英语阅读专题

巴东三中高三英语阅读专题

ReadingComprehension

-Inference&Judgment

ByQiaoWanchun

一、考纲解读：

阅读文章的主要目的是获取信息，在实际的阅读活动中，有时需要根据文章提供的事实和

线索，进行逻辑推理，推测作者未提到的事实或某事发生的可能性等。因此，这类问题要求考生

在理解文章总体内容的基础上，去领会作者的言外之意。

二、题型介绍：

推理判断题属于主观题，是层次较高的题目。该题要求在理解表面文字的基础上，作出判

断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含的意思和深层的意思，也就是通过文章中的文字信息，上下逻辑

关系及事物的发展变化等已知的信息，推断出作者没有直接表达的态度和观点。

三、设题方式：

推测作者写作目的或意图的设题形式有：

1)Thepurposeinwritingthistextisto.

2)Theauthorwritesthispassageto.

3)Theauthorinthispassageintendsto_.

4)Thewritersuggeststhat...?

推测文章的观点或结论的设题形式有：

1)Itcanbeinferred/concludedfromthepassagethat.

2)Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthepassage?

3)Fromthepassagewecanconcludethat.

4)Whatisimpliedinthefirstparagraph?

推断文章出处或结构的设题形式有：

l)Thepassageismostlikelytobetakenfrom.

2)Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?

3)Thepassageismostlikelyapartof.

4)Whatwilltheauthormostprobablydiscussintheparagraphthatfollows/thefollowingparagraph?

四、试题类型与方法点拨：

1.细节推断题

要求根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可

根据短文提供的信息,或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。

【真题回放】：

(A)(2011湖北，E片段)

InJanuary,Starbucksannouncedthatcustomerscouldstartusingtheirphonestobuycoffeein

6,800ofitsstates.Thisisthefirstpay-by-phonepracticeintheU.S.,butwe'relikelytoseemore

wirelesspaymentalternativesassomethingcalledNearFieldCommunication(NFC)getsinto

America'sconsumerelectronics.LastDecembersomenewsmartphoneswhichcontainanNFCchip

wereintroducedtothepublic.

67.WhatispredictedtohappenintheU.S.?(B)

A.Theexpansionofcellphonecompanies.B.Theboomofpay-by-phonebusiness.

C.Thedisappearanceofcreditcards.D.TheincreaseofStarbuckssales.

(B)(2011湖北,D片段）

Mitigating(0或轻)climatechangecouldprovejustasdamagingtohumanwelfareasclimate

changeitself.Achildthatdiesfromindoorsmokeinavillage,wheretheuseoffossil-fuel(化石燃料)

electricityisforbiddenbywell-meaningmembersofgreenpoliticalmovementstryingtosavetheworld,

isjustasgreatatragedyasachildthatdiesinafloodcausedbyclimatechange.Ifclimatechange

provestobemild,butcuttingcarboncausesrealpain,wemaywellfindthatwehavestoppeda

nose-bleedbyputtingatourniquet(止血.带)aroundournecks.

66.Whatdoesthelastsentenceofthepassageimply?(B)

A.Cuttingcarbonisnecessaryinspiteofthehugecost.

B.Overreactiontoclimatechangemaybedangerous.

C.People'shealthiscloselyrelatedtoclimatechange.

D.Carelessmedicaltreatmentmaycausegreatpain.

2.因果推断题

要求考生根据已知结果推测导致结果的可能原因。考生要准确掌握文章的内涵，理解文章的

真正含义。

【真题回放】：

（C）（2011湖北，C片段）

SincePowderhallissupposedtoclosein2015,itseemednecessaryforthemembersofthe

EdinburghCounciltoacceptthesuggestion.Butsoontheyturneditdown—after700localobjections

reachedthem—becauseitwouldhavemeanthundredsoflorriesadaymakingloudnoisethrough

heavilypopulatedareas.

