专题08 推理判断题 （讲义）(原卷版)

专题08推理判断题01专题网络·思维脑图02考情分析·解密高考03高频考点·以考定法考点一推理判断题考点一推理判断题【高考解密】命题点01逻辑推断题命题点02观点态度题命题点03写作意图题命题点04文章出处题和读者对象题【技巧解密】【考向预测】04核心素养·微专题微专题推理判断三大易错陷阱05创新好题·分层练考点考查内容高考考题设问推理判断题核心价值：高考英语试卷取材广泛、体裁多样，引导学生德智体美劳全面发展，加强对中华优秀传统文化和社会主义先进文化的考查，充分发挥文化铸魂的育人功能。第一，强化体美劳教育引导，夯实全面发展基础。在体育融入试题方面，2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷阅读题选取运动促进心脏健康的语篇，写作题选取一名残疾学生积极参加跑步比赛的语篇。这些语篇和材料旨在引导学生提高运动意识，保持身心健康。在美育融入试题方面，2022年全国甲卷听力题选取一位艺术鉴赏家谈论自己经历的材料，阅读题选取介绍英国加的夫市艺术剧院的语篇，这些语篇旨在引导学生加深对艺术的认识，培养健康向上的审美情趣。在劳动教育融入试题方面，各套试卷的语篇包含了山区支教、烹饪、做家务等信息，涉及多种工作场景，旨在引导学生形成劳动观念，在学习和生活中培养劳动精神。第三，关注时代发展与生活实践，引导学生培养核心素养。2022年全国卷通过选取禁止开车使用手机、悉尼新旧文化冲突、新媒体对家庭教育和生活的影响、英国征收糖税的起因及效果等具有探讨性和思辨性的材料，引导学生形成独立思考的习惯，培养主动发现问题和解决问题的能力；通过选取高科技无人机在铁路交通中的应用、鹦鹉识别物体形状的实验、人类语言发展的研究及与捉迷藏相关的儿童心理发展实验等语篇，激发学生对科学实验与研究的兴趣通；通过选取关爱养老院老人的研究项目、勇救坠楼儿童、修复父子亲情关系等语篇,倡导友好互助、彼此关爱的和谐人际关系。学科素养：从话题选择来看，近三年围绕人与自然、人与社会、人与自我三大主题全面考查英语综合运用能力，试题取材广泛、体裁多样，进一步体现考试对五育（德、智、体、美、劳）全面发展的引导作用，加强对中华优秀传统文化、和社会主义先进文化的考查，充分发挥文化铸魂育人功能。落实立德树人，彰显德育本色。从命题方向及趋势来看，全国卷试题高考英语试题整体难度稳定且适中，从教材出发，强调主干知识的运用以及基本能力的考查。同时全国卷试题高考英语试题注重考查学生的思维品质、创新能力以及解决实际问题的能力。【2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷】B24.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?逻辑推断【2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷】D34.WhatcanwelearnfromtheexamplegiveninParagraph5?逻辑推断【2023年1月·浙江卷】B26．Whatcanweinferabouttheauthor?逻辑推断【2023·全国甲卷】D35.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?逻辑推断【2023·全国乙卷】B26.Whatcanweinferfromtheautho’stripwithfriendstoDevil’sLake?逻辑推断【2022·新高考I卷】 阅读A23.3.Whatwillhappenifyousubmitanessayoneweekaftertheduedate?逻辑推断C篇31.Whatcanwelearnabouttheprojectfromthelasttwoparagraphs?逻辑推断【2022·全国高考乙卷】D篇35.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheadoptionofthesugartaxpolicy?逻辑推断【2021·英语全国甲卷】B篇27．WhatcanbeinferredaboutPornLympneReserve?逻辑推断D篇33．WhatcanweinferaboutgirlsfromthestudyinScience?逻辑推断【2021·全国高考乙卷】B篇27．Whatcanbeinferredaboutthelandlinefromthelastparagraph?D篇35．Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthetext?【2021·全国新高考I卷 C篇】30．WhatisadirectresultoftheActpassedin1934?逻辑推断【2021·全国新高考II卷】D篇34．WhydoesPeteBondsstillhirecowboystowatchcattle?逻辑推断【2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷】D35.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardNavajas’studies?观点态度【2023年1月·浙江卷】B25．Whatwastheattitudeoftheauthor’sfathertowardbuyinggrocerieswithjars?观点态度【2021·新高考I卷】D34.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence?观点态度【2021·北京】65.Whatmainlyhelpedtheauthorchangehis/herattitudetowardtheproject？观点态度【2020年新课标Ⅰ卷】 C篇31.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudetoracewalking?观点态度【2020年，天津卷，第一次高考】23.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheprospectofelectricflying?观点态度【2023年1月·浙江卷】C28．WhydoestheauthormentionNoaOvadiainthefirstparagraph?写作目的【2023年1月·浙江卷】D34.Whatisthepurposeofthelawsmentionedinparagraph4?写作目的【2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷】B26.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioningFuzhou?