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中文译文:GSM网络容量规划随着GSM移动业务的迅猛发展,在保证通信质量的前提下最大限度地提高GSM网络容量始终是网络运营商们孜孜以求的目标。GSM扩容的传统方法是小区分裂与频段扩展,但目前得到新的频谱资源的可能性已经不大,在话务密集地区因受到干扰的限制,小区分裂亦举步维艰,因而采用更加紧密的频率复用技术、建立微蜂窝/微微蜂窝、建设SM900/1800双频网络以及进行网络优化等已经成为解决GSM网络容量的重要手段。1小区分裂技术小区分裂技术是增加网络容量的理所当然的首选方案。GSM建网初期,主要是解决覆盖问题。在频谱资源宽裕的地区/时期,随着用户的增加,可将原来的小区分裂成更多的覆盖面积较小的小区或者增加原有小区的载频数,从而达到扩容的目的。通过小区分裂或新增载频,全网基站数增加,全网载频数、信道数、话务量、用户数等均大幅度增加。小区分裂提高频谱利用率的关键在于减小了单位小区的面积。选择小区分裂扩容法应遵循以下原则:确保已建基站可继续使用;应保持频率复用方式的规则性与重复性;尽量减少或避免过渡区;确保今后可继续进行小区分裂。全向小区分裂为全向小区的方法主要有1:3分裂法;全向小区分裂为全向及走向小区的方法有:1:7分裂法;全向小区分裂为定向小区的方法有:1×3×4分裂法及1×6×3分裂法;定向小区分裂为定向小区的方法有:六角形边中心分裂法及六角形顶点分裂法。2频段扩展和频率紧密复用技术频段扩展当然是扩容的理想手段,但在现有情况下,得到新的频谱的可能性不大。目前联通在900MHz频段有6MHz的资源,除个别热点地区外,暂时还能基本满足需要。电信GSM五期扩容后GSM网频段范围为:898.6-908.8MHz,共10.2MHz。本次期扩容原则上计划将A网频段延伸至885.0125MHz,GSM网频段向下扩展至14.4MHz,使用23-94号频点。目前,电信G网基站在许多地区已十分密集,部分基站间的距离只有四五百米,合适站址的选取已越来越困难。站间距离太近,导致了同频及邻频干扰的增大。此外,天线增益越高,其在垂直面内的波束宽度也就越窄,若站距太近,则移动台处于天线主波束外的概率大大增加。另外,A网移频的余地也不是很大,因此,频谱扩展的空间十分有限。不过,由于GSM采用了诸如GMSK、均衡调制、交织编码等手段,特别是还提供了其它一些旨在提高频谱效率的技术,如跳频、非连续发射、功率控制、半速率信道、分集接收以及移动辅助切换等,从而降低了网络对同频与邻源干扰指标的要求,使得频率的紧密复用成为可能。跳频,跳频就是载频按某种频率序列进行跳变,它包括基带跳频与射频跳频两种。跳频的作用是提供了频率分集,提高了系统的抗干扰、抗衰落能力。非连续发射,采用DTX技术,可降低系统总的干扰水平。功率控制,这也是降低干扰从而提高容量的有效手段。半速率信道,这可使系统容量增加一倍。分集,分集有多种形式,利用分集技术,可以改善系统抗衰落的能力。3采用更紧密的频率复用技术在频段受到限制的情况下,采用更紧密的频率复用方式无疑是提高系统容量最直接的方法之一。GSM中可以使用的频率复用方法主要有肝:7小区复用方式、4×3复用方式、3×3复用方式,4×3与3×3的混合复用方式、2×6复用方式、1×3复用方式以及同心圆技术与多重复用MRP方式等等。7个基站区的复用方式:这种7个基站区为一个复用组的复用方式适用于话务量较低或用户密度较小的地区,一般为全向基站,其D/R=4.58,同频复用距离较远。4×3复用方式:这是“900MHzTDMA数字公用陆地蜂窝移动通信网络技术体制”建议采用的复用方式,也是GSM系统中最常用和最典型的复用方式。对于三叶草60度天线,其D/R=6;对于120度天线,其D/R=3.46采用三叶草60度无线时同频干扰性能更好。3×3复用方式:这也是“900MHzTDMA数字公用陆地蜂窝移动通信网络技术体制”建议采用的复用方式。3×3复用方式与跳频、DTX、功率控制一起使用,可到同频干扰要求。但带宽在6MHz以下时,不能提供足够的跳频增益,因此性能不佳。2×6复用方式:这是Motrola提出的用以解决高话务地区频率复用的方法。该方法在不同天线方向上有着不同的频率复用程度,其D/R小于3×3复用方式。1×3复用方式:这一方式是目前最紧密的复用方式,其主要特点为:适用于频带较窄,容量比较集中,不需很多基站的地区;可在较小的基站数下提供较大容量;需要采用部分加载方法,即载频不能用满,收发信机数目为载频的一半左右;需要采用射频跳频、功率控制、不连续发射、天线分集等技术,以降低干扰;不需改变现有网络结构。不过,虽然这一方式频率利用率很高,但系统干扰增加很大,如采用的抗干扰措施不够有效,可能对网络质量产生较大影响,因此应谨慎使用。同心圆技术:同心圆技术就是将通常的小区分为外层和内层,外层的覆盖范围为传统的蜂窝小区,而内层的覆盖范围则主要集中在基站附近。另外,内外层的频率复用系数一般也不同,外层一般用4×3复用方式,而内层则采用更紧密的复用方式,如3×3、2×3或1×3等方式。根据同心圆的实现方式不同,可分为普通同心圆与智能双层网两种,两者的主要区别在于内层的发射功率与内外层的切换算法。普通同心圆内层的发射功率一般要低于外层,从而降低了同频干扰,其内外层的切换一般是基于功率与距离的。而IUO内外层的发射功率是完全相同的,并基于C/I进行切换。普通同心圆对容量的提高约为10%-30%左右,提高量不大,IUO方式对容量提高相对较大,一般为20%-40%,并能在提高容量的基础上保证通话质量。MRP方式:MRP方式就是将所有可用载频分为几组,每一组载频作为独立的一层,不同层的频率采用不同的复用方式,频率复用逐层紧密。