61.ThecitycouncilofEdinburghrejectedthesuggestiontoopenahugelandfillsitenear

Portobellobecause.(D)

A.itcamefromaprivatecompanyB.thecouncilwasnotinterestedinit

C.itwasnotsupportedbyEUD.thelocalpeoplewereagainstit

3.人物性格、态度及观点判断题

考查考生对作者的主导思想、被描写人物语气、言谈话语中流露的情绪、性格倾向和作者或

文中人物态度、观点等方面的理解题。做这类题时一定要注意：

1）准确把握字里行间的意思，切勿用自己的主观想法或观点代替作者的思想观点。

2）特别注意那些描写环境气氛的语言，以及表达感情、态度观点的词语。要特别注意表达感情

色彩的形容词。

3）能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识来识别评价。

(D)(2009湖北C片段)

Ifjusticeweredone,theSwisswatchindustryshouldhavecloseddownwhentheJapanese

discoveredhowtomakeaccuratewatchesforafive-poundnote.InsteadtheSwissreinventedthewatch,

withtheaidofmillionsofpounds'worthofadvertising,asamessageaboutthemanwearingit.Rolexes

areforthosewhospendtheirweekendsclimbingicymountains;aPatekPhilippeisforonefromarich

ornoblefamily;aBreitlingsuggestsyouliketopilotplanesacrosstheworld.

60.Itseemsridiculoustothewriterthat.(D)

A.peopledive300metresintotheseaB.expensivewatchessellbetterthancheapones

C.cheapcarsdon'trunasfastasexpensiveones

D.expensivewatcheswithunnecessaryfunctionsstillsell

4.预测想象推理题

有些内容文章中没有明确说明，要求考生根据语篇，对事件可能的结局或下段可能涉及的内

容等进行预测推理。做这类题时应把握文章结构或作者的写作思路(如总分结构、事件发展

的经过、因果关系、对比关系…),从而作出比较科学的、合情合理的预测。

【真题回放工

(E)(2010湖北，B片段)

Inthisarticle,rildescribethreeno-winsituationsthatcommonlyarisebetweenteensandparents

andthensuggestsomewaysoutofthetrap.Thefirstno-winsituationisquarrelsoverunimportant

things.Examplesincludethecoloroftheteen,shair,thecleanlinessofthebedroom,thepreferredstyle

ofclothing,thechild'sfailuretoeatagoodbreakfastbeforeschool,orhistendencytosleepuntilnoon

ontheweekends.

Second,blaming.Thegoalofablamingbattleistomaketheotheradmitthathisbadattitudeis

thereasonwhyeverythinggoeswrong.Third,needingtoberight.Itdoesn'tmatterwhatthetopic

is-politics,thelawsofphysics,ortheproperwaytobreakanegg-thepointoftheseargumentsisto

provethatyouarerightandtheotherpersoniswrong,forbothwishtobeconsideredan

authority—someonewhoactuallyknowssomething—andthereforetocommandrespect.Unfortunately,

aslongasparentsandteenscontinuetoassumethattheyknowmorethantheother,they'llcontinueto

fightthesebattlesforeverandnevermakeanyrealprogress.

58.Whatwilltheauthormostprobablydiscussintheparagraphthatfollows?(C)

A.Causesfortheparent-teenconflicts.B.Examplesoftheparent-teenwar.

C.Solutionsfortheparent-teenproblems.D.Futureoftheparent-teenrelationship.

5.写作意图推测题

此题型要求考生根据文章的论述，推测作者的写作意图及运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一

般不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实和形象，客观地使读者信服某种想法或意

见。这种题型要求同学们不但能理解文章的内容，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的写作方法进行

归纳总结和分析的能力。

【真题回放工

(F)(2008湖北B片段)

Onpurpose,sheturnedandscratchedanearbyboy,Tom,andwaitedquietlywhileImothered

andrewardedhim,thenshewalkedaway.

Shehasneverscratchedachildsince.