写作目的【2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷】C28.Whatisthebookaimedat?写作目的【2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷】C31.Whatdoestheauthorwanttosaybymentioningthee-reader?写作目的 【2023·全国甲卷】C28.WhydoestheauthorlistgreatphilosophersinParagraph4?写作目的【2023·全国乙卷】D33.WhatdoestheauthorindicatebymentioningCaptainCookinParagraph2?写作目的【2022·新高考I卷】B24.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbytellingthearugulastory?写作目的【2021·英语全国甲卷】C篇30.10．WhydidtheauthorliketospendtimeinSouthbankwhenhereturnedtoLondon?写作目的【2021·全国高考乙卷】C篇29．Whydoestheauthordiscussplasticstrawsinparagraph3?写作目的【2021·全国新高考I】 D篇33．Whydoestheauthormention“doctor”and“cheater”inparagraph2?写作目的【2021·全国新高考II卷】D篇34．WhydoesPeteBondsstillhirecowboystowatchcattle?写作目的【2023·全国乙卷】D 35.Whichofthefollowingbooksisthetextmostlikelyselectedfrom?文章出处【2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷】C28.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?文章出处【2022·新高考I卷】A21.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?文章出处【2022·全国高考乙卷】B27.Whatisthetext?文章出处【2021·英语全国甲卷】A篇23．Wherecanthetextbefound?文章出处【2022年1月（浙江卷）】26．Whatisthetext?文章出处【2023·全国乙卷】31.Whatmighttheauthorcontinuetalkingabout?写作方法【2021·北京卷】32．TheauthorraisesthreequestionsinParagraph2mainlyto________．写作方法【2020·全国新课标III】32.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusbytheexamplesinparagraph1?写作方法命题点01逻辑推断题典例01【2023年新高考I卷B篇】“Ecologicaldesign”isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes.“LifeonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfortheinventor,”hesays.“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat’shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.”27.WhatisthebasisforJohn’swork?A.Naturecanrepairitself. B.Organismsneedwatertosurvive.C.LifeonEarthisdiverse. D.Mosttinycreaturesliveingroups.典例02【2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷D】Para4:Acrossthe320submissions,apatternofcategoriestheresearcherscalla“naturelanguage”begantoemerge.Afterthecodingofallsubmissions,halfadozencategorieswerenotedmostoftenasimportanttovisitors.Theseincludeencounteringwildlife,walkingalongtheedgeofwater,andfollowinganestablishedtrail.Para5:Namingeachnatureexperiencecreatesausablelanguage,whichhelpspeoplerecognizeandtakepartintheactivitiesthataremostsatisfyingandmeaningfultothem.Forexample,theexperienceofwalkingalongtheedgeofwatermightbesatisfyingforayoungprofessionalonaweekendhikeinthepark.Backdowntownduringaworkday,theycanenjoyamoredomesticformofthisinteractionbywalkingalongafountainontheirlunchbreak.Para6:“We’retryingtogeneratealanguagethathelpsbringthehuman-natureinteractionsbackintoourdailylives.Andforthattohappen,wealsoneedtoprotectnaturesothatwecaninteractwithit,”saidPeterKahn,aseniorauthorofthestudy.34.WhatcanwelearnfromtheexamplegiveninParagraph5?A.Walkingisthebestwaytogainaccesstonature.B.Youngpeoplearetoobusytointeractwithnature.C.Thesamenatureexperiencetakesdifferentforms.D.Thenaturelanguageenhancesworkperformance.