初升高英语无忧衔接及新课预习（全国）衔接点07 被动语态（原卷版）

衔接点07被动语态（初高考点差异及衔接）初中要求主要学习一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、含有情态动词用法高中要求一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时、过去将来时、过去将来完成时、将来进行时、各种完成进行时的被动语态【初中被动语态考点聚焦】时态被动语态结构例句一般现在时am/is/are+doneThe

classroom

is

cleaned

every

day.一般过去时was/were+doneThe

kite

was

made

by

him.一般将来时will/shall

be+done或者am/is/are

+

going

to

be

+doneTrees

will

be

planted

tomorrow.含有情态动词情态动词+be+doneAnything

here

can't

be

touched.1.Sandturnstoglasswhenitbylightning.

A.hits B.ishit C.ishitting D.willbehit2.Nowteenagerstodovoluntaryworkfortheirlocalcommunities.

A.areencouraged B.wereencouraged C.haveencouraged D.areencouraging3.Luckily，manytraditionalartformslikeWuxiOpera(pass)onandstayalive.

4.—Ihearthatyoutookpartinaforestclean⁃upactivitylastSunday.—Yes，itbyourschoolgreenclubtoprotectforests.

A.organizesB.organized C.wasorganized D.willbeorganized5.It’salongtime!Ican’trememberwhenthispictureinJinshanPark.

A.wastaken B.takes C.istaken D.took6.Tomaketheenvironmentmuchbetter，moretreesnextyear.

A.plant B.willplant C.areplanted D.willbeplanted7.—Howexciting!The19thAsianGamesinHangzhouinSeptember2023.

—Yes，Ican’twaittowatchtheGames.A.holds B.isholding C.washeld D.willbeheld8.Theplantheypaidmuchattentionto(discuss)attomorrow’smeeting.

9.DuringtheTangdynasty(唐朝),nearlyeverythingproducedintheworldonthestreetsofChang'an.

A.isfound B.hasbeenfound C.willbefound D.couldbefound10.Alotofteenagersthinkastheyareolderandwiser,theytomaketheirowndecisions.

