专题12 七选五之依据行文手法（线索词汇+逻辑关系）解题（分层练）解析版

专题验收评价专题12七选五之依据行文手法（线索词汇+逻辑关系）解题内容概览A·常考题不丢分【命题点01线索词汇题】【命题点02逻辑关系题】【微专题解释说明句易错陷阱】B·拓展培优拿高分C·挑战真题争满分命题点01线索词汇题1.【2023届山西省大同市三模】FindingtheEnergytoTakeActionWhatyou’renowexperiencingisalackofenergy.Onceyou’vehaddinner,youmaywellfindthatyounolongerhavetheenthusiasmforthosebillsorthatworkout.____4___Sohowdoyougetthatenergyback?Onesimpleansweristogotobedearlierandtowakeuplater.Tostartputtingsleepattheforefrontofyourprioritiesinsteadofatthebackofthem.____5____Insteadofexpendingenergydoingthingsthatdon’treallymatter—evenstressingoverwhattowear—understandthatyourmentalenergyisonastrictbudgetandthatyouneedtoconserveittodothethingsyoureallywanttodo!A．Losingextraweightcanprovideapowerfulenergyuplift.B．Butthepointisthatthisisonlyonepieceofthepuzzle.C．Mostofushavebigplansforwhatwewanttodoonanygivenday.D．Similarlyyoushouldalsochangesomeofyourpriorities.E．Youhavethewilltobeproductivebutalackofenergyisholdingyouback.F．Youshouldlookintochoosingadietthatwillhelptogiveyouenergy.G．Thenyou’llcrashtothepointwhereyoucan’tgetupanddoanythingconstructiveatall.【答案】4.E5.D【解析】4.根据本段的主题句可知，你所经历的事缺乏精力，根据空后可知，此处提出要找回这些精力，由此可知，此空处应涉及到要找回的精力，且句中的thatenergy为关键信息，E项“Youhavethewilltobeproductivebutalackofenergyisholdingyouback.”讲述的内容中的“缺乏精力”为空后的“thatenergy”指代的内容，且与本段的主题句吻合。故选E项。5．解析：根据空前的一句可知，应该学会把重要的事情放到前面，结合空后可知，人的精力是有严格预算的，所以要将真正想做的事情放在前面，由此可推断，此空处讲述的内容与优先安排重要的事情相关，故选D项。2.【2023·湖南郴州·校联考模拟预测】FourReasonsWhyQuietPeopleAreSuccessfulTheylistenmorethantheytalk,sotheylearnalotQuietpeopledon’tfilleveryconversationwiththeirownthoughtsandopinions,andtheycertainlydon’tfeeltheneedtopretendthattheyknoweverything.11.Theythenusethatinformationtoformanopinionatalatertime.TheycangaintrusteasilyQuietpeoplehaveanadvantagewhenitcomestogainingtrustbecausetheydon’toverreacttothingsorweartheirfeelingsontheirsleeves.12.Theydon’tcomeacrossasbeingpushyoraggressivelikesomeotherpeoplewhoarealwaystryingtogettheirway.Andsincequietpeopledon’tfeelpressuredtofilleverygapinaconversationwithwords,they’relesslikelytomakemistakesduringpresentationsormeetings.TheyaregreatplannersQuietpeopleareoftensuccessfulbecausetheyhavegreatplanningskills.13.Theythinkaboutwhatneedstobedoneandhowtogoaboutitinordertoachievetheirgoals.Theyensureeverythingisdoneaccordingtoplan,sothereislittleroomfordoubtormistakes.A．TheyseldomshowoffB．TheyaremoreconcentratedC．TheyoftenhavealotoffreshideasD．Instead,theyaremorelikelytotakeinwhatotherssayE．Forthisreason,peoplewhotalklessareoftenseenasmorehonestF．TheyknowhowtomapouttheirgoalsandaccomplishthemefficientlyG．Additionally,quietindividualsalsohavetheabilitytoconcentrateforalongtime【答案】11．D12．E13．F11．根据空前“Quietpeopledon’tfilleveryconversationwiththeirownthoughtsandopinions,andtheycertainlydon’tfeeltheneedtopretendthattheyknoweverything.(安静的人不会在对话中强行加入自己的想法和观点，他们也不会想要假装自己知道一切。)”可知，D项“相反，他们更可能会接纳其他人所说的话”是前文的顺义承接，安静的人不会在对话中强行加入自己的观点和想法，相反，他们会接纳其他人的观点，故选D项。