典例03【2023·全国甲卷D篇】Obviously,ifprecautions(预防)arenttaken,grizzliescanbecometroublesome,sometimeskillingfarmanimalsorwalkingthroughyardsinsearchoffood.Ifpeopleremovefoodandattractantsfromtheiryardsandcampsites,grizzlieswilltypicallypassbywithouttrouble.Puttingelectricfencingaroundchickenhousesandotherfarmanimalquartersisalsohighlyeffectiveatgettinggrizzliesaway.“Ourhopeistohaveaclean,attractant-freeplacewherebearscanpassthroughwithoutlearningbadhabits,”saysJamesJonkel,longtimebiologistwhomanagesbearsinandaroundMissoula.35.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Foodshouldbeprovidedforgrizzlies.B.Peoplecanliveinharmonywithgrizzlies.C.Aspecialpathshouldbebuiltforgrizzlies.D.Technologycanbeintroducedtoprotectgrizzlies.命题点02观点态度题典例01【2023年新高考II卷D篇】Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudentstheresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn’tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether.”Somehow,theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremainthepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.15.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardNavajas’studies?A.Unclear. B.Dismissive. C.Doubtful. D.Approving.典例02【2023年1月·浙江卷B篇】Para3：Zerowastewasaradicallifestylemovementafewyearsback.IremembershowingmyparentsavideoofBeaJohnson,sharinghowcoolIthoughtitwouldbetobuygrocerieswithjars,andhavesolittletrash!Afewdayslater,Icamebackwithmyfirstjarsofzerowastegroceries,andmydadcommentedonhowsillyitwasformetocarryjarseverywhere.Itcameoffasabitdiscouraging.Yetasthemonthsofreducingwastecontinued,IdidwhatIcouldthatwaswithinmyownreach.Ihadmyownbedroom,soIworkedonremovingthingsIdidn’tneed.SinceIhadmyowntoiletries(洗漱用品),Iwasabletostartpersonalisingmyroutinetobemoresustainable.Ialsoofferedtocookeverysooften,soIportionedoutabitofthecupboardformyownzerowastegroceries.Perhapsyourhouseholdwon’tentirelymaketheswitch,butyoumayhavesomecontroloveryourownpersonalspacestomakethechangesyoudesire.Asyoumakeyourlifestylechanges,youmayfindyourselfwantingtospeakupforyourselfifotherscommentonwhatyou’redoing,whichcanturnitselfintoawholehouseholddebate.Ifyouhaveindividualswhoarenotonboard,yourwordsprobablywon’tdomuchandcanoftenleaveyoufeelingmorediscouraged.Sohereismyadvice:Leadbyaction.25．Whatwastheattitudeoftheauthor’sfathertowardbuyinggrocerieswithjars?A．Hedisapprovedofit. B．Hewasfavorabletoit.C．Hewastolerantofit. D．Hedidn’tcareaboutit.典例03【2021年新高考I卷之D篇】Para3：Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.Themostpositiveaspectofthispopularizationisanewandmuchneededemphasis(重视)onemotionbyemployers,educatorsandothersinterestedinpromotingsocialwell-being.Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepublicandresearchersre-evaluatethefunctionalityofemotionsandhowtheyservepeopleadaptivelyineverydaylife.Althoughthecontinuingpopularappealofemotionalintelligenceisdesirable,wehopethatsuchattentionwillexciteagreaterinterestinthescientificandscholarlystudyofemotion.Itisourhopethatincomingdecades,advancesinsciencewilloffernewperspectives(视角)fromwhichtostudyhowpeoplemanagetheirlives.Emotionalintelligence,withitsfocusonbothheadandheart,mayservetopointusintherightdirection.34.