A.shouldallow B.shouldn’tallow C.shouldbeallowed D.shouldn’tbeallowed【高中名词考点聚焦】考纲解读语态是动词的一种形式，用来表示主语和谓语的关系。英语动词有两种语态——主动语态和被动语态。在主动语态中，主语是动作的执行者；在被动语态中，主语是动作的承受者。主动语态变为被动语态时，谓语部分要做相应的变化。考点清单被动语态典型例句：主动句1.TheslavesbuilttheGreatPyramidslongtimeago.奴隶们在很久以前修建了大金字塔。主语谓语宾语状语典型例句：被动句2.TheGreatPyramidswerebuilt(bytheslaves)longtimeago.主语（原宾语）谓语（形式变化）by+执行者（原主语）状语（不变）大金字塔在很久以前被（奴隶们）修建。1.主动语态转换为被动语态如果想熟练地将主动句转换为被动句，首先必须了解主动句的结构，清楚句子的成分，然后遵循下列步骤进行转换。①原主动语态中的宾语→转换为被动语态的主语②原主动语态中的动词→改为被动形式，即“be+过去分词”说明：第一步容易出错，要特别注意。这时be动词的人称和数要随着新的主语（原主动句中的宾语）而变。在第二步中，be动词的时态要与原来主动句的时态保持一致。be动词后面的过去分词就是原来主动句中的动词的过去分词。③原主动语态中的主语→如果需要，就放在by后面原主动语态中的主语，如有需要，就放在by后面，以宾格形式出现以指明动作的执行者（因为by是介词，后需跟宾格作宾语）。如没有必要，可省略。④原主动语态中的其他成分，如定语、状语→保持不变主动句：ThomasEdisoninventedthelightbulbin1879.主语谓语宾语状语托马斯·爱迪生在1879年发明了电灯泡。被动句：Thelightbulbwasinvented(byThomasEdison)in1879.主语（原宾语）谓语（形式变化）by+执行者（原主语）状语（不变）电灯泡由托马斯·爱迪生发明于1879年。①原主动句中的宾语thelightbulb变为被动句中的主语。②谓语动词的时态不变，均为一般过去时，它的形式由invented变为wasinvented。③原主动句中的主语，即动作invented的执行者ThomasEdison，在被动句中可以由介词by引出，也可以省略。④状语in1879的位置不变。主动句：Mr.Wangdeliveredthisspeech.王先生做了演讲。主语谓语宾语被动句：ThisspeechwasdeliveredbyMr.Wang.这个演讲是王先生做的。主语（原宾语）谓语（形式变化）by+执行者（原主语）主动句：TheancientGreeksheldthefirstOlympicGames2790yearsago.主语谓语宾语状语古希腊人于2790年前举办了第一届奥运会。被动句：ThefirstOlympicGameswereheld(bytheancientGreeks)2790yearsago.主语（原宾语）谓语（形式变化）by+执行者（原主语）状语（不变）第一届奥运会（由古希腊人）举办于2790年前。2.被动语态的形式1.被动语态的一般形式被动语态的一般形式是“助动词be+过去分词”。人称、数、时态的变化，大都体现在第一个助动词上。主动语态与被动语态的时态比较见下表。时态语态主动语态被动语态一般现在时动词原形或动词第三人称单数am/is/are+过去分词一般过去时动词过去式was/were+过去分词一般将来时shall/will+动词原形shall/willbe+过去分词现在进行时am/is/are+现在分词am/is/arebeing+过去分词过去进行时was/were+现在分词was/werebeing+过去分词现在完成时has/have+过去分词has/havebeen+过去分词过去完成时had+过去分词hadbeen+过去分词将来完成时shall/willhave+过去分词shall/willhavebeen+过去分词过去将来时should/would+动词原形should/wouldbe+过去分词过去将来完成时should/wouldhave+过去分词should/wouldhavebeen+过去分词将来进行时shall/willbe+现在分词—各种完成进行时has/havebeen+现在分词hadbeen+现在分词shall/willhavebeen+现在分词—一.一般现在时的被动语态一般时态被动句中的be动词变化，应按被动句中新主语的人称和数变化。被动句的时态应与主动句的时态保持一致。主动句：Helentidiesupherroomeveryday.海伦每天整理她的房间。主语谓语宾语状语被动句：（肯定句）Helen’sroomistidiedup(byHelen)everyday.海伦的房间每天被（她自己）整理。主语谓语by+执行者状语（否定句）Helen’sroomisn’ttidiedupeveryday.（疑问句）A:IsHelen’sroomtidiedupeveryday?B:Yes,itis./No,itisn’t.1.Peerpressurecanhappenwhenwe____________(influence)todosomething.2.Nowadays,cycling,alongwithjoggingandswimming,____________(regard)asoneofthebestall-roundformsofexercise.二.一般过去时的被动语态主动句：TheworkersmadetheprinterIboughtyesterdaylastmonth.主语谓语宾语定语状语我昨天买的那台打印机是工人们上个月生产的。被动句：（肯定句）TheprinterIboughtyesterdaywasmade(bytheworkers)lastmonth.主语定语谓语by+执行者状语我昨天买的那台打印机是（由工人们）上个月生产的。（否定句）TheprinterIboughtyesterdaywasn’tmadelastmonth.（疑问句）A:WastheprinterIboughtyesterdaymadelastmonth?B:Yes,itwas./No,itwasn’t.说明：比较一下主动句和被动句，被动句的表现形式更好一些。1.Thefamousmusician,aswellashisstudents,_____________(invite)toperformattheopeningceremonyofthe2012TaipeiFlowerExpo.2.Ihadastrongdesiretoreachinandplaywiththetoy,but_____________(hold)backthankfullybytheshopwindow.3.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlookasifit_____________(break).三.一般将来时的被动语态主动句：Arepairmanwillrepairhiscartomorrowmorning.主语谓语宾语状语一个修理工明天上午将会来修理他的汽车。比较：will+do用于表示“将做，会做”。begoingto+do用于表示“（将来）准备做，打算做”。被动句：（肯定句）Hiscarwillberepaired(byarepairman)tomorrowmorning.主语谓语by+执行者状语他的汽车明天上午将会被（一个修理工）修理。