为保证BCCH的安全,MRP中用于BCCH的载频数应不少于12个。按TCH分组方法的不同,MRP又可分为严格的MRP与改进的MRP。MRP复用方式有以下几个特点:可较大程度提高容量,在7.2MHz带宽情况下,比4×3复用率提高47%;信道分配灵活;可释放出一些频率用于微蜂窝;采用基带跳频,较易实现。在使用MRP时,应注意以下问题:必须采用跳频、功率控制、DTX等抗干扰手段,这也是MRP技术应用的前提;采用MRP技术时,应注意频率分配的顺序。一般应先分配BCCH,然后分配TCH5,接着分配TCH4,直至TCH1;不同区域基站的频率应分别规划;根据具体的干扰情况,调整邻区设置。从深圳及山东等地的使用情况看,MRP技术可根据容量需求及话务分布情况灵活进行频率规划,可逐步提高网络容量,比仅使用3×3复用网络容量高,与1×3复用相比对网络质量影响较小,采用的技术如跳频、功率控制、不连续发射是GSM系统应具备的技术,在硬件设备及软件上无其它特殊要求,是目前应用得比较成功的频率复用方式。4微蜂窝与微微蜂窝技术采用微蜂窝及微微蜂窝技术也是提高网络容量的有效方法之一。在以下两类地区可考虑使用微蜂窝:一是“热点”地区。最主要的“热点”地区是如大型宾馆、饭店、写字楼、大型商场、娱乐场所及车站、码头、机场等等。二是为解决全网容量问题,在现有宏蜂窝下再建一个连续覆盖的微蜂窝。宏蜂窝用于覆盖低话务密度地区,以解决高速移动用户的覆盖;微蜂窝用于覆盖高话务地区,以解决低速运动用户的覆盖。微蜂窝具有以下优点:设备体积小,安装简单灵活,可快速解决热点地区的容量与覆盖问题;无需改变网络结构,无需特殊手机;采用后容量可明显提高。微蜂窝也具有以下一些缺点:为解决大城市的连续覆盖,需要大量的微蜂窝,投资十分庞大;采用分层结构时,网络结构复杂,增加了频率规划的难度。目前,浙江电信已大量采用了微蜂窝。对于浙江联通,建议按如下思路发展微蜂窝:在宏蜂窝覆盖不到而话务量又很大的地点,应使用微蜂窝作为覆盖补充,而话务量很高的商业街道等地则可采用多层网形式进行连续覆盖。为解决整个大型建筑物的覆盖,可考虑采用室内覆盖系统。5采用GSM900/1800双频系统在话务量特别大或频率资源特别紧张的地区,可考虑适时推出GSM900/1800双频网络。双频系统具有以下优点:除射频部分外,GSM1800系统具有与GSM900系统基本相同的软硬件结构;两网络拓扑结构相同,可共用MSC、HLR、BSC及OMC;两网络可共站址,可充分利用机房、传输、电源、空调及其它配套设施,大大节省建设投资与日常维护费用;虽然900MHz与1800MHz电波的传播特性不尽相同,但GSM1800与GSM900的无线频率规划方法及工具却基本相同;GSM1800无线覆盖范围小,小区半径小,覆盖相同的区域需要较多基站,因此提高了单位面积的网络容量;由于两者原理与系统结构相同,可以节约网络运行维护及人员培训费用。在建设双频网络的过程中,应注意以下几个问题:双频系统的建设应视具体情况区别对待,应坚持解决话务密集地区为重点的方针,并要充分利用现有的GSM900系统的设备,将两者有机结合。对于话务量较小的地区,双频网络可共用MSC、BSC等设备,甚至可共基站,这样可灵活配置网络,为未来的扩容留出余地。对于话务量相对较大的地区,应考虑将两者的交换机分开设置。这可以减轻原有的GSM900交换机的压力,并降低实施GSM1800系统工程时对GSM900系统的影响。应尽可能共基站,以节省建设投资与维护费用。应减少双频切换,尽量让GSM900系统保证覆盖,而GSM1800系统充分吸收话务。这可通过调整两系统间的切换算法及切换电平门限等方法而实现。在建网时应尽量选用高增益的天线、低损耗的馈线。因在GSMPhase2中增补了许多性能,信令种类相对增多,因此,在A接口的信令链路配置上应有一定的冗余度。6定期进行网络优化随着网络规模与复杂度的不断增加,定期进行网络优化已日显紧迫,网络优化已成为间接提高网络容量的一种十分有效的手段。网络优化是在系统正常运行下对系统的一个全范围的调整,通过对网络资源的经常性调整,可使网络实时地适应移动通信网动态变化的要求。网络优化的基本步骤包括:网络数据的收集。主要包括:通过场强测试而掌握无线覆盖情况;通过呼叫质量的测试,从用户的角度去了解网络情况;通过OMC的话务报告,掌握话务分布情况;通过收集频率规划数据,了解小区频率规划的合理性;通过采集交换机数据,了解交换机运行情况等等。对收集到的数据进行分析,并依据分析结果进行以下几方面的网络调整:提高交换机的处理效率、增加容量;信道数调整、基站位置变更、尽量利用高大建筑物作隔离;天线位置的变更、DownTilt角度的适当调整;切换参数、频率等的调整。7建议综合考虑无线覆盖要求及工程建设的经济合理性与时间紧迫性,我们认为提高GSM网络容量的一般方法是:首先,采用宏蜂窝,并用小区分裂技术,建设更多的小的宏蜂窝;其次,采用较紧密的频率复用方式,以提高频率利用率;第三,在“热点”地区及重要场所建立微蜂窝与微微蜂窝;第四,采用双频系统。在上述四种方法中,还应同步进行网络的优化。