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence?A.Favorable. B.Intolerant.C.Doubtful. D.Unclear.命题点03写作意图题典例01【2023年新高考II卷B篇】Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse-likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.26.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioningFuzhou?A.ToreviewJohn’sresearchplans. B.ToshowanapplicationofJohn’sidea.C.TocompareJohn’sdifferentjobs. D.ToerasedoubtsaboutJohn’sinvention.典例02【2023年1月·浙江卷C】Para1:Amachinecannownotonlybeatyouatchess,itcanalsooutperformyouindebate.Lastweek,inapublicdebateinSanFrancisco,asoftwareprogramcalledProjectDebaterbeatitshumanopponents,includingNoaOvadia,Israel’sformernationaldebatingchampion.Brilliantthoughitis,ProjectDebaterhassomeweaknesses.Ittakessentencesfromitslibraryofdocumentsandprebuiltargumentsandstringsthemtogether.Thiscanleadtothekindsoferrorsnohumanwouldmake.Suchwrinkleswillnodoubtbeironedout,yettheyalsopointtoafundamentalproblem.AsKristianHammond,professorofelectricalengineeringandcomputerscienceatNorthwesternUniversity,putit:“There’sneverastageatwhichthesystemknowswhatit’stalkingabout.”28．WhydoestheauthormentionNoaOvadiainthefirstparagraph?A．Toexplaintheuseofasoftwareprogram.B．ToshowtheclevernessofProjectDebater.C．TointroducethedesignerofProjectDebater.D．Toemphasizethefairnessofthecompetition.典例03【2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷C】ReadingArt:ArtforBookLoversisacelebrationofaneverydayobject—thebook,representedhereinalmostthreehundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld.Theimageofthereaderappearsthroughouthistory,inartmadelongbeforebooksaswenowknowthemcameintobeing.Inartists’representationsofbooksandreading,weseemomentsofsharedhumanitythatgobeyondcultureandtime.Inthis“bookofbooks”,artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizestheseconnectionsbetweendifferenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadathomeoratschool,withthebookasafocusforrelationsbetweenthegenerations.Adultsareportrayed(描绘)aloneinmanysettingsandposes—absorbedinavolume,deepinthoughtorlostinamomentofleisure.Thesescenesmayhavebeenpaintedhundredsofyearsago,buttheyrecordmomentswecanallrelateto.

Booksthemselvesmaybeusedsymbolicallyinpaintingstodemonstratetheintellect(才智),wealthorfaithofthesubject.Beforethewideuseoftheprintingpress,booksweretreasuredobjectsandcouldbeworksofartintheirownright.Morerecently,asbookshavebecomeinexpensiveoreventhrowaway,artistshaveusedthemastherawmaterialforartworks—transformingcovers,pagesorevencompletevolumesintopaintingsandsculptures.Continueddevelopmentsincommunicationtechnologieswereoncebelievedtomaketheprintedpageoutdated.Froma21st-centurypointofview,theprintedbookiscertainlyancient,butitremainsasinteractiveasanybattery-powerede-reader.Toserveitsfunction,abookmustbeactivatedbyauser:thecoveropened,thepagesparted,thecontentsreviewed,perhapsnoteswrittendownorwordsunderlined.Andincontrasttoourincreasinglynetworkedliveswheretheinformationweconsumeismonitoredandtracked,aprintedbookstilloffersthechanceofawhollyprivate,“off-line”activity.31.Whatdoestheauthorwanttosaybymentioningthee-reader?A.Theprintedbookisnottotallyoutofdate.B.Technologyhaschangedthewayweread.C.Ourlivesinthe21stcenturyarenetworked.D.Peoplenowrarelyhavethepatiencetoread.