（否定句）Hiscarwillnot/won’tberepairedtomorrowmorning.（疑问句）A:Willhiscarberepairedtomorrowmorning?B:Yes,itwill./No,itwon’t.主动句：TheyaregoingtovisittheChinaMillenniumMonument.他们打算参观中华世纪坛。主语谓语宾语被动句：（肯定句）TheChinaMillenniumMonumentisgoingtobevisited(bythem).主语谓语中华世纪坛将被（他们）参观。重要：be动词的人称和数要随着新主语的变化而变化。（否定句）TheChinaMillenniumMonumentisn’tgoingtobevisited(bythem).（疑问句）A:IstheChinaMillenniumMonumentgoingtobevisited(bythem)?B:Yes,itis./No,itisn’t.1.Moreefforts,asreported,___________(make)intheyearsaheadtoacceleratethesupply-sidestructuralreform.2.Thestudentshavebeenworkinghardontheirlessonsandtheirefforts_____________(reward)withsuccessintheend.四.现在进行时的被动语态进行时的被动语态的谓语部分与一般时的被动语态谓语部分不同，应为“be+being+过去分词（将主动语态中的现在分词改为过去分词）”。be动词要随着新主语的人称、数变化，时态跟主动句保持一致，采用现在进行时。主动句：TheteacheristellingSnowWhitenow.老师正在讲《白雪公主》。主语谓语宾语状语被动句：（肯定句）SnowWhiteisbeingtold(bytheteacher)now.《白雪公主》正被（老师）讲。主语谓语by+执行者状语（否定句）SnowWhiteisn’tbeingtoldnow.（疑问句）A:IsSnowWhitebeingtoldnow?B:Yes,itis./No,itisn’t.1.Look!Theman________________(question)bythepolice.2.Wouldyoupleasekeepsilent?Theweatherreport_________________(broadcast)andIwanttolisten.3.Theyarelivingwiththeirparentsforthemomentbecausetheirownhouse____________(rebuild).4.Mywashingmachine___________(repair)thisweek,soIhavetowashmyclothesbyhand.五.过去进行时的被动语态主动句：TheteacherwastellingSnowWhitewhenIgotthere.主语谓语宾语状语当我到那里时，老师正在讲《白雪公主》。被动句：（肯定句）SnowWhitewasbeingtold(bytheteacher)whenIgotthere.主语谓语by+执行者状语当我到那里时，《白雪公主》正在被（老师）讲。（否定句）SnowWhitewasn’tbeingtoldwhenIgotthere.（疑问句）A:WasSnowWhitebeingtoldwhenIgotthere?B:Yes,itwas./No,itwasn’t.六.现在完成时的被动语态完成时的被动语态与一般时的被动语态原则大致相同，只有谓语部分不同。谓语是由“have/has+been+过去分词（即原主动句中的过去分词）”所组成。have，has的采用则视被动句中新主语的人称、数而定。主动句：Anunknownvirushasjustattackedmycomputer.主语谓语状语宾语一种不知名的病毒刚刚侵袭了我的计算机。被动句：（肯定句）Mycomputerhasjustbeenattacked(byanunknownvirus).主语谓语状语by+执行者我的计算机刚刚被（一种不知名的病毒）侵袭了。（否定句）Mycomputerhasn’tjustbeenattacked.（疑问句）A:Hasyourcomputerjustbeenattacked?B:Yes,ithas./No,ithasn’t.1.Sofarmorethanonefriend____________(invite)tomybirthdaypartytobeheldtomorrow.2.ZhongNanshanisthemostdistinguisheddoctorinChinathat___________(recognize)internationally.3.Largequantitiesofinformation,aswellastimelyhelp_____________(offer)tousoverthepast2years.七.过去完成时的被动语态主动句：Theyhadbuiltfifteenbridgesby2007.截至2007年，他们已经建成了15座大桥。主语谓语宾语状语被动句：（肯定句）Fifteenbridgeshadbeenbuilt(bythem)by2007.主语谓语by+执行者状语说明：bythem和by2007意思不同，by2007是时间状语，不可以省略。截至2007年，15座大桥已经（被他们）建立起来了。（否定句）Fifteenbridgeshadn’tbeenbuiltby2007.（疑问句）A:Hadfifteenbridgesbeenbuiltby2007?B:Yes,theyhad./No,theyhadn’t.1.Inthe1950sintheUSA,mostfamilieshadjustonephoneathome,andwirelessphones__________(notinvent)yet.八.过去将来时的被动语态主动句：Mothersaidshewouldpunishthenaughtyboythisevening.主语谓语宾语状语母亲说她今晚将惩罚那个淘气的男孩。说明：本句是将宾语从句shewouldpunishthenaughtyboythisevening变为被动语态。被动句：（肯定句）Mothersaidthenaughtyboywouldbepunishedthisevening(byher).主语谓语宾语by+执行者母亲说那个淘气的男孩今晚将被（她）惩罚。（否定句）Mothersaidthenaughtyboywouldn’tbepunishedthisevening.1.Wewenttothereading-roomtodosomereading,onlytobetoldthatit_____________(decorate).2.Duringtheperiodofrecentterroristactivities,people_____________(alwayswarn)nottotouchanyunattendedbag.九.将来完成时的被动语态主动句：Weshall/willhavemadetenthousandDVDsbytheendofthismonth.主语谓语宾语状语截至这个月底，我们将生产出一万台DVD。被动句：（肯定句）TenthousandDVDswillhavebeenmade(byus)bytheendofthismonth.