12．根据空前“Quietpeoplehaveanadvantagewhenitcomestogainingtrustbecausetheydon’toverreacttothingsorweartheirfeelingsontheirsleeves.(当谈到获取信任时，安静的人就占优势了。因为他们不会过激反应，也不会把自己的情感表露出来。)”可知，空前提到安静的人不会过激反应，也不会把自己的感情表露出来，因此会更占优势，故E项“因为这个原因，安静的人通常被认为是更加诚实的”符合，安静的人不会过激反应，也会不容易表露自己的情感，因此，更能获得信任，且E项中的“thisreason”指代空前的“becausetheydon’toverreacttothingsorweartheirfeelingsontheirsleeves.”，故选E项。13．根据空前“Quietpeopleareoftensuccessfulbecausetheyhavegreatplanningskills.(安静的人成功的原因是因为他们有着很强的计划能力。)”可知，空前提出安静的人有着更强的计划能力，故F项“他们知道怎样规划自己的目标，并如何有效率地完成这些目标。”符合，本空具体说明规划目标，有效率地完成这些目标的计划能力，故选F项。3.【2023·重庆·重庆南开中学校考三模】ShowingupunannouncedThisreallyshouldgowithoutsaying—andappliestoanytypeofvisittosomeone’shome,anymeoftheyear-butdon’tshowupatsomeone’sdoorunannounced,orassumeyoucanstaywiththemwithoutaskingfirst.18Butifthat’snotmotivationenough,considerthepossibilitythattheymaynotbehome,orhavemadeotherpans,andmaynotbeabletoputyouup.Ignoringhouserules19Orperhapstheyrequestedthatyousaysomethinginalowvoiceafter9p.m.?Unlessyouhaveanexcuse—whichyoushoulddiscusswithyourhost—youneedtofollowtheirhouserules.Iftheydidn’tmentionanywhenyoufirstarrived,startthatconversationyourself.Actinglikeyou’restayinginahotelWhenyou’reanovernightguestinafriendorrelative’shome,youcannotexpecttheserviceofahotel.20Sodon’texpectsomeonetomakeyourbedorcleanupafteryou,mealspreparedforyou,ortohavetherunoftheplace.Ifyoucanfollowsomeguestrules,youwillbemorepopularwhenvisitingandstayingatthehomesofrelativesandfriends.A．Herearesomethingsyoucandoforthem.B．Haveyoueverbeenaskedtofollowsomerules?C．Italsomeansovernightstayswithfamilyorfriends.D．Didyourhostaskyoutoleaveyouroutsideshoesatthedoor?E．Yourhostisdoingyouafavorbylettingyoustayintheirhomeforfree.F．Hereareafewmistakestoavoidwhenyou’restayinginsomeone’shome.G．Therearemanyreasonsnottodothisoutofrespectforyourpotentlhost.【答案】18．G19．D18．根据上文“Thisreallyshouldgowithoutsaying—andappliestoanytypeofvisittosomeone’shome,anymeoftheyear-butdon’tshowupatsomeone’sdoorunannounced,orassumeyoucanstaywiththemwithoutaskingfirst.(这是毋庸置疑的——也适用于任何拜访别人的方式，一年中的任何时候——但不要不经通知就出现在别人家门口，或者认为你可以在没有事先请求的情况下和他们呆在一起)”可知，上文提到“不要不经通知就出现在别人家门口，或者认为你可以在没有事先请求的情况下和他们呆在一起”，本句对上文进行说明，这些要求是出于对主人的尊重。故G选项“出于对主人的尊重，不要这样做有很多理由”符合语境，故选G。19．根据后文“Orperhapstheyrequestedthatyousaysomethinginalowvoiceafter9p.m.?(或者他们要求你在晚上9点以后小声说点什么？)”可知，本句与后文都是针对尊重主人家的设问句，故D选项“你的主人让你把在外穿的鞋子放在门口了吗？”符合语境，故选D。4.【2023·湖南常德·常德市一中校考模拟预测】HowLaughingatYourselfMakesYouAttractiveHaveyoueverembarrassedyourselfinpublicandgotlaughedatforit?26Andit’sokay—weshouldevenhavealaughaboutthem.●Laughingatyourselfmeansacceptingwhoyoureallyare.Youmayfeelbadaboutyourselfbecauseofpastmisfortune.However,it’snormaltobeimperfect.What’simportantisthatyoushouldbehonestwithyourselfaboutwhoyouare.27Youwon’tbeabletolaughatyourselfwithoutself-acceptance.●Laughingatyourselfhelpsincreaseyourconfidence.Whenyouareabletostayoptimisticandlaughatyourself,youarelikelytobemoresuccessfulinlife.28Moreimportantly,ithelpsyourealizeyourownweaknessessoyouknowwhichareastodobetterin.A．