Parentswhofindolderchildrenbullyingyoungerbrothersandsistersmightdowellto

replaceshoutingandpunishmentbyrewardingandgivingmoreattentiontotheinjuredones.It's

certainlymucheasierandmoreeffective.

68.Thewriterofthispassageaimstorecommendanapproachto.(B)

A.rewardingchildren'sgoodbehaviorB.correctingchildren'sbadbehavior

C.punishingbadly-behavedchildrenD.praisingwell—behavedchildren

五、干扰项的设置

1.短文内容的简单重复，不是推理得出的结论。

2.与原文相悖的内容。

3.与常识相吻合，但文中找不到证据。

4.文章没有涉及，纯属主观臆断的结论。

【真题回放工

(G)(2007湖北A片段)

SincethebeginningofthespreadofAIDSin1981,about11.7millionpeoplehavediedofit.Itis

roughlycalculatedthatin1997alone,about2,3millionpeoplediedofit.Nevertheless,therearefresh

reasonsforoptimisminthebattleagainstAIDS.Duringthepastfewyears,therehasbeenadropinnew

AIDScasesinwealthynations.Inaddition,promisingdrugsholdouthopeofbetterhealthandlonger

life.

64.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat.(B)

A.promisingdrugswillsoonstopAIDSB.thespreadofAIDScouldbecontrolled

C.itishopelesstowinthebattleagainstAID

D.thedeathrateofAIDSpatientshasbeenreduced

六、方法总结：

Dos

First,glancethroughthequestionsandskimthepassagetolocaterelevantinformation.

Second,understandtheinformation,payingmuchattentiontothesentencestructuresandkey

words.

Third,sincewecan'tmakeouttheinferencequestionsdirectly,wecanjustreadbetweenthelines

togetthehiddenmeaning.

Fourth,compareeachchoiceanddecideontherightonethatisclosesttothetext.

Don'ts

First,don'tunderstandtheinformationonlyliterally.

Second,don'tunderstandtheinformationpartially.

Third,don'timposeourownopinionsonthewriter.

七、建议：

Readeveryday,becauseonlyinthiswaycanwepolishupourskillsandincreaseourspeedand

accuracy!

Domorepracticebecausepracticemakesperfect!

ReadingComprehension

graspingthemainidea

一、考纲解读

在高考阅读理解中，主旨大意题的考查占有十分重要的位置。掌握所读材料的主旨和大意也

是《英语课程标准》和《考试说明》对考生的基本要求之一。只有通过阅读掌握了文章的主题，

才能正确理解文章，进而根据文章的事实细节推测作者的态度和观点。

二、题型分类和常见题干形式

1、标题类——体现概括性，避免偏离主题

(1)Thebesttitleforthispassageis.

(2)Thesuitableheadlineforthispassagemaybe.

(3)Thetitlethatbestexpressestheideaofthepassageis.

(4)Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthispassage?

2、文章主旨类——体现全面性，避免以偏概全

(l)Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

(2)Thepassagetalksabout...

(3)Thepassagetellsusthat...

(4)Thispassagemainlydealswith...

(5)What'sthemainidea/topicofthepassage?

3、段落主旨类——体现针对性，避免张应李戴

三、解题技巧

对主旨大意的把握主要是从词汇、段落、篇章这三部分入手，下面从这三方面来做详细的分

析。

1、词汇——抓住关键词

要做到抓住关键词，首先要注意一些标志性的词语，如Asaresult.AsfarasIamconcerned,

Onthewhole,inshort,thereforeagreewiththeopinionthat…Givenallthesepointsabove,Iwould

supporttheideathat…Forallthereasonsmentionedabove,Iwouldprefer…

其次，要特别注意文中反复出现的词，即高频词。

2、段落——弄清段落的类型

段落中心思想的分布类型主要有一下四种，开门见山，段中点睛，段末点睛，没有明显主题

句。下面就具体的例子为例对这四种类型加以阐述。

例］I、Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcan

causecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease(illness),cancer,cigarettesmokingalsocan

causeotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea“smoker'scough".Finally,studieshave

shownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterrible

killer,cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?