主语谓语by+执行者状语截至这个月底，一万台DVD将被（我们）生产出来。（否定句）TenthousandDVDswon’thavebeenmadebytheendofthismonth.（疑问句）A:WilltenthousandDVDshavebeenmadebytheendofthismonth?B:Yes,theywill./No,theywon’t.Onthenextbirthday,Ann_____________(marry)fortwentyyears.十.过去将来完成时的被动语态主动句：Hesaidhewouldhavelearnedmanywordsby2012.主语谓语宾语状语他说到2012年时他将要学会许多单词。被动句：Hesaidmanywordswouldhavebeenlearned(byhim)by2012.主语谓语状语他说到2012年时，许多单词将被（他）学会。十一.不可用被动语态的时态完成进行时态和将来进行时态一般都没有被动语态，如果要用这两种时态表达被动语态的意思，则可以用完成时态或一般时态。1.完成进行时变为被动语态时，要用完成时表示主动句：现在完成进行时Thebuildershavebeenbuildingthisskyscraperfortwomonths.主语谓语宾格状语建筑工人修建这幢摩天大楼已两个月了。被动句：现在完成时Thisskyscraperhasbeenbuiltfortwomonths.这幢摩天大楼一直修建有两个月了。主语谓语状语注意：由于be，being和been三个词中的任何两个词都不可以用在一起，因此将来进行时（shall/willbedoing）和各种完成进行时（have/has/hadbeendoing，shall/willhavebeendoing）的被动语态几乎是不能用的。主动句：将来完成进行时WewillhavebeenusingthisbookforthreeyearsbynextJune.主语谓语宾语状语到明年6月，我们用这本书已经3年了。被动句：将来完成时ThebookwillhavebeenusedforthreeyearsbynextJune.主语谓语状语到明年6月，这本书就用了3年了。2.将来进行时变为被动语态时，要用一般将来时表示主动句：将来进行时YouwillbedoingtheexperimenthereatthistimenextMonday.主语谓语宾语状语下周一的这个时候，你将正在这儿做实验。被动句：一般将来时TheexperimentwillbedonehereatthistimenextMonday.主语谓语状语这个实验下周一的这个时候将在这儿做。十二.情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的句子变为被动语态时，在情态动词后面直接加上be动词即可。其被动语态句型如下：肯定句：主语+情态动词+be+过去分词……否定句：主语+情态动词+not+be+过去分词……疑问句：情态动词+主语+be+过去分词……？主动句：Wecandesignobjectsin3Donthecomputerveryeasily.我们可以非常方便地在电脑上设计三维物体。被动句：（肯定句）Objectsin3Dcanbedesignedonthecomputerveryeasily.（否定句）Objectsin3Dcan’tbedesignedonthecomputerveryeasily.（疑问句）A:Canobjectsin3Dbedesignedonthecomputerveryeasily?B:Yes,theycan./No,theycan’t.主动句：Youmusthandinyourhomeworkthisafternoon.今天下午你必须交作业。被动句：（肯定句）Yourhomeworkmustbehandedinthisafternoon.（否定句）Yourhomeworkneedn’tbehandedinthisafternoon.（疑问句）A:Mustmyhomeworkbehandedinthisafternoon?B:Yes,itmust./No,itneedn’t.主动句：Ihavetodothejobmyself.我不得不自己做这份工作。被动句：（肯定句）Thejobhastobedonebymyself.（否定句）Thejobhasn’ttobedonebymyself.（疑问句）A:Hasthejobtobedonebymyself?B:Yes,ithasto./No,ithasn’tto.注意：对这句话的回答不能写为：（误）B:Yes,ithas.（误）B:No,ithasn’t.主动句：Allofusoughttoobeytherule.我们所有的人都应该遵守这项制度。被动句：（肯定句）Theruleoughttobeobeyed(byallofus).（否定句）Theruleoughtnotbeobeyed(byallofus).（疑问句）A:Oughttheruletobeobeyed(byallofus)?B:Yes,itoughtto./No,itoughtn’tto.1.Badcustomsandlawsoughtto____________(abandon),sincetheyareinappropriateforthedevelopmentofthesociety.十三.被动语态的使用场合1.动作执行者不明显、不重要或不愿说出时当不知道谁是动作的执行者，或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，或由于某些原因不愿意说出动作的执行者时，需要用被动语态。Thetoyareintendedforchildrenagedsixandup.那些玩具是为6岁及6岁以上的儿童设计的。Nobodyisallowedtoenterthestadiumwithoutaticket.没有票任何人都不允许进入体育馆。Constructionofthebridgewascompletedin2007.这座桥于2007年建成。Mikehasbeenintheworkshopforthreeyears,hewastaughtalltheskillsofsculpture.迈克在这个作坊里呆了3年，他被传授了所有的雕刻技能。Suchsigncanbeseeninmanyplacesonfreeway.在高速公路上许多地方都可以看到这样的标志。Whenhewasaskedtohavearest,healwayssmiledandsaid,“Thankyou,butI’mnottired.”当人们请他休息的时候，他总是笑笑说：“我并不累，谢谢。”Mr.HuissaidtobeverygoodatSpanish,butheisneverheardtospeakawordofit.据说胡先生西班牙语说得非常好，但从来没有人听他说过西班牙语。It’ssaidtherewillbeabasketballmatchthisafternoon.据说今天下午有一场篮球赛。It’sreportedthatscientistshavecompletedstudiesintonaturalplastic.据报导科学家已经完成对天然塑胶的研究。必背：特殊的被动语态的固定句式Itisbelievedthat...（大家相信）Ithasbeendecidedthat...（经决定）Itisknownthat...（众所周知）Itmustbepointedoutthat...（必须指出）Itisthoughtthat...