Laughingatyourselfmakesyoupopular.B．Acceptyourselfdespiteyourimperfections.C．Youdon’tneedtotakeyourselfseriouslyallthetime.D．Chancesarethatweallhavethesekindsofexperiences.E．Learntolaughatyourselfandyouwillbemoreattractive.F．Laughingatyourselfchangesanidealimageofyourself.G．Thisisbecauselaughingatyourselfcontributestoyourmentalhealth.【答案】26．D27．B28．G26．前文“Haveyoueverembarrassedyourselfinpublicandgotlaughedatforit?(你是否曾在公共场合出丑，并因此被嘲笑过？)”提出是否有被嘲笑经历的问题，后文“Andit’sokay—weshouldevenhavealaughaboutthem.(没关系，我们甚至应该对此一笑置之。)”表示安慰，建议对此一笑了之，D项“Chancesarethatweallhavethesekindsofexperiences.(很可能我们都有这样的经历。)”符合语境，说明大家可能都有被嘲笑的经历，回答前文的问题，引出后文的建议。故选D。27．前文“However,it’snormaltobeimperfect.What’simportantisthatyoushouldbehonestwithyourselfaboutwhoyouare.(然而，不完美是正常的。重要的是，你应该诚实地面对自己。)”建议接受不完美常态，诚实面对自己，后文“Youwon’tbeabletolaughatyourselfwithoutself-acceptance.(如果不接受自己，你就无法自嘲。)”说明不接受自己的后果，B项“Acceptyourselfdespiteyourimperfections.(接受你自己，尽管你不完美。)”符合语境，建议要接受自己，延伸前文的诚实面对自己，引出后文的后果，其中的imperfections与前文的imperfect呼应，Acceptyourself与后文的self-acceptance呼应。故选B。28．前文“Whenyouareabletostayoptimisticandlaughatyourself,youarelikelytobemoresuccessfulinlife.(当你能够保持乐观和自嘲时，你可能会在生活中更成功。)”说明自嘲有助于成功，后文“Moreimportantly,ithelpsyourealizeyourownweaknessessoyouknowwhichareastodobetterin.(更重要的是，它可以帮助你认识到自己的弱点，这样你就知道在哪些方面可以做得更好。)”介绍“它”带来的好处，G项“Thisisbecauselaughingatyourselfcontributestoyourmentalhealth.(这是因为自嘲有助于心理健康。)”符合语境，介绍自嘲有助于心理健康，解释前文自嘲和成功之间的关系，引出后文进一步的好处，其中的laughingatyourself是后文的it指代的对象。故选G。命题点02逻辑关系题1.【2023届黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市高三下学期三模】Livinginthemomentisnotalwayseasy.Sometimesourthoughtsareoverwhelmedbyregretsaboutpasteventsoranxietyaboutthefuture,whichcanmakeithardtoenjoythepresent.Ifyouarehavingahardtimelivinginthemoment,therearesomesimplestrategiesthatmayhelp.●Changearoutine.___16___Onewaythatyoucanbecomemoreawareistochangeupyourroutine.Youcandosomethingassimpleaschangingthewaythatyoudrivetoworkorchangingthewayyouintroduceyourself.●Learnhowtomeditate(冥想).Meditationisagreatwaytotrainyourbraintoliveinthemoment.Learningtomeditatetakestime,practice,andguidance.___17___.Ifnoclassesareavailable,youcanalsobuyCDsthatwillhelpyoulearnhowtomeditate.●Begratefulforbreaks.Insteadofbecomingimpatientwhenyouhavetowaitforsomething,practisebeinggratefulfortheextratimetonoticeyoursurroundings.___18___Forexample,ifyouhavetowaitinalonglinetopurchaseyourmorningcoffee,takethattimetoobserveyoursurroundings.Asyoudoso,thinkaboutwhatyouaregratefulforinthatmoment.A．Dokindthingsforothers.B．You’dbetterfindameditationclassinyourarea.C．Treattheextratimeasabreakandappreciatethetime.D．Togetstartedwithmeditation,findaquietspotandgetcomfortable.E．Beinggratefulisanimportantprincipleoflifeandagreatwisdom.F．Youmaynotbelivinginthemomentbecauseyouaretoosetinyourlife.G．