What'sthemainideaofthisparagraph?

文章第一句即Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarette

smokingcancausecancer.

小结：此为第一类型——开门见山

即提出主题，随之用细节来解释，支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想。是英语中最常见的

演绎法写作方式。

例13、Oftennoonelooksmoreguiltythantheinnocent.Ontheotherhand,nobodymaylookmore

innocentthanaprofessionalcriminal.Andthemanwhoknows“everything“mayreallyonlybetrying

tohidehisownweakness.So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance.

What'sthemainideaofthisparagraph?(thelastsentence)

例4、Readingisthekeytoschoolsuccessand,likeanyskillittakespractice.Achildlearnstowalkby

practicinguntilhenolongerhastothinkabouthowtoputonefootinfrontoftheother.Agreatathlete

practicesuntilhecanplayquickly,accurately,withoutthinking.Tennisplayerscallthatubeing“inthe

zone."Educatorscallit<tautomaticity,\

Q:Theparagraphmainlytellsus.

A.whatautomaticityis

B.howaccuracyisacquired

C.howachildlearnstowalk

D.howanathleteistrained.

解析：该题答案为A。

小结：此为第二类型——段末点睛

先表述细节，后归纳要点结论，概括主题。这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式。

例4、Ifyouwereplanningtobuyatelevisionset,thefollowingadvertisementwouldcertainlydraw

yourattention:"ColorTV.Only$79.Twodayssale.Hurry.”

However,whenyougotothestorereadytobuy.Youmaydiscoverthattheyaresoldout.Butthe

shopassistantisquicktotellyouthathehasanothermodel.Amuchbettersetwhichis“justrightfor

you“Itcosts$395.Thissalestrickiscalled“baitandswitchv.Buyersarebaitedwithasales

advertisement,andthentheyareswitchedtoanothermoreexpensiveone.Buyingthingsonsaleneeds

carefulconsiderationofthegoodsandthereasonforthesale.

Q：Theparagraphcouldbeentitled.

A.BuyerBewareB.Closeout(出清存货)SaleC.CrimePaysD.BuyingaTVSet

例5、Youdreameachnight,eventhoughyoumaynotrememberyourdreams.Whileyoudreamyour

eyesmoveandyourheartbeatsfaster.Evenyourbrain-wavepatternchanges.Somescientiststhinkthat

dreamingisimportantforthesakeofhealth.Theyclaimthatwithoutdream,peoplewouldgocrazy.

Q:Whatdoesthepassagemainlytells?

A.HowpeoplestayhealthyB.Whysleepisnecessary

C.WhydreamsareimportantD.Whenpeopleremembertheirdreams

解析：例4答案为A.例5答案为C。例5中A项扩大概念，B项犯了偷梁换柱的错误，D项犯了

断章取义的错误。

小结：此为第三类——段中点睛

先表述细节，后归纳要点，然后再进一步阐述主题。但后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或发

展的意味，而不是简单的重复。

彳列6、TomstudiedfouryearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavebeforehisgraduation.

HetransferredtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchooland,later,

BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground.Heispresentlyacorporationlawyer

inMiami,Florida.

Q：Themainideaofthisparagraphisthat.

A.Tom,whohadstudiedatParisUniversitiesforfouryears,movedtoanotheruniversity.

B.TombecamealawyersincehisgraduationfromHarvardLawSchoolandlaterfromBostonCollege.

C.TomwasanexcellentstudentwhenhestudiedatBerlinuniversity.

D.Tomreceivedanexcellenteducation.

