英语六级 阅读 练习

六级阅读练习题精选

Directions:Thereare4passagesinthisPart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsor

Unfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).You

shoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwitha

singlelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Inthe1962movieLawrenceofArabia,onesceneshowsanAmericannewspaperreportereagerly

snappingphotosofmenlootingasabotagedtrain.Oneofthelooters,ChiefAudaabuTayiofthe

Howeitatclan,suddenlynoticesthecameraandsnatchesit.AmIinthis?heasks,before

smashingitopen.Tothedismayedreporter,Lawrenceexplains,Hethinksthesethingswillsteal

hisvirtue.Hethinksyou'reakindofthief.

Assoonascolonizersandexplorersbegantakingcamerasintodistantlands,storiesbegan

circulatingabouthowindigenouspeoplessawthemastoolsforblackmagic.Theignorantnatives

mayhavehadapoint.Whenphotographyfirstbecameavailable,scientistswelcomeditasamore

objectivewayofrecordingfarawaysocietiesthanearlytravelers'exaggeratedaccounts.Butin

someways,anthropologicalphotographsrevealmoreabouttheculturethatholdsthecamerathan

theonethatstaresback.Upintothe1950sand1960s,manyethnographerssoughtpurepicturesof

primitivecultures,routinelydeletingmodernaccoutrementssuchasclocksandWesterndress.

Theypaidmenandwomentore-enactritualsortoposeasmembersofwarorhuntingparties,

oftenwithlittleregardforveracity.EdwardCurtis,thelegendaryphotographerofNorth

AmericanIndians,forexample,gotoneMakahmantoposeasawhalerwithaspearin

1915—eventhoughtheMakahhadnothuntedwhalesinageneration.

Thesephotographsreinforcedwidelyacceptedstereotypesthatindigenouscultureswereisolated,

primitive,andunchanging.Forinstance,NationalGeographicmagazine'sphotographshave

taughtmillionsofAmericansaboutothercultures.AsCatherineLutzandJaneCollinspointout

intheir1993bookReadingNationalGeographic,themagazinesinceitsfoundingin1888has

keptatraditionofpresentingbeautifulphotosthatdon'tchallengewhite,middle-classAmerican

conventions.Whiledark-skinnedwomencanbeshownwithouttops,forexample,whitewomen's

breastsaretaboo.Photosthatcouldunsettleordisturb,suchasareasoftheworldtomasunderby

warorfamine,arediscardedinfavorofthosethatreassure,toconformwiththesociety'sstated

pledgetopresentonlykindlyvisionsofforeignsocieties.Theresult,LutzandCollinssay,isthe

depictionofanidealizedandexoticworldrelativelyfreeofpainorclassconflict.

LutzactuallylikesNationalGeographicalot.Shereadthemagazineasachild,anditslush

imageryinfluencedhereventualchoiceofanthropologyasacareer.Shejustthinksthataspeople

lookatthephotographsofothercultures,theyshouldbealerttothechoiceofcompositionand

images.

1.Themainideaofthepassageis.

[A]PhotographstakenbyWesternexplorersreflectmoreWesternersyperceptionofthe

indigenousculturesandtheWesternvalues.

[B]ThereisacomplicatedrelationshipbetweentheWesternexplorersandtheprimitivepeoples.

[C]PopularmagazinessuchasNationalGeographicshouldshowpicturesoftheexoticand

idealizedworldstomaintainhighsales.

[DJAnthropologistsaskthenativestoposefortheirpictures,compromisingthetruthfulnessof

theirpictures.

2.Wecaninferfromthepassagethatearlytravelerstothenativelandsoften.

[A]tookpictureswiththenatives

[B]gaveexaggeratedaccountsofthenativelands

[C]askforpicturesfromthenatives

[DIgavethenativesclocksandWesterndresses

3.TheauthormentionsthemovieLawrenceofArabiato.

[A]showhowpeopleintheindigenoussocietiesareportrayedbyWesterners.

[B]illustratehowpeoplefromprimitivesocietiesseecamerasastoolsofblackmagicthatsteal

theirvirtues.