Evenifyouputonanaffectedsmile,youshouldstarttofeelbetterrightaway.【答案】16．F17．B18．C16．根据段落小标题“Changearoutine.(改变常规。)”可知，本段的建议是要打破常规，F项中的“youaretoosetinyourlife”和标题中的“routine”F项：Youmaynotbelivinginthemomentbecauseyouaretoosetinyourlife.(你可能无法活在当下，因为你的生活太一成不变了。)是对小标题的进一步解释说明，符合语境。故选F。17．根据段落小标题“Learnhowtomeditate(冥想).(学会如何冥想。)”可知，本段的建议是学会冥想，B项中的“ameditationclass”与标题中的“meditate”对应，与下文的“Ifnoclassesareavailable”也是呼应的。B项：You’dbetterfindameditationclassinyourarea.(你最好在你所在的地区找一个冥想班。)符合语境。故选B。18．根据此空前一句“theextratime(额外的时间)”的提示以及本段首句“Begratefulforbreaks.(对休息心存感激。)”可知，本段建议要享受额外的休息时间。C项：Treattheextratimeasabreakandappreciatethetime.(把额外的时间当作休息，珍惜这段时间。)符合语境。故选C。2.【2023·贵州遵义·统考三模】●TurntosocialsupportYourmistakemightfeellikeahugeeventinyourlife,butchancesareotherswon’tseeitassuchabigdeal.Reachingouttofriendsorfamilycanhelpyouseethebiggerpictureandfeelmoreconfident.8.Whenyouhavethatsoftness,andyouhaverelationshipsthatgiveyouconfidence,youmightbeabletotakesomeoflife’schallengeswithalightereye.A．Promisetodobetter.B．Forgiveothers’mistakes.C．Somepeopleareperfectionists.D．That’sthewaytoforgiveyourself.E．Don’texpectperfectionineverythingyoudo.F．However,thevalueofsocialsupportisoftenoverlooked.G．Here’showwecanforgiveourselveswhenfacingourmistakes.【答案】8．F根据上文“Reachingouttofriendsorfamilycanhelpyouseethebiggerpictureandfeelmoreconfident.(与朋友或家人联系可以帮助你看到更大的图景，并感到更加自信。)”可知，上文告诉我们，当我们因犯错而内疚时，可以向家人和朋友求助，F项意为“然而，社会支持的价值往往被忽视。”选项与上文构成转折关系，当我们因犯错而内疚时，可以向家人和朋友求助，但这种方法往往被忽视。故选F。3.【2023·重庆·重庆八中校考三模】Revengebedtimeprocrastination(报复性睡眠拖延症)referstothedecisiontodelaysleepinresponsetostressoralackoffreetimeearlierintheday.Theadditionoftheword“revenge”,bytheChinese,totheconceptofbedtimeprocrastinationbecamepopularonsocialmedia.21Bothlanguageversionsreflectfrustrationtiedtolong,stressfulworkhoursthatleftlittletimeforpersonalenjoyment.Peoplewhoengageinbedtimeprocrastinationknowandgenerallywanttoreceiveenoughsleep.22Thisisknownasanintention-behaviorgap.Bedtimeprocrastinationcancausesleepdeprivation(缺乏).23Notgettingenoughsleepaffectsthinking,memory,anddecision-making.Sleepdeprivationalsoraisestheriskofdaytimesleepiness,whichcanharmproductivityandacademicachievementwhileincreasingtherisksofsleepingdriving.A．Buttheyfailtoactuallydoso.B．TheChinesearenotedforworkinglonghours.C．Alackofsleepistiedtomentalandphysicalhealth.D．Therefore,itcontributestosignificantlong-termhealthproblems.E．Westruggletostayproductiveduringthedaytomakeupfortheloss.F．Withoutenoughhoursofsleep,themindandbodycan’tproperlyrecharge.G．TheEnglishterm“revengebedtimeprocrastination”appearedfromatranslationofthisexpression.【答案】21．G22．A23．F21．下文“Bothlanguageversionsreflectfrustrationtiedtolong,stressfulworkhoursthatleftlittletimeforpersonalenjoyment.(两种语言版本都反映了与长时间、压力大的工作时间有关的挫折感，这些工作时间几乎没有留给个人享受的时间)”说明前文用两种解释说明报复性睡眠拖延症的定义。空处用另一种语言版本说明报复性睡眠拖延症。G项中的“TheEnglishterm”和下文的“Bothlanguageversions”相呼应，表示“英语术语“报复性睡前拖延症”是从前面表达的翻译中出现的”。故选G。22．