（大家认为）Itistakenforgrantedthat...（被视为理所当然的）It’ssaidthat...（据说）Itisreportedthat...（据报导）2.突出或强调动作的承受者时汉语句子中常常出现“被；为……所；受……”等表示被动的词语，这些词语主要用来突出或强调动作的承受者，此时需要用被动语态。Abitofimportantinformationwasstolen.一些重要的资料被盗了。AnewvillagefortheathleteswillbebuilttotheeastofLondon.一个为运动员建的新村将建在伦敦的东面。Withhardworking,allthedifficultiescanbeovercome.只要努力奋斗，所有的困难都能被克服。Headsetsandgloveswillbeofferedtoyouinthecinema.在这家电影院，耳机和手套将会被提供给你们。补充：“动词+双宾语”变为被动语态时，直接宾语和间接宾语均可用作被动句中的主语。故此句还可表达为：Youwillbeofferedheadsetsandglovesinthecinema.Thismatterwasoftentalkedabout.这件事被多次谈到。必背：在“动词+介词”构成的搭配中，若介词的宾语成为被动句的主语（如上例中的matter）时，介词（如上例中的about）要保留在动词（如上例中的talk）之后。此类搭配还有：acton/upon（对……起作用）attendto（照料）breakinto（破门而入）dealwith（应付）keepto（坚持）listento（倾听）lookafter（照顾）seethrough（看穿）speakto（对……说话）十四.被动语态和系表结构的区别1.综述被动语态和系表结构都由“be+过去分词”构成，所以在运用时应注意它们的区别。被动语态表示以主语为承受者的动作。系表结构表示主语的特点或所处的状态。并非所有动词的过去分词都可以用作表语。在表示主语所处的状态或特点时，只有那些形容词特征显著的过去分词才能作表语。以下是一些具有形容词特征的过去分词：amused（觉得有趣的）astonished（惊愕的）broken（坏了的）closed（关着的）completed（完成的）confused（迷惑的）crowded（拥挤的）delighted（高兴的）divorced（离了婚的）drunk（喝醉的）educated（受过教育的）excited（兴奋的，激动的）finished（完成的）frightened（害怕的）injured（受伤的）interested（感兴趣的）known（出名的）married（已婚的）painted（油漆了的）pleased（高兴的）retired（退休的）satisfied（满意的）shut（关闭的）surprised（惊讶的）tired（累的）worried（担心的）wounded（受伤的）我们可以通过以下几种情况来判断句子是被动语态，还是系表结构。2.根据状语来区别被动语态和系表结构A.有时间状语和方式状语的，一般为被动语态，反之为系表结构。Thebackisclosedat5:30p.m.银行下午5：30关门。（表动作，因为有时间状语at5:30p.m.，是被动语态）Thebackisclosed/shut.银行关门了。（表状态，是系表结构）Thereportwaswrittenwithgreatcare.那篇报告是非常用心地写出来的。（有方式状语withgreatcare，是被动语态）Thereportiswellwritten.那篇报告写得好。（表特点，是系表结构）B.句末有“by+名词/代词”时，句子为被动语态，其中的名词或代词就是被动句动作的执行者。反之，系表结构中不能跟“by+名词/代词”，但可与其他介词短语连用。Theproblemwassettledbytheengineer.这个难题被这位工程师解决了。（有by+表示人的名词，所以是被动语态）Hewassurprisedbythenoise.吵闹声令他感到吃惊。（有by+抽象名词，所以是被动语态）Scottwasmuchagitatedbythenews.斯科特听到消息后很焦虑。（有by+抽象名词，所以是被动语态）Iaminterestedinbakingbread.我对烤面包很感兴趣。（系表结构）当有相应的形容词能说明状态时，不用分词而用形容词表示。（正）Thedrawerisopen.抽屉是开着的。（误）Thedrawerisopened.（正）Thedrawerisclosed.抽屉是关着的。（误）Thedrawerisclose.open可作形容词或动词。close作形容词只作“亲密的”讲，不表示“关着的”，只能用过去分词closed表示“关着的”。3.根据时态来区别被动语态和系表结构A.如果是被动语态的句子，它的时态一般要与它相应的主动语态的句子一致（即主动语态和被动语态互换时，保持原来的时态不变）。如果句子是系表结构，就不需要考虑时态是否一致。Thebowlisbroken.这只碗是破的。（一般现在时的系表结构）→ThebowlwasbrokenbyAllen.这只碗是艾伦打破的。（一般过去时的被动语态，表示动作）→Allenbrokethebowl.艾伦打破了这只碗。（一般过去时的主动语态）B.一般情况下，系表结构只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时，不能用于其他时态。而被动语态除了不用于完成进行时和将来进行时外，可用于其他任何时态。Anewbuildingisbeingbuiltinourcity.我们的城市正在盖一座新大楼。（时态为现在进行时，所以不可能是系表结构，而是被动语态。）Theflowerswillbeplantednextweek.下周种花。（时态为一般将来时，所以是被动语态。）4.根据动词的种类来区分被动语态和系表结构A.不及物动词没有被动语态，除非它后面跟介词或副词，所以“be+不及物动词的过去分词”，一般不是被动语态，而是系表结构。a.表示状态的动词begone消失了bereturned回来了berisen升起了beretired退休了befallen落下了Ourlittledogisreturned.我们的小狗回来了。Themoonisrisen.月亮升起来了。补充：有些动词的过去分词实际上已变成了形容词，常用作表语，表示状态。这些动词有gone，lost，known等。b.表示智力活动结果的动词beknown有名的belearned（有学问的，博学的）beeducated（受过教育的）bemistaken弄错的c.表示心情、感觉的动词beashamed觉得惭愧beastonished觉得惊讶beinterested（有兴趣的）beexcited兴奋的Youshouldbeashamed.你应该觉得羞愧。Whyareyousopleased?你为什么这么高兴？B.大部分及物动词都有被动语态，所以“be+及物动词的过去分词”一般不表示系表结构，而是被动语态。beadmired受到崇拜beencouraged受到鼓励，受到鼓舞beloved被爱戴，被喜爱bepraised受到表扬Napolonwasadmiredbyhissoldiers.拿破仑被他的士兵所崇拜。Thecutegirlislovedbyallherfriends.这个可爱的女孩受到她所有朋友的喜爱。HewaspraisedbyhisEnglishteacher.他受到了他的英语老师的表扬。