[C]showhowanthropologistsportrayuntruthfulpicturesofnativepeople.

[D]showthecruelandbarbariansideofthenativepeople.

4.“Buiinsomeways,anthropologicalphotographsrevealmoreabouttheculturethatholdsthe

camerathantheonethatstaresback."Inthissentence,theuone[culture]thatstaresback”

refersto.

[A]theindigenousculture

[B]theWesternculture

[C]theacademicculture

[D]thenewsbusinessculture

5.WithwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldCatherineLutzmostprobablyagree?

[AJReportersfromtheWesternsocietiesshouldroutinelydeletemodernelementsinpictures

takenoftheindigenoussocieties.

|B]TheprimitiveculturesareinferiortothemoreadvancedWesternculture.

[C]Thewesternmediaarenotpresentingarealisticpictureofthefarawaysocieties.

[D]PeopleintheWesternnewsbusinessshouldtrynottochallengethewell-establishedwhite

middle-classvalues.

答案及解析

1.答案是[A]PhotographstakenbyWesternexplorersreflectmoreWesterners,perceptionof

theindigenousculturesandtheWesternvalues.

解析：本文的主题是，西方的媒体，为了迎合西方读者猎奇的心理，同时，为了不与西方

读者的中产阶级价值观发生冲突，在他们拍摄的照片中，并不是真正客观公正地反映经济

发展水平较为落后的社会中人们的生活。他们经常有意删除照片中反映西方文明烙印的成

分，甚至摆布照片中的主人公，以描绘出一个西方读者想象中的，经济不发达的，有异域

风情的，没有痛苦和阶级斗争的经济落后社会的画面。他们甚至避免刊登那些反映饥荒，

战争，灾害的照片，以满足西方媒体“只刊登外国社会美好一面的照片”的默契。

2.答案是[B]gaveexaggeratedaccountsofthenativelands

解析：文章第二段说，Whenphotographyfirstbecameavailable,scientistswelcomeditasamore

objectivewayofrecordingfarawaysocietiesthanearlytravelers'exaggeratedaccounts.nJ见早期

到原始社会旅行回来的人往往对当地的情况夸大其词。在照相机发明之后，科学家能更好

地客观反映那些远方地区的真实情况。

3.答案是[B]illustratehowpeoplefromprimitivesocietiesseecamerasastoolsofblackmagic

thatstealtheirvirtues.