命题点04文章出处题和读者对象题典例01（2023年新高考II卷C篇片段）ReadingArt:ArtforBookLoversisacelebrationofaneverydayobject—thebook,representedhereinalmostthreehundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld.Theimageofthereaderappearsthroughouthistory,inartmadelongbeforebooksaswenowknowthemcameintobeing.Inartists’representationsofbooksandreading,weseemomentsofsharedhumanitythatgobeyondcultureandtime.Inthis“bookofbooks,”artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizestheseconnectionsbetweendifferenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadathomeoratschool,withthebookasafocusforrelationsbetweenthegenerations.8.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Anintroductiontoabook. B.Anessayontheartofwriting.C.Aguidebooktoamuseum. D.Areviewofmodernpaintings.典例02（2023年新高考I卷A篇片段）GradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLiteratureGradingScale90-100,A;80-89,B;70-79,C;60-69,D;Below60,E.Essays(60%)Yourfourmajoressayswillcombinetoformthemainpartofthegradeforthiscourse:Essay1=10%;Essay2=15%;Essay3=15%;Essay4=20%.21．Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A．Atextbook. B．Anexampaper. C．Acourseplan. D．Anacademicarticle.Ⅰ逻辑推断题常见的设问方式： 1.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthe? 2．Whatcanbeinferredaboutfromthelastparagraph? 3．Whatcanwelearnfrom?4．Whatcanweinferaboutfromthetext?解题指导：浏览选项，首先排除对原文信息简单重复的错误选项抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理：在原文中确定推理依据的位置或范围后，要善于抓住关键信息去分析判断；整合全文/段信息进行推断：有时需要在弄懂全文或全段的基础上，整合与题目相关的有效信息去进行综合推断，才能确定最佳选项。无论哪种推断形式必须立足原文，避免主观臆断。Ⅱ观点态度题做此类题目必须透过文章的字面意义去理解。作者的态度和观点无非也就是三种：支持、赞同、乐观；反对、批评、怀疑、悲观；中立、客观。作者的态度和观点常用一些形容词、副词和不定意义的动词来表达，如possible,impossible,seem,strange等。这时需要注意的是：一定要理清作者所列举的事例与其观点、态度是一致的还是相反的。有些文章作者的观点态度隐含在文章的字里行间，需要通读全文，才能做出正确的判断。注意熟悉一些常见的有关作者情感、态度的词语。解题指导：认真审题，明确“谁对谁”的态度，明确答题方向关注段落首尾句，推断文章和段落主题，确定观点注意作者或文中人物的措辞分析修饰语和字里行间所隐含的意思，切忌用自己观点代替作者或文中人物的观点；牢记观点态度的常见词语观点态度例词支持肯定positive(积极的)、supportive(支持的)、optimistic(乐观的)humorous(幽默的)、enthusiastic(热情的)、pleasant(愉快的)；中立neutral(中立的)、objective(客观的)、notmentioned(未提及的)、uninterested(不感兴趣的)、indifferent(漠不关心的)；否定反对negative(否定的)、suspicious/skeptical(怀疑的)、disgusted(憎恶的)critical(批评的)、disappointed(失望的)、disapproving(不赞成的)。Ⅲ写作意图题常见的设问方式：Whatisthemainpurposeoftheauthorwritingthetext?Thepurposeofthetextistogetmorepeopleto_______.Thewriterofthestorywantstotellusthat________.Thefact…ismentionedbytheauthortoshow________.Theauthorwritersthelastparagraphinorderto________.写作意图推断题要求考生根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图及作者运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接表明自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这种题型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行分析和归纳总结的能力。一般来说，我们可以通过分析文章的文体特点，理解作者的词句选择和识别文章的语气来推断出作者的写作意图。记叙文：通常会在首段或尾段出现高度概括性语言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有叙述都围绕该哲理展开（totellastory,toentertainreaders,toshareanexperience...）；应用文：文章常对某事物或服务进行详细介绍，使用具有明显倾向性的语言（tosell,toattract,topersuade,topromote...）说明文：其写作意图依赖于对文章主题句的把握，应找准主题句（tointroduce,toexplain,toinform,tomakecomparisons...）；议论文：一般开头提出某论点，中间进行论证，最后得出结论，写作意图常隐含于最后一部分中。Ⅳ文章出处题和读者对象题解题指导：根据文章的话题和细节确定文章出处或写作对象根据文章的体裁和内容判断文章的中心话题广告：语言简洁鲜明，有亮点；报刊：时事性强，分不同板块，高考中常以政治、生活的话题为主；杂志：覆盖生活各个层面，更贴近幕后，更贴近生活；产品说明书：对某产品的功能特色及操作方式等做出介绍；药品说明：说明药品的服用时间、次数、药量、禁忌等；网络：文体不限，找到clickhere，download，up­load，link，mouse,surf等网络标志考向01-逻辑推断题【2023届福建省厦门一中高三二模试题C篇片段】Toomuchtimespentongaming,smartphonesandwatchingtelevisionislinkedtoheightenedlevelsanddiagnoses(诊断)ofanxietyordepressioninchildrenasyoungasage2,accordingtoanewstudy.WhatdoweknowaboutTwengeandCampbell’sstudyaccordingtoparagraph2?A．Itrequiresfurtherresearch.B．Itbringschildrenlesscomfort.C．Itneedsgreaterabilitytofinish.D．Itgeneratesmorepublicconcern.考向02-观点态度题【2023上·河北·高三泊头市第一中学校联考期中片段】AliAmiriatAaltoUniversityinFinlandsaysthereport’sconclusionsaboutemissionsfromrisingdemandareprobablycorrect,butthestoryisdifferentforwoodwealreadyharvest.“Boostingtheefficiencyofcurrentharvestsandusingmorewoodforlongerlivedpurposesthanpaperwouldcutemissions,”hesays.“Wecannotjustsayweshouldstopusingwood.”9．WhatisAliAmiri’sattitudetowardthenewresult?A．Favorable. B．Doubtful. C．Critical. D．Objective.考向03-写作意图题【2023届湖南省九校联盟第二次联考英语试题片段】“Howbeautifulthejasmine(茉莉花)is!Asweetsmellcoversthebuddingtwigs.Sofragrant,sowhite,admiredbyalllips.”ThefamedChinesefolksongJasmineFlowerhasreachedaglobalaudiencewithitsbeautifulmelodyandlyrics.EquallypopularisthetraditionallymadeJasminetea,whoseelegantfragranceandmellowtastefascinatecountlessteadrinkers.Whatistheauthor’spurposeofquotingthesongJasmineFlower?A．Totellusnottoneglectthesong.B．Toshowthepopularityofthesong.C．Tointroducethetopic—Jasminetea.D．ToclarifytheoriginofJasminetea.考向04-文章出处题和读者对象题【2023上·山东青岛·高三统考期中片段】ThefilmLunana:AYak(牦牛)intheClassroom,nominatedforanOscarintheBestInternationalFeaturecategory,tracestheyear-longtransformativejourneyofayoungBhutaneseteacher,Ugyen.BhutanesewriteranddirectorPawoChoyning’sfirstfilmissetintherealvillageofLunana,aremotecommunityofnomadicyakherderssituatedatadizzyingaltitudeofmorethan11,000feet.4．Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A．Ablogontravelling. B．Anintroductiontoafilm.C．AguidebooktoHimalayas. D．Abiographyofadirector.推理判断三大易错陷阱【易错陷阱一】观点态度要理清【2024届河北省百师联盟高三联考片段】But,itdoesn'thavetobeallbadnews.“Onemajormotivationinstudyingthelinkbetweenclimatechangeandhuman-wildlifeconflictsisfindingsolutions,”saidAbrahms.“Aswelearnaboutspecificincidents,wecanidentifypatternsandtends-andcomeupwithinterventions(干预)totrytoaddresstheseconflicts.”Someinterventionsmaybeassimpleaspublic-awarenesscampaigns.Governmentscanalsoplanfortieswhenextremeclimateeventswillbringpeopleandwildifeintoclosercontact.