例外：并非所有的及物动词都可用于被动语态，下列及物动词就不可用于被动语态：catch赶上hold容纳kill(time)消磨（时光）lack缺少meet遇见suit/fit适合（正）Themooncanholdabouttwentypeople.这个房间可以容纳约20个人。（误）Abouttwentypeoplecanbeheldbytheroom.5.学习被动语态的注意事项1.主动语态不能变为被动语态的情况1.当宾语是反身代词或相互代词时Hemadehimselfacupofcoffee.他给自己煮了杯咖啡。Theyhelpeachother.他们互相帮助。2.当谓语动词是表示状态的及物动词时Thesalarycanlasthimonlyaweek.这工资只能维持他一周的生活。Doesthepairofshoessuityou?这双鞋子适合你吗？Youshouldpossesscourage.你应该有勇气。3.当宾语是不定式或动名词时Weallwanttobeteachers.我们都想当老师。Theyenjoyplayingcardsintheevening.他们喜欢晚上玩牌。4.当某些动词表示状态或结果时Thenewcomersmiledhisthanks.新来的人微笑表示感谢。Themilktastesslightlysour.这牛奶味道有点儿酸了。Theyremainedgoodfriendseventhoughtheyentereddifferenthighschools.他们虽进入不同的高中就读，但仍保持很好的朋友关系。补充：表示状态或结果的动词：smile（以微笑表示，微笑着说），smell（闻起来），sound（听起来），taste（尝起来），look（看起来），seem（似乎），remain（仍然是），prove（证明），appear（显得），fall（掉落）5.当宾语表示数量、重量、大小、程度时Thejadeweightsoneton.这块玉石重一吨。Thecoatcostfiftydollarsinall.这件外套花了50美元。6.不能变为被动语态的句型句型“主语+have/get+宾语+过去分词”不能变为被动语态，因其本身具有被动含义。（正）Ihadmytoothpulledyesterday.昨天我拔了一颗牙。/昨天我的一颗牙被拔了。（暗指牙是被别人拔的）（误）Ihadmytoothtobepulledyesterday.重要：由“动词+名词”构成的不可分割的动词短语也不能变为被动语态，如：keepone’sword履行诺言lostheart灰心makeaface做鬼脸2.主动语态表示被动含义的用法1.主动语态表示被动含义的几个固定句型句型：beworth+doingsth.Thenoveliswellworthreading.这篇小说很值得一读。句型：have/get+sth./sb.+过去分词have作使役动词，没有被动语态，但是可以用“have+宾语+过去分词”表示“被动经验”和“使役”。还需注意get与have的区别，get是出自本身的意愿，而have则是出于无奈或自愿。Iwillhave/getmybikerepaired.我去修自行车。（表示出于自愿，所以have和get都可以用。）Ihadmywatchstolen.我的手表被偷了。（表示出于无奈，只可用had，不可以用got。）句型：主语+want/nee/require+doing这个句型相当于“主语+want/need/require+tobedone”。Thebabywants/needs/requiresexamining.这个婴儿需要体检。（这句话还可以表述为Thebabywants/needs/requirestobeexamined.）Theroomneeds/wants/requirescleaning.这间屋子需要打扫。（这句话还可以表述为Theroomneeds/wants/requirestobecleaned.）Themachinewants/needs/requiresrepairing.这台机器需要修理。（这句话还可以表述为Themachinewants/needs/requirestoberepaired.）句型：be+under/in+抽象名词Thecarisunder/inrepair.那辆车正在被修理。（这句话还可以表述为Thecarisbeingrepairednow.）Thiskindofcomputerisinuse.这种类型的计算机正在被使用。（这句话还可以表述为Thiskindocomputerisbeingused.）2.用主动形式表示被动含义的常用不及物动词以下是一些用主动形式表示被动含义的动词。clean（清洁）break（折断）burn（烧）cook（烹饪）cut（切）drive（驾驶）feel（摸起来）keep（保持）last（持续）lock（锁）photograph（呈现在照片上）pull（拉）read（读）sell（卖）strike（打）tear（撕碎）translate（翻译）wash（洗）wear（穿）write（写）这些动词作谓语时句子的主语一般是物，而且这些动词常和表示行为方式的状语连用，如well，easily等。Potatoescookslowly.马铃薯煮起来很慢。Thedoordoesn’tlock.这门锁不上。Thesilkfeelsverysoft.丝绸摸起来很滑。ThiskindofprintersellswellinBeijing.这种打印机在北京卖得好。Theclothwasheswell.这种布耐洗。Thepenwritessmoothly.这支钢笔写起来顺畅。比较：含这类动词的句子也可以写成被动语态的句子，但含义不同。主动语态的句子表示现状，被动语态的句子则侧重于某一动作的发生。Thisessaydoesn’ttranslatewell.这篇文章不好译。（指这篇文章本身不好翻译。）Thisessaywasnottranslatedwell.这篇文章译得不好。（指出文章译得不好，而不管文章本身是否好译。）3.用主动形式表示被动含义的一些不定式A.therebe句型中的主语后跟不定式修饰时Thereisalotofhouseworktodoatweekend.周末有许多家务要做。B.不定式修饰have等动词的宾语，而句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语时Ihavemanythingstodo.我有许多工作要做。C.easy，hard，difficult等性质形容词后跟不定式与句子的主语是逻辑上的动宾关系时（正）Themathsproblemisdifficulttoworkout.这道数学题很难算出来。（误）Themathsproblemishardtobeworkedout.D.不定式修饰buy，get，give等动词的直接宾语，而间接宾语是不定式的逻辑主语时（正）Hismotherboughthimabiketoride.他妈妈给他买了一辆自行车骑。（误）Hismotherboughthimabiketoberidden.4.少数动词的进行时有时有被动的含义Hisworksareprinting.他的著作正在印刷中。补充：work这个单词可以用复数形式works来表示“（文学、艺术的）作品，著作”。Ournewschoolhousesarebuilding.我们的新校舍正在修建中。CommonMistakes（注意！失分陷阱！）基础题一．语法填空Indifferentcountriesandculturesaroundtheworld,freetime1.(spend)indifferentways.