解析：文章的第一段介绍的是著名的1962年获得7项奥斯卡大奖的电影《阿拉伯的劳伦斯》

（导演：DAVIDLEAN）中的一个片段。该电影本来与作者要讲的题目并无直接关系。作

者仅仅通过一个电影中描述的场景来说明一个论点。那就是比较原始，开化较晚的社会，

那里的人们对现代的文明，和从没见过的现代文明的产物容易产生误解。电影中的土著抢

走了LAWRENCE的照相机，因为他怀疑，那从未见过的玩意儿会偷走他的“美好品德

（VIRTUE）”。但是，作者在下文说，那些土著居民的担心并非全无道理。因为西方的记

者和学者们，为了描绘••个西方人心目中固有的土著社会（或者经济发展欠发达社会）的

形象，故意篡改照片，满足西方读者的好奇心，并且有意迎合西方中产阶级的趣味。在短

文中，作者有时候并不开宗明义，直奔主题，而是利用人们都熟悉的文化元素，例如诗歌,

书籍，电影，歌曲等，引起读者对其讨论话题的兴趣，然后再引入主题。并不是每一篇文

章都会开门见山，读者不应该把每篇文章的首尾句都当成对文章大意的总结。

4.答案是[A]theindigenousculture

解析：Butinsomeways,anthropologicalphotographsrevealmoreabouttheculturethatholdsthe

camerathantheonethatstaresback.本句是文章切入主题的重点句。考生应该格外注意在阅读

文章靠前部分出现的，以转折词（例如，HOWEVER,BUT,NEVERTHELESS,

NONETHELESS等）开头的句子。那往往是作者叙述传统论点，或者普遍看法的关键地方。

本句可以理解为：但是，在某些方面，人类学家拍摄的照片展现的与其说是那个盯视着照

相机的（被拍摄的）文化，不如说是反映了拿着照相机的（西方）文化。作者暗示，照片

反映了西方摄影者的偏见和对落后文化固有的看法，反映的是西方的价值观，并不是完全

真实客观的那些不发达社会的写照。这句话基本上是对文章中心意思的总结。如果对文章

的主题有大致的认识，就不会将本题选错。

5.答案是[C]Thewesternmediaarenotpresentingarealisticpictureofthefarawaysocieties.

解析：CatherineLutz是文章中提到的1993年出版的READINGNATIONALGEOGRAPHIC

的作者之一。她们在书中写道，《国家地理》杂志自从1888年创刊以来，就直刊登那些

不和美国中产阶级白人的价值观发生冲突的照片。照片中可以表现袒露胸部的黑色皮肤的

妇女，但是白人妇女的胸部就是禁止刊登的对象。她们认为，这样做的后果就是，在那些

西方主流杂志中展现的，似乎是相对而言没有痛苦的，也不存在阶级斗争的社会。因此答

案CThewesternmediaarenotpresentingarealisticpictureofthefarawaysocieties（西方媒体并

没有展现落后地区的真实画面）最能表现该作者的观点。

Notes生词注释：

snapV,按动快门

lootv.掠夺，抢劫

sabotagev./n.（从事）破坏活动

indigenousadj.本土的

exaggeratedadj.夸张的

anthropologicaladj.人类学的

ethnographern.民族志学者，人种学者

accoutrementn.穿着，酉已备

enactv.（本文）扮演

ritualn.典礼,（宗教）仪式,礼节

veracityn,真实性

legendaryadj.传说中的，传奇般的

reinforcev.增强

stereotypen.陈腔滥调；老套

taboon.禁忌，避讳

unsettlev.令人不安

depictionn.描述

lushadj.青葱的，味美的，繁荣的

PassageTwo

TheBritishMedicalJournalrecentlyfeaturedastrongresponsetowhatwasjudgedan

inappropriatelylenientreactionbyamedicalschooltoastudentcheatinginanexamination.

Althoughwehaveinsufficientreliabledataabouttheextentofthisphenomenon,itsprevention,

oritseffectivemanagement,muchcanbeconcludedandactedupononthebasisofcommon

senseandconceptswithfacevalidity.

Thereisgeneralagreementthatthereshouldbezerotoleranceofcheatinginaprofessionbased

ontrustandoneonwhichhumanlivesdepend.Itisreasonabletoassumethatcheatersinmedical

schoolwillbemorelikelythanotherstocontinuetoactdishonestlywithpatients,colleagues,

insurers,andgovernment.

Thebehavioursunderquestionaremultifactorialinorigin.Therearefamilial,religious,and

culturalvaluesthatareacquiredlongbeforemedicalschool.Forexample,countries,cultures,and

subculturesexistwherebribesanddishonestbehaviourarealmostanorm.Therearesecondary

schoolsinwhichneitherstaffnorstudentstoleratecheatingandotherswherecheatingisrampant;

therearehomeswhichimbueyoungpeoplewithhighstandardsofethicalbehaviourandothers

whichleaveethicaltrainingtotheharmfulinfluenceoftelevisionandthemarketplace.

Medicalschoolsreflectsocietyandcannotbeexpectedtoremedyalltheillsofasociety.The

selectionprocessofmedicalstudentsmightbeexpectedtofavourcandidateswithintegrityand

positiveethicalbehaviour-ifonehadareliablemethodfordetectingsuchcharacteristicsin

advance.Medicalschoolsshouldbethemajorfocusofattentionforimbuingfuturedoctorswith

integrityandethicalsensitivity.Unfortunatelytherearetroubling,ifinconclusive,datathat

suggestthatduringmedicalschooltheethicalbehaviourofmedicalstudentsdoesnotnecessarily

improve;indeed,moraldevelopmentmayactuallystoporevenregress.