“Onceyouknowtherootcausesofaconflict,youcandesigninterventionstohelpbothpeopleandwildlife,”saidAbrahms.“Wecanchange.”WhatdoesAbrahmsthinkofinterventions?A.Theyaretoosimple. B.Theyareout-of-date.C.Theyarechangeable. D.Theyarebeneficial.【易错陷阱二】写作目的要分明【2024届河北省百师联盟高三联考片段】Navigatinggrowingupalongsideacademicdemandsisadifficultphaseoflifeforanyone.“ThehardestpartofhavingdyscalculiainmyK-12experiencewasdealingwithadisabilityontopofthenormalaspectsofgrowingup,”Cladeksaid.“Growingupwithdyscalculiagreatlyaffectedmyself-worthandnotfeelinglikeIamenough,”saidCladek,whoisnowacollegestudent.“IflcouldonlybeabletofitinwiththerestofthekidsandnothavethisanxietyandfrustrationeverytimeIlookatamathproblemonmyworksheet,thenI’llbeenough,whichwasacommonthoughtIhad.”WhatdoestheauthorwanttosaybymentoningCladek'sexperience?A.Cladekhasfantasticmemoriesofschooling.B.It'sbettertohavedyscalculiadiagnosedearlier.C.Growingupwithdyscalculiaisabigchallenge.D.Academicdemandsoutweighstrugglingwithdyscalculia.【易错陷阱三】文章出处和读者对象勿混淆【湖南师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年高三摸底考试片段】Whenyouthinkaboutit,foodisanimportantpartofourlives.Familygatheringscenteraroundfoodandthecelebrationofmajorlifeeventsandmilestonesinvolvesfoodinonewayoranother.ThesameholdstrueforushereontheSpaceStation.FoodisimportantandendsupusuallybeingatopicofdiscussionforalmosteverycrewOurfoodalsocomespackagedinmanyways.Butnomatterwhattheformofthefoodthough,youstillhavethesameproblemeatingit--youdonotwantitflyingawayfromyouandmakingamesswhenyouopenitup.Inthiscasealittlebitofextrawaterisextremelyhelpful.Itkeepsthefoodkindofstickingtogetherandtothepackageandtoyourspoon.Smallthingsdoescapefromtimetotime,butwereallytryhardtominimizetherandomflyingfoodproblem.Thatisenoughfornow!NexttimeIwillwriteabouthowtocookinspace.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A．Afoodmagazine. B．Anastronaut’sjournal.C．Asci-fihandbook. D．Aspacehistorywebsite.（2023上·江苏南通·高三如皋市搬经中学校联考期中）It’sgoodtobesmart.Afterall,intelligentpeopleearnmoremoney,accumulatemorewealth,andevenlivelonger.Butthere’sanothersidetothestory.Thebrightestpeopleandstrongestleaderssometimesmakeerrorsothersdon’t,especiallyinsituationsthatrequirecommonsense.TravisBradberry,presidentatTalentSmart,explainedinhispostWhySmartPeopleActSoStupidthat“Rationalthinking(理性思维)andintelligencedon’ttendtogohandinhand.Intelligentpeoplearemorelikelytomakesillymistakesbecauseofblindspotsinhowtheyuselogic.Theseblindspotsexistbecausesmartpeopletendtobeoverconfidentintheirreasoningabilities.”Theyaresousedtobeingrightandhavingquickanswersthattheydon’tevenrealizewhenthey’remakingamessbyansweringwithoutthinkingthingsthrough.Alifetimeofpraiseleadssmartpeopletodeveloptoomuchfaithintheirintelligenceandabilities.Theyoftenfailtorecognizewhentheyneedhelp,andwhentheydorecognizeit,theytendtobelievethatnooneelseiscapableofprovidingit.“It’shardforanyonetograciouslyacceptthefactthatthey’rewrong.It’sevenharderforsmartpeoplebecausetheygrowsousedtobeingrightallthetimethatitbecomesapartoftheiridentity,”Bradberrywrote.