作就会有回报。题目问明星运动员深陷自责的缘由，所以选项C切题，故选C。【9题详解】细微环节理解题。依据第五段：“Instead,itisunhealthyperfectionism,anddifficultywithbackingoffwhentheyshould,whenthedesireforachievementsisoverthetop.”相反，这是不健康的完备主义，当对成就的渴望超过巅峰时，他们很难在应当退的时候退缩。“A2007studyfoundthatteenswhorefusedtogiveupimpossiblegoalsshowedhigherlevelsofC-reactionprotein,amarkerofsystemicinflammation(全身炎症)linkedtoheartdiseaseandothermedicalconditions.A2014studyshowedaconnectionbetweentheperfectionisttendenciesanddepression.”，2007年和2014年的探讨表明拒绝放弃不行能的目标会产生心脏病以及其它医学相关的炎症，抑郁与此有关。选项D：不健康的完备主义会导致身体和情感压力。所以，从第五段可以知道的探讨结论是选项D切题，故选D。【10题详解】细微环节理解题。最终一段：“……weadultsshouldhelpstudentspursuesuccessinhealthierwaysinpartbyredefiningfailureasafeature,notabug,oflearning.”我们成年人应当帮助学生以更健康的方式追求胜利，将失败重新定义为学习的一个特征，而不是错误。选项A是要帮助学生从失败中学习，所以选项A切题，故选A。【11题详解】推理推断题。文中作者用了探讨结论来说明：“Thecruelrealityisthatyoucandoeverythinginyourpowerandstillfail.”，残酷的现实是，你可以尽你所能，仍旧失败。所以可以推想出作者同意的观点是：付出未必总是有回报，选项C：胜利并不总是在限制之下。选项C切题，故选C。DTheargumentthathuman-causedcarbonemissions(排放)aremerelyadropinthebucketcomparedtogreenhousegasesgeneratedbyvolcanoeshasbeenmakingitswayaroundtherumormillforyears.Andwhileitseemstobereasonable,thesciencejustdoesn'tbackitup.AccordingtotheUSGeologicalSurvey(USGS),theworld'svolcanoes,bothonlandandundersea,generateabout200milliontonsofcarbondioxide(CO2)annually,whileourautomotiveandindustrialactivitiescausesome24billiontonsofCO2emissionseveryyearworldwide.Despitetheargumentstothecontrary,thefactsspeakforthemselves:Greenhousegasemissionsfromvolcanoescomposelessthanonepercentofthosegeneratedbytoday'shumanactivities.AnotherindicationthathumanemissionssurpassthoseofvolcanoesisthefactthatatmosphericCO2levels,asmeasuredbysamplingstationsaroundtheworld,havegoneupconsistentlyyearafteryearregardlessofwhetherornottherehavebeenmajorvolcaniceruptionsinspecificyears.“Ifitweretruethatindividualvolcaniceruptionsdominatedhumanemissionsandwerecausingtheriseincarbondioxideconcentrations,thenthesecarbondioxiderecordswouldbefullofspikes—oneforeacheruption,”saysCobyBeck,ajournalistwritingforonlineenvironmentalnews.“Instead,suchrecordsshowasmoothandregulartrend.”Furthermore,somescientistsbelievethatvolcaniceruptions,likethatofMt.St.Helensin1980andMt.Pinatuboin1991,actuallyleadtoshort-termglobalcooling,notwarming,assulfurdioxide(SO2),ashandotherparticlesintheairandstratosphere(平流层)reflectsomesolarenergyinsteadoflettingitintoEarth'satmosphere.SO2,whichconvertstosulfuricacidaerosol,whenithitsthestratosphere,canlingerthereforaslongassevenyearsandcanexerciseacoolingeffectlongafteravolcaniceruptionhastakenplace.Scientiststrackingtheeffectsofthemajor1991eruptionofthePhilippines’Mt.PinatubofoundthattheoveralleffectoftheblastwastocoolthesurfaceoftheEarthgloballybysome0.5degreesCelsiusayearlater,eventhoughrisinghumangreenhousegasemissionsandanElNinoeventcausedsomesurfacewarmingduringthe1991-1993studyperiod.Inaninterestingtwistontheissue,BritishresearcherslastyearpublishedanarticleinthepeerreviewedscientificjournalNatureshowinghowvolcanicactivitymaybecontributingtothemeltingoficecapsinAntarcticabutnotbecauseofanyemissions,naturalorman-made.Instead,scientistsHughCorrandDavidVaughanoftheBritishAntarcticSurveybelievethatvolcanoesunderneathAntarcticamaybemeltingthecontinentsicesheetsfrombelow,justaswarmingairtemperaturesfromhuman-inducedemissionserodethemfromabove.12.AccordingtoParagraph1,somepeoplearguethat.A.theiropinionissupportedbyscience.B.volcanoesgeneratemostofthegreenhousegases.C.humanactivitiesaretoblameforgreenhousegases.D.carbonemissionsproducedbyvolcanoesareincreasing.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“spikes"inParagraph3probablymean?A.Suddenincreases. B.Smoothtrends.C.Stableregularities. D.Sharpdeclines.14.Whatdothescientistsmentionedinthispassagebelieveaboutvolcaniceruptions?A.Theybroughtaboutglobalwarming.B.TheyactuallypartlycooledthesurfaceoftheEarth.C.TheymeltedtheicesheetsinAntarcticfromabove.D.Theydominatedhumanemissionsingreenhouseeffect.15.Thepurposeofthepassageisto.A.comparetheresultsofthestudies.B.contradictaviewheldbysomepeople.C.presentnewfindingsforgreenhousephenomenon.D.reporttheeffectsofCO2,ingreenhousephenomenon.【答案】12.B13.A14.B15.B【解析】【分析】本文为争论文。文章用事实来反对多年来人们认为火山产生了大部分的温室气体的观点。证明了火山不仅没让地球变暖，而是肯定程度上导致全球温度下降，起到冷却作用。【12题详解】推理推断题。依据第一段“Theargumentthathuman-causedcarbonemissions(排放)aremerelyadropinthebucketcomparedtogreenhousegasesgeneratedbyvolcanoeshasbeenmakingitswayaroundtherumormillforyears.”多年来，与火山产生的温室气体相比，人类造成的碳排放量只占很小的论调始终在坊间流传。由此可推断出，一些人认为是火山产生了大部分的温室气体。故选B。【13题详解】揣测词义题。第三段的内容：依据世界各地采样站的测量表明人类排放量超过火山排放量的一个迹象是大气中的二氧化碳水平年复一年地持续增加，而不管特定年份是否发生过重大的火山喷发。依据划线词的Ifitweretruethatindividualvolcaniceruptionsdominatedhumanemissionsandwerecausingtheriseincarbondioxideconcentrations,thenthesecarbondioxiderecordswouldbefullofspikes—oneforeacheruption,”saysCobyBeck,ajournalistwritingforonlineenvironmentalnews.“Instead,suchrecordsshowasmoothandregulartrend.”可知“假如个别火山爆发时二氧化碳高于人类的排放，并导致二氧化碳浓度的增加，那么每一次火山喷发都会充溢“spikes”，相反的是，记录显示出二氧化碳浓度增加是“平稳而有规律的”。句中的“instead”表示转折，表示前后意思相反。环境新闻的记者CobyBeck说二氧化碳浓度的增加“记录显示出平稳的”，那么，“spikes”应当就是与之相反的“突然”的增加。分析选项A.Suddenincreases突然增加；B.Smoothtrends平稳的趋势；C.Stableregularities稳定的规律；D.Sharpdeclines急剧下降。可知，A项符合题意，故选A。【14题详解】细微环节理解题。依据第四段“somescientistsbelievethatvolcaniceruptions,likethatofMt.St.Helensin1980andMt.Pinatuboin1991,actuallyleadtoshort-termglobalcooling,notwarming”一些科学家认为，火山喷发，像在1980和1991的火山爆发，事实上在短期内导致短期全球冷却，而不是变暖。由此可知，火山事实上在肯定程度上冷却了地球表面。分析选项可知B项符合题意，故选B。【15题详解】推理推断题。本文第一段提出：多年来，人们认为与火山产生的温室气体相比，人为碳排放只是沧海一粟，特别小，但在科学上却是错误的。接着下文对此进行批判的同时提出了新的发觉，即火山的爆发却能肯定程度地导致全球温度下降，起到冷却作用。即反对了某些人的观点。这篇文章的目的是反对一些人所持的观点。故选B。【点睛】在阅读中我们常常会考查揣测词义题。事实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都有联系。运用逻辑推理揣测词义是运用最广考查最多也最易失分的猜词方式，这要求考生具备整合分散、困难信息的实力，充分利用上下文（各种已知信息）并结合详细的语境推想、推断某些词或短语的词义。例如第2小题词义揣测题。第三段的内容：依据世界各地采样站的测量表明人类排放量超过火山排放量的一个迹象是大气中的二氧化碳水平年复一年地持续增加，而不管特定年份是否发生过重大的火山喷发。