Severalyearsago,somesurveysofhowpeoplespenttheirfreetime2.(make)bysomeresearchers.TheresultsshowedthatreadingwasthemostpopularactivityintheUnitedStates,followedbywatchingTV.IntheUK,watchingTVandvideoswasthemostpopular,andlisteningtotheradiocamesecond.ForJapanese,eatingoutwastheirfavouriteactivityintheirfreetime.Andtheyalsolikedrivingaround.

Therewerealsodifferencesinwhatpeoplelikedtodooutdoorsamongthethreecountries.ThemostpopularoutdooractivityforAmericanswasgardeningwhileinJapanitonlycameninth.ForBritishpeople,goingtothepubwastheirfirstchoice,followedbyvisitingthecinema.Thoughsomesimilarthingsmay3.(do)bypeoplearoundtheworldintheirfreetime,theirinterestsarechanging.IntheUS,forexample,theinterestincomputeractivitiesisincreasing.Morepeoplearespendingtheirfreetimegoingonline,orplayingvideogames.AsreadingbecomesmucheasierontheInternet,onlinereading4.(like)bymoreandmorepeopleinthefuture.

二.语篇填空TheDragonDanceisaformoftraditionaldanceinChineseculture.It1.(spread)alloverChinaandtothewholeworldsofar.