上文“Peoplewhoengageinbedtimeprocrastinationknowandgenerallywanttoreceiveenoughsleep.(睡前拖延症患者知道并普遍希望获得足够的睡眠)”说明睡前拖延症患者希望自己获得足够的睡眠。空处和前文为转折关系。A项中的But和前文构成转折关系，so指代前文中“wanttoreceiveenoughsleep”，表明他们虽然希望自己获得足够的睡眠，但是却做不到。故选A。23．上文“Bedtimeprocrastinationcancausesleepdeprivation(缺乏).(睡前拖延会导致睡眠不足)”说明睡眠拖延会导致睡眠不足。空处承上启下，说明睡眠不足的害处，F项中的“Withoutenoughhoursofsleep”和上文相呼应，“themindandbodycan’tproperlyrecharge”和下文“Notgettingenoughsleepaffectsthinking,memory,anddecision-making.”相呼应，说明睡眠不足，大脑和身体就无法正常充电。故选F。微专题解释说明句易错陷阱1.【2023上·江苏南京·高一南京市秦淮中学校联考期中】Whenwewalkthe“pathoflife”,sociallifeisveryimportant.Moreoftenthannot,closefriendshipscanhelpussmoothoutthesometimesrockyroadthatwearemeanttotravel.11:theymaycomforttheheart,advisetheheadandhelpusachievethegoalswesetforourselves.Throughfriendship,wecanbecomehappier,wiserandmoresatisfiedhumans.Thefirstfruitisthattheycancomforttheheart,becausethepeacecomesfromhavingsomeonewithwhomweshareourjoy,sadness,successandfailure.Here,friendshiphasadoubleadvantage-happinesstakesonagreatermeaningandatroublesharedbecomesatroublehalved!Naturally,thiskindofopennessresultsfromaclosefriendship.Withtruefriends,wefeelfreetoshareourjoyandsadnessinfullmeasure.Weknowthatourfriendswillbothrespectourfeelingsandtreasurethesemomentsofcloseness.12Thesecondoneis13Weoftenfinditeasiertorecognizeotherpeople’sweaknessesthanourown.Asaresult,ifweareguidedonlybyourownfeelings,ourjudgementsmightbeone-sided.Ontheotherhand,ourfriendsarebetterabletoofferadviceonimportantdecisionsthatweallhavetomake.Also,whenwewanttotalkourproblemsoverwithafriend,wehavetoputourthoughtsintowordsfirst.Thisalonehelpsmakeourthoughtsclearerandbringsusamorethoroughunderstandingofourproblems.Thethirdoneisthattheycanhelpusachievethegoalswesetforourselves14Sometimesafriendisevenknownasour“secondself”.Therearesomanythingsinlifethatcanonlybeachievedwiththehelpoffriends.Friendsmayhavemanydifferentideasandskills.Theycanhelpusachievewhatwewantduringlifeand,perhaps,evenafterdeath.Finally,itshouldbepointedoutthatenjoyingthecompanyofacrowdisnotthesameasbeingwithfriends.Ifwewanttobetterwalkthe“pathoflife”withthecomfort,adviceandhelpfromourtrustedfriends,15A．However,whenweseektobealone,wemustbecarefulthatwedonotalwaysescapeintoourownworld.B．becausefriendsmayofferhelpinmanydifferentways.C．Ingeneral,closefriendshipshavethreemain“fruits”.D．weshouldchoosefriendsanddeveloprelationshipscarefully.E．Indeed,thehumanheartdependsonsuchopportunitiesforcomfortandprotection.F．thattheycanadvisetheheadbecausewemayhavebetterunderstandingandjudgementthatareachievedthroughconversationswithwell-meaningandwisefriends.G．quietperiodsofreflectioncanleadtopersonalimprovement.【答案】11．C12．E13．F14．B15．D11．根据下文“theymaycomforttheheart,advisetheheadandhelpusachievethegoalswesetforourselves.(它们可以安慰我们的心，建议我们的头脑，帮助我们实现我们为自己设定的目标。)”可知，空处提出友谊带来三个好处，即安慰我们的心，建议我们的头脑，帮助我们实现目标。C项中的“threemain“fruits””与下文的“comforttheheart,advisetheheadandhelpusachievethegoals”对应。