“Forsmartpeople,beingwrongcanfeellikeapersonalattack,andbeingright,anecessity.”Smartpeoplealsohaveahardtimeacceptingfeedback.Theytendtoundervaluetheopinionsofothers,whichmeanstheyhavetroublebelievingthatanyoneisqualifiedtogivethemusefulfeedback.Notonlydoesthistendencyslowtheirgrowthandperformance,itcanleadtoharmfulrelationships,bothpersonallyandprofessionally.Smartpeopledevelopoverachievingpersonalitiesbecausethingscomesoeasilytothem.Theysimplydon’tunderstandhowhardsomepeoplehavetoworktoaccomplishthesamethings,andbecauseofthat,theypushpeopletoohard.Theysetthebartoohigh,andwhenpeopletaketoolongordon’tgetthingsquiteright,theyassumeit’sduetoalackofeffort.Sotheypushevenharder.1．Whatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutthebrightestpeople?A．Theycandifferintheirpersonalities.B．Theyareadmiredbypeoplearoundthem.C．Theyusuallyfacetheirownweaknessescalmly.D．Theycanmakesillymistakesinstraightforwardsituations.2．Whataccountsfortheexistenceofintelligentpeople’slogicalblindspots?A．Theirirrationalwayofthinking. B．Toomuchconcernabouttheirwork.C．Toomuchfaithintheirabilitytothink. D．Theirignoranceofbehavioralscience.3．Whatmayhappentosmartpeoplewhofinditdifficulttoacceptsuggestions?A．Theymayexperiencealotofemotionalstress.B．Theymaycommitmoreerrorsthaneverbefore.C．Theymaylosefaithintheiradministrativeabilities.D．Theymaysufferintheirprofessionalandprivatelife.4．Whatissaidaboutthoseworkingwithorunderoverachievingpeople?A．Theyareunderincreasingpressure. B．Theysethighergoalsforthemselves.C．Theyputalotofeffortintotheirwork. D．Theytakelesstimetogetthingsdone.（2023上·江苏·高三马坝高中校考期中）Pickled(腌制的)vegetables,fishandmeatpreservedinsalt,andbreadbakedinacirclewithaholeinthemiddle(e.g.bagels),wereoncethefoodsforthepoorofallbackgroundsincentralandeasternEurope.ButitwasJewishimmigrants(犹太移民)whobroughttheserecipestotheWest,particularlytoAmerica,inthelate19thandearly20thcenturies.BagelsandpickledfoodsbecamemainstaysofJewishdeli(熟食店)cuisine,whicharethesubjectofanexhibitionattheNew-YorkHistoricalSocietycalled“I’llHaveWhatShe’sHaving”.Theexhibitionimplicitly(含蓄地)askswhetheracuisinethathasbeenenjoyedbymillionsandhelpeddefinethetasteofNewYorkCitycontinuestobelivelytoday.Thereisadistinctlysadtonetoit.Thoughsomefoodsexistoverseveraldecades,thenumberofJewishdelisinAmericahasdroppedsharply.Black-and-whitepicturesoflong-gonepeopleeatingatlong-goneplaceslinetheexhibition’swalls.Afterall,theJewishdeliisaproductofabygoneera,shapedbyimmigration,discriminationandinner-citylife.Asimmigrants’childrenfitinwiththelocalsandmovedaway,thedelibecameoneofmanydiningchoices—lessacenterofcommunalJewishlifeandmoreapleasantplacetooccasionallycatandtalkaboutthepast.Meanwhile,delifooditselfhascrosseditslimits.Forawhile,McDonald’sinGermanyoffereda“GrilledTexasBagel”.Thatisasenselessphrasetoadeliexpert:adecentbagelbelongsnowherenearagrillandhasnothingtodowithTexas.Butitsuggeststhatbagels—likepizza,hotdogsandotherfoodsonceonlyconsumed