依据划线词的Ifitweretruethatindividualvolcaniceruptionsdominatedhumanemissionsandwerecausingtheriseincarbondioxideconcentrations,thenthesecarbondioxiderecordswouldbefullofspikes—oneforeacheruption,”saysCobyBeck,ajournalistwritingforonlineenvironmentalnews.“Instead,suchrecordsshowasmoothandregulartrend.”可知“假如个别火山爆发时二氧化碳高于人类的排放，并导致二氧化碳浓度的增加，那么每一次火山喷发都会充溢“spikes”，相反的是，记录显示出二氧化碳浓度增加是“平稳而有规律的”。句中的“instead”表示转折，表示前后意思相反。环境新闻的记者CobyBeck说二氧化碳浓度的增加“记录显示出平稳的”，那么，“spikes”应当就是与之相反的“突然”的增加。分析选项A.Suddenincreases突然增加；B.Smoothtrends平稳的趋势；C.Stableregularities稳定的规律；D.Sharpdeclines急剧下降。可知，A项符合题意，故选A。其次节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）依据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。FinancialEducation-AwarenessDilemmaWhenitcomestofinancialeducation,themajorityoftoday'syouthwillregarditasanecessityforcertainspecificpeoplewhowanttomaketheircareerinthefinancialworld.___16___Actually,elementaryfinancialeducationisamustforall,asmoneytransactionisanessentialpartofourday-to-daylife.Supposeyouhave$100inasavingaccountthatpayssimpleinterestattherateof2%peryear.lfyouleavethemoneyintheaccount,howmuchwillyouhaveaccumulatedafter5years:morethan$102,exactly$102,orlessthan$102?Thetestmightlooksimple,butonlyhalfofthepeoplesurveyedgavethecorrectanswer.___17___Theexplanationgoesasfollows:Peoplewithlowlevelsoffinancialliteracysufferfromthatlackofknowledgeateverystageoftheirlives.Researchersonthissubjectsaypeoplewithahighdegreeoffinancialliteracyaremorelikelytoplanfortheirretirement.___18___Onthecontrary,peoplewhohavealowerdegreeoffinancialliteracytendtoborrowmore,accumulatelesswealth,andpaymoreinfeesrelatedfinancialproducts.Theyarelesslikelytoinvest,morelikelytoexperiencedifficultywithdebt,andlesslikelytoknowthetermsoftheirmortgagesandotherloans.Thus,thecostofthisfinancialignoranceisveryhigh.___19___Whatisthesolution?___20___Likereadingandmath,financialeducationmustbecomepartofthecorecurriculuminourschools.Likewise,parentsshouldengageinregular,constructiveconversationsaboutmoneymatters.Thiswillgivetheirkidsasolidfoundationforfinancialwell-being,whichwillkeepongivingreturnsthroughoutthecourseoftheirlives.A.Financialeducationmuststartearly.B.However,theymissanimportantpoint.C.Whydoeseachofushavetofaceafinancialchallenge?D.Whydoesfinancialliteracymattersomuchinoursociety'?E.Richpeoplearegenerallybettereducatedonfinancialmanagement.F.Besides,thesepeoplehavemorethandoublethewealthofpeoplewhodon’t.G.Forexample,theyfrequentlymakelatecreditcardpayments,overspendtheircreditlimit,etc.【答案】16.B17.D18.F19.G20.A【解析】这是一篇争论文。文章主要讲解并描述了金融教化意识的逆境。今日的大多数年轻人都会把它看作是某些特定的人在金融界谋生的必要条件。事实上，基础金融教化是全部人的必修课。【16题详解】依据上文Whenitcomestofinancialeducation,themajorityoftoday'syouthwillregarditasanecessityforcertainspecificpeoplewhowanttomaketheircareerinthefinancialworld.可知，今日的大多数年轻人都会把它看作是某些特定的人在金融界谋生的必要条件；再依据下文Actually,elementaryfinancialeducationisamustforall,asmoneytransactionisanessentialpartofourday-to-daylife.可知，事实上，基础金融教化是全部人的必修课。故B项（然而，他们忽视了一个重要的问题）串联上下文，符合题意。故选B。