Traditionally，dragons2.(make)ofwood.However，inmoderntimes，dragons3.(be)muchlighterbecausetheyaremadeoflightermaterialslikeplastics.Thelengthofdragonscanbefrom25to35metersforacrobatic(杂技的)models，andupto50to70metersforthelargerparade(游行)stylesbecausepeoplebelievethatthelongerthedragonis，themoreluckit4.(bring)tothecommunity.Asmallorganizationcannotrunaverylongdragonbecauseit5.(require)greathumanpower，muchmoneyandspecialskills.

TheDragonDanceitself6.(begin)duringtheHanDynasty.Andit7.(start)bytheChinesewhohadshowngreatrespectforthedragon.ItwasalreadyapopulareventduringtheSongDynasty.

Atthattime，it8.(become)apopularactivityliketheLionDance.Peoplecouldoftenseeitduringsomeimportantfestivals.IntheQingDynasty，theDragonDanceTeamofFuzhou9.(invite)toputonashowinBeijing.Andtheemperor10.(speak)highlyofit.

提高题一．单句语法填空1．Rightnowmorethan9，800companiesareprovidingsuchservices,ofwhichover1，800________(establish)lastyear.2．Nowadays,tofu________(serve)inamodernway.Inmanyfinediningrestaurants,thetastingmenuisdesignedarounditstextures.3．Theconcept________(spread)intotheworldsofmusic,danceandTVdramassofar.4．Theexamquestionsshouldfocusonbasicknowledgeandskills,andthenumberofquestionsfocusingonrote(死记硬背的)learningshould________(reduce),thenoticesaid.5.It___________(design)torespondinanatural,intuitivewayandhasnumerouspotentialuses.6.TheperformanceTheJourneyofaLegendaryLandscapePainting,ahigh-techexplorationofanancientChineseblue-and-greenlandscapepainting,___________(broadcast)duringCCTV’s2022SpringFestivalGala.7.Fromdancerswavinglonggreenstickslikefreshlysproutinggrasstosixicehockeyplayersslappingpucks(冰球)towardtheOlympicrings,theOpeningCeremonyoftheBeijing2022WinterOlympicGames___________(intend)torepresentunityandanewbeginning.8.HaikuisaJapaneseformofpoetrythat___________(make)upof17syllables(音节).AndofcoursethereareTangpoemsfromChinawhichyoumayenjoyinparticular.9.Theirinitialtraining___________(follow)byeighthoursofnighttimesleeporwakefulnessordaytimewakefulness.10.Actually,BingDwenDwen___________(select)tobethemascotoftheBeijing2022WinterOlympicsin2019frommorethan5,800entriessubmittedfrom35countries.11.OnDec9,2021,thefirstlectureinthe“TiangongClass”___________(give)bytheShenzhou-13astronautstoatotalof1,420studentsfromfiveclassroomsacrossChinavialivevideostreaming,whichisdesignedtoencourageyoungpeopletodeveloptheirinterestinmannedspacenightandexploration.12.ThebuildingsintheOldTownofDali___________(create)attheendofthe14thcentury.13.It___________(build)duringtheSpringandAutumnPeriodandtheWarringStatesPeriod.14.Yet,despiteglobalwaterusagealreadyincreasingthreefold(三倍)overthelastfiftyyears,it___________(predict)thattherewillbeafurther60%-100%increaseinwaterusageby2050.15.Tosurvivethefrequentfloodsandothernaturaldisasters,wood___________(prefer)formostarchitecturalstructuresinancientChina.16.Acomicsexhibition___________(launch)inSydneyonWednesday,offeringglimpsesofthecityofChengdu,capitalofsouthwestChina’sSichuanProvince,andtheChineseanimationindustry.17.Thismarksthefirsttimethatcategoricalrhythm___________(find)inanonhumanmammal.18.Boththefeastandprayingfordescendants(后代)bytheriver___________(add)intheHanDynasty.19.These3000-year-oldsymbols,jiaguwen,___________(carve)onturtleshellsorbonesofanimals,andcangiveusinsightintohowancientChinesesawtheworldaroundthemandintotheirgreatcreativity.20.ThemascotdesignforBingDwenDwen___________(choose)fromover5,800submissionsfromChinaand35countriesaroundtheworldafteraglobalcompetitionarrangedbytheBeijing2022OrganizingCommitteekickedoff.21.Shecamefromahumblebackgroundand___________(force)tochoosethecheapestschoolavailableintheregion.22.ThemainproblemisthatnotallChinesecharacters___________(code)intocomputersystems.23.Mypassion___________(arouse)bythosepassengers,soItookmychildrentothemuseumtoo.IneverknewwhyithadsuchgreatcharmuntilIgotthere.24.Themedalsareinspiredbyyubi,aChinesejadeartifactdatingback5,000years.Atotaloffiveofthiskindofjade___________(unearth)fromatombuptonow.25.Thebridge___________(call)theBachLongsuspensionbridge.Itmeans“WhiteDragon”inVietnamese.26.WhenZhangHansetfootinsideLiangzhuMuseum,the10-year-oldembarkedonatourthattookhimbackmorethan5,000years.Wearingthesmartglasses,Zhang___________(present)withvirtualimagesofrelics.27.WiththeChinesegovernmentfurtherencouragingconsumerwillingnesstospend,economicrecoveryandgrowth___________(expect)tocontinueintheforeseeablefuture.28.Somestudents___________(ask)tocooperatewith