Thecreationofapervasiveinstitutionalcultureofintegrityisessential.Itiscriticalthatthe

academicandclinicalleadersoftheinstitutionsetapersonalexampleofintegrity.Medical

schoolsmustmaketheirinstitutionalpositionandtheirexpectationsofstudentsabsolutelyclear

fromdayone.Thedevelopmentofaschool'scultureofintegrityrequiresapartnershipwiththe

studentsinwhichtheyplayanactiveroleinitscreationandnurturing.Moreover,theschool's

examinationsystemandgeneraltreatmentofstudentsmustbeperceivedasfair.Finally,the

treatmentofinfractionsmustbefirm,fair,transparent,andconsistent.

6.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutcheatinginmedicalschools?

[AJExtensiveresearchhasbeendoneaboutthisphenomenon.

|B]Wehavesufficientdatatoprovethatpreventionisfeasible.

[CJWearesafetoconcludethatthisphenomenonexistsonagrandscale.

[D]Reliabledataabouttheextent,preventionandmanagementofthephenomenonislacking.

7.Accordingtotheauthor,itisimportanttopreventcheatinginmedicalschoolsbecause

[A]Themedicalprofessionisbasedontrust.

[B]Thereiszerotoleranceofcheatinginmedicine.

[C]Themedicalprofessiondependsonthegovernment.

[D]Cheatingexistsextensivelyinmedicalschools.

8.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthecause(s)ofcheating?

(AJFamily,cultureandsocietyplayanactivepart.

|B]Badschoolenvironmentistheleadingcauseofstudentcheating.

|C]Parentsarealwaystoblamefortheirchildren'scheatingbehaviour.

[D]CheatingexistsprimarilybecausestudentslearnbadthingsfromTV.

9.Accordingtotheauthor,whatprecautionsshouldmedicalschoolstaketopreventstudentsfrom

cheating?

[AJMedicalschoolsshouldestablishafirmmoralstandardtoweedoutapplicantswithlow

integrity.

[B]Medicalschoolsshouldmakeeffortstoremedytheillsofasociety.

[C]Medicalschoolsshouldteachfuturedoctorsintegrityandethicalvalues.

[D]Thereisnothingmedicalschoolscandotoimprovetheethicalbehaviouroftheirstudents.

10.Theauthorwillprobablyagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatements?

［A］Medicalschoolsshouldmakeexamseasierforthestudentstoalleviatethefiercecompetition.

［B］Prominentfiguresinthemedicalinstitutionshouldcreateasetofmoralstandardstobe

appliedinmedicalschools.

［C］Medicalstudentsshouldplayanactiveroleinthecreationandpreservationofacultureof

integrity.

［DJThosestudentswhocheatintheexamsshouldbeinstantlyexpelledfromschool.

答案及解析

6.答案是ID|Reliabledataabouttheextent,preventionandmanagementofthephenomenonis

lacking.

解析：文章第一段说，Althoughwehaveinsufficientreliabledataabouttheextentofthis

phenomenon,itsprevention,oritseffectivemanagement,muchcanbeconcludedandactedupon

onthebasisofcommonsenseandconceptswithfacevalidity.可见，到目前为止，我们还不很了

解医学院作弊现象的严重程度，也不甚明了如何对该类现象进行预防和管理。既然目前所

掌握的DATA是insufficient（不充足的），那么所说的都不符合文章的原意，故

均为错误选项。只有［D］的叙述正确。

7.答案是［A］Themedicalprofessionisbasedontrust.

解析：作者在第二段说，人们一致认为，医学的基础就是诚信。在医学院就作弊的学生通

常比其他人更容易做出欺骗病人，同事，和政府的事情。因此，医学以诚信为本的性质就

决定了，对医学院的作弊行为应该坚决打击。［B］项说的是打击作弊行为的结果，而不是原

因。［C］医学依靠政府，［D］医学院中作弊行为普遍存在，都不符合文章内容。

8.答案是［A］Family,cultureandsocietyplayanactivepart.