解析：该题答案为D,其中选项ABC都是属于细节，只有D才能概括这段的主旨。

小结：此为第四类——无主题句

即主题句隐含在全文中，没有明确的主题句.必须根据文篇中所提供的事实细节，进行全面

考虑，综合分析，然后找出共同的东西，归纳成一般概念。必须注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也

不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。

3、篇章

篇文章就像一棵枝繁叶茂的大树，文章主旨是主干，段落的主旨是树枝，细节是绿叶。所

以我们在找文章的主旨时最重要的是应做到：了解文体特征，调整阅读策略，提高阅读效率。

语篇结构知识规律表明，英文中不同的文体都有不同的写作方法和表达方式，辨别体裁，往

往使阅读更带有针对性，明确各种体裁的不同特点，阅读时才会心中有数，做到各个击破。

历年高考的阅读文章不外乎记叙文、应用文、科研文章、新闻报道、议论文和说明文几种。

记叙文应采用“七W”导读法（when/who/whose/which/where/what/why）,找出对应要点，确定议

论段落，文章要义八九不离十；应用文，如广告等，应采用测试题导读法，依考查之问题逐一从

文中寻到答案，可得事半功倍之效；议论文、说明文则用主题句导读，文章结构主旨了然于胸,

并且始终关注首尾段落和每段第•句；科研文章、新闻报道则通常以首段标其目。

例7、SomeofBritain'smostfavouredspringvisitorsaredisappearingintheirthousands.Scientistssay

birdssuchasthecuckoo（布谷鸟），whosesongannouncesthearrivalofwarmweatherinBritain,are

droppinginnumbers.

Atypicalmigrantbird（候鸟）fromAfrica,cuckoomaynolongermakeitsannualappearancein

thewoodlandsinBritain,saysascientist.NumbersofmigrantbirdsfromAfricahavedeclinedseriously

intheUKsince1995.Forcuckoosthefigureis44%.Thecallofthecuckoocouldbesilencedinthe

nearfuture.

Therealproblemisthattherearesomanydifferentpossiblecausesfortheloss—whichmakesit

difficulttofindouttherealreasonsfortheirdeclineandtoprepareplanstoputthingsright.

ThelosscouldbetheresultofchangesinfarmlanduseinBritainwhichareaffectingthewaycuckoos

breed（繁殖）whentheyarrivehereinspring.Ontopofchangesoflanduse,scientistssuspectthat

manycuckoosarefindingitincreasinglydifficulttofeedthemselveswhentheycometobreedinBritain.

Thelargeinsectstheyeathavedroppedrapidlyinnumberhere.

Climatechangemightbeanotherimportantreason.Migrantcuckoosarriveandbreedattimeswhichare

nolongerthebestperiodswhenfood,suchasinsects,isavailable.Climatechangesalsoaffecttimings

ofbreedingcycles.

OrthelosscouldbeduetotheincreaseofhumanpopulationsinAfricaandthedestructionof

naturallivingenvironmentwheretheymaketheirhomesinwinter.

Apartfromthese,thekillingtakesplaceinspringandautumnwhencuckoos,flyingfromandtoAfrica,

crossislandsintheMediterraneanSea.Theyareshotintheirhundredsofthousandsbyhunterswhojust

enjoykillingthemforthe“sport”.ItisagainsttheEuropeanUnionlaw,butthatdoesn'tstopit

happening.

Sheehan,ascientist,said,cuckoos“arriveinourcountrysidejustasthefirstgoodweatherarrives.

Weassociatethemwithspringandwarmth.ThatiswhytheyappearsoofteninoldEnglishstories.

Theyarepartofourculture—whichmakesthedeclineintheirnumbersoworrying.”（2012年普通高

等学校招生全国统一考试答题适应性训练A篇）

Q：Whichcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.Cuckoos,WhoTakeAwayYourFood?