C项：Ingeneral,closefriendshipshavethreemain“fruits”.(一般来说，亲密的友谊有三个主要的“果实”。)符合语境。故选C。12．根据上文“Thefirstfruitisthattheycancomforttheheart,becausethepeacecomesfromhavingsomeonewithwhomweshareourjoy,sadness,successandfailure.(第一个果实是，它们可以安慰心灵，因为平静来自于有人与我们分享我们的喜悦，悲伤，成功和失败。)”可知，友谊安慰心灵，从而使人类的心脏得到舒适和保护。E项：Indeed,thehumanheartdependsonsuchopportunitiesforcomfortandprotection.(的确，人类的心脏依赖于这样的机会来获得舒适和保护。)符合语境。故选E。13．根据上文“theymaycomforttheheart,advisetheheadandhelpusachievethegoalswesetforourselves.(它们可以安慰我们的心，建议我们的头脑，帮助我们实现我们为自己设定的目标。)”可知，此处对应友谊带来的第二个果实，即“advisethehead”，F项中的“thattheycanadvisethehead”与上文对应。F项：thattheycanadvisetheheadbecausewemayhavebetterunderstandingandjudgementthatareachievedthroughconversationswithwell-meaningandwisefriends.(他们可以给头脑提建议，因为通过与善意和明智的朋友交谈，我们可能会有更好的理解和判断。)符合语境。故选F。14．根据下文“Sometimesafriendisevenknownasour“secondself”.Therearesomanythingsinlifethatcanonlybeachievedwiththehelpoffriends.Friendsmayhavemanydifferentideasandskills.(有时朋友甚至被称为我们的“第二个自我”。生活中有很多事情只有在朋友的帮助下才能完成。朋友们可能有很多不同的想法和技能。)”可知，空处和上文形成因果关系，解释友谊可以帮助实现我们为自己设定的目标的原因。B项：becausefriendsmayofferhelpinmanydifferentways.(因为朋友可以以许多不同的方式提供帮助。)符合语境。故选B。15．根据上文“Finally,itshouldbepointedoutthatenjoyingthecompanyofacrowdisnotthesameasbeingwithfriends.(最后，应该指出的是，享受人群的陪伴和和朋友在一起是不一样的。)”可知，文章最后提示我们选择朋友和发展人际关系要谨慎。D项：weshouldchoosefriendsanddeveloprelationshipscarefully.(我们应该谨慎地选择朋友和发展人际关系。)符合语境。故选D。2.【江苏省百校联考2023-2024学年高三试题】TofullyappreciateAustraliancuisine,youhavetoconsidertheuniquenatureofitswildlifeandgeography.Foronething,therearethewideplainsintheinteriorofthecountry,whicharehometomillionsofgrazinganimals.Foranother,thereisAustralia’slongcoastline,whichisnexttoalltherichesofthesea.16.ItisnowonderthatmuchofAustraliancuisinecentresaroundredmeatandseafood.OneofthemostpopularredmeatsinAustraliaisalsouniquetothecontinent:kangaroo.ThismayseemstrangeasthekangarooisanationalsymbolofAustralia.However,inrecentyears,kangarooshaveincreasedinnumbertoaround45million.Thesekangarooswanderontotheroadsandintocities,makingtrouble.17Asaconsequence,thegovernmentisencouragingpeopletousetheseanimalsasfood,andkangaroohasbecomeoneofthemostpopularitemsontheAustraliandinnertable.Asforseafood,manyofthefirstEuropeanswhocametoAustralialovedthesea.18Sincethecoastlineissolong,eachregionhasitsowndishesthatarerelatedtotheseafoodfoundinitswaters.

Butthen,howisallthisfoodcooked?PerhapsthefavouritewayofcookingfoodinAustraliaisthebarbecue.19Itisatimeforfriendsandrelativestogettogetherandhavefun.Evenstrangerspassingthroughwillbeofferedaseat,acolddrink,andsomethingoffthegrill.