解析：［A］的内容符合文章的原意。作者在讨论作弊现象的根源时•，结论是，作弊现象存在,

原因是多方面的。学生在上医学院之前受到的家庭，社会和文化的熏陶在很大程度上决定

他们是否会在考试中作弊。也就是选项［A］的内容。的说法虽然都有道理，但是都

过于绝对。学校的环境，家长的教育,电视的影响，虽然都起一定作用，但是都不能说是

决定性的。Leading,always,primarily之类的用词决定了它们都不是最佳选项。

9.答案是［C］Medicalschoolsshouldteachfuturedoctorsintegrityandethicalvalues.

解析：［A］“医学院应该确立明确道德标准，淘汰道德素质低下的申请者”是错误选项。因

为文章谈到如何甄别申请医学院学生的道德素质的时候，作者用的是虚拟语气have的过去

式had（ifonehadareliablemethodfordetectingsuchcharacteristicsinadvance）：如果能有可

靠的标准，能预先了解学生的道德水平，医学院在录取的时候应该照顾那些恪守道德准则

的学生。可见目前并没有这样的标准可循。［B］Medicalschoolsshouldmakeeffortstoremedy

theillsofasociety.和文章的内容相反。因为文章明确地说Medicalschools...cannotbeexpected

toremedyalltheillsofasociety.©项错，因为文章的本意是，医学院的学生在学期间，道德

素质不仅不会提高，而且可能下降（regress）。但是作者并没有说，医学院在提高学生素质

方面无计可施，而是敦促学校采取相应措施，imbuingfuturedoctorswithintegrityandethical

sensitivity,（增强未来的医师们的道德感）。

10.答案是［C］Medicalstudentsshouldplayanactiveroleinthecreationandpreservationofa

cultureofintegrity.

解析:［C］项和文章最后一段的Thedevelopmentofaschool'scultureofintegrityrequiresa

partnershipwiththestudentsinwhichtheyplayanactiveroleinitscreationandnurturing相呼

应。［A］错，因为作者没有建议医学院应该降低考试难度。［B］的叙述不准确，因为作者的本

意是医学界的要人应该树立楷模，而不是让他们设定一套人人遵循的行规。［D］错，作者仅

提议医学院对有违反道德准则学生的处罚应该是坚决，公正，透明和统一的。作者并没有

明确倡议一旦有作弊行为就将其开除出校。

Notes生词注释：

in叩propriateadj.不合适的；不适宜的

lenientadj.宽容的，宽恕的，仁慈的

validityn.确实性，效力，合法性

multifactorialadj.（不常用）多方面的

familialadj.家庭的

normn.标准，规范，准则

rampantadj.繁茂的，蔓延的,（本文）猖獗的

imbuev.浸透,使充满，感染

ethicaladj.道德的;伦理的

remedyv.治疗，修理，补救

integrityn.正直，诚实，清廉，完整

regressv.退回，倒退

pervasiveadj.到处弥漫的，到处渗透的

nurturingadj.养育的，培养的

infractionn.违反，违法的行为

transparentadj.透明的

PassageThree

Abigfocusofthecriticismofcomputergameshasconcernedthecontentofthegamesbeing

played.Whenthenarrativesofthegamesareanalyzedtheycanbeseentofallintosomegenres.

ThetwogenresmostpopularwiththechildrenIinterviewedwere'Platformers'and

'Beat-them-ups.TPlatformgamessuchasSonicandSuperMarioinvolveleapingfrom

platformtoplatform,avoidingobstacles,movingonthroughthelevels,andprogressingthrough

thedifferentstagesofthegame,Beat-them-upsarethegameswhichhavecausedconcernover

theirviolentcontent.Thesegamesinvolvefightsbetweenanimatedcharacters.Inmanywaysthis

violencecanbecomparedtoviolencewithinchildren'scartoonswhereacharacterishitoverthe

headorfallsofacliffbutwalksawayunscathed.