原文:ImprovetheGSMnetworkcapacityplanningWiththerapiddevelopmentofGSMmobilebusiness,andensuringthequalityofcommunicationsunderthepremiseofmaximizeGSMnetworkcapacityisalwaysnetworkoperatorssought-aftergoal.ThetraditionalmethodsofGSMexpansionisthebandsplitandexpansion,butnowgetnewspectrumresourcesthepossibilityisnotbig,inthecallcentersforinterferencewiththelimit,districtdivisionalsocrippled,soitismorecloselyfrequencyreusetechnology,establishingmicrocells/slightlyhoneycomb,constructionSM900/1800double-frequencynetworkandnetworkoptimizationsolutionGSMnetworkcapacityhasbecometheimportantmeans.1Districtsplittechnology Districtsplittechnologyistoincreasethecapacityofthenetworkcoursepreferredplan.GSMearlyarrangement,themainproblemistosolvethecover.Inthespectrumresourcesbounteousarea/period,alongwiththeincreaseoftheuser,butwilltheoriginaldistrictsplitintomorecoverageareaislesserareaorincreasethenumberoforiginaltransmits,soastoachievethepurposeofexpansion.Throughthevillagesplitortransmitsnew,overthebasestationnumber,number,numberofchannel,whichtransmits,traffic,subscribersareincreasedsubstantially.Improvetheutilizationratioofthecommunitydividedspectrumkeyliesintheareaofreducingtheunitarea.Choosedistrictsplitexpansionmethodshallcomplywiththefollowingprinciples:ensurethathasbuiltthebasestationcancontinuetouse;shouldholdthefrequencymultiplexingmethodofregularityandrepeatability;trytoavoidorreducethetransitionzone;toensurethatfuturemaycontinuedistrictdivision.Thesplitinthevillagetovillagetothemainmethods1:3anti-secessionlaw;Thesplitinthevillagetovillagetothemethodandtohave:"anti-secessionlaw;Thevillagefordirectionaldistricttosplitthemethodsare:1x3x4anti-secessionlawand1x6×3anti-secessionlaw;Directionaldistrictsplitthemethodfordirectionalhave:hexagonalsidecenteranti-secessionlawandhexagonalvertexanti-secessionlaw.2TheexpansionandthefrequencybandclosemultiplexingtechniqueFrequencyband,ofcourse,istheidealofcapacityexpansionmethod,butinthecurrentcase,getnewspectrumisunlikely.Atpresentinthe900MHzbandunicom6MHzresources,inadditiontotheindividualthehotspot,cansatisfytheneedforbasic.TelecomGSMfiveperiodexpansionafterGSMnetsfrequencyrangefor:898.6-908.8MHz,total10.2MHz.TheexpansionplaninprincipleofAnetworkextendstothebandwillbe885.0125MHz,GSMnetsfrequencybanddownto14.4MHzexpansion,theuseof23-94numberfrequency.Atpresent,thetelecomGnetsbasestationinmanyareasalreadyverycrowded,partofthedistancebetweenthebasestationonly-meters,theappropriateselectionofhailhasmoreandmoredifficult.Thedistancebetweenthestandingtooclose,leadingtothesamefrequencyandadjacenttheincreaseoffrequencyinterference.Inaddition,thehighertheantennagain,therestrictedinthebeamwidthofthenarrow,ifstandtooclosetothedistance,themobileinantennabeamoftheLordtheprobabilityincreasegreatly.Inaddition,Anetsfrequencyshiftroomalsoisnotverybig,therefore,thespectrumofthespaceexpandisverylimited.However,duetotheGSMsuchasGMSK,balancedmodulation,mixedcodingmethod,especiallyalsoprovidessomeotheraimstoimprovespectrumefficiencytechnology,suchasfrequencyhopping,thecontinuousfiring,powercontrol,halfratechannel,diversityandmobileauxiliaryswitch,receive,soastoreducethenetworkofthesamefrequencyandadjacentinterferencesourceindexrequest,thefrequencyoftheclosereusepossible.hopping.Frequencyhoppingisaccordingtosomefrequencytransmitsjumpingintheseries,itincludesbasebandfrequencyhoppingandrffrequencyhoppingtwokinds.Frequencyhoppingroleistoprovidethefrequencydiversity,andimprovethesystemofanti-disturbanceability,resistancetodecline.Thecontinuousfiring.UsingDTXtechnology,mayreducethesystemoveralllevelofinterference.Powercontrol.Thisisalsoreduceinterferencesoastoimprovethecapacityoftheeffectivemeans.Halfratechannel.Thiscanmakethesystemcapacitydoubled.Diversity.Diversityhavevariousforms,usediversitytechnology,canimprovetheabilityofthesystemofdecline.3Thecloserfrequencymultiplexingtechnique Inthespectrumoflimitedcircumstances,adoptmorecloselyfrequencymultiplexingmethodisundoubtedlyimprovesystemcapacityofoneofthemostdirectway.CanyouuseGSMfrequencymultiplexingmethodmainlyhaveliver:7villagemultiplexingmethod,4x3multiplexingmethod,3by3multiplexingmethod,4x3and3by3mixedmultiplexingmethod,2x6multiplexingmethod,1x3multiplexingmethodandConcentriccirclestechnologyandMultiplereuseMRPstyleandetc.sevenofthebasestationmultiplexingmethod:Thesevenbasestationareaforareusethereuseofthegroupusedinlowtrafficwayoruserdensitysmallerareas,forthegeneraltobasestation,theD/R=4.58,withfrequencymultiplexingdistanceisfarther.4x3multiplexingmethod:Thisis"900MHzTDMAdigitalpubliclandcellularmobilecommunicationnetworktechnologysystem"recommendedthereuseoftheway,andisalsothemostcommonandGSMsystemthemosttypicalmultiplexingmethod.Forclover60degreesantenna,theD/R=6;For120degreesantenna,theD/R=3.46theclover60degreeswhenwirelesswithfrequencyinterferencebetterperformance.3by3multiplexingmethod:Thisis"900MHzTDMAdigitalpubliclandcellularmobilecommunicationnetworktechnologysystem"recommendedthereuseoftheway.3by3multiplexingmethodandfrequencyhopping,DTX,powercontrolareusedtogether,withfrequencyinterferencerequirements.Butinthefollowing6MHzbandwidth,can'tprovideenoughfrequencyhoppinggain,sopoorperformance.2x6multiplexingmethod:ThisisMotrolaproposedtosolvehightrafficareasoffrequencyreusemethod.Themethodinthedirectionofthedifferentantennahasadifferentfrequencyreusedegree,theD/Rlessthan3by3multiplexingmethod.1x3multiplexingmethod:Thiswayisthemostcloselymultiplexingmethod,itsmainfeatures:Applicabletoanarrowfrequencyband,capacitymoreconcentrated,donotneedmanyofthebaseareas;ButinsmallerNumbersprovidelargerbasestationcapacity;Theneedtopartoftheloadingmethods,namelytransmitscan'tusefull,sendandreceivelettermachineforabouthalfthenumbersoftware-processable;Needtoadoptrffrequencyhopping,powercontrol,discontinuouslaunch,antennadiversitytechnologyetc,inordertoreduceinterference;Donotneedtochangetheexistingnetworkstructure.But,althoughthiswayfrequencyutilizationrateisveryhigh,butthesystemdisturbanceincreaseisverybig,ifuseanti-interferencemeasuresnoteffective,mayhavegreatinfluenceonthequalityofnetwork,soshouldbeusedwithcaution.concentriccirclestechnology:Technologyistheusualconcentriccirclesareadividedintoouterandtheinner,theouterlayerofthecoverageforthetraditionalcellularvillage,andtheinnercoveragearemainlyconcentratedinthebasestationnearby.Inaddition,insideandoutsideofthecoefficientoffrequencyreusearealsodifferent,outergeneraluse4x3multiplexingmethod,andtheinnerusedtheclosermultiplexingmethod,suchas3by3,2x3or1x3ways.Accordingtotherealizationoftheconcentriccirclesindifferentways,canbedividedintoordinaryconcentriccirclesandintelligentdoublenets(IUO)twokinds,theessentialdifferencebetweenboththelaunchoftheinnerpowerandinternalandexternallayerofswitchingalgorithm.Thelaunchoftheinnerordinaryconcentriccirclesofpoweringeneraltobelowouter,soastoreducethesamefrequencyinterference,whichgenerallyisbasedontheouterlayeroftheswitchpoweranddistance.AndIUOinsideandoutsideofthelayerarequitethesametransmissionpower,andbasedonC/Iswitch.Toimprovethecapacityofordinaryconcentriccirclesabout10%-30%orso,improvequantityisnotbig,IUOwaytoimprovetherelativelylargecapacity,aregenerally20%-40%,andcanimprovethecapacityinbasedonthecallqualityguarantee.MRPway:MRPwaywillallavailableisdividedintoseveralgroupstransmits,eachgroupasaseparatelayertransmits,thefrequencyofthedifferentlayerswithdifferentmultiplexingmethod,frequencyreuseclosestepbystep.ToensurethesafetyoftheBCCH,usedintheBCCHtransmitstheMRPnumbershouldnotlessthan12.AccordingtothedifferentmethodofgroupingTCH,MRPandcanbedividedintostrictMRPandimprovedMRP.MRPmultiplexingmethodhasthefollowingfeatures:Largecapacitycanbeimproved,in7.2MHzbandwidthcases,than4x3reuseimprovetherateof47%;Channelallocationflexible;Canreleaseasomefrequenciesusedformicrocells;Usingbasebandfrequencyhopping,easiertoachieve.InusingMRP,shouldpayattentiontothefollowingquestions:Mustusefrequencyhopping,powercontrol,suchasDTXanti-jammingmethod,thisalsoisthepremiseofMRPtechnologyapplication;UsingMRPtechnology,attentionshallbepaidtotheorderoffrequencydistribution.GenerallyshouldfirstBCCHdistribution,andthenTCH5distribution,thenTCH4distribution,untilTCH1;Differentareaofthebasefrequencyrespectivelyplanning;AccordingtothespecificinterferenceofadjustmentadjacentregionsSettings.Fromshenzhenandshandong,astheuseoftheland,wecanseetheMRPtechnologycanaccordingtocapacitydemandandtrafficdistributionforflexiblefrequencyplanning,butgraduallyimprovenetworkcapacitythanusingonly3by3reusenetworkcapacity,high,and1x3reusecomparedtothenetworkqualitylessinfluence,thetechnologysuchasfrequencyhopping,powercontrol,discontinuouslaunchisGSMsystemshouldhavetechnology,inthehardwareequipmentandsoftwarewithoutotherspecialrequirements,isthepresentapplicationmoresuccessfulfrequencymultiplexingmethod.4MicrocellsandslightlycellulartechnologyAdoptingmicrocellularandslightlycellulartechnologyimprovenetworkcapacityisoneoftheeffectiveways.Inthefollowingtwotypesofareacanconsidertousemicrocells:Oneisthe"hotspots"area.Themain"hotspots"suchaslargeareaishotels,restaurants,officebuildings,shoppingmall,entertainmentandstations,docksandairports,andsoon.itistosolvetheentirenetworkcapacityproblemsinexistingundermacrotobuildhoneycombacontinuouscoverageofthemicrocells.Macrohoneycombusedtocoverlowtrafficdensityareas,inordertosolvethehigh-speedmobileuserscoverage;Microcellsusedtocoverhightrafficareas,inordertosolvethelowspeedmovementofusercovered.Microcellshasthefollowingadvantages:Theequipmentissmall,easyinstallationflexibility,canquicklysolvehotspotsofcapacityandcoveringproblems;Neednotchangethenetworkstructure,toneednotspecialmobilephones;Aftercanobviouslyincreasethecapacity.Microcellsalsohasthefollowingsomedisadvantages:Tosolvethebigcitiesforcover,needalotofmicrocells,isveryhugeinvestment;Thelayeredstructure,thenetworkstructureiscomplex,increasedfrequencyplanningofdifficulty.Atpresent,zhejiangtelecomhasconsiderableexperiencewithmicrocells.Forzhejiangunicom,Suggestionsaccordingtothefollowingtrainofthoughtdevelopmentmicrocells:inthemacrocellularcoverageandtrafficandlessthanaplace,shouldusethecellularcoverageasacomplement,andhighcommercialstreettrafficandbyusingmulti-levelnetsformcanbecontinuouscoverage.Tosolvethelargebuildingcover,canconsidertouseindoorcoveragesystem.5TheGSM900/1800double-frequencySystemInthetrafficspecialbigorfrequencyresources,especiallynervousarea,canconsiderreleasingGSM900/1800double-frequencynetwork.Thesystemhasthefollowingadvantagescycle:Inadditiontotheradiofrequencypart,GSM1800systemhasGSM900systemandbasicsamehardwareandsoftwarestructure;Twonetworktopologystructureissame,canbeSharedbyMSC,HLR,BSCandOMC;Twoofthenetworkcanhail,canmakefulluseofcomputerroom,transmissionandpowersupply,andairconditioningandotherfacilities,saveConstructioninvestmentandmaintenancecost;Althoughthe900MHzand1800MHzwavespropagationcharacteristicsofendlessandsame,butGSM1800andGSM900radiofrequencyplanningmethodsandtoolsbutbasicsame;GSM1800wirelesscoveragesmall,thesmallradius,coveringthesameareasthatneedtobemorestations,thusincreasingthenetworkcapacityperunitarea;Becausebothprincipleandsystemstructureissame,cansavethenetworkoperationmaintenanceandtrainingofpersonnelcosts.Intheprocessofnetworkconstructionexperiments,shouldpayattentiontothefollowingproblems:theconstructionofthesystemshouldbeexcitedtodifferentiatebetweenaccordingtospecificsituation,shouldsticktosolvetrafficpopulatedareasoffocusforpolicy,andtomakefulluseoftheexistingGSM900systemequipment,willbothorganicunion.Fortrafficsmallerareas,double-frequencynetworkcanbeSharedbyMSC,BSCequipment,andevenusbasestation,socanflexibleconfigurationnetwork,setasideforfutureexpansionisnegotiable.Forarelativelylargeareatraffic,shouldconsiderwillbothswitchessetapart.ItcanreducethepressureoftheoriginalGSM900switches,andreducetheimplementationGSM1800systemengineeringtotheinfluenceoftheGSM900whensystem.ofthebasestationshouldasfaraspossible,inordertosaveconstructioninvestmentandmaintenancecosts.shouldreducedouble-frequencyswitch,asfaraspossibleletGSM900systemguaranteecoverage,andGSM1800systemfullyabsorbedbytelephone.Thiscanbeadjustedbybetweentwosystemsswitchingalgorithmandswitchinglevelthreshold,andrealizingmethod.inthearrangementshouldasfaraspossiblewhenchoosehighgainantenna,lowlossfeeder.inGSMPhase2becauseofAsupplementtomanyperforman

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