B.ClimateChange:ADangertoCuckoos

C.SpringMayLoseSongofCuckoos

D.ASongforEngland'sCuckoos

此文章属于科普文章，根据做这类型的文章的做题方法，通常文章的首句相当重要。通过阅读该

篇文章，我们知道文章的第一段点出了文章的中心，后面关于出现布谷鸟面临灭绝这一现象出现

的原因，所以文章最适合的标题应该是C。

例2^Boston——ThievesdressedaspoliceenteredamuseumearlySundayandstole11paintings,

includingmajorworksbyRembrandt,Dagas,ManetandVermerr,FBI（美国联邦调查局）andthe

museumofficialssaid.Thefirstjudgmentplacedvalueofatleast$100millionontheworksstolenfrom

theIsabellaGardenerMuseum,saidBostonpolicespokes-manJimTordanWilliamBobinson,of

HardvardUnivercity'sFoggelMuseum,calledtheobjectsstolen“majorworks.^^

Q:Whatisthebestheadlineforthisnewspaperarticle?

A.ATheftTookPlaceinBoston

B.ArtworksstolenbyThieves

C.MajorWorks

D.Investigationintothetheft

解析：该题答案为B。因为该段材料为一则新闻，根据这一文章类型的特点，应特别注意文章的

首段。其中A项扩大概念，C项断章取义，D项无中生有，似是而非。

四、选项分析——正确选项和错误选项的特点

正确选项的特点

含有抽象名词和概括性词语。四个选项中，含有approach,concept,chance,opportunity,

various,both,general,many,difficult,way,necessity,necessary,importance等.词的选项——般是正确

选项。

四个选项中，内容相近或完全相反的两个选项中往往有一个是正确选项。

那些概括全文，内容全面，含义深刻，说明道理的选项一般是答案项，而选项内容片面，单一

的内容一般是错误选项。

错误选项的特点

以偏概全。只是局部信息，或是一句没有展开论述的话。

过于笼统。即归纳的主题太泛，与细节脱节或是没有对细节加以充分论述。

把观点强加与作者。读者往往根据自己的常识对文章进行判断而忽视了作者的见解。

无关信息。既在文章中没有提到或找不到语言依据的信息。

五、方法总结

首先，任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有

一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。

第二，要搞清是问某一段还是全文的大意。可利用段落信息来把握文脉，进行综合归纳，

概括文章的主题。如有标题，标题中的蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。

第三，要学会借助文章的结构来把握中心思想。段落中心思想常常由主题句(Topicsentence)

来表达。主题句常常出现在段首(60%-90%)或段尾处，有时也在段落中间。同样，-一篇文章的中

心思想也常常在开始段或结尾段点出。因此，在阅读中，我们要对文章的开始段和结尾段及段落

的主题句给予特别的注意。

Exercise

I、Findoutthemainideaofeachparagraph.

1.Undergroundsystemsarealreadyinplace.Manycitieshaveundergroundcarparks.Insomecities,

suchasTokyo,SeoulandMontreal,therearelargeundergroundshoppingareas,The“Chunnel”,a

tunnel(隧道)connectingEnglandandFrance；isnowcompleted.

第一句为主题句.本段中的其他句子都是用来说明“地下设施”是以何种形式在地球上“已经存

在”的具体实例。

2.Thepandaisapopularanimal.StoriesaboutthepandaintheWashingtonZooarealwaysfrontpage

newsandimportantfeaturesontelevisionnewscasts.Stuffedpandasareamongthemostpopulartoys

forchildren,andpandapostcardsarealwaysindemandinzoogiftshops.

3.Joeishappyaboutbeingonabowlingteamthatbowlsonceaweek.Healsoenjoysplaying

basketballtwiceamonth.Duringthesummer,hetriestoplaybaseballonweekends.Joereallydoes

enjoyallsportsactivities.Hegoesswimmingasoftenashecan.Wheneverhecan'tparticipatedirectly,

helovestowatchafootballgameoragolfortennismatch.

本段的主题句为第四句Joereallydoesenjoyallsportsactivities.前三句引述了他喜欢的几种体育

活动，主题句后面的两句对中心思想做了进•步的解释和支撑。段落结构包括三个层次：引出主

题一呈现主题一解释主题。

4.OnthenightofthepartyMerlinrolledintotheroomplayinghisviolin.Everyonewasastonishedto

seehim.Therewasjustoneproblem.Merlinhadnowaytostophisroller-skates.Herolledonandon.