......A．Australiaismadeupofmanyregions.B．Beyondthis,whatisAustraliancooking?C．Casualfriendlinessisthekeytosuchmeals.D．Peopleneedtopayattentiontotheprotectionofkangaroos.E．Theirincreasednumbershavealsoharmedplantsandotherwildlife.F．PerhapsthisisonereasonwhysomanyAustralianslivenearthecoast.G．ItisnowonderthatmuchofAustraliancuisinecentresaroundredmeatandseafood.【答案】17．E18．F19．C【解析】根据前文“However,inrecentyears,kangarooshaveincreasedinnumbertoaround45million.Thesekangarooswanderontotheroadsandintocities,makingtrouble.(然而，近年来，袋鼠的数量已经增加到大约4500万只。这些袋鼠在道路上游荡，进入城市，制造麻烦。)”可知，此处是讲袋鼠数量大增带来的麻烦，所以选项E“它们数量的增加也伤害了植物和其他野生动物。”切合文意。故选E。根据前文“Asforseafood,manyofthefirstEuropeanswhocametoAustralialovedthesea.(至于海鲜，许多第一批来到澳大利亚的欧洲人都喜欢大海。)”可知，此处是讲为什么许多澳大利亚人喜欢住在海岸附近，所以选项F“也许这就是为什么这么多澳大利亚人住在海岸附近的原因之一。”切合文意。故选F。19．根据后文“Itisatimeforfriendsandrelativestogettogetherandhavefun.Evenstrangerspassingthroughwillbeofferedaseat,acolddrink,andsomethingoffthegrill.(这是一个朋友和亲戚聚在一起玩的时间。即使是路过的陌生人也会得到一个座位，一杯冷饮和一些从烤架上取下来的东西。)”和前文“PerhapsthefavouritewayofcookingfoodinAustraliaisthebarbecue.(也许在澳大利亚最受欢迎的烹饪方式是烧烤。)”可知，此处是讲澳大利亚人最喜欢的烹饪方式是烧烤是因为澳大利亚人对周围人的友好态度，所以选项C“随意的友好是这种用餐的关键。”切合文意。故选C。3.【河北省衡水市第二中学2023-2024学年高三检测试题】TheaveragecostofaniPhonehasclimbedup,andeventhemostaffordableAndroiddevicescomewitharisingprice.16Itiswisetopaycloseattentiontothebestpracticesforextendingthelifeofyoursmartphone.Fortunately,thereareseveralwaystodothis.Removeunnecessaryappsandphotos.Whenthestorageandcapabilities(能力)ofthesmartphonearebeingmaxedout,thephonewillbecomemuchlessresponsive.17Toavoidthisunnecessaryexpense,makesurethatyouregularlyremoveanyapps,photos,documentsortextmessagesthatyoudonotactuallyneed.A．Powerdownregularly.B．Keepthebatteryingoodcondition.C．Butitmaynotbeinyourbestintereststousethem.D．Itoftenconvincespeopletoupgradebeforetheytrulyneedto.E．Ithelpsyourphoneneverbecomeoverloadedwithtoomuchdata.F．Soitdoesnotmakesensetotaketheriskofharmingitwithsweat.G．Areyouwastingyourmoneybyreplacingyourmobilephoneannually?【答案】16．G17．D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些保养维护手机的方法。根据上文“TheaveragecostofaniPhonehasclimbedup,andeventhemostaffordableAndroiddevicescomewitharisingprice.(iPhone的平均价格已经攀升，即使是最实惠的Android设备也在涨价)”以及后文“Itiswisetopaycloseattentiontothebestpracticesforextendingthelifeofyoursmartphone.Fortunately,thereareseveralwaystodothis.(密切关注延长智能手机寿命的最佳做法是明智的。幸运的是，有几种方法可以做到这一点)”可知，本句主要是关于更换手机是否划算的问题。故G选项“你每年更换手机是在浪费钱吗？”符合语境。故选G。17．根据上文“Whenthestorageandcapabilities(能力)ofthesmartphonearebeingmaxedout,thephonewillbecomemuchlessresponsive.(当智能手机的存储空间和功能达到极限时，手机的响应速度就会大大降低)”以及后文“Toavoidthisunnecessaryexpense,makesurethatyouregularlyremoveanyapps,photos,documentsortextmessagesthatyoudonotactuallyneed.(为了避免这些不必要的花费，确保你定期删除所有你实际上不需要的应用程序、照片、文档或短信)”可知，上文提到“存储空间和功能达到极限时，手机的响应速度就会大大降低”，即内存会影响人们的使用，让人们换手机，故D选项“它常常在真正需要升级之前就说服了人们”符合语境。故选D。