【17题详解】依据下文Theexplanationgoesasfollows可知，此句是对一个问题的说明；再分析本段可知，本段主要讲解并描述了金融学问对我们社会特别的重要。故D项（为什么金融学问对我们的社会如此重要？）适合做本段主旨句。故选D。【18题详解】依据上文Researchersonthissubjectsaypeoplewithahighdegreeoffinancialliteracyaremorelikelytoplanfortheirretirement.可知，金融学问程度高的人更有可能为退休做准备，这说金融学问程度高的人的一个特点，F项（此外，这些人的财宝是那些没有财宝的人的两倍多）是其另外一个特点。故F项是对上文的补充说明，符合题意。故选F。【19题详解】依据上文Thus,thecostofthisfinancialignoranceisveryhigh.可知，这种财务无知的代价是特别高的。故G项（例如，他们常常延迟信用卡付款、超支信用额度等）是对上文的详细说明，符合题意。故选G。【20题详解】依据上文Whatisthesolution?可知，对以上问题的解决方法是什么，以及依据下文Likereadingandmath,financialeducationmustbecomepartofthecorecurriculuminourschools.可知，金融教化必需成为我们学校核心课程的一部分。故A项（金融教化必需及早起先）承接上下文，符合题意。故选A。第三部分英语学问运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节完形填空（共20小题：每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Thestructureinorganizationshaschanged.Ithastransformedfromabosstoaleaderbeingatthetopandfrommethoddirectingtocooperation,___21___howmanyofushaveactuallymadethis___22___withinourselves?Let’snotgetpersonalaboutanypersonorconnectthistoany___23___organization.Considerthe___24___patternonasocialmediawebsitesuchasLinkedIn.Weoftenseegoodarticleswrittenbyjunior-levelemployee’swhich___25___newenthusiasmandnewperspectives,buthowmanysenior-level___26___goand“Like”thearticle?Not___27___readit,butactually“Like”it.Moreoftenthannot,theanswerisnone.Leadersreadsucharticles,butthey___28___topressthe“Like”buttonduetosomefear!Afriendofmine,whoholdsthe___29___ofDirectorofHumanResourcesinareputedorganization,happentomentionanarticlethathisteammemberhadwritten.Icasuallyenquired___30___theabsenceofa“Like”orcommentfromhim.Hisanswerreally___31___me!Hesaid,“Youknowwhatmy___32___is?Icannotbecommentingorlikinghisarticleinpublic!”Amazedbythisbehavior,Ididmyresearchonthispatternonafewsocialmediaplatforms.Yes,peoplewantto“Like”orcommentonarticlesandphotosthatarepublishedbypeoplewitha(n)___33___levelanddosoaswell.Whileweare___34___the“Like”buttononajunior-levelemployee’sone-yearanniversary,wejumptobeoneinafewhundredstooffer___35___onasenior-levelleader’sone-yearcompletion.However,Ithinkourprecious“Like”fortheemployee___36___alotandencourageshim,while,ontheotherhand,itis___37___manyhundredsandisnot___38___noticedbytheleader.Encouragenewtalentsand___39___them.Ifwedonotexhibitthissocially,Iamsurewewillnot___40___itinourjobeither.21.A.while B.yet C.otherwise D.so22.A.cooperation B.organization C.transformation D.method23A.specific B.unusual C.common D.ordinary24.A.online B.behavioral C.personal D.popular25.A.contain B.lack C.oppose D.promote26.A.bosses B.employees C.readers D.leaders27.A.thoroughly B.merely C.precisely D.roughly28.A.hope B.regret C.stop D.hesitate29.A.post B.faith C.name D.honor30.A.inneedof B.forlackof C.withregardto D.onaccountof31.A.dissatisfied B.annoyed C.astonished D.confused32.A.team B.level C.habit D.reputation33.A.junior B.average C.different D.superior34.A.skipping B.considering C.missing D.pressing35.A.remarks B.opinions C.congratulations D.suggestions36.A.means B.prov