Controversyhasoccurredinpartbecauseoftheintensityofthegameplay,whichissaidtospill

overintochildrenyseverydaylives.Thereareworriesthatchildrenarebecomingmoreviolent

andaggressiveafterprolongedexposuretothesegames.Playingcomputergamesinvolves

feelingsofintensefrustrationandangerwhichoftenexpressesitselfinaggressive'yells'atthe

screen.Itisnotonlythe<Beat-them-up,gameswhichproducethisaggression;platformgames

arejustasfrustratingwhenthecharacterslosealltheir'lives'and'die'justbeforetheend

ofthelevelisreached.Computergamingreliesuponintenseconcentrationonthemovingimages

onthescreenanddemandsgreathand-to-eyecoordination.Whentheplayerlosesandthewords

'Gameover,appearonthescreen,thereisannoyanceandfrustrationatbeingbeatenbythe

computerandathavingmadeanenor.Thisangerandaggressioncouldperhapsbecomparedto

theaggressionfeltwhenplayingfootballandyoutakeyoureyeofftheballandenablethe

oppositiontoscore.Theannoyanceexperiencedwhendefeatedatacomputergameiswhatmakes

gaming*addictive":theplayerisdeterminednottomakethesamemistakeagainandtohave

'onelastgo'inthehopeofdoingbetternexttime.

Someoftheconcernovertheviolenceofcomputergameshasbeenaboutchildrenwhoareunable

totellthedifferencebetweenfictionandrealityandwhoactouttheviolentmovesofthegamesin

fightontheplayground.Theproblemwithvideogamesisthattheyinvolvechildrenmorethan

televisionorfilmsandthismeanstherearemoreimplicationsfortheirsocialbehavior.Playing

thesegamescanleadtoanti-socialbehavior,makechildrenaggressiveandaffecttheiremotional

stability.

11.Whatisthetopicofthisarticle?

[A]Howdoesplayingcomputergamesaffectthelevelofviolenceinchildren

[B]ThereisnodifferencebetweenPlatformgamesand'Beat-Them-Ups,.

[C]Howtocontrolangerwhileplayingcomputergames

[D]Howtomakechildrenspendlesstimeoncomputergames

12.Whichofthefollowinggamesissupposedtocontainviolentcontent?

[A]Sonic

[B]SuperMario

[C]Platformer

[D]Beat-Them-Up

13.Whatdoesunscathed(Paragraph1,Lastline)probablymean?

[Alunsettled

[B]unbeaten

[Cjunharmed

[DJunhappy

14.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,howdoesviolencerelatetoplayingcomputergames?

[AlWhenlosingcomputergameschildrentendtoexperiencefrustrationandanger.

[B]Beat-Them-Upsaremorepopularwithchildrenthereforemorelikelytoproduceviolent

behavior.

[C]Peoplewhohavegoodhand-eye-coordinationtendtobemoreviolentthanothers.

[D]Theviolentcontentinthegamesgetschildrenaddictedtothegames.

15.Accordingtotheauthor,whydovideogamesleadtoviolencemorethanTVormovies?

[A]Becausechildrencannottellfictionfromreality.WWW.CN-MPA.COM2005-8-165:10:56

[B]Becausechildrenliketoactoutthescenesinthegamesontheplayground.

[C]BecausecomputergamesinvolvechildrenmorethanTVorfilms.

[D]Becausecomputergamescanproducemoreanti-socialbehavior.

答案及解析

11.答案是[A]Howdoesplayingcomputergamesaffectthelevelofviolenceinchildren

解析：文章的主题，可以从第一段中看出。作者开头就说，Abigfocusofthecriticismof

computergameshasconcernedthecontentofthegamesbeingplayed（计算机游戏的内容遭至U

很多非议）。第二段开头，作者又用这样的话引出下文：Controversyhasoccurredinpart

becauseoftheintensityofthegameplay,whichissaidtospilloverintochildren'severydaylives.