（2023上·北京朝阳·高三统考期中）Manyofussetgoals,butsometimeswefailtoachievethem.Therearemanycauseswhywedon’tmanagetorealizeourgoals.1Thereisaway,though,tohelpaddressthisproblem:setreminders.Peopleemployapsychologicalstrategycalledcognitive(认知的)offloading,whereweuseaphysicalactiontoreducedemandsonourbrain.Specifically,wemayoutsourceourintentionsfrombeingstoredinourbrainstoremindersoutsideourhead.2Understandingthebenefitsofcognitiveoffloadingcanimproveourabilitytorememberandfollowthroughwithourintentions.Thebiggestbenefitissimplythatitimprovesmemoryperformance.Itincreasestheprobabilitythatwewillworktowardsthegoalsweneedtoreach.3“Themoreweoffloadunimportantinformation,suchasitemsonashoppinglist,themorewecanuseourbrainforthosemoresignificantcognitivetasks,suchascreativity,”saidSamGilbert,professorattheUniversityCollegeLondon.4Still,therearepotentialnegativepartsforit.Wearemorelikelytoforgetwhatweoffloadedifwenolongeraccessourstorage,suchaswhenoursmartphonedies.Wealsotendtooffloadtheimportantthingswemostwanttoremember.Inasurprisetestwheretheirreminderswerewipedclean,theparticipantsweremorelikelytoforgettheimportantitemsandrecalltheunimportantones,thatis,themoreimportanttheintentionwewanttoremember,themorelikelywearetooffloadit—andtoforgetit.We’dbettertendtocreatereminderswhenwethinkweneedthem,butnotnecessarilywhenwedoneedthem.5“Ifourunderstandingofourmemoryabilityiswrong,thissuggeststhatwewilleitheroveruseorunderusereminders,”Gilbertsaid.“Wecanlearnbynoticingthetimesthatwehaveforgottentodosomethingandcouldhaveusedreminderstohelp.”A．Cognitiveoffloadinghasnoticeablebenefits.B．Onecommonreasonisthatwesimplyforgetthem.C．Besides,itcanfreeupourlimitedcognitiveresources.D．Agoodexamplecanbedocumentsonoursmartphonecalendars.E．Theprocessofcognitiveoffloadinghelpsusidentifyfalseinformation.F．Ourbeliefsabouthowgoodourmemoryisdirectlyinfluencewhetherwesetthem.G．Otherexpertssayit’stoosoontounderstandhowcognitiveoffloadingaffectsourbrains.【答案】1．B2．D3．C4．A5．F【导语】本文是说明文。介绍了认知卸载的好处和坏处，以及什么时候创建提醒。1．根据前文“Therearemanycauseswhywedon’tmanagetorealizeourgoals.(我们无法实现目标的原因有很多)”可知，此处是说明无法实现目标的原因，所以B项“Onecommonreasonisthatwesimplyforgetthem.(一个常见的原因是我们只是忘记了它们)”符合主题，并引出下文“Thereisaway,though,tohelpaddressthisproblem:setreminders.(不过，有一个方法可以帮助解决这个问题：设置提醒)”。故选B项。2．根据前文“Peopleemployapsychologicalstrategycalledcognitive(认知的)offloading,whereweuseaphysicalactiontoreducedemandsonourbrain.Specifically,wemayoutsourceourintentionsfrombeingstoredinourbrainstoremindersoutsideourhead.(人们采用一种叫做认知卸载的心理策略，即我们用身体动作来减少对大脑的需求。具体来说，我们可能会把我们的意图从储存在大脑里外包给大脑外的提醒)”可知，此处讲述了设置提醒具体方法，所以D项“Agoodexamplecanbedocumentsonoursmartphonecalendars.(一个很好的例子就是我们智能手机日历上的文档)”是对此方法的具体举例，符合文意。故选D项。3．根据前文“Understandingthebenefitsofcognitiveoffloadingcanimproveourabilitytorememberandfollowthroughwithourintentions.Thebiggestbenefitissimplythatitimprovesmemoryperformance.Itincreasestheprobabilitythatwewillworktowardsthegoalsweneedtoreach.(了解认知卸载的好处可以提高我们的记忆能力和贯彻我们的意图的能力。最大的好处就是提高了记忆性能。它增加了我们朝着我们需要达到的目标努力的可能性)”可知，此处在讲述了解认知卸载的好处，根据后文““Themoreweoffloadunimportantinformation,suchasitemsonashoppinglist,themorewecanuseourbrainforthosemoresignificantcognitivetasks,suchascreativity,”saidSamGilbert,professorattheUniversityCollegeLondon.(伦敦大学学院的教授山姆·吉尔伯特说：“我们越不去想那些不重要的信息，比如购物清单上的东西，我们就越能把大脑用于那些更重要的认知任务，比如创造力。”)”是在讲述另一个好处，所以空处应是C项“Besides,itcanfreeup