Suddenly,heranintoahugemirrorthatwashangingonthewall.Downfellthemirror,breakingto

pieces.NobodyforgotMerlin'sgrandentranceforalongtime!

此段落也无明确的主题句。本段说Merlin按计划拉着小提琴，穿着自制的旱冰鞋，滑进化装舞会，

令在场的人大吃一惊，由于停不住竟然将墙上的巨大镜子撞碎，则更使人久久不能忘怀。根据上

文及本段的描述，可概括出本段的主题思想是“Merlin的闪亮登场取得意料之外的成功”。

ILReadtheshortpassageandchoosethebestanswer;

A

Wouldn'titbeterribleifwedidn'thavegrass?Wewouldhavetowalkonbaresoil.Canyouguess

whatourplaygroundswouldlooklike?Onarainyday,wewouldgetallmuddy.Onadrydaywe

wouldbreathecloudsofdust.

Theshorttextmainlydealswith.

A.whyweneedrainB.howgrassiskeptgreenC.howgrasshelpsusD.whywebreathedust

ThewordWaterloohasbecomeasynonymfordefeat-totaldefeatandcompletedisaster.Waterloo,a

towninBelgium,wasthesceneofabattlein1851thatbroughtoverwhelmingdefeattoNapoleon

Bonaparte'sFrenchArmy.AtstakewerethewholecontinentofEuropeandNapoleon'sdreamofan

empire.Inafewdays,overfortythousandFrenchsoldiersdied.Withtheirdeathsanewwordfor

disasterwasborn・-Waterloo.

Thesubjectofthetextis.

A.whereWaterlooisB.whonamedWaterloo

C.whyNapoleonwasdefeatedD.howWaterloocametomeandefeat

C

Ratsarestillalmostasbigadangertopeopleastheywerelongago.Theystillspreaddiseaseandeat

crops.Muchofthehungerwehavetodayiscausedbyrats.Theyeathalfofthegrainharvestedinthe

world.

Thisparagraphmainlytellsus.

A.thatweareshortofgrainbecauseofratsB.whyratsarestillanenemyofpeople

C.howratsdestroyourfoodD.whyratscausedisease

D

“Evenwhenamanissaidtobeabestfriend,“Rubinwrites,“thetwosharelittleabouttheir

innermostfeelings.Whereasawoman'sclosestfemalefriendmightbethefirsttotellhertoleavea

failingmarriage.Itwasn'tunusualtohearamansayhedidn'tknowhisfriend'smamagewasinserious

troubleuntilheappearedonenightaskingifhecouldsleeponthesofa”

Whichofthefollowingstatementsisbestsupportedbythelastparagraph?

A.Menkeeptheirinnermostfeelingstothemselves.

B.Womenaremoreseriousthanmenaboutmarriage.

C.Menoftentakesuddenactiontoendtheirmarriage.

D.Womendependonothersinmakingdecisions.

E

Wethinkofafloodoranearthquakeasanaturaldisaster.Tomanyofnature'sanimals,however,the

greatestdisasteristhecomingoflargenumbersofhumans.WhensettlerscamefromtheEastto

America'sgreatwesternplains,theykilledmillionsofbison,poisonedtheprairiedogs,andshotthe

coyotes.Allthisupsetthearea'sbalanceofnature.Fortheanimals,itwasworsethanafloodor

earthquake.

Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.FloodsandEarthquakeB.Humans-DisastertoNature

C.AmericanSettlersD.NatureBalanceItself

ReadingComprehension

guessingthemeaningofwords

考纲解读

2012年考查的词汇由去年的3193个扩充为3519个，增加了320个。在高考试卷阅读中允许

出现不超过3%的生词。英语单词的含义并非完全等同于词典中所标注的汉语意思，其含义随不

同的语境会有所不同。此外，阅读文章时，常常会遇到一些未见过的词，但许多这类生词的词义

可以通过上下文推测出来。这种不使用字典而通过阅读上下文来推断生词含义的能力，是一个合

格的读者所必须具备的能力，因此也是阅读测试中经常检测的•种能力。

二、猜测词义题目类型

①Theword<<address^^inthesecondlineprobablymeans"对考纲内熟词新义的猜测

②Theunderlinedword"it”inthesecondparagraphrefersto“对代词的猜测

③By"wewereallbesideourselves”,thewritermeansthattheyall.对句义的猜测

@Theunderlinedword^spin-off,inParagraph4probablyrefersto.对考纲外生词的猜测

三、常见的猜测词义题设问方式

①Theunderlinedwordisclosestinmeaningtotheword...

②Wecanlearnfromtheunderlinedpart...that...

③Theunderlinedword“it"inparagraph...refersto...

④Bysaying...,theauthormeanstosaythat...

⑤Theunderlinedsentencein...paragraphimplies/refersto/means...

四、猜词技巧

策略一：上下文语境线索法(context)

(1)根据文中的定义猜生词。

经典回放：Archaeologyisthestudyoftheburiedremainsofancienttimes,suchashouses,pots,

toolsandweapons.

(2)利用事例猜生词。

经典回放：Onthefarmtheymainlyraisepoultry,suchaschickens,ducksandgeese,fortheireggs

andmeat.______

(3)利用上下文给出的同义词或反义词进行判断

经典回放：Totalprofitfell3.6percentto$566.5millionduringthefirstquarterthisyear,mainly

on7.5percentdropinprintadrevenue.

Theunderlinedword“revenue“probablymeans"

A.incomeB.budgetC.taxD.expense

(4)根据同位关系进行判断

①某些生词的词义往往会在下文中得到解释或说明。这些解释有时以定语从句、同位语的形式

出现有时还用thatis,or,thatistosay,inotherwords等词语引出。

经典怛I放：Thosenewcomerswerenotusedtothelifeinthesuburbswhichwassodifferentfrom

thatinsidethecity.

Theunderlinedwordmeans"

A.townB.capitalC.countrysideD.house

②利用标点符号：有时用破折号、括号、冒号、引号等符号引出或圈定的内容表示出来

经典回放：Onemorningafewyearsago,HarvardPresidentNeilRudenstineoverslept.Forthis

busyman,itwasasortofalarm:afteryearsofnon-stophardwork,hemightwear

himselfoutanddieanearlydeath.(A篇,2009)

The“alarm"refersto“

A.asignalofstressB.awarningofdangerC.asignofageD.aspreadofdisease

小试身手：

1.Barometersareusedtomeasurethepressureoftheairinordertohelpjudgeprobablechangesin

theweatherortohelpcalculatetheheightabovesealevel.

2.Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.

3.Theoldwomanhasastrangehabittokeepover100catsinherhouse.Herneighborallcallheran

eccentriclady.___________

4.Childrenarealwaysboasting.Theysaythingslike“MyDad'scarisbiggerthanyourDad's,"

“MyMomissmarterthanyours."and“Myfamilyhasmoremoneythanyours.”

Theword“boasting”means.

A.骄傲B,吹牛C.顽皮D.幼稚

5.Helosthisarmsinanaccidentthatclaimedhisfather'slife—whowasthemainsourceofsupport

forthefamily.Sincethen,hehashadtodependonthearmsofhisyoungerbrother..

Theunderlinedword“claimed“inthefirstparagraphcanbereplacedby

A.tookawayB.contributedtoC.gaveupD.owedto

策略二：根据逻辑关系进行判断(logicalconnection)

(1)根据因果关系：常见的表示因果关系的信号词有:since,because,for,so,thus,consequently,

therefore,dueto,resultin,asaresult,forthisreason,accordingly•••

经典回放：Marydidn't