Thereareworriesthatchildrenarebecomingmoreviolentandaggressiveafterprolonged

exposuretothesegames.（计算机游戏引起争议，有部分原因是因为，小孩打游戏总是过了

头，游戏已经渗透到他们生活中去。人们担心，孩子们因为打游戏时间过长，渐渐变的有

暴力倾向。）第三段开头，作者说，Someoftheconcernovertheviolenceofcomputergameshas

beenaboutchildrenwhoareunabletotellthedifferencebetweenfictionandreality对•算机游

戏的•些担心，来自于孩子无法辨别虚构世界和现实世界。可见，作者本文主要讨论的问

题，是计算机游戏中的暴力给孩子们带来的影响。

12.答案是[D]Beat-Them-Up

解析：该细节可以在文章第一段找到。文章第一段介绍了主要的两类电子游戏：Platformers

和Beat-Them・Ups。前者包括Sonic和超级玛丽。后者是打游戏者作为游戏中的卡通人物的

单人独斗类游戏，后者一般被认为有暴力内容。关键语句为Beat-them-upsarethegames

whichhavecausedconcernovertheirviolentcontent.

13.答案是[C]unharmed

解析：可以根据上下文判断：文章第一段结尾，unscathed出现的语句为，Inmanywaysthis

violencecanbecomparedtoviolencewithinchildren'scartoonswhereacharacterishitoverthe

headorfallsofacliffbutwalksawayunscathed.（从很多方面来说，可以把电子游戏里的暴

力和卡通片里的暴力比较：卡通片中的人物被击中脑袋，或者从悬崖上掉下去，也可以毫

发无损地走开。）只有［C］正确。其他选项，［A］unsettled：紊乱的，无人居住的，东飘西荡

的，不安定的。［B］unbeaten：未捣碎的，未被击败的；未被超越的；［D］unhappy：不快乐

的，不幸福的，都是错误选项。

14.答案是［A］Whenlosingcomputergameschildrentendtoexperiencefrustrationandanger.

解析：文章第二段介绍为什么沉迷于电子游戏中会使孩子们产生暴力倾向。作者先将本段

内容在开头进行综述，小孩打游戏总是过了头，游戏已经渗透到他们生活中去。人们担心,

孩子们因为打游戏时间过长，渐渐变的有暴力倾向。尤其是游戏即将失利的时候，玩家就

会觉得沮丧，为自己曾经的失误气恼，总想再来一次（have*onelastgo'）。作者说，

Platforms和Beat-Them-Ups同样会使孩子们觉得失利后的沮丧，因此网的说法，

Beat-Them-Ups更受欢迎，因此更容易激发暴力行为，是错误的。［C］,手眼协调出色的人

更容易有暴力倾向，文章并没有相关内容。［D］,游戏中的暴力使得孩子们沉迷于游戏中，

文章也没有这样的说法。作者认为，容易使孩子们沉迷于其中的，是他们自己玩游戏时候

的失利，游戏结束时，看到GAMEOVER,他们对自己在打那一局时所犯错误的懊恼。

15.答案是［C］BecausecomputergamesinvolvechildrenmorethanTVorfilms.

解析：问的是为什么电子游戏比电影和电视更容易激发孩子们的暴力行为。解题的关键语

句是Theproblemwithvideogamesisthattheyinvolvechildrenmorethantelevisionorfilms

andthismeanstherearemoreimplicationsfortheirsocialbehavior.电子游戏比电影或电视都更

容易让孩子们有身临其境的参与感，从而对他们的社会行为影响更大。容易错选成［A］,孩

子们分不清虚构和现实世界，这虽然是文章原句，但这并不是作者想引出的游戏和影视的

根本区别。［D］是打游戏的结果，并不是作者想探究的，为什么游戏比影视更容易让孩子产

生暴力行为的原因。

注释Notes

narrativen.（本文中作名词）叙述，故事

genren.类型，流派

obstaclen.障碍物

animatedadj.动画的

cliffn.悬崖

unscathedadj.毫发无损的

controversyn.争议

spilloverinto深入到,渗透到

prolongedadj.长时间的

frustrationn.挫折

coordinationn.协调，协调性

annoyancen.烦恼，烦扰，恼怒，恼火

addictiveadj.让人上瘾的

implicationn.含义，内涵

stabilityn.稳定性，稳定

PassageFour

InBrazil,thedebateovergeneticallymodifiedorganisms,orGMOs,affectsmostlysoybean

production.Brazilistheworld'ssecondlargestproducerofsoybeansbehindtheUnitedStatesand

aheadofArgentina.MostEuropeanandAsianretailerswanttoremainGMfree.

Non-governmentalorganizations(NGOs)inBrazilaregoingonamediaoffensivetopreventthe

legalizationofgeneticallymodifiedcrops.Environmentalistsandconsumergroupsforyearshave

beenabletothwartgovernmentandcompanies*attemptstolegalizealteredfood.Inradiodramas

thatarebeingbroadcastinremoteregions,BrazilianNGOsaretellingsoyfarmerstheuseof

geneticallymodifiedseedscouldendangertheirhealth,theirfieldsandtheirbusiness.Wearenot

sayingthatgeneticengineeringis,inprinciple,somethingbad;wesaythatweneedmorescience

tobesurethatitwillworkinanappropriatewaywithnoharminthefuture,saidcampaign

coordinatorJean-MarcvonderWeid.Thisisbothforhealthandenvironmentalreasons.The

otherquestionisoneconomics.WhatwethinkisthatinBrazil,ifweapprovetheGMOs,wewill

loseaspectacularadvantagethatwehavenow.Wearesellingmoretotheinternationalmarket,

mostlyforEuropeandAsia,thanwehavedoneinourhistory,becausewearenotGMO

contaminated.

Anotheroppositiongroup,ActionAid,hasbeenorganizinggrass-rootssupportinBrazilian

farmingregionstorouseconsumersentimentagainstlegalization.ActionAidpublicpolicy

directorAdrianoCampolinasaysheisfightingforfarmerstoremainindependent.Whenthe

small-scalefarmerorabigfarmerstartsusingthiskindofseed,thisfarmerwillbecompletely

dependentonthetransnationals,whichcontrolintellectualpropertyrightsovertheseseeds,he

said.

BrazilianscientistCrodowaldoPavansaidthereshouldbechecksonwhatmultinationalscando,

butthatdoesn'tmeanGMseedsshouldbebanned.Hesaysfearsovertheirusageareunfounded.

Despitetheofficialban,Dr.PavansaysuptoonethirdofBraziFssoycropisgeneticallymodified,

becauseGMseedisbeingsmuggledfromArgentina.Brazil'sgovernmenthasinvestedheavilyin

aGMprojectbytheU.S.biotechcompany,Monsanto,buttheprojectwasputonicefollowinga

successfulcourtchallengebyconsumers.

Theanti-GMOgroupsarehopingthepoliticians'preoccupationwiththeOctoberpresidential

electionwillgivethemtimetogatherenoughsupporttodefeatanyfutureattemptstolegalize

geneticallyalteredcrops.

41.Accordingtothepassage,theissueindisputeinBrazilis.

[A]contaminationoftheenvironmentbygeneticallymodifiedcropsWWW.CN-MPA.COM

2004-5-2722:19:31

[B]Brazil'sstandingintheinternationalmarket

[C]theOctoberpresidentialelection

[DJthelegalizationofgeneticallymodifiedorganisms

42.Accordingtothepassage,Brazilistheworld'ssoybeanproducer.

[A]largest

[B]secondlargest

[CJthirdlargest

[DJfourthlargest

43.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaboutNGOsinBrazil?

[A]Theybelievegeneticallymodifiedcropswillharmthefarmers'health.

[B]Theybelievegeneticengineeringisaltogetherabadpractice.

[C]TheybelievescientificmethodsshouldbeintroducedtoensureGMbringsnoharm.

[DJTheybelieveGMOswillharmBrazileconomically.

44.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueabouttheorganizationcalledActionAid?

[A]